Animal testing (English Wikipedia)

Salinger, Lawrence and Teddlie, Patricia. "Stealing Pets for Research and Profit: The Enforcement (?) of the Animal Welfare Act" Archived 16 January 2013 at archive.today, paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Royal York, Toronto, 15 October 2006

amphilsoc.org

Walter B. Cannon Papers, American Philosophical Society Archived 14 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine

animallaw.info

"Norwegian animal welfare act". Animal Legal and Historical Center. 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2016.

animalresearch.info

"the work on [polio] prevention was long delayed by... misleading experimental models of the disease in monkeys" | ari.info

animalstudiesrepository.org

Taylor K, Gordon N, Langley G, Higgins W (2008). "Estimates for worldwide laboratory animal use in 2005". ATLA. 36 (3): 327–42. doi:10.1177/026119290803600310. PMID 18662096. S2CID 196613886.
Holden C (1986). "A pivotal year for lab animal welfare". Science. 232 (4747): 147–50. Bibcode:1986Sci...232..147H. doi:10.1126/science.3952503. PMID 3952503.

anu.edu.au

adb.anu.edu.au

Ironside W, "John Frederick Joseph Cade (1912–1980)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 13 May 2025

apa.org

"Smarter Than You Think: Renowned Canine Researcher Puts Dogs' Intelligence on Par with 2-Year-Old Human". www.apa.org. Retrieved 5 May 2023.

apc.gov.uk

Animal Procedures Committee: review of cost-benefit assessment in the use of animals in research Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine The Animal Procedures Committee, June 2003 p46-7

archive.org

Institute of Medicine (1991). Science, Medicine, and Animals. National Academies Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-309-56994-1. ...without this fundamental knowledge, most of the clinical advances described in these pages would not have occurred.
Hart L, Hart B, Wood M (2008). Why Dissection: Animal Use in Education. Westport: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32390-4.
Orlans B, Beauchamp T, Dresser R, Morton D, Gluck J (1998). The Human Use of Animals. Oxford University Press. pp. 213. ISBN 978-0-19-511908-4.
Publications of the Research Defence Society: March 1908–1909; Selected by the committee. London: Macmillan. 1909. p. xiv.

archive.today

Salinger, Lawrence and Teddlie, Patricia. "Stealing Pets for Research and Profit: The Enforcement (?) of the Animal Welfare Act" Archived 16 January 2013 at archive.today, paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Royal York, Toronto, 15 October 2006
Broughton, Zoe (March 2001). "Seeing Is Believing – cruelty to dogs at Huntingdon Life Sciences"^[usurped], The Ecologist.

arizona.edu

neurosci.arizona.edu

"Invertebrates in Education and Conservation Conference | Department of Neuroscience". Neurosci.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

augusta.com

chronicle.augusta.com

Cooper, Sylvia (1 August 1999). "Pets crowd animal shelter" Archived 2 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Augusta Chronicle.

avma.org

"AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, June 2007 edition, Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia" (PDF). Avma.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2011.

bbc.co.uk

"Row over US mobile phone 'cockroach backpack' app". BBC News. 9 November 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
Kelly J (7 March 2013). "Who, What, Why: Does shooting goats save soldiers' lives?". BBC News Magazine.

news.bbc.co.uk

"A controversial laboratory". BBC News. 18 January 2001. Retrieved 13 July 2012.

bmj.com

jme.bmj.com

Goodman J, Chandna A, Roe K (2015). "Trends in animal use at US research facilities". Journal of Medical Ethics. 41 (7): 567–69. doi:10.1136/medethics-2014-102404. PMID 25717142. S2CID 46187262. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

books.google.com

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (1988). Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research. National Academies Press. p. 37. ISBN 9780309038393. NAP:13195. The...methods of scientific inquiry have greatly reduced the incidence of human disease and have substantially increased life expectancy. Those results have come largely through experimental methods based in part on the use of animals.
National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (1988). Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research. National Academies Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780309038393. NAP:13195. Animal studies have been an essential component of every field of medical research and have been crucial for the acquisition of basic knowledge in biology.
Hau and Shapiro 2011:
- Jann Hau, Steven J. Schapiro (2011). Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Volume I, Third Edition: Essential Principles and Practices. CRC Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4200-8456-6. Animal-based research has played a key role in understanding infectious diseases, neuroscience, physiology, and toxicology. Experimental results from animal studies have served as the basis for many key biomedical breakthroughs.
- Fox MA (1986). The Case for Animal Experimention: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-05501-8. OCLC 11754940 – via Google Books.
- Sources:
  - P. Michael Conn (29 May 2013). Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease. Academic Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-12-415912-9. ...animal models are central to the effective study and discovery of treatments for human diseases.
  - Liber, R. L. (2002). Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function, and Plasticity: The Physiological Basis of Rehabilitation, 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 978-0-7817-3061-7.

bostonglobe.com

Bender B (12 November 2014). "Military to curtail use of live animals in medical training". Boston Globe. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

britannica.com

"Vivisection". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Archived from the original on 1 January 2008.

buav.org

"Vivisection FAQ" (PDF). British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015.
Langley, Gill (2006) next of kin...A report on the use of primates in experiments Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, BUAV.
Household Product Tests Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine BUAV
"UK Legislation: A Criticism" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
"FAQs: Vivisection" (PDF). British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

bund.de

bfr.bund.de

ZEBET database on alternatives to animal experiments on the Internet (AnimAlt-ZEBET). BfR (30 September 2004). Retrieved on 2013-01-21.

ccac.ca

"2009 CCAC Survey of Animal Use" (PDF). Canadian Council on Animal Care. December 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

3rs.ccac.ca

"Microdosing". 3Rs. Canadian Council on Animal Care in Science. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

ceway.eu

"Cosmetics animal testing in the EU". Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2018.

cnn.com

Benz, Kathy and McManus, Michael (17 May 2005). PETA accuses lab of animal cruelty, CNN.

columbia.edu

Kandel, Eric. 1999. "Genes, Chromosomes, and the Origins of Modern Biology", Columbia Magazine

dlife.com

Thompson bio ref Archived 2009-02-10 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org

Liguori, G., et al. (2017). "Ethical Issues in the Use of Animal Models for Tissue Engineering: Reflections on Legal Aspects, Moral Theory, 3Rs Strategies, and Harm-Benefit Analysis" (PDF). Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods. 23 (12): 850–62. doi:10.1089/ten.TEC.2017.0189. PMID 28756735. S2CID 206268293.
Hajar R (2011). "Animal Testing and Medicine". Heart Views. 12 (1): 42. doi:10.4103/1995-705X.81548. ISSN 1995-705X. PMC 3123518. PMID 21731811.
Lieschke GJ, Currie PD (May 2007). "Animal models of human disease: zebrafish swim into view". Nature Reviews Genetics. 8 (5): 353–367. doi:10.1038/nrg2091. PMID 17440532. S2CID 13857842. Biomedical research depends on the use of animal models to understand the pathogenesis of human disease at a cellular and molecular level and to provide systems for developing and testing new therapies.
Allmon WD, Ross RM (December 2018). "Evolutionary remnants as widely accessible evidence for evolution: the structure of the argument for application to evolution education". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 11 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/s12052-017-0075-1. S2CID 29281160.
Chakraborty C, Hsu C, Wen Z, Lin C, Agoramoorthy G (1 February 2009). "Zebrafish: A Complete Animal Model for In Vivo Drug Discovery and Development". Current Drug Metabolism. 10 (2): 116–124. doi:10.2174/138920009787522197. PMID 19275547.
Kari G, Rodeck U, Dicker AP (July 2007). "Zebrafish: An Emerging Model System for Human Disease and Drug Discovery". Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 82 (1): 70–80. doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100223. PMID 17495877. S2CID 41443542.
Pu R, Coleman J, Coisman J, Sato E, Tanabe T, Arai M, Yamamoto JK (February 2005). "Dual-subtype FIV vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV) protection against a heterologous subtype B FIV isolate". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 7 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2004.08.005. PMC 10911555. PMID 15686976. S2CID 26525327.
Guela C, Wu CK, Saroff D, Lorenzo A, Yuan M, Yankner BA (July 1998). "Aging renders the brain vulnerable to amyloid β-protein neurotoxicity". Nature Medicine. 4 (7): 827–831. doi:10.1038/nm0798-827. PMID 9662375. S2CID 45108486.
Jameson BA, McDonnell JM, Marini JC, Korngold R (April 1994). "A rationally designed CD4 analogue inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis". Nature. 368 (6473): 744–746. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..744J. doi:10.1038/368744a0. PMID 8152486. S2CID 4370797.
Lyuksyutova AL, Lu C-C MN, Milanesio N, King LA, Guo N, Wang Y, Nathans J, Tessier-Lavigne M, et al. (2003). "Anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons by Wnt-Frizzled signaling". Science. 302 (5652): 1984–8. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1984L. doi:10.1126/science.1089610. PMID 14671310. S2CID 39309990.
Taylor K, Alvarez LR (2019). "An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 47 (5–6). SAGE Publications: 196–213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 32090616. S2CID 211261775.
Festing S, Wilkinson R (June 2007). "The ethics of animal research. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research". EMBO Reports. 8 (6): 526–530. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400993. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 2002542. PMID 17545991.
Reddy N, Lynch B, Gujral J, Karnik K (September 2023). "Regulatory landscape of alternatives to animal testing in food safety evaluations with a focus on the western world". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 143: 105470. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105470. ISSN 1096-0295. PMID 37591329. S2CID 260938742.
Petetta F, Ciccocioppo R (November 2021). "Public perception of laboratory animal testing: Historical, philosophical, and ethical view". Addiction Biology. 26 (6): e12991. doi:10.1111/adb.12991. ISSN 1369-1600. PMC 9252265. PMID 33331099.
Low LA, Mummery C, Berridge BR, Austin CP, Tagle DA (May 2021). "Organs-on-chips: into the next decade". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 20 (5): 345–361. doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0079-3. hdl:1887/3151779. ISSN 1474-1784. PMID 32913334. S2CID 221621465.
Löwa A, Jevtić M, Gorreja F, Hedtrich S (May 2018). "Alternatives to animal testing in basic and preclinical research of atopic dermatitis". Experimental Dermatology. 27 (5): 476–483. doi:10.1111/exd.13498. ISSN 1600-0625. PMID 29356091. S2CID 3378256.
Madden JC, Enoch SJ, Paini A, Cronin MT (July 2020). "A Review of In Silico Tools as Alternatives to Animal Testing: Principles, Resources and Applications". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 48 (4): 146–172. doi:10.1177/0261192920965977. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 33119417. S2CID 226204296.
Reddy N, Lynch B, Gujral J, Karnik K (September 2023). "Alternatives to animal testing in toxicity testing: Current status and future perspectives in food safety assessments". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 179: 113944. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113944. ISSN 1873-6351. PMID 37453475. S2CID 259915886.
Paixão RL, Schramm FR (1999). "Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated?". Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 15 (Suppl 1): 99–110. doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500011. PMID 10089552.
Mock M, Fouet A (2001). "Anthrax". Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 55: 647–71. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.647. PMID 11544370.
Windholz G (1987). "Pavlov as a psychologist. A reappraisal". Pavlovian J. Biol. Sci. 22 (3): 103–12. doi:10.1007/BF02734662. PMID 3309839. S2CID 141344843.
Steensma DP, Kyle Robert A., Shampo Marc A. (November 2010). "Abbie Lathrop, the "Mouse Woman of Granby": Rodent Fancier and Accidental Genetics Pioneer". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (11): e83. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0647. PMC 2966381. PMID 21061734.
Walgate R (1981). "Armadillos fight leprosy". Nature. 291 (5816): 527. Bibcode:1981Natur.291..527W. doi:10.1038/291527a0. PMID 7242665.
Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL, Truman RW, Williams DL (2006). "The Continuing Challenges of Leprosy". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19 (2): 338–81. doi:10.1128/CMR.19.2.338-381.2006. PMC 1471987. PMID 16614253.
Jaenisch R, Mintz B (1974). "Simian Virus 40 DNA Sequences in DNA of Healthy Adult Mice Derived from Preimplantation Blastocysts Injected with Viral DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (4): 1250–54. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.1250J. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.4.1250. PMC 388203. PMID 4364530.
Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KH (1997). "Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells". Nature. 385 (6619): 810–13. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..810W. doi:10.1038/385810a0. PMID 9039911. S2CID 4260518.
Antoshechkin I, Sternberg PW (2007). "The versatile worm: genetic and genomic resources for Caenorhabditis elegans research". Nature Reviews Genetics. 8 (7): 518–32. doi:10.1038/nrg2105. PMID 17549065. S2CID 12923468.
Matthews KA, Kaufman TC, Gelbart WM (2005). "Research resources for Drosophila: the expanding universe". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (3): 179–93. doi:10.1038/nrg1554. PMID 15738962. S2CID 31002250.
Schulenburg H, Kurz CL, Ewbank JJ (2004). "Evolution of the innate immune system: the worm perspective". Immunological Reviews. 198: 36–58. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0125.x. PMID 15199953. S2CID 21541043.
Leclerc V, Reichhart JM (2004). "The immune response of Drosophila melanogaster". Immunological Reviews. 198: 59–71. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0130.x. PMID 15199954. S2CID 7395057.
Mylonakis E, Aballay A (2005). "Worms and flies as genetically tractable animal models to study host-pathogen interactions". Infection and Immunity. 73 (7): 3833–41. doi:10.1128/IAI.73.7.3833-3841.2005. PMC 1168613. PMID 15972468.
Kavanagh K, Reeves EP (2004). "Exploiting the potential of insects for in vivo pathogenicity testing of microbial pathogens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 28 (1): 101–12. doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2003.09.002. PMID 14975532.
Antunes LC, Imperi F, Carattoli A, Visca P (2011). Adler B (ed.). "Deciphering the Multifactorial Nature of Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenicity". PLOS ONE. 6 (8): e22674. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622674A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022674. PMC 3148234. PMID 21829642.
Aperis G, Fuchs BB, Anderson CA, Warner JE, Calderwood SB, Mylonakis E (2007). "Galleria mellonella as a model host to study infection by the Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain". Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur. 9 (6): 729–34. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.02.016. PMC 1974785. PMID 17400503.
Waterfield NR, Sanchez-Contreras M, Eleftherianos I, Dowling A, Yang G, Wilkinson P, Parkhill J, Thomson N, Reynolds SE, Bode HB, Dorus S, Ffrench-Constant RH (2008). "Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA): Identification of virulence factors using a bacterial genome library and multiple invertebrate hosts". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (41): 15967–72. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10515967W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711114105. PMC 2572985. PMID 18838673.
Trull FL (1999). "More Regulation of Rodents". Science. 284 (5419): 1463. Bibcode:1999Sci...284.1463T. doi:10.1126/science.284.5419.1463. PMID 10383321. S2CID 10122407.
Rosenthal N, Brown S (2007). "The mouse ascending: perspectives for human-disease models". Nature Cell Biology. 9 (9): 993–99. doi:10.1038/ncb437. PMID 17762889. S2CID 4472227.
Mukerjee M (August 2004). "Speaking for the Animals". Scientific American. 291 (2): 96–97. Bibcode:2004SciAm.291b..96M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0804-96.
Aitman TJ, Critser JK, Cuppen E, Dominiczak A, Fernandez-Suarez XM, Flint J, Gauguier D, Geurts AM, Gould M, Harris PC, Holmdahl R, Hubner N, Izsvák Z, Jacob HJ, Kuramoto T, Kwitek AE, Marrone A, Mashimo T, Moreno C, Mullins J, Mullins L, Olsson T, Pravenec M, Riley L, Saar K, Serikawa T, Shull JD, Szpirer C, Twigger SN, Voigt B, Worley K (2008). "Progress and prospects in rat genetics: a community view". Nature Genetics. 40 (5): 516–22. doi:10.1038/ng.147. PMID 18443588. S2CID 22522876.
Taylor K, Alvarez LR (November 2019). "An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 47 (5–6): 196–213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 32090616. S2CID 211261775.
Smith D, Broadhead C, Descotes G, Fosse R, Hack R, Krauser K, Pfister R, Phillips B, Rabemampianina Y, Sanders J, Sparrow S, Stephan-Gueldner M, Jacobsen SD (2002). "Preclinical Safety Evaluation Using Nonrodent Species: An Industry/ Welfare Project to Minimize Dog Use". ILAR. 43 Suppl: S39-42. doi:10.1093/ilar.43.Suppl_1.S39. PMID 12388850.
Quianzon CC, Cheikh I (16 July 2012). "History of insulin". Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2 (2): 18701. doi:10.3402/jchimp.v2i2.18701. ISSN 2000-9666. PMC 3714061. PMID 23882369.
Li Z, Zheng W, Wang H, Cheng Y, Fang Y, Wu F, Sun G, Sun G, Lv C, Hui B (15 March 2021). "Application of Animal Models in Cancer Research: Recent Progress and Future Prospects". Cancer Management and Research. 13: 2455–2475. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S302565. ISSN 1179-1322. PMC 7979343. PMID 33758544.
Workman P, Aboagye EO, Balkwill F, Balmain A, Bruder G, Chaplin DJ, Double JA, Everitt J, Farningham Da, Glennie MJ, Kelland LR (25 May 2010). "Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research". British Journal of Cancer. 102 (11): 1555–1577. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605642. ISSN 1532-1827. PMC 2883160. PMID 20502460.
Tsering J, Hu X (2018). "Triphala Suppresses Growth and Migration of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model". BioMed Research International. 2018: 7046927. doi:10.1155/2018/7046927. ISSN 2314-6141. PMC 6311269. PMID 30643816.
Lutz C, Well A, Novak M (2003). "Stereotypic and Self-Injurious Behavior in Rhesus Macaques: A Survey and Retrospective Analysis of Environment and Early Experience". American Journal of Primatology. 60 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1002/ajp.10075. PMID 12766938. S2CID 19980505.
Chan AW, Chong KY, Martinovich C, Simerly C, Schatten G (2001). "Transgenic monkeys produced by retroviral gene transfer into mature oocytes". Science. 291 (5502): 309–12. Bibcode:2001Sci...291..309C. doi:10.1126/science.291.5502.309. PMID 11209082.
Yang SH, Cheng PH, Banta H, Piotrowska-Nitsche K, Yang JJ, Cheng EC, Snyder B, Larkin K, Liu J, Orkin J, Fang ZH, Smith Y, Bachevalier J, Zola SM, Li SH, Li XJ, Chan AW (2008). "Towards a transgenic model of Huntington's disease in a non-human primate". Nature. 453 (7197): 921–24. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..921Y. doi:10.1038/nature06975. PMC 2652570. PMID 18488016.
Emborg ME (2007). "Nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease". ILAR Journal. 48 (4): 339–55. doi:10.1093/ilar.48.4.339. PMID 17712221.
Hansen L, Goodman J, Chandna A (2012). "Analysis of animal research ethics committee membership at American institutions". Animals. 2 (1): 68–75. doi:10.3390/ani2010068. PMC 4494267. PMID 26486777.
Plous S, Herzog H (2001). "Animal Research: Reliability of Protocol Reviews for Animal Research". Science. 293 (5530): 608–09. doi:10.1126/science.1061621. PMID 11474086. S2CID 33314019.
Marshall LJ, Bailey J, Cassotta M, Herrmann K, Pistollato F (March 2023). "Poor Translatability of Biomedical Research Using Animals - A Narrative Review". Altern Lab Anim. 51 (2): 102–135. doi:10.1177/02611929231157756. PMID 36883244.
Taylor K, Gordon N, Langley G, Higgins W (2008). "Estimates for worldwide laboratory animal use in 2005". ATLA. 36 (3): 327–42. doi:10.1177/026119290803600310. PMID 18662096. S2CID 196613886.
Goodman J, Chandna A, Roe K (2015). "Trends in animal use at US research facilities". Journal of Medical Ethics. 41 (7): 567–69. doi:10.1136/medethics-2014-102404. PMID 25717142. S2CID 46187262. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Badyal D., Desai C. (2014). "Animal use in pharmacology education and research: The changing scenario". Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 46 (3): 257–65. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.132153. PMC 4071700. PMID 24987170.
Kong Q, Qin C (2009). "Analysis of current laboratory animal science policies and administration in China". ILAR. 51 (1): e1 – e11. doi:10.1093/ilar.51.1.e1. PMID 20075493.
Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247. S2CID 18872015.
Duncan IJ, Petherick JC (1991). "The implications of cognitive processes for animal welfare". Journal of Animal Science. 69 (12): 5017–22. doi:10.2527/1991.69125017x. PMID 1808195.
Curtis SE, Stricklin WR (1991). "The importance of animal cognition in agricultural animal production systems: an overview". Journal of Animal Science. 69 (12): 5001–07. doi:10.2527/1991.69125001x. PMID 1808193.
Griffin DR, Speck GB (2004). "New evidence of animal consciousness". Animal Cognition. 7 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0203-x. PMID 14658059. S2CID 8650837.
Allen C (1998). "Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives". Journal of Animal Science. 76 (1): 42–47. doi:10.2527/1998.76142x. PMID 9464883.
Klabukov I, Shestakova V, Krasilnikova O, Smirnova A, Abramova O, Baranovskii D, Atiakshin D, Kostin AA, Shegay P, Kaprin AD (2023). "Refinement of Animal Experiments: Replacing Traumatic Methods of Laboratory Animal Marking with Non-Invasive Alternatives". Animals. 13 (22): 3452. doi:10.3390/ani13223452. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 10668729. PMID 38003070.
Lindner E, Fuelling O (2002). "Marking methods in small mammals: ear-tattoo as an alternative to toe-clipping". Journal of Zoology. 256 (2): 159–163. doi:10.1017/S0952836902000195. ISSN 0952-8369.
Devolder K, Eggel M (2019). "No Pain, No Gain? In Defence of Genetically Disenhancing (Most) Research Animals". Animals. 9 (4): 154. doi:10.3390/ani9040154. PMC 6523187. PMID 30970545.
Close B, Banister K, Baumans V, Bernoth EM, Bromage N, Bunyan J, Erhardt W, Flecknell P, Gregory N, Hackbarth H, Morton D, Warwick C (1996). "Recommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 1". Laboratory Animals. 30 (4): 293–316 (295). doi:10.1258/002367796780739871. PMID 8938617.
Diaz SL (2020). "Conducting and reporting animal experimentation: Quo vadis?". European Journal of Neuroscience. 52 (6): 3493–3498. doi:10.1111/ejn.14091. hdl:11336/88084. ISSN 0953-816X. PMID 30058230. S2CID 51865025.
Venken KJ, Bellen HJ (2005). "Emerging technologies for gene manipulation in Drosophila melanogaster". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (3): 167–78. doi:10.1038/nrg1553. PMID 15738961. S2CID 21184903.
Sung YH, Song J, Lee HW (2004). "Functional genomics approach using mice". Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 37 (1): 122–32. doi:10.5483/BMBRep.2004.37.1.122. PMID 14761310.
Janies D, DeSalle R (1999). "Development, evolution, and corroboration". The Anatomical Record. 257 (1): 6–14. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(19990215)257:1<6::AID-AR4>3.0.CO;2-I. PMID 10333399. S2CID 23492348.
Akam M (1995). "Hox genes and the evolution of diverse body plans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 349 (1329): 313–19. Bibcode:1995RSPTB.349..313A. doi:10.1098/rstb.1995.0119. PMID 8577843.
Prasad BC, Reed RR (1999). "Chemosensation: Molecular mechanisms in worms and mammals". Trends in Genetics. 15 (4): 150–53. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(99)01695-9. PMID 10203825.
Schafer WR (2006). "Neurophysiological methods in C. elegans: an introduction". WormBook: 1–4. doi:10.1895/wormbook.1.113.1. PMC 4780964. PMID 18050439.
Yamamuro Y (2006). "Social behavior in laboratory rats: Applications for psycho-neuroethology studies". Animal Science Journal. 77 (4): 386–94. doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00363.x.
Peichel CL (2005). "Fishing for the secrets of vertebrate evolution in threespine sticklebacks". Developmental Dynamics. 234 (4): 815–23. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20564. PMID 16252286.
Peichel CL, Nereng KS, Ohgi KA, Cole BL, Colosimo PF, Buerkle CA, Schluter D, Kingsley DM (2001). "The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species" (PDF). Nature. 414 (6866): 901–05. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..901P. doi:10.1038/414901a. PMID 11780061. S2CID 4304296.
Ramaswamy S, McBride JL, Kordower JH (2007). "Animal models of Huntington's disease". ILAR Journal. 48 (4): 356–73. doi:10.1093/ilar.48.4.356. PMID 17712222.
Rees DA, Alcolado JC (2005). "Animal models of diabetes mellitus". Diabetic Medicine. 22 (4): 359–70. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01499.x. PMID 15787657.
Iwakuma T, Lozano G (2007). "Crippling p53 activities via knock-in mutations in mouse models". Oncogene. 26 (15): 2177–84. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210278. PMID 17401426.
Frese KK, Tuveson DA (2007). "Maximizing mouse cancer models". Nature Reviews Cancer. 7 (9): 645–58. doi:10.1038/nrc2192. PMID 17687385. S2CID 6490409.
Dunham SP (2006). "Lessons from the cat: development of vaccines against lentiviruses". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 112 (1–2): 67–77. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.013. PMID 16678276.
Vail DM, MacEwen EG (2000). "Spontaneously occurring tumors of companion animals as models for human cancer". Cancer Investigation. 18 (8): 781–92. doi:10.3109/07357900009012210. PMID 11107448. S2CID 32489790.
Pound P, Ebrahim S, Sandercock P, Bracken MB, Roberts I (2004). "Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?". BMJ. 328 (7438). Reviewing Animal Trials Systematically (RATS) Group: 514–47. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514. PMC 351856. PMID 14988196.
Platt JL, Lin SS (1998). "The future promises of xenotransplantation". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 862 (1): 5–18. Bibcode:1998NYASA.862....5P. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09112.x. PMID 9928201. S2CID 72941995.
Schuurman HJ, Pierson RN (2008). "Progress towards clinical xenotransplantation". Frontiers in Bioscience. 13 (13): 204–20. doi:10.2741/2671. PMID 17981539.
Valdés-González RA, Dorantes LM, Garibay GN, Bracho-Blanchet E, Mendez AJ, Dávila-Pérez R, Elliott RB, Terán L, White DJ (2005). "Xenotransplantation of porcine neonatal islets of Langerhans and Sertoli cells: a 4-year study". European Journal of Endocrinology. 153 (3): 419–27. doi:10.1530/eje.1.01982. PMID 16131605.
Valdés-González RA, White DJ, Dorantes LM, Terán L, Garibay-Nieto GN, Bracho-Blanchet E, Dávila-Pérez R, Evia-Viscarra L, Ormsby CE, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Silva-Torres ML, Ramírez-González B (2007). "Three-yr follow-up of a type 1 diabetes mellitus patient with an islet xenotransplant". Clinical Transplantation. 21 (3): 352–57. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2007.00648.x. PMID 17488384. S2CID 22668776.
Abbott A (2005). "Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change" (PDF). Nature. 438 (7065): 144–46. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..144A. doi:10.1038/438144a. PMID 16281001. S2CID 4422086. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.
Watt JA, Dickinson RG (1990). "The effect of diethyl ether, pentobarbitone and urethane anaesthesia on diflunisal conjugation and disposition in rats". Xenobiotica. 20 (3): 289–301. doi:10.3109/00498259009046848. PMID 2336839.
Walum E (1998). "Acute oral toxicity". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 2): 497–503. doi:10.2307/3433801. JSTOR 3433801. PMC 1533392. PMID 9599698.
Wilhelmus KR (2001). "The Draize eye test". Survey of Ophthalmology. 45 (6): 493–515. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(01)00211-9. PMID 11425356.
Secchi A, Deligianni V (2006). "Ocular toxicology: the Draize eye test". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 6 (5): 367–72. doi:10.1097/01.all.0000244798.26110.00. PMID 16954791. S2CID 24972694.
Hartung T (2009). "Toxicology for the twenty-first century". Nature. 460 (7252): 208–12. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..208H. doi:10.1038/460208a. PMID 19587762. S2CID 851143.
Smith LL (2001). "Key challenges for toxicologists in the 21st century". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 22 (6): 281–85. doi:10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01714-4. PMID 11395155.
Brown SL, Brett SM, Gough M, Rodricks JV, Tardiff RG, Turnbull D (1988). "Review of interspecies risk comparisons". Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 8 (2): 191–206. doi:10.1016/0273-2300(88)90028-1. PMID 3051142.
Burden N, Sewell F, Chapman K (2015). "Testing Chemical Safety: What Is Needed to Ensure the Widespread Application of Non-animal Approaches?". PLOS Biol. 13 (5): e1002156. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002156. PMC 4446337. PMID 26018957.
Moczko E, Mirkes EM, Cáceres C, Gorban AN, Piletsky S (2016). "Fluorescence-based assay as a new screening tool for toxic chemicals". Scientific Reports. 6: 33922. Bibcode:2016NatSR...633922M. doi:10.1038/srep33922. PMC 5031998. PMID 27653274.
Patronek G, Rauch A (1 January 2007). "Systematic review of comparative studies examining alternatives to the harmful use of animals in biomedical education". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 230 (1): 37–43. doi:10.2460/javma.230.1.37. PMID 17199490.
Rollin BE (2006). "The regulation of animal research and the emergence of animal ethics: A conceptual history" (PDF). Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. 27 (4): 285–304. doi:10.1007/s11017-006-9007-8. PMID 16937023. S2CID 18620094. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
Bebarta V, Luyten D, Heard K (2003). "Emergency medicine animal research: does use of randomization and blinding affect the results?". Academic Emergency Medicine. 10 (6): 684–87. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00056.x. PMID 12782533.
Macleod MR, van der Worp HB, Sena ES, Howells DW, Dirnagl U, Donnan GA (2008). "Evidence for the efficacy of NXY-059 in experimental focal cerebral ischaemia is confounded by study quality". Stroke. 39 (10): 2824–29. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.515957. PMID 18635842.
Sena E, Wheble P, Sandercock P, Macleod M (2007). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of tirilazad in experimental stroke". Stroke. 38 (2): 388–94. doi:10.1161/01.str.0000254462.75851.22. PMID 17204689.
Hirst JA, Howick J, Aronson J, Roberts N, Perera R, Koshiaris C, Heneghan C (2014). "The Need for Randomization in Animal Trials: An Overview of Systematic Reviews". PLOS ONE. 9 (6): e98856. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998856H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098856. PMC 4048216. PMID 24906117.
Van der Worp B, Sena E, Porritt M, Rewell S, O'Collins V, Macleod MR (2010). "Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?". PLOS Med. 7 (3): e1000245. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245. PMC 2846855. PMID 20361020.
Gagneux P, Moore JJ, Varki A (2005). "The ethics of research on great apes". Nature. 437 (7055): 27–29. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...27G. doi:10.1038/437027a. PMID 16136111. S2CID 11500691.
Vermij P (2003). "Europe's last research chimps to retire". Nature Medicine. 9 (8): 981. doi:10.1038/nm0803-981b. PMID 12894144. S2CID 9892510.
Huxley AF, Simmons RM (1971). "Proposed Mechanism of Force Generation in Striated Muscle". Nature. 233 (5321): 533–38. Bibcode:1971Natur.233..533H. doi:10.1038/233533a0. PMID 4939977. S2CID 26159256.
Gordon AM, Huxley AF, Julian FJ (1966). "The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres". The Journal of Physiology. 184 (1): 170–92. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007909. PMC 1357553. PMID 5921536.
Ford LE, Huxley AF, Simmons RM (1985). "Tension transients during steady shortening of frog muscle fibres". The Journal of Physiology. 361 (1): 131–50. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015637. PMC 1192851. PMID 3872938.
Lutz GJ, Lieber RL (2000). "Myosin isoforms in anuran skeletal muscle: Their influence on contractile properties and in vivo muscle function". Microscopy Research and Technique. 50 (6): 443–57. doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20000915)50:6<443::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 10998635. S2CID 3477585.
Holden C (1986). "A pivotal year for lab animal welfare". Science. 232 (4747): 147–50. Bibcode:1986Sci...232..147H. doi:10.1126/science.3952503. PMID 3952503.
Huggett B (2008). "When animal rights turns ugly". Nature Biotechnology. 26 (6): 603–05. doi:10.1038/nbt0608-603. PMID 18536673. S2CID 8006958.
Malone BJ, Kumar VR, Ringach DL (2007). "Dynamics of Receptive Field Size in Primary Visual Cortex". Journal of Neurophysiology. 97 (1): 407–14. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.133.3969. doi:10.1152/jn.00830.2006. PMID 17021020.
Knight A (May 2008). "Systematic reviews of animal experiments demonstrate poor contributions toward human healthcare". Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials. 3 (2): 89–96. doi:10.2174/157488708784223844. ISSN 1574-8871. PMID 18474018.
Greek R, Menache A (11 January 2013). "Systematic Reviews of Animal Models: Methodology versus Epistemology". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 10 (3): 206–21. doi:10.7150/ijms.5529. ISSN 1449-1907. PMC 3558708. PMID 23372426.
Bracken MB (1 March 2009). "Why animal studies are often poor predictors of human reactions to exposure". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 102 (3): 120–22. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k033. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 2746847. PMID 19297654.
Pound P, Ebrahim S, Sandercock P, Bracken MB, Roberts I (28 February 2004). "Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 328 (7438): 514–17. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 351856. PMID 14988196.
Perel P, Roberts I, Sena E, Wheble P, Briscoe C, Sandercock P, Macleod M, Mignini LE, Jayaram P, Khan KS (25 January 2007). "Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review". BMJ. 334 (7586): 197. doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.BE. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1781970. PMID 17175568.
Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Altman DG (5 February 2002). "The Landscape and Lexicon of Blinding in Randomized Trials". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (3): 254–59. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00022. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 11827510. S2CID 34932997.
Triunfol M, Gouveia FC (15 June 2021). Bero L (ed.). "What's not in the news headlines or titles of Alzheimer disease articles? #InMice". PLOS Biology. 19 (6): e3001260. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001260. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 8205157. PMID 34129637.
Kolar R (2002). "ECVAM: desperately needed or superfluous? An animal welfare perspective". Altern Lab Anim. 30 (Suppl 2): 169–74. doi:10.1177/026119290203002S26. PMID 12513669.
Schuppli CA, Fraser D, McDonald M (2004). "Expanding the three Rs to meet new challenges in humane animal experimentation". Altern Lab Anim. 32 (5): 525–32. doi:10.1177/026119290403200507. PMID 15656775. S2CID 25015151.
Alexander FA, Eggert S, Wiest J (February 2018). "Skin-on-a-Chip: Transepithelial Electrical Resistance and Extracellular Acidification Measurements through an Automated Air-Liquid Interface". Genes. 9 (2): 114. doi:10.3390/genes9020114. PMC 5852610. PMID 29466319.
Watts G (27 January 2007). "Alternatives to animal experimentation". BMJ. 334 (7586): 182–84. doi:10.1136/bmj.39058.469491.68. PMC 1782004. PMID 17255608.
Edelman L, Eddy J, Price N (July–August 2010). "In silico models of cancer". Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2 (4): 438–59. doi:10.1002/wsbm.75. PMC 3157287. PMID 20836040.
Jiang J, Liu B, Nasca PC, Han W, Zou X, Zeng X, Tian X, Wu Y, Zhao P, Li J (2009). "Comparative study of control selection in a national population -based case-control study: Estimating risk of smoking on cancer deaths in Chinese men". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 6 (6): 329–37. doi:10.7150/ijms.6.329. PMC 2777271. PMID 19918375.

ecopa.eu

ecopa – european consensus-platform for alternatives. Ecopa.eu. Retrieved on 2013-01-21.

encyclopedia.com

"Vivisection". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 5 May 2023.

europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

EPAA – Home Archived 1 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved on 2013-01-21.

fda.gov

"Taste of Raspberries, Taste of Death. The 1937 Elixir Sulfanilamide Incident". FDA Consumer magazine. June 1981. Archived from the original on 4 June 2009.
Burkholz H (1 September 1997). "Giving Thalidomide a Second Chance". FDA Consumer. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 21 April 1999.
Commissioner Oo (10 April 2025). "FDA Announces Plan to Phase Out Animal Testing Requirement for Monoclonal Antibodies and Other Drugs". FDA. Archived from the original on 10 April 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
"Roadmap to Reducing Animal Testing in Preclinical Safety Studies". FDA.

fhcrc.org

authors.fhcrc.org

Peichel CL, Nereng KS, Ohgi KA, Cole BL, Colosimo PF, Buerkle CA, Schluter D, Kingsley DM (2001). "The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species" (PDF). Nature. 414 (6866): 901–05. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..901P. doi:10.1038/414901a. PMID 11780061. S2CID 4304296.

foxnews.com

"PETA calls for Dr. Fauci to resign: 'Our position is clear'". Fox News. 5 November 2021.

fullbooks.com

"The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume II". Fullbooks.com.

gallup.com

Riffkin R (18 May 2015). "In U.S., More Say Animals Should Have Same Rights as People". Gallup. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

genengnews.com

Hunter, Robert G. (1 January 2014). "Alternatives to animal testing drive market". Gen. Eng. Biotechnol. News. Vol. 34, no. 1. p. 11. While growth has leveled off and there have been significant reductions in some countries, the number of animals used in research globally still totals almost 100 million a year.

gpo.gov

edocket.access.gpo.gov

Title 9 – Animals and Animal Products. Code of Federal Regulations. Vol. 1 (1 January 2008).

guardian.co.uk

observer.guardian.co.uk

Townsend, Mark (20 April 2003). "Exposed: secrets of the animal organ lab" Archived 6 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian.

haaretz.com

Even D (29 May 2013). "Number of animal experiments up for first time since 2008". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

hamptonroads.com

Vergakis B (14 February 2014). "Coast Guard reduces use of live animals in training". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Low LA, Mummery C, Berridge BR, Austin CP, Tagle DA (May 2021). "Organs-on-chips: into the next decade". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 20 (5): 345–361. doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0079-3. hdl:1887/3151779. ISSN 1474-1784. PMID 32913334. S2CID 221621465.
Diaz SL (2020). "Conducting and reporting animal experimentation: Quo vadis?". European Journal of Neuroscience. 52 (6): 3493–3498. doi:10.1111/ejn.14091. hdl:11336/88084. ISSN 0953-816X. PMID 30058230. S2CID 51865025.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jameson BA, McDonnell JM, Marini JC, Korngold R (April 1994). "A rationally designed CD4 analogue inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis". Nature. 368 (6473): 744–746. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..744J. doi:10.1038/368744a0. PMID 8152486. S2CID 4370797.
Lyuksyutova AL, Lu C-C MN, Milanesio N, King LA, Guo N, Wang Y, Nathans J, Tessier-Lavigne M, et al. (2003). "Anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons by Wnt-Frizzled signaling". Science. 302 (5652): 1984–8. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1984L. doi:10.1126/science.1089610. PMID 14671310. S2CID 39309990.
Walgate R (1981). "Armadillos fight leprosy". Nature. 291 (5816): 527. Bibcode:1981Natur.291..527W. doi:10.1038/291527a0. PMID 7242665.
Jaenisch R, Mintz B (1974). "Simian Virus 40 DNA Sequences in DNA of Healthy Adult Mice Derived from Preimplantation Blastocysts Injected with Viral DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (4): 1250–54. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.1250J. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.4.1250. PMC 388203. PMID 4364530.
Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KH (1997). "Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells". Nature. 385 (6619): 810–13. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..810W. doi:10.1038/385810a0. PMID 9039911. S2CID 4260518.
Antunes LC, Imperi F, Carattoli A, Visca P (2011). Adler B (ed.). "Deciphering the Multifactorial Nature of Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenicity". PLOS ONE. 6 (8): e22674. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622674A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022674. PMC 3148234. PMID 21829642.
Waterfield NR, Sanchez-Contreras M, Eleftherianos I, Dowling A, Yang G, Wilkinson P, Parkhill J, Thomson N, Reynolds SE, Bode HB, Dorus S, Ffrench-Constant RH (2008). "Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA): Identification of virulence factors using a bacterial genome library and multiple invertebrate hosts". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (41): 15967–72. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10515967W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711114105. PMC 2572985. PMID 18838673.
Trull FL (1999). "More Regulation of Rodents". Science. 284 (5419): 1463. Bibcode:1999Sci...284.1463T. doi:10.1126/science.284.5419.1463. PMID 10383321. S2CID 10122407.
Mukerjee M (August 2004). "Speaking for the Animals". Scientific American. 291 (2): 96–97. Bibcode:2004SciAm.291b..96M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0804-96.
Chan AW, Chong KY, Martinovich C, Simerly C, Schatten G (2001). "Transgenic monkeys produced by retroviral gene transfer into mature oocytes". Science. 291 (5502): 309–12. Bibcode:2001Sci...291..309C. doi:10.1126/science.291.5502.309. PMID 11209082.
Yang SH, Cheng PH, Banta H, Piotrowska-Nitsche K, Yang JJ, Cheng EC, Snyder B, Larkin K, Liu J, Orkin J, Fang ZH, Smith Y, Bachevalier J, Zola SM, Li SH, Li XJ, Chan AW (2008). "Towards a transgenic model of Huntington's disease in a non-human primate". Nature. 453 (7197): 921–24. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..921Y. doi:10.1038/nature06975. PMC 2652570. PMID 18488016.
Akam M (1995). "Hox genes and the evolution of diverse body plans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 349 (1329): 313–19. Bibcode:1995RSPTB.349..313A. doi:10.1098/rstb.1995.0119. PMID 8577843.
Peichel CL, Nereng KS, Ohgi KA, Cole BL, Colosimo PF, Buerkle CA, Schluter D, Kingsley DM (2001). "The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species" (PDF). Nature. 414 (6866): 901–05. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..901P. doi:10.1038/414901a. PMID 11780061. S2CID 4304296.
Platt JL, Lin SS (1998). "The future promises of xenotransplantation". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 862 (1): 5–18. Bibcode:1998NYASA.862....5P. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09112.x. PMID 9928201. S2CID 72941995.
Abbott A (2005). "Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change" (PDF). Nature. 438 (7065): 144–46. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..144A. doi:10.1038/438144a. PMID 16281001. S2CID 4422086. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.
Hartung T (2009). "Toxicology for the twenty-first century". Nature. 460 (7252): 208–12. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..208H. doi:10.1038/460208a. PMID 19587762. S2CID 851143.
Moczko E, Mirkes EM, Cáceres C, Gorban AN, Piletsky S (2016). "Fluorescence-based assay as a new screening tool for toxic chemicals". Scientific Reports. 6: 33922. Bibcode:2016NatSR...633922M. doi:10.1038/srep33922. PMC 5031998. PMID 27653274.
Hirst JA, Howick J, Aronson J, Roberts N, Perera R, Koshiaris C, Heneghan C (2014). "The Need for Randomization in Animal Trials: An Overview of Systematic Reviews". PLOS ONE. 9 (6): e98856. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998856H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098856. PMC 4048216. PMID 24906117.
Gagneux P, Moore JJ, Varki A (2005). "The ethics of research on great apes". Nature. 437 (7055): 27–29. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...27G. doi:10.1038/437027a. PMID 16136111. S2CID 11500691.
Huxley AF, Simmons RM (1971). "Proposed Mechanism of Force Generation in Striated Muscle". Nature. 233 (5321): 533–38. Bibcode:1971Natur.233..533H. doi:10.1038/233533a0. PMID 4939977. S2CID 26159256.
Holden C (1986). "A pivotal year for lab animal welfare". Science. 232 (4747): 147–50. Bibcode:1986Sci...232..147H. doi:10.1126/science.3952503. PMID 3952503.

immunology.hms.harvard.edu

Pillai S. "History of Immunology at Harvard". Harvard Medical School:About us. Harvard Medical School. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.

hhs.gov

ori.hhs.gov

"How to Work With Your Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)". ori.hhs.gov.

hsus.org

Class B dealers Archived 29 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Humane Society of the United States.

huffingtonpost.com

Engebretson, Monica (16 March 2014). "India Joins the EU and Israel in Surpassing the US in Cruelty-Free Cosmetics Testing Policy". The World Post.

hughlafollette.com

LaFollette, H., Shanks, N., Animal Experimentation: the Legacy of Claude Bernard Archived 10 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, International Studies in the Philosophy of Science (1994) pp. 195–210.

humanesociety.org

"Biomedical Research: The Humane Society of the United States". Humanesociety.org. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

independent.co.uk

Herbert, Ian (27 January 2007). "Collapse in support for animal rights extremist attacks", The Independent.

indiatimes.com

articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Nandi J (27 April 2012). "Scientists take on activists, want ban on live testing on animals lifted". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Mohan V (14 October 2014). "India bans import of cosmetics tested on animals". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 October 2014.

insidehighered.com

Epstein, David (22 August 2006). Throwing in the Towel Archived 27 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Inside Higher Education

interniche.org

"Welcome". Interniche.org. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

ippl.org

"U.S. primate import statistics for 2014". International Primate Protection League. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2015.

jacvam.jp

About JaCVAM-Organization of JaCVAM Archived 11 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Jacvam.jp. Retrieved on 2013-01-21.

jax.org

informatics.jax.org

Festing, M., "Inbred Strains of Mice and their Characteristics", The Jackson Laboratory . Retrieved 30 January 2008.

jhsph.edu

altweb.jhsph.edu

Russell, W. M. S. (William Moy Stratton), Health JB (1992). The principles of humane experimental technique (Special ed.). South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, England: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. ISBN 0-900767-78-2. OCLC 27347928. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2013.

caat.jhsph.edu

Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing – Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Caat.jhsph.edu. Retrieved on 2013-01-21.

jstor.org

Walum E (1998). "Acute oral toxicity". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 2): 497–503. doi:10.2307/3433801. JSTOR 3433801. PMC 1533392. PMID 9599698.

khou.com

Fox, Stacy (10 March 2014). "Animal Attraction: Federal Bill to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals Introduced in Congress" (Press release). Humane Society of the United States. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014.

koizumiengei.com

rayinfo.koizumiengei.com

韓国・食薬庁で「実験動物慰霊祭」挙行 Archived 29 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine

latimes.com

Moran, Julio (12 September 1991) "Three Sentenced to Prison for Stealing Pets for Research," L.A. Times.

legislation.govt.nz

"Animal Welfare Act 1999". Parliamentary Counsel Office. 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2016.

london-books.co.uk

Mason, Peter. The Brown Dog Affair Archived 6 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Two Sevens Publishing, 1997.

lpag.org

"History of nonhuman animal research". Laboratory Primate Advocacy Group. Archived from the original on 13 October 2006.

medicalnewstoday.com

"What Is A PET Scan? How Does A PET Scan Work?". Medicalnewstoday.com. 23 June 2017.

merriam-webster.com

"Vivisection". Definition of VIVISECTION. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 5 May 2023.

mpg.de

"Number of laboratory animals in Germany". Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

mta.ca

Discovery of Insulin Archived 30 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine

nap.edu

books.nap.edu

International Perspectives: The Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources, Proceedings of the Workshop Held 17–19 April, pp. 36–45, 46–48, 63–69, 197–200.
"Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents" National Academies Press, (2006), p. 21.
"Science, Medicine, and Animals", Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Published by the National Research Council of the National Academies 2004, p. 2

nap.edu

"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals", ILAR, National Research Council, National Academies Press, 1996, p. 64, ISBN 0-309-05377-3.
"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals", ILAR, National Research Council, National Academies Press, 1996, p. 65, ISBN 0-309-05377-3.

nature.com

Rollin drafted the 1985 Health Research Extension Act and an animal welfare amendment to the 1985 Food Security Act: see Rollin, Bernard. "Animal research: a moral science. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research", EMBO Reports 8, 6, 2007, pp. 521–25

nc3rs.org.uk

"What are the 3Rs?". NC3Rs. Archived from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
"NC3Rs". NC3Rs.org.uk. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

newspapers.com

Scott, Luci (1 April 2006). "Probe leads to Covance fine", The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 8 March 2021.

newsweek.com

Gillham, Christina (17 February 2006). "Bought to be sold", Newsweek.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Liguori, G., et al. (2017). "Ethical Issues in the Use of Animal Models for Tissue Engineering: Reflections on Legal Aspects, Moral Theory, 3Rs Strategies, and Harm-Benefit Analysis" (PDF). Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods. 23 (12): 850–62. doi:10.1089/ten.TEC.2017.0189. PMID 28756735. S2CID 206268293.
Hajar R (2011). "Animal Testing and Medicine". Heart Views. 12 (1): 42. doi:10.4103/1995-705X.81548. ISSN 1995-705X. PMC 3123518. PMID 21731811.
Lieschke GJ, Currie PD (May 2007). "Animal models of human disease: zebrafish swim into view". Nature Reviews Genetics. 8 (5): 353–367. doi:10.1038/nrg2091. PMID 17440532. S2CID 13857842. Biomedical research depends on the use of animal models to understand the pathogenesis of human disease at a cellular and molecular level and to provide systems for developing and testing new therapies.
Chakraborty C, Hsu C, Wen Z, Lin C, Agoramoorthy G (1 February 2009). "Zebrafish: A Complete Animal Model for In Vivo Drug Discovery and Development". Current Drug Metabolism. 10 (2): 116–124. doi:10.2174/138920009787522197. PMID 19275547.
Kari G, Rodeck U, Dicker AP (July 2007). "Zebrafish: An Emerging Model System for Human Disease and Drug Discovery". Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 82 (1): 70–80. doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100223. PMID 17495877. S2CID 41443542.
Pu R, Coleman J, Coisman J, Sato E, Tanabe T, Arai M, Yamamoto JK (February 2005). "Dual-subtype FIV vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV) protection against a heterologous subtype B FIV isolate". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 7 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2004.08.005. PMC 10911555. PMID 15686976. S2CID 26525327.
Dryden MW, Payne PA (2005). "Preventing parasites in cats". Veterinary Therapeutics. 6 (3): 260–7. PMID 16299672.
Guela C, Wu CK, Saroff D, Lorenzo A, Yuan M, Yankner BA (July 1998). "Aging renders the brain vulnerable to amyloid β-protein neurotoxicity". Nature Medicine. 4 (7): 827–831. doi:10.1038/nm0798-827. PMID 9662375. S2CID 45108486.
Jameson BA, McDonnell JM, Marini JC, Korngold R (April 1994). "A rationally designed CD4 analogue inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis". Nature. 368 (6473): 744–746. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..744J. doi:10.1038/368744a0. PMID 8152486. S2CID 4370797.
Lyuksyutova AL, Lu C-C MN, Milanesio N, King LA, Guo N, Wang Y, Nathans J, Tessier-Lavigne M, et al. (2003). "Anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons by Wnt-Frizzled signaling". Science. 302 (5652): 1984–8. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1984L. doi:10.1126/science.1089610. PMID 14671310. S2CID 39309990.
Taylor K, Alvarez LR (2019). "An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 47 (5–6). SAGE Publications: 196–213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 32090616. S2CID 211261775.
Festing S, Wilkinson R (June 2007). "The ethics of animal research. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research". EMBO Reports. 8 (6): 526–530. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400993. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 2002542. PMID 17545991.
Reddy N, Lynch B, Gujral J, Karnik K (September 2023). "Regulatory landscape of alternatives to animal testing in food safety evaluations with a focus on the western world". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 143: 105470. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105470. ISSN 1096-0295. PMID 37591329. S2CID 260938742.
Petetta F, Ciccocioppo R (November 2021). "Public perception of laboratory animal testing: Historical, philosophical, and ethical view". Addiction Biology. 26 (6): e12991. doi:10.1111/adb.12991. ISSN 1369-1600. PMC 9252265. PMID 33331099.
Low LA, Mummery C, Berridge BR, Austin CP, Tagle DA (May 2021). "Organs-on-chips: into the next decade". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 20 (5): 345–361. doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0079-3. hdl:1887/3151779. ISSN 1474-1784. PMID 32913334. S2CID 221621465.
Löwa A, Jevtić M, Gorreja F, Hedtrich S (May 2018). "Alternatives to animal testing in basic and preclinical research of atopic dermatitis". Experimental Dermatology. 27 (5): 476–483. doi:10.1111/exd.13498. ISSN 1600-0625. PMID 29356091. S2CID 3378256.
Madden JC, Enoch SJ, Paini A, Cronin MT (July 2020). "A Review of In Silico Tools as Alternatives to Animal Testing: Principles, Resources and Applications". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 48 (4): 146–172. doi:10.1177/0261192920965977. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 33119417. S2CID 226204296.
Reddy N, Lynch B, Gujral J, Karnik K (September 2023). "Alternatives to animal testing in toxicity testing: Current status and future perspectives in food safety assessments". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 179: 113944. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113944. ISSN 1873-6351. PMID 37453475. S2CID 259915886.
Paixão RL, Schramm FR (1999). "Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated?". Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 15 (Suppl 1): 99–110. doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500011. PMID 10089552.
Abdel-Halim RE (2005). "Contributions of Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) to the progress of surgery: a study and translations from his book Al-Taisir". Saudi Medical Journal. 26 (9): 1333–39. PMID 16155644.
Abdel-Halim RE (2006). "Contributions of Muhadhdhab Al-Deen Al-Baghdadi to the progress of medicine and urology. A study and translations from his book Al-Mukhtar". Saudi Medical Journal. 27 (11): 1631–41. PMID 17106533.
Mock M, Fouet A (2001). "Anthrax". Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 55: 647–71. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.647. PMID 11544370.
Windholz G (1987). "Pavlov as a psychologist. A reappraisal". Pavlovian J. Biol. Sci. 22 (3): 103–12. doi:10.1007/BF02734662. PMID 3309839. S2CID 141344843.
Steensma DP, Kyle Robert A., Shampo Marc A. (November 2010). "Abbie Lathrop, the "Mouse Woman of Granby": Rodent Fancier and Accidental Genetics Pioneer". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (11): e83. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0647. PMC 2966381. PMID 21061734.
Gorden P (1997). "Non-insulin dependent diabetes – the past, present and future". Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. 26 (3): 326–30. PMID 9285027.
Walgate R (1981). "Armadillos fight leprosy". Nature. 291 (5816): 527. Bibcode:1981Natur.291..527W. doi:10.1038/291527a0. PMID 7242665.
Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL, Truman RW, Williams DL (2006). "The Continuing Challenges of Leprosy". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19 (2): 338–81. doi:10.1128/CMR.19.2.338-381.2006. PMC 1471987. PMID 16614253.
Jaenisch R, Mintz B (1974). "Simian Virus 40 DNA Sequences in DNA of Healthy Adult Mice Derived from Preimplantation Blastocysts Injected with Viral DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (4): 1250–54. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.1250J. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.4.1250. PMC 388203. PMID 4364530.
Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KH (1997). "Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells". Nature. 385 (6619): 810–13. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..810W. doi:10.1038/385810a0. PMID 9039911. S2CID 4260518.
Antoshechkin I, Sternberg PW (2007). "The versatile worm: genetic and genomic resources for Caenorhabditis elegans research". Nature Reviews Genetics. 8 (7): 518–32. doi:10.1038/nrg2105. PMID 17549065. S2CID 12923468.
Matthews KA, Kaufman TC, Gelbart WM (2005). "Research resources for Drosophila: the expanding universe". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (3): 179–93. doi:10.1038/nrg1554. PMID 15738962. S2CID 31002250.
Schulenburg H, Kurz CL, Ewbank JJ (2004). "Evolution of the innate immune system: the worm perspective". Immunological Reviews. 198: 36–58. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0125.x. PMID 15199953. S2CID 21541043.
Leclerc V, Reichhart JM (2004). "The immune response of Drosophila melanogaster". Immunological Reviews. 198: 59–71. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0130.x. PMID 15199954. S2CID 7395057.
Mylonakis E, Aballay A (2005). "Worms and flies as genetically tractable animal models to study host-pathogen interactions". Infection and Immunity. 73 (7): 3833–41. doi:10.1128/IAI.73.7.3833-3841.2005. PMC 1168613. PMID 15972468.
Kavanagh K, Reeves EP (2004). "Exploiting the potential of insects for in vivo pathogenicity testing of microbial pathogens". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 28 (1): 101–12. doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2003.09.002. PMID 14975532.
Antunes LC, Imperi F, Carattoli A, Visca P (2011). Adler B (ed.). "Deciphering the Multifactorial Nature of Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenicity". PLOS ONE. 6 (8): e22674. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622674A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022674. PMC 3148234. PMID 21829642.
Aperis G, Fuchs BB, Anderson CA, Warner JE, Calderwood SB, Mylonakis E (2007). "Galleria mellonella as a model host to study infection by the Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain". Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur. 9 (6): 729–34. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.02.016. PMC 1974785. PMID 17400503.
Waterfield NR, Sanchez-Contreras M, Eleftherianos I, Dowling A, Yang G, Wilkinson P, Parkhill J, Thomson N, Reynolds SE, Bode HB, Dorus S, Ffrench-Constant RH (2008). "Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA): Identification of virulence factors using a bacterial genome library and multiple invertebrate hosts". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (41): 15967–72. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10515967W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711114105. PMC 2572985. PMID 18838673.
Trull FL (1999). "More Regulation of Rodents". Science. 284 (5419): 1463. Bibcode:1999Sci...284.1463T. doi:10.1126/science.284.5419.1463. PMID 10383321. S2CID 10122407.
Rosenthal N, Brown S (2007). "The mouse ascending: perspectives for human-disease models". Nature Cell Biology. 9 (9): 993–99. doi:10.1038/ncb437. PMID 17762889. S2CID 4472227.
Aitman TJ, Critser JK, Cuppen E, Dominiczak A, Fernandez-Suarez XM, Flint J, Gauguier D, Geurts AM, Gould M, Harris PC, Holmdahl R, Hubner N, Izsvák Z, Jacob HJ, Kuramoto T, Kwitek AE, Marrone A, Mashimo T, Moreno C, Mullins J, Mullins L, Olsson T, Pravenec M, Riley L, Saar K, Serikawa T, Shull JD, Szpirer C, Twigger SN, Voigt B, Worley K (2008). "Progress and prospects in rat genetics: a community view". Nature Genetics. 40 (5): 516–22. doi:10.1038/ng.147. PMID 18443588. S2CID 22522876.
Taylor K, Alvarez LR (November 2019). "An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 47 (5–6): 196–213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 32090616. S2CID 211261775.
Smith D, Broadhead C, Descotes G, Fosse R, Hack R, Krauser K, Pfister R, Phillips B, Rabemampianina Y, Sanders J, Sparrow S, Stephan-Gueldner M, Jacobsen SD (2002). "Preclinical Safety Evaluation Using Nonrodent Species: An Industry/ Welfare Project to Minimize Dog Use". ILAR. 43 Suppl: S39-42. doi:10.1093/ilar.43.Suppl_1.S39. PMID 12388850.
Quianzon CC, Cheikh I (16 July 2012). "History of insulin". Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2 (2): 18701. doi:10.3402/jchimp.v2i2.18701. ISSN 2000-9666. PMC 3714061. PMID 23882369.
Li Z, Zheng W, Wang H, Cheng Y, Fang Y, Wu F, Sun G, Sun G, Lv C, Hui B (15 March 2021). "Application of Animal Models in Cancer Research: Recent Progress and Future Prospects". Cancer Management and Research. 13: 2455–2475. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S302565. ISSN 1179-1322. PMC 7979343. PMID 33758544.
Workman P, Aboagye EO, Balkwill F, Balmain A, Bruder G, Chaplin DJ, Double JA, Everitt J, Farningham Da, Glennie MJ, Kelland LR (25 May 2010). "Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research". British Journal of Cancer. 102 (11): 1555–1577. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605642. ISSN 1532-1827. PMC 2883160. PMID 20502460.
Tsering J, Hu X (2018). "Triphala Suppresses Growth and Migration of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model". BioMed Research International. 2018: 7046927. doi:10.1155/2018/7046927. ISSN 2314-6141. PMC 6311269. PMID 30643816.
Lutz C, Well A, Novak M (2003). "Stereotypic and Self-Injurious Behavior in Rhesus Macaques: A Survey and Retrospective Analysis of Environment and Early Experience". American Journal of Primatology. 60 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1002/ajp.10075. PMID 12766938. S2CID 19980505.
Chan AW, Chong KY, Martinovich C, Simerly C, Schatten G (2001). "Transgenic monkeys produced by retroviral gene transfer into mature oocytes". Science. 291 (5502): 309–12. Bibcode:2001Sci...291..309C. doi:10.1126/science.291.5502.309. PMID 11209082.
Yang SH, Cheng PH, Banta H, Piotrowska-Nitsche K, Yang JJ, Cheng EC, Snyder B, Larkin K, Liu J, Orkin J, Fang ZH, Smith Y, Bachevalier J, Zola SM, Li SH, Li XJ, Chan AW (2008). "Towards a transgenic model of Huntington's disease in a non-human primate". Nature. 453 (7197): 921–24. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..921Y. doi:10.1038/nature06975. PMC 2652570. PMID 18488016.
Emborg ME (2007). "Nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease". ILAR Journal. 48 (4): 339–55. doi:10.1093/ilar.48.4.339. PMID 17712221.
Hansen L, Goodman J, Chandna A (2012). "Analysis of animal research ethics committee membership at American institutions". Animals. 2 (1): 68–75. doi:10.3390/ani2010068. PMC 4494267. PMID 26486777.
Plous S, Herzog H (2001). "Animal Research: Reliability of Protocol Reviews for Animal Research". Science. 293 (5530): 608–09. doi:10.1126/science.1061621. PMID 11474086. S2CID 33314019.
Marshall LJ, Bailey J, Cassotta M, Herrmann K, Pistollato F (March 2023). "Poor Translatability of Biomedical Research Using Animals - A Narrative Review". Altern Lab Anim. 51 (2): 102–135. doi:10.1177/02611929231157756. PMID 36883244.
Taylor K, Gordon N, Langley G, Higgins W (2008). "Estimates for worldwide laboratory animal use in 2005". ATLA. 36 (3): 327–42. doi:10.1177/026119290803600310. PMID 18662096. S2CID 196613886.
Goodman J, Chandna A, Roe K (2015). "Trends in animal use at US research facilities". Journal of Medical Ethics. 41 (7): 567–69. doi:10.1136/medethics-2014-102404. PMID 25717142. S2CID 46187262. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Badyal D., Desai C. (2014). "Animal use in pharmacology education and research: The changing scenario". Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 46 (3): 257–65. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.132153. PMC 4071700. PMID 24987170.
Kong Q, Qin C (2009). "Analysis of current laboratory animal science policies and administration in China". ILAR. 51 (1): e1 – e11. doi:10.1093/ilar.51.1.e1. PMID 20075493.
Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247. S2CID 18872015.
Duncan IJ, Petherick JC (1991). "The implications of cognitive processes for animal welfare". Journal of Animal Science. 69 (12): 5017–22. doi:10.2527/1991.69125017x. PMID 1808195.
Curtis SE, Stricklin WR (1991). "The importance of animal cognition in agricultural animal production systems: an overview". Journal of Animal Science. 69 (12): 5001–07. doi:10.2527/1991.69125001x. PMID 1808193.
Griffin DR, Speck GB (2004). "New evidence of animal consciousness". Animal Cognition. 7 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0203-x. PMID 14658059. S2CID 8650837.
Allen C (1998). "Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives". Journal of Animal Science. 76 (1): 42–47. doi:10.2527/1998.76142x. PMID 9464883.
Klabukov I, Shestakova V, Krasilnikova O, Smirnova A, Abramova O, Baranovskii D, Atiakshin D, Kostin AA, Shegay P, Kaprin AD (2023). "Refinement of Animal Experiments: Replacing Traumatic Methods of Laboratory Animal Marking with Non-Invasive Alternatives". Animals. 13 (22): 3452. doi:10.3390/ani13223452. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 10668729. PMID 38003070.
Devolder K, Eggel M (2019). "No Pain, No Gain? In Defence of Genetically Disenhancing (Most) Research Animals". Animals. 9 (4): 154. doi:10.3390/ani9040154. PMC 6523187. PMID 30970545.
Flecknell P (2002). "Replacement, reduction and refinement". ALTEX. 19 (2): 73–78. PMID 12098013.
Close B, Banister K, Baumans V, Bernoth EM, Bromage N, Bunyan J, Erhardt W, Flecknell P, Gregory N, Hackbarth H, Morton D, Warwick C (1996). "Recommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 1". Laboratory Animals. 30 (4): 293–316 (295). doi:10.1258/002367796780739871. PMID 8938617.
Diaz SL (2020). "Conducting and reporting animal experimentation: Quo vadis?". European Journal of Neuroscience. 52 (6): 3493–3498. doi:10.1111/ejn.14091. hdl:11336/88084. ISSN 0953-816X. PMID 30058230. S2CID 51865025.
Job CK (2003). "Nine-banded armadillo and leprosy research". Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology. 46 (4): 541–50. PMID 15025339.
Venken KJ, Bellen HJ (2005). "Emerging technologies for gene manipulation in Drosophila melanogaster". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (3): 167–78. doi:10.1038/nrg1553. PMID 15738961. S2CID 21184903.
Sung YH, Song J, Lee HW (2004). "Functional genomics approach using mice". Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 37 (1): 122–32. doi:10.5483/BMBRep.2004.37.1.122. PMID 14761310.
Janies D, DeSalle R (1999). "Development, evolution, and corroboration". The Anatomical Record. 257 (1): 6–14. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(19990215)257:1<6::AID-AR4>3.0.CO;2-I. PMID 10333399. S2CID 23492348.
Akam M (1995). "Hox genes and the evolution of diverse body plans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 349 (1329): 313–19. Bibcode:1995RSPTB.349..313A. doi:10.1098/rstb.1995.0119. PMID 8577843.
Prasad BC, Reed RR (1999). "Chemosensation: Molecular mechanisms in worms and mammals". Trends in Genetics. 15 (4): 150–53. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(99)01695-9. PMID 10203825.
Schafer WR (2006). "Neurophysiological methods in C. elegans: an introduction". WormBook: 1–4. doi:10.1895/wormbook.1.113.1. PMC 4780964. PMID 18050439.
Peichel CL (2005). "Fishing for the secrets of vertebrate evolution in threespine sticklebacks". Developmental Dynamics. 234 (4): 815–23. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20564. PMID 16252286.
Peichel CL, Nereng KS, Ohgi KA, Cole BL, Colosimo PF, Buerkle CA, Schluter D, Kingsley DM (2001). "The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species" (PDF). Nature. 414 (6866): 901–05. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..901P. doi:10.1038/414901a. PMID 11780061. S2CID 4304296.
Ramaswamy S, McBride JL, Kordower JH (2007). "Animal models of Huntington's disease". ILAR Journal. 48 (4): 356–73. doi:10.1093/ilar.48.4.356. PMID 17712222.
Rees DA, Alcolado JC (2005). "Animal models of diabetes mellitus". Diabetic Medicine. 22 (4): 359–70. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01499.x. PMID 15787657.
Iwakuma T, Lozano G (2007). "Crippling p53 activities via knock-in mutations in mouse models". Oncogene. 26 (15): 2177–84. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210278. PMID 17401426.
Frese KK, Tuveson DA (2007). "Maximizing mouse cancer models". Nature Reviews Cancer. 7 (9): 645–58. doi:10.1038/nrc2192. PMID 17687385. S2CID 6490409.
Dunham SP (2006). "Lessons from the cat: development of vaccines against lentiviruses". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 112 (1–2): 67–77. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.013. PMID 16678276.
Vail DM, MacEwen EG (2000). "Spontaneously occurring tumors of companion animals as models for human cancer". Cancer Investigation. 18 (8): 781–92. doi:10.3109/07357900009012210. PMID 11107448. S2CID 32489790.
Tolwani RJ, Jakowec MW, Petzinger GM, Green S, Waggie K (1999). "Experimental models of Parkinson's disease: insights from many models". Laboratory Animal Science. 49 (4): 363–71. PMID 10480640.
Pound P, Ebrahim S, Sandercock P, Bracken MB, Roberts I (2004). "Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?". BMJ. 328 (7438). Reviewing Animal Trials Systematically (RATS) Group: 514–47. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514. PMC 351856. PMID 14988196.
Platt JL, Lin SS (1998). "The future promises of xenotransplantation". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 862 (1): 5–18. Bibcode:1998NYASA.862....5P. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09112.x. PMID 9928201. S2CID 72941995.
Schuurman HJ, Pierson RN (2008). "Progress towards clinical xenotransplantation". Frontiers in Bioscience. 13 (13): 204–20. doi:10.2741/2671. PMID 17981539.
Valdés-González RA, Dorantes LM, Garibay GN, Bracho-Blanchet E, Mendez AJ, Dávila-Pérez R, Elliott RB, Terán L, White DJ (2005). "Xenotransplantation of porcine neonatal islets of Langerhans and Sertoli cells: a 4-year study". European Journal of Endocrinology. 153 (3): 419–27. doi:10.1530/eje.1.01982. PMID 16131605.
Valdés-González RA, White DJ, Dorantes LM, Terán L, Garibay-Nieto GN, Bracho-Blanchet E, Dávila-Pérez R, Evia-Viscarra L, Ormsby CE, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Silva-Torres ML, Ramírez-González B (2007). "Three-yr follow-up of a type 1 diabetes mellitus patient with an islet xenotransplant". Clinical Transplantation. 21 (3): 352–57. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2007.00648.x. PMID 17488384. S2CID 22668776.
Abbott A (2005). "Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change" (PDF). Nature. 438 (7065): 144–46. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..144A. doi:10.1038/438144a. PMID 16281001. S2CID 4422086. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.
Watkins JB (1989). "Exposure of rats to inhalational anesthetics alters the hepatobiliary clearance of cholephilic xenobiotics". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 250 (2): 421–27. PMID 2760837.
Watt JA, Dickinson RG (1990). "The effect of diethyl ether, pentobarbitone and urethane anaesthesia on diflunisal conjugation and disposition in rats". Xenobiotica. 20 (3): 289–301. doi:10.3109/00498259009046848. PMID 2336839.
Walum E (1998). "Acute oral toxicity". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 2): 497–503. doi:10.2307/3433801. JSTOR 3433801. PMC 1533392. PMID 9599698.
Wilhelmus KR (2001). "The Draize eye test". Survey of Ophthalmology. 45 (6): 493–515. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(01)00211-9. PMID 11425356.
Secchi A, Deligianni V (2006). "Ocular toxicology: the Draize eye test". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 6 (5): 367–72. doi:10.1097/01.all.0000244798.26110.00. PMID 16954791. S2CID 24972694.
Hartung T (2009). "Toxicology for the twenty-first century". Nature. 460 (7252): 208–12. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..208H. doi:10.1038/460208a. PMID 19587762. S2CID 851143.
Smith LL (2001). "Key challenges for toxicologists in the 21st century". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 22 (6): 281–85. doi:10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01714-4. PMID 11395155.
Brown SL, Brett SM, Gough M, Rodricks JV, Tardiff RG, Turnbull D (1988). "Review of interspecies risk comparisons". Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 8 (2): 191–206. doi:10.1016/0273-2300(88)90028-1. PMID 3051142.
Burden N, Sewell F, Chapman K (2015). "Testing Chemical Safety: What Is Needed to Ensure the Widespread Application of Non-animal Approaches?". PLOS Biol. 13 (5): e1002156. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002156. PMC 4446337. PMID 26018957.
Moczko E, Mirkes EM, Cáceres C, Gorban AN, Piletsky S (2016). "Fluorescence-based assay as a new screening tool for toxic chemicals". Scientific Reports. 6: 33922. Bibcode:2016NatSR...633922M. doi:10.1038/srep33922. PMC 5031998. PMID 27653274.
Patronek G, Rauch A (1 January 2007). "Systematic review of comparative studies examining alternatives to the harmful use of animals in biomedical education". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 230 (1): 37–43. doi:10.2460/javma.230.1.37. PMID 17199490.
Rollin BE (2006). "The regulation of animal research and the emergence of animal ethics: A conceptual history" (PDF). Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. 27 (4): 285–304. doi:10.1007/s11017-006-9007-8. PMID 16937023. S2CID 18620094. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
Bebarta V, Luyten D, Heard K (2003). "Emergency medicine animal research: does use of randomization and blinding affect the results?". Academic Emergency Medicine. 10 (6): 684–87. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00056.x. PMID 12782533.
Macleod MR, van der Worp HB, Sena ES, Howells DW, Dirnagl U, Donnan GA (2008). "Evidence for the efficacy of NXY-059 in experimental focal cerebral ischaemia is confounded by study quality". Stroke. 39 (10): 2824–29. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.515957. PMID 18635842.
Sena E, Wheble P, Sandercock P, Macleod M (2007). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of tirilazad in experimental stroke". Stroke. 38 (2): 388–94. doi:10.1161/01.str.0000254462.75851.22. PMID 17204689.
Hirst JA, Howick J, Aronson J, Roberts N, Perera R, Koshiaris C, Heneghan C (2014). "The Need for Randomization in Animal Trials: An Overview of Systematic Reviews". PLOS ONE. 9 (6): e98856. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998856H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098856. PMC 4048216. PMID 24906117.
Van der Worp B, Sena E, Porritt M, Rewell S, O'Collins V, Macleod MR (2010). "Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?". PLOS Med. 7 (3): e1000245. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245. PMC 2846855. PMID 20361020.
Gagneux P, Moore JJ, Varki A (2005). "The ethics of research on great apes". Nature. 437 (7055): 27–29. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...27G. doi:10.1038/437027a. PMID 16136111. S2CID 11500691.
Vermij P (2003). "Europe's last research chimps to retire". Nature Medicine. 9 (8): 981. doi:10.1038/nm0803-981b. PMID 12894144. S2CID 9892510.
Huxley AF, Simmons RM (1971). "Proposed Mechanism of Force Generation in Striated Muscle". Nature. 233 (5321): 533–38. Bibcode:1971Natur.233..533H. doi:10.1038/233533a0. PMID 4939977. S2CID 26159256.
Gordon AM, Huxley AF, Julian FJ (1966). "The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres". The Journal of Physiology. 184 (1): 170–92. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007909. PMC 1357553. PMID 5921536.
Ford LE, Huxley AF, Simmons RM (1985). "Tension transients during steady shortening of frog muscle fibres". The Journal of Physiology. 361 (1): 131–50. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015637. PMC 1192851. PMID 3872938.
Lutz GJ, Lieber RL (2000). "Myosin isoforms in anuran skeletal muscle: Their influence on contractile properties and in vivo muscle function". Microscopy Research and Technique. 50 (6): 443–57. doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20000915)50:6<443::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 10998635. S2CID 3477585.
Holden C (1986). "A pivotal year for lab animal welfare". Science. 232 (4747): 147–50. Bibcode:1986Sci...232..147H. doi:10.1126/science.3952503. PMID 3952503.
Huggett B (2008). "When animal rights turns ugly". Nature Biotechnology. 26 (6): 603–05. doi:10.1038/nbt0608-603. PMID 18536673. S2CID 8006958.
Malone BJ, Kumar VR, Ringach DL (2007). "Dynamics of Receptive Field Size in Primary Visual Cortex". Journal of Neurophysiology. 97 (1): 407–14. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.133.3969. doi:10.1152/jn.00830.2006. PMID 17021020.
Knight A (May 2008). "Systematic reviews of animal experiments demonstrate poor contributions toward human healthcare". Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials. 3 (2): 89–96. doi:10.2174/157488708784223844. ISSN 1574-8871. PMID 18474018.
Greek R, Menache A (11 January 2013). "Systematic Reviews of Animal Models: Methodology versus Epistemology". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 10 (3): 206–21. doi:10.7150/ijms.5529. ISSN 1449-1907. PMC 3558708. PMID 23372426.
Bracken MB (1 March 2009). "Why animal studies are often poor predictors of human reactions to exposure". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 102 (3): 120–22. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k033. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 2746847. PMID 19297654.
Pound P, Ebrahim S, Sandercock P, Bracken MB, Roberts I (28 February 2004). "Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 328 (7438): 514–17. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 351856. PMID 14988196.
Perel P, Roberts I, Sena E, Wheble P, Briscoe C, Sandercock P, Macleod M, Mignini LE, Jayaram P, Khan KS (25 January 2007). "Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review". BMJ. 334 (7586): 197. doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.BE. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1781970. PMID 17175568.
Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Altman DG (5 February 2002). "The Landscape and Lexicon of Blinding in Randomized Trials". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (3): 254–59. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00022. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 11827510. S2CID 34932997.
Triunfol M, Gouveia FC (15 June 2021). Bero L (ed.). "What's not in the news headlines or titles of Alzheimer disease articles? #InMice". PLOS Biology. 19 (6): e3001260. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001260. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 8205157. PMID 34129637.
Nicoll CS (1991). "A Physiologist's Views on the Animal Rights/Liberation Movement". The Physiologist. 34 (6): 303, 306–08, 315. PMID 1775539.
Kolar R (2002). "ECVAM: desperately needed or superfluous? An animal welfare perspective". Altern Lab Anim. 30 (Suppl 2): 169–74. doi:10.1177/026119290203002S26. PMID 12513669.
Schuppli CA, Fraser D, McDonald M (2004). "Expanding the three Rs to meet new challenges in humane animal experimentation". Altern Lab Anim. 32 (5): 525–32. doi:10.1177/026119290403200507. PMID 15656775. S2CID 25015151.
Rusche B (2003). "The 3Rs and animal welfare – conflict or the way forward?". ALTEX. 20 (Suppl 1): 63–76. PMID 14671703.
Alexander FA, Eggert S, Wiest J (February 2018). "Skin-on-a-Chip: Transepithelial Electrical Resistance and Extracellular Acidification Measurements through an Automated Air-Liquid Interface". Genes. 9 (2): 114. doi:10.3390/genes9020114. PMC 5852610. PMID 29466319.
Watts G (27 January 2007). "Alternatives to animal experimentation". BMJ. 334 (7586): 182–84. doi:10.1136/bmj.39058.469491.68. PMC 1782004. PMID 17255608.
Edelman L, Eddy J, Price N (July–August 2010). "In silico models of cancer". Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2 (4): 438–59. doi:10.1002/wsbm.75. PMC 3157287. PMID 20836040.
Jiang J, Liu B, Nasca PC, Han W, Zou X, Zeng X, Tian X, Wu Y, Zhao P, Li J (2009). "Comparative study of control selection in a national population -based case-control study: Estimating risk of smoking on cancer deaths in Chinese men". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 6 (6): 329–37. doi:10.7150/ijms.6.329. PMC 2777271. PMID 19918375.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hajar R (2011). "Animal Testing and Medicine". Heart Views. 12 (1): 42. doi:10.4103/1995-705X.81548. ISSN 1995-705X. PMC 3123518. PMID 21731811.
Pu R, Coleman J, Coisman J, Sato E, Tanabe T, Arai M, Yamamoto JK (February 2005). "Dual-subtype FIV vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV) protection against a heterologous subtype B FIV isolate". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 7 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2004.08.005. PMC 10911555. PMID 15686976. S2CID 26525327.
Festing S, Wilkinson R (June 2007). "The ethics of animal research. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research". EMBO Reports. 8 (6): 526–530. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400993. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 2002542. PMID 17545991.
Petetta F, Ciccocioppo R (November 2021). "Public perception of laboratory animal testing: Historical, philosophical, and ethical view". Addiction Biology. 26 (6): e12991. doi:10.1111/adb.12991. ISSN 1369-1600. PMC 9252265. PMID 33331099.
Steensma DP, Kyle Robert A., Shampo Marc A. (November 2010). "Abbie Lathrop, the "Mouse Woman of Granby": Rodent Fancier and Accidental Genetics Pioneer". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (11): e83. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0647. PMC 2966381. PMID 21061734.
Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL, Truman RW, Williams DL (2006). "The Continuing Challenges of Leprosy". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19 (2): 338–81. doi:10.1128/CMR.19.2.338-381.2006. PMC 1471987. PMID 16614253.
Jaenisch R, Mintz B (1974). "Simian Virus 40 DNA Sequences in DNA of Healthy Adult Mice Derived from Preimplantation Blastocysts Injected with Viral DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (4): 1250–54. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.1250J. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.4.1250. PMC 388203. PMID 4364530.
Mylonakis E, Aballay A (2005). "Worms and flies as genetically tractable animal models to study host-pathogen interactions". Infection and Immunity. 73 (7): 3833–41. doi:10.1128/IAI.73.7.3833-3841.2005. PMC 1168613. PMID 15972468.
Antunes LC, Imperi F, Carattoli A, Visca P (2011). Adler B (ed.). "Deciphering the Multifactorial Nature of Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenicity". PLOS ONE. 6 (8): e22674. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622674A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022674. PMC 3148234. PMID 21829642.
Aperis G, Fuchs BB, Anderson CA, Warner JE, Calderwood SB, Mylonakis E (2007). "Galleria mellonella as a model host to study infection by the Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain". Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur. 9 (6): 729–34. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.02.016. PMC 1974785. PMID 17400503.
Waterfield NR, Sanchez-Contreras M, Eleftherianos I, Dowling A, Yang G, Wilkinson P, Parkhill J, Thomson N, Reynolds SE, Bode HB, Dorus S, Ffrench-Constant RH (2008). "Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA): Identification of virulence factors using a bacterial genome library and multiple invertebrate hosts". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (41): 15967–72. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10515967W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711114105. PMC 2572985. PMID 18838673.
Quianzon CC, Cheikh I (16 July 2012). "History of insulin". Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2 (2): 18701. doi:10.3402/jchimp.v2i2.18701. ISSN 2000-9666. PMC 3714061. PMID 23882369.
Li Z, Zheng W, Wang H, Cheng Y, Fang Y, Wu F, Sun G, Sun G, Lv C, Hui B (15 March 2021). "Application of Animal Models in Cancer Research: Recent Progress and Future Prospects". Cancer Management and Research. 13: 2455–2475. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S302565. ISSN 1179-1322. PMC 7979343. PMID 33758544.
Workman P, Aboagye EO, Balkwill F, Balmain A, Bruder G, Chaplin DJ, Double JA, Everitt J, Farningham Da, Glennie MJ, Kelland LR (25 May 2010). "Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research". British Journal of Cancer. 102 (11): 1555–1577. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605642. ISSN 1532-1827. PMC 2883160. PMID 20502460.
Tsering J, Hu X (2018). "Triphala Suppresses Growth and Migration of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model". BioMed Research International. 2018: 7046927. doi:10.1155/2018/7046927. ISSN 2314-6141. PMC 6311269. PMID 30643816.
Yang SH, Cheng PH, Banta H, Piotrowska-Nitsche K, Yang JJ, Cheng EC, Snyder B, Larkin K, Liu J, Orkin J, Fang ZH, Smith Y, Bachevalier J, Zola SM, Li SH, Li XJ, Chan AW (2008). "Towards a transgenic model of Huntington's disease in a non-human primate". Nature. 453 (7197): 921–24. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..921Y. doi:10.1038/nature06975. PMC 2652570. PMID 18488016.
Hansen L, Goodman J, Chandna A (2012). "Analysis of animal research ethics committee membership at American institutions". Animals. 2 (1): 68–75. doi:10.3390/ani2010068. PMC 4494267. PMID 26486777.
Badyal D., Desai C. (2014). "Animal use in pharmacology education and research: The changing scenario". Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 46 (3): 257–65. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.132153. PMC 4071700. PMID 24987170.
Klabukov I, Shestakova V, Krasilnikova O, Smirnova A, Abramova O, Baranovskii D, Atiakshin D, Kostin AA, Shegay P, Kaprin AD (2023). "Refinement of Animal Experiments: Replacing Traumatic Methods of Laboratory Animal Marking with Non-Invasive Alternatives". Animals. 13 (22): 3452. doi:10.3390/ani13223452. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 10668729. PMID 38003070.
Devolder K, Eggel M (2019). "No Pain, No Gain? In Defence of Genetically Disenhancing (Most) Research Animals". Animals. 9 (4): 154. doi:10.3390/ani9040154. PMC 6523187. PMID 30970545.
Schafer WR (2006). "Neurophysiological methods in C. elegans: an introduction". WormBook: 1–4. doi:10.1895/wormbook.1.113.1. PMC 4780964. PMID 18050439.
Pound P, Ebrahim S, Sandercock P, Bracken MB, Roberts I (2004). "Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?". BMJ. 328 (7438). Reviewing Animal Trials Systematically (RATS) Group: 514–47. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514. PMC 351856. PMID 14988196.
Walum E (1998). "Acute oral toxicity". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 2): 497–503. doi:10.2307/3433801. JSTOR 3433801. PMC 1533392. PMID 9599698.
Burden N, Sewell F, Chapman K (2015). "Testing Chemical Safety: What Is Needed to Ensure the Widespread Application of Non-animal Approaches?". PLOS Biol. 13 (5): e1002156. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002156. PMC 4446337. PMID 26018957.
Moczko E, Mirkes EM, Cáceres C, Gorban AN, Piletsky S (2016). "Fluorescence-based assay as a new screening tool for toxic chemicals". Scientific Reports. 6: 33922. Bibcode:2016NatSR...633922M. doi:10.1038/srep33922. PMC 5031998. PMID 27653274.
Hirst JA, Howick J, Aronson J, Roberts N, Perera R, Koshiaris C, Heneghan C (2014). "The Need for Randomization in Animal Trials: An Overview of Systematic Reviews". PLOS ONE. 9 (6): e98856. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998856H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098856. PMC 4048216. PMID 24906117.
Van der Worp B, Sena E, Porritt M, Rewell S, O'Collins V, Macleod MR (2010). "Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?". PLOS Med. 7 (3): e1000245. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245. PMC 2846855. PMID 20361020.
Gordon AM, Huxley AF, Julian FJ (1966). "The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres". The Journal of Physiology. 184 (1): 170–92. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007909. PMC 1357553. PMID 5921536.
Ford LE, Huxley AF, Simmons RM (1985). "Tension transients during steady shortening of frog muscle fibres". The Journal of Physiology. 361 (1): 131–50. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015637. PMC 1192851. PMID 3872938.
Greek R, Menache A (11 January 2013). "Systematic Reviews of Animal Models: Methodology versus Epistemology". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 10 (3): 206–21. doi:10.7150/ijms.5529. ISSN 1449-1907. PMC 3558708. PMID 23372426.
Bracken MB (1 March 2009). "Why animal studies are often poor predictors of human reactions to exposure". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 102 (3): 120–22. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k033. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 2746847. PMID 19297654.
Pound P, Ebrahim S, Sandercock P, Bracken MB, Roberts I (28 February 2004). "Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 328 (7438): 514–17. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 351856. PMID 14988196.
Perel P, Roberts I, Sena E, Wheble P, Briscoe C, Sandercock P, Macleod M, Mignini LE, Jayaram P, Khan KS (25 January 2007). "Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review". BMJ. 334 (7586): 197. doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.BE. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1781970. PMID 17175568.
Triunfol M, Gouveia FC (15 June 2021). Bero L (ed.). "What's not in the news headlines or titles of Alzheimer disease articles? #InMice". PLOS Biology. 19 (6): e3001260. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001260. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 8205157. PMID 34129637.
Alexander FA, Eggert S, Wiest J (February 2018). "Skin-on-a-Chip: Transepithelial Electrical Resistance and Extracellular Acidification Measurements through an Automated Air-Liquid Interface". Genes. 9 (2): 114. doi:10.3390/genes9020114. PMC 5852610. PMID 29466319.
Watts G (27 January 2007). "Alternatives to animal experimentation". BMJ. 334 (7586): 182–84. doi:10.1136/bmj.39058.469491.68. PMC 1782004. PMID 17255608.
Edelman L, Eddy J, Price N (July–August 2010). "In silico models of cancer". Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2 (4): 438–59. doi:10.1002/wsbm.75. PMC 3157287. PMID 20836040.
Jiang J, Liu B, Nasca PC, Han W, Zou X, Zeng X, Tian X, Wu Y, Zhao P, Li J (2009). "Comparative study of control selection in a national population -based case-control study: Estimating risk of smoking on cancer deaths in Chinese men". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 6 (6): 329–37. doi:10.7150/ijms.6.329. PMC 2777271. PMID 19918375.

grants.nih.gov

Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. nih.gov

ncrr.nih.gov

Invertebrate Animal Resources Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine. National Center for Research Resources. ncrr.nih.gov

iccvam.niehs.nih.gov

"NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods – NTP". Iccvam.niehs.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

nobelprize.org

"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933". Nobel Web AB. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"Thomas Hunt Morgan and his Legacy". Nobel Web AB. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Bering Nobel Biography

norecopa.no

oslovet.norecopa.no

"The NORINA database of alternatives". Oslovet.norecopa.no. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

nuffieldbioethics.org

"The Ethics of research involving animals" (PDF). Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008.
Chapter 14, Discussion of ethical issues, p . 244 Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine in: The ethics of research involving animals Archived 29 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine at the Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Published 25 May 2005

nytimes.com

St Fleur N (12 June 2015). "U.S. Will Call All Chimps 'Endangered'". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
St Fleur N (12 June 2015). "U.S. Will Call All Chimps 'Endangered'". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Franklin, Ben A. (30 August 1987) "Going to Extremes for 'Animal Rights'", The New York Times.
McNeil D (13 January 2014). "PETA's Donation to Help Save Lives, Animal and Human". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Bernstein F (4 October 2005). "An On-Screen Alternative to Hands-On Dissection". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

oecd.org

"Testing of chemicals – OECD". www.oecd.org. Retrieved 23 May 2022.

official-documents.gov.uk

"Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals, Great Britain" (PDF). British government. 2004. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
""Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals", Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals, Home Office" (PDF). 2004. p. 87.

parkinsonsappeal.com

The History of Deep Brain Stimulation Archived 31 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine. parkinsonsappeal.com

parliament.uk

publications.parliament.uk

""Introduction", Select Committee on Animals in Scientific Procedures Report". UK Parliament. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
"Select Committee on Animals in Scientific Procedures Report", House of Lords, 16 July 2002. See chapter 3: "The purpose and nature of animal experiments." Retrieved 6 July 2010.
"Summary of House of Lords Select Committee on Animals in Scientific Procedures". UK Parliament. 24 July 2002. Retrieved 13 July 2012.

patch.com

Champaco B (15 August 2013). "PETA: Madigan Army Medical Center Has Stopped 'Cruel' Ferret-Testing". Patch. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

pcrm.org

Dalal R, Even M, Sandusky C, Barnard N (August 2005). "Replacement Alternatives in Education: Animal-Free Teaching" (Abstract from Fifth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, Berlin). The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
"Animal Testing and Animal Experimentation Issues | Physicians Committee". Pcrm.org. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

peta.org

"About". Peta.org. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
"Experimenters Fed Puppies' Heads to Infected Flies, but That's Not All Fauci's NIH Funded". 25 October 2021.
"Alternatives to Animal Testing | Animals Used for Experimentation | The Issues". Peta.org. 21 June 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

pewinternet.org

Funk C, Rainie L (29 January 2015). "Public and Scientists' Views on Science and Society". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

post-gazette.com

"Developing a medical milestone: The Salk polio vaccine". Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Virus-typing of polio by Salk
"Tireless polio research effort bears fruit and indignation". Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2008. Salk polio virus

protestitalia.wordpress.com

"Where is the toxicology for the twenty-first century?". Pro-Test Italia. 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2014.

psmag.com

Shine N. "The Battle Over High School Animal Dissection". Pacific Standard. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Malone BJ, Kumar VR, Ringach DL (2007). "Dynamics of Receptive Field Size in Primary Visual Cortex". Journal of Neurophysiology. 97 (1): 407–14. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.133.3969. doi:10.1152/jn.00830.2006. PMID 17021020.

publishing.service.gov.uk

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk

"Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals, Great Britain" (PDF). UK Home Office. 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2018.

rawbw.com

"Horton Corwin Hinshaw". www.rawbw.com. Retrieved 13 May 2025.

reason.com

"U.S. Will No Longer Require Animal Testing for New Drugs". 13 January 2022.

reuters.com

"Cruelty Free International Applauds Congressman Jim Moran for Bill to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals in the United States" (Press release). 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014.

royalsociety.org

Royal Society of Medicine (13 May 2015). "Statement of the Royal Society's position on the use of animals in research". From antibiotics and insulin to blood transfusions and treatments for cancer or HIV, virtually every medical achievement in the past century has depended directly or indirectly on research using animals, including veterinary medicine.
The use of non-human animals in research: a guide for scientists The Royal Society, 2004, p. 1

rug.nl

pure.rug.nl

Liguori, G., et al. (2017). "Ethical Issues in the Use of Animal Models for Tissue Engineering: Reflections on Legal Aspects, Moral Theory, 3Rs Strategies, and Harm-Benefit Analysis" (PDF). Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods. 23 (12): 850–62. doi:10.1089/ten.TEC.2017.0189. PMID 28756735. S2CID 206268293.

science.org

Pulla P (6 August 2014). "Dissections banned in Indian universities". Science. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Kaiser J (26 June 2013). "NIH Will Retire Most Research Chimps, End Many Projects". sciencemag.org. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Liguori, G., et al. (2017). "Ethical Issues in the Use of Animal Models for Tissue Engineering: Reflections on Legal Aspects, Moral Theory, 3Rs Strategies, and Harm-Benefit Analysis" (PDF). Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods. 23 (12): 850–62. doi:10.1089/ten.TEC.2017.0189. PMID 28756735. S2CID 206268293.
Lieschke GJ, Currie PD (May 2007). "Animal models of human disease: zebrafish swim into view". Nature Reviews Genetics. 8 (5): 353–367. doi:10.1038/nrg2091. PMID 17440532. S2CID 13857842. Biomedical research depends on the use of animal models to understand the pathogenesis of human disease at a cellular and molecular level and to provide systems for developing and testing new therapies.
Allmon WD, Ross RM (December 2018). "Evolutionary remnants as widely accessible evidence for evolution: the structure of the argument for application to evolution education". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 11 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/s12052-017-0075-1. S2CID 29281160.
Kari G, Rodeck U, Dicker AP (July 2007). "Zebrafish: An Emerging Model System for Human Disease and Drug Discovery". Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 82 (1): 70–80. doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100223. PMID 17495877. S2CID 41443542.
Pu R, Coleman J, Coisman J, Sato E, Tanabe T, Arai M, Yamamoto JK (February 2005). "Dual-subtype FIV vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV) protection against a heterologous subtype B FIV isolate". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 7 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2004.08.005. PMC 10911555. PMID 15686976. S2CID 26525327.
Guela C, Wu CK, Saroff D, Lorenzo A, Yuan M, Yankner BA (July 1998). "Aging renders the brain vulnerable to amyloid β-protein neurotoxicity". Nature Medicine. 4 (7): 827–831. doi:10.1038/nm0798-827. PMID 9662375. S2CID 45108486.
Jameson BA, McDonnell JM, Marini JC, Korngold R (April 1994). "A rationally designed CD4 analogue inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis". Nature. 368 (6473): 744–746. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..744J. doi:10.1038/368744a0. PMID 8152486. S2CID 4370797.
Lyuksyutova AL, Lu C-C MN, Milanesio N, King LA, Guo N, Wang Y, Nathans J, Tessier-Lavigne M, et al. (2003). "Anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons by Wnt-Frizzled signaling". Science. 302 (5652): 1984–8. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1984L. doi:10.1126/science.1089610. PMID 14671310. S2CID 39309990.
Taylor K, Alvarez LR (2019). "An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 47 (5–6). SAGE Publications: 196–213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 32090616. S2CID 211261775.
Reddy N, Lynch B, Gujral J, Karnik K (September 2023). "Regulatory landscape of alternatives to animal testing in food safety evaluations with a focus on the western world". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 143: 105470. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105470. ISSN 1096-0295. PMID 37591329. S2CID 260938742.
Low LA, Mummery C, Berridge BR, Austin CP, Tagle DA (May 2021). "Organs-on-chips: into the next decade". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 20 (5): 345–361. doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0079-3. hdl:1887/3151779. ISSN 1474-1784. PMID 32913334. S2CID 221621465.
Löwa A, Jevtić M, Gorreja F, Hedtrich S (May 2018). "Alternatives to animal testing in basic and preclinical research of atopic dermatitis". Experimental Dermatology. 27 (5): 476–483. doi:10.1111/exd.13498. ISSN 1600-0625. PMID 29356091. S2CID 3378256.
Madden JC, Enoch SJ, Paini A, Cronin MT (July 2020). "A Review of In Silico Tools as Alternatives to Animal Testing: Principles, Resources and Applications". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 48 (4): 146–172. doi:10.1177/0261192920965977. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 33119417. S2CID 226204296.
Reddy N, Lynch B, Gujral J, Karnik K (September 2023). "Alternatives to animal testing in toxicity testing: Current status and future perspectives in food safety assessments". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 179: 113944. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113944. ISSN 1873-6351. PMID 37453475. S2CID 259915886.
Windholz G (1987). "Pavlov as a psychologist. A reappraisal". Pavlovian J. Biol. Sci. 22 (3): 103–12. doi:10.1007/BF02734662. PMID 3309839. S2CID 141344843.
Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KH (1997). "Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells". Nature. 385 (6619): 810–13. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..810W. doi:10.1038/385810a0. PMID 9039911. S2CID 4260518.
Antoshechkin I, Sternberg PW (2007). "The versatile worm: genetic and genomic resources for Caenorhabditis elegans research". Nature Reviews Genetics. 8 (7): 518–32. doi:10.1038/nrg2105. PMID 17549065. S2CID 12923468.
Matthews KA, Kaufman TC, Gelbart WM (2005). "Research resources for Drosophila: the expanding universe". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (3): 179–93. doi:10.1038/nrg1554. PMID 15738962. S2CID 31002250.
Schulenburg H, Kurz CL, Ewbank JJ (2004). "Evolution of the innate immune system: the worm perspective". Immunological Reviews. 198: 36–58. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0125.x. PMID 15199953. S2CID 21541043.
Leclerc V, Reichhart JM (2004). "The immune response of Drosophila melanogaster". Immunological Reviews. 198: 59–71. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0130.x. PMID 15199954. S2CID 7395057.
Trull FL (1999). "More Regulation of Rodents". Science. 284 (5419): 1463. Bibcode:1999Sci...284.1463T. doi:10.1126/science.284.5419.1463. PMID 10383321. S2CID 10122407.
Rosenthal N, Brown S (2007). "The mouse ascending: perspectives for human-disease models". Nature Cell Biology. 9 (9): 993–99. doi:10.1038/ncb437. PMID 17762889. S2CID 4472227.
Aitman TJ, Critser JK, Cuppen E, Dominiczak A, Fernandez-Suarez XM, Flint J, Gauguier D, Geurts AM, Gould M, Harris PC, Holmdahl R, Hubner N, Izsvák Z, Jacob HJ, Kuramoto T, Kwitek AE, Marrone A, Mashimo T, Moreno C, Mullins J, Mullins L, Olsson T, Pravenec M, Riley L, Saar K, Serikawa T, Shull JD, Szpirer C, Twigger SN, Voigt B, Worley K (2008). "Progress and prospects in rat genetics: a community view". Nature Genetics. 40 (5): 516–22. doi:10.1038/ng.147. PMID 18443588. S2CID 22522876.
Taylor K, Alvarez LR (November 2019). "An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 47 (5–6): 196–213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 32090616. S2CID 211261775.
Lutz C, Well A, Novak M (2003). "Stereotypic and Self-Injurious Behavior in Rhesus Macaques: A Survey and Retrospective Analysis of Environment and Early Experience". American Journal of Primatology. 60 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1002/ajp.10075. PMID 12766938. S2CID 19980505.
Plous S, Herzog H (2001). "Animal Research: Reliability of Protocol Reviews for Animal Research". Science. 293 (5530): 608–09. doi:10.1126/science.1061621. PMID 11474086. S2CID 33314019.
Taylor K, Gordon N, Langley G, Higgins W (2008). "Estimates for worldwide laboratory animal use in 2005". ATLA. 36 (3): 327–42. doi:10.1177/026119290803600310. PMID 18662096. S2CID 196613886.
Goodman J, Chandna A, Roe K (2015). "Trends in animal use at US research facilities". Journal of Medical Ethics. 41 (7): 567–69. doi:10.1136/medethics-2014-102404. PMID 25717142. S2CID 46187262. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247. S2CID 18872015.
Griffin DR, Speck GB (2004). "New evidence of animal consciousness". Animal Cognition. 7 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0203-x. PMID 14658059. S2CID 8650837.
Diaz SL (2020). "Conducting and reporting animal experimentation: Quo vadis?". European Journal of Neuroscience. 52 (6): 3493–3498. doi:10.1111/ejn.14091. hdl:11336/88084. ISSN 0953-816X. PMID 30058230. S2CID 51865025.
Venken KJ, Bellen HJ (2005). "Emerging technologies for gene manipulation in Drosophila melanogaster". Nature Reviews Genetics. 6 (3): 167–78. doi:10.1038/nrg1553. PMID 15738961. S2CID 21184903.
Janies D, DeSalle R (1999). "Development, evolution, and corroboration". The Anatomical Record. 257 (1): 6–14. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(19990215)257:1<6::AID-AR4>3.0.CO;2-I. PMID 10333399. S2CID 23492348.
Peichel CL, Nereng KS, Ohgi KA, Cole BL, Colosimo PF, Buerkle CA, Schluter D, Kingsley DM (2001). "The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species" (PDF). Nature. 414 (6866): 901–05. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..901P. doi:10.1038/414901a. PMID 11780061. S2CID 4304296.
Frese KK, Tuveson DA (2007). "Maximizing mouse cancer models". Nature Reviews Cancer. 7 (9): 645–58. doi:10.1038/nrc2192. PMID 17687385. S2CID 6490409.
Vail DM, MacEwen EG (2000). "Spontaneously occurring tumors of companion animals as models for human cancer". Cancer Investigation. 18 (8): 781–92. doi:10.3109/07357900009012210. PMID 11107448. S2CID 32489790.
Platt JL, Lin SS (1998). "The future promises of xenotransplantation". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 862 (1): 5–18. Bibcode:1998NYASA.862....5P. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09112.x. PMID 9928201. S2CID 72941995.
Valdés-González RA, White DJ, Dorantes LM, Terán L, Garibay-Nieto GN, Bracho-Blanchet E, Dávila-Pérez R, Evia-Viscarra L, Ormsby CE, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Silva-Torres ML, Ramírez-González B (2007). "Three-yr follow-up of a type 1 diabetes mellitus patient with an islet xenotransplant". Clinical Transplantation. 21 (3): 352–57. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2007.00648.x. PMID 17488384. S2CID 22668776.
Abbott A (2005). "Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change" (PDF). Nature. 438 (7065): 144–46. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..144A. doi:10.1038/438144a. PMID 16281001. S2CID 4422086. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.
Secchi A, Deligianni V (2006). "Ocular toxicology: the Draize eye test". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 6 (5): 367–72. doi:10.1097/01.all.0000244798.26110.00. PMID 16954791. S2CID 24972694.
Hartung T (2009). "Toxicology for the twenty-first century". Nature. 460 (7252): 208–12. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..208H. doi:10.1038/460208a. PMID 19587762. S2CID 851143.
Rollin BE (2006). "The regulation of animal research and the emergence of animal ethics: A conceptual history" (PDF). Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. 27 (4): 285–304. doi:10.1007/s11017-006-9007-8. PMID 16937023. S2CID 18620094. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
Gagneux P, Moore JJ, Varki A (2005). "The ethics of research on great apes". Nature. 437 (7055): 27–29. Bibcode:2005Natur.437...27G. doi:10.1038/437027a. PMID 16136111. S2CID 11500691.
Vermij P (2003). "Europe's last research chimps to retire". Nature Medicine. 9 (8): 981. doi:10.1038/nm0803-981b. PMID 12894144. S2CID 9892510.
Huxley AF, Simmons RM (1971). "Proposed Mechanism of Force Generation in Striated Muscle". Nature. 233 (5321): 533–38. Bibcode:1971Natur.233..533H. doi:10.1038/233533a0. PMID 4939977. S2CID 26159256.
Lutz GJ, Lieber RL (2000). "Myosin isoforms in anuran skeletal muscle: Their influence on contractile properties and in vivo muscle function". Microscopy Research and Technique. 50 (6): 443–57. doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20000915)50:6<443::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 10998635. S2CID 3477585.
Huggett B (2008). "When animal rights turns ugly". Nature Biotechnology. 26 (6): 603–05. doi:10.1038/nbt0608-603. PMID 18536673. S2CID 8006958.
Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Altman DG (5 February 2002). "The Landscape and Lexicon of Blinding in Randomized Trials". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (3): 254–59. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00022. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 11827510. S2CID 34932997.
Schuppli CA, Fraser D, McDonald M (2004). "Expanding the three Rs to meet new challenges in humane animal experimentation". Altern Lab Anim. 32 (5): 525–32. doi:10.1177/026119290403200507. PMID 15656775. S2CID 25015151.

si.edu

americanhistory.si.edu

"NMAH | Polio: Two Vaccines". americanhistory.si.edu. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2025.

smallworldtv.co.uk

"It's a dog's life" Archived 8 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Small World Productions (2005). Retrieved 6 July 2010.

speakingofresearch.com

"EU statistics show decline in animal research numbers". Speaking of Research. 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
"USDA Statistics for Animals Used in Research in the US". Speaking of Research. 20 March 2008.
"Germany sees 7% rise in animal research procedures in 2016". Speaking of Research. 6 February 2018.
"France, Italy and the Netherlands publish their 2016 statistics". Speaking of Research. 20 March 2018.
"USDA publishes 2016 animal research statistics – 7% rise in animal use". Speaking of Research. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
"Home Office Statistics for Animals Used in Research in the UK". Speaking of Research. 23 October 2012.
"Rise in animal research in South Korea in 2017". Speaking of Research. 20 April 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2017.

spiegel.de

Evers, Marco. "Resisting the Animal Avengers", Part 1, Part 2, Der Spiegel, 19 November 2007.

splcenter.org

"From push to shove" Archived 22 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Southern Poverty Law Group Intelligence Report, Fall 2002

thebody.com

theguardian.com

McKie R (2 November 2008). "Ban on primate experiments would be devastating, scientists warn". The Observer. London.
Curtis, Polly (11 July 2003). "Home Office under renewed fire in animal rights row", The Guardian.
Osborn, Andrew & Gentleman, Amelia."Secret French move to block animal-testing ban", The Guardian (19 August 2003). Retrieved 27 February 2008.
Laville, Sandra (8 February 2005). "Lab monkeys 'scream with fear' in tests", The Guardian.
Weaver, Matthew. "Animal rights activists jailed for terrorising suppliers to Huntingdon Life Sciences", The Guardian, 25 October 2010.

time.com

newsfeed.time.com

Hamilton, Anita (1 November 2013). "Resistance is Futile: PETA Attempts to Halt the Sale of Remote-Controlled Cyborg Cockroaches". Time. Retrieved 10 November 2013.

ucsd.edu

ethics.ucsd.edu

Abbott A (2005). "Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change" (PDF). Nature. 438 (7065): 144–46. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..144A. doi:10.1038/438144a. PMID 16281001. S2CID 4422086. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.

uib.no

org.uib.no

Rollin BE (2006). "The regulation of animal research and the emergence of animal ethics: A conceptual history" (PDF). Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. 27 (4): 285–304. doi:10.1007/s11017-006-9007-8. PMID 16937023. S2CID 18620094. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2019.

ukcites.gov.uk

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Archived 31 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

umn.edu

ahc.umn.edu

Cooper D (11 June 2017). ""Euthanasia Guidelines", Research animal resources". University of Minnesota.

understandinganimalresearch.org.uk

"History of animal research". www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
"Animal research numbers in 2017". Understanding Animal Research. 2017.

usatoday.com

Brook, Tom Vanden, "Brain Study, Animal Rights Collide", USA Today (7 April 2009), p. 1.

usda.gov

Harden G. "USDA Inspector General Audit Report of APHIS Animal Care Program Inspection and Enforcement Activities" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture Office of Inspector General (Report No. 33601–0001–41). Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Young R (September 2005). "Audit Report: APHIS Animal Care Program Inspection and Enforcement Activities" (PDF). USDA Office of Inspector General Western Region (Report No. 33002–3–SF). Retrieved 7 July 2015.

aphis.usda.gov

"Annual Report Animals" (PDF). Aphis.usda.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2017.

vegansociety.com

George R. "Donald Watson 2002 Unabridged Interview" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2019.

washingtonpost.com

Londoño E (24 February 2013). "Military is required to justify using animals in medic training after pressure from activists". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013.
"Should dogs be guinea pigs in government research? A bipartisan group says no". The Washington Post. 15 November 2016.

web.archive.org

Walter B. Cannon Papers, American Philosophical Society Archived 14 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Discovery of Insulin Archived 30 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Thompson bio ref Archived 2009-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
AIDS Reviews 2005;7:67-83 Antiretroviral Drug Studies in Nonhuman Primates: a Valid Animal Model for Innovative Drug Efficacy and Pathogenesis Experiments Archived 17 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
"Vivisection". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Archived from the original on 1 January 2008.
"Vivisection FAQ" (PDF). British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015.
"History of nonhuman animal research". Laboratory Primate Advocacy Group. Archived from the original on 13 October 2006.
Pillai S. "History of Immunology at Harvard". Harvard Medical School:About us. Harvard Medical School. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
"Developing a medical milestone: The Salk polio vaccine". Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Virus-typing of polio by Salk
"Tireless polio research effort bears fruit and indignation". Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2008. Salk polio virus
"NMAH | Polio: Two Vaccines". americanhistory.si.edu. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
"Taste of Raspberries, Taste of Death. The 1937 Elixir Sulfanilamide Incident". FDA Consumer magazine. June 1981. Archived from the original on 4 June 2009.
Burkholz H (1 September 1997). "Giving Thalidomide a Second Chance". FDA Consumer. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 21 April 1999.
Dog profile^[usurped], The Humane Society of the United States
"U.S. primate import statistics for 2014". International Primate Protection League. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
Conlee KM, Hoffeld EH, Stephens ML (2004). "Demographic Analysis of Primate Research in the United States" (PDF). ATLA. pp. 315–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.
"Annual Report Animals" (PDF). Aphis.usda.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
"Animal Testing and the Law – Animal Legal Defense Fund". Animal Legal Defense Fund. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
Nandi J (27 April 2012). "Scientists take on activists, want ban on live testing on animals lifted". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
Commissioner Oo (10 April 2025). "FDA Announces Plan to Phase Out Animal Testing Requirement for Monoclonal Antibodies and Other Drugs". FDA. Archived from the original on 10 April 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.
"The Ethics of research involving animals" (PDF). Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008.
Russell, W. M. S. (William Moy Stratton), Health JB (1992). The principles of humane experimental technique (Special ed.). South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, England: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. ISBN 0-900767-78-2. OCLC 27347928. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
"2009 CCAC Survey of Animal Use" (PDF). Canadian Council on Animal Care. December 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Invertebrate Animal Resources Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine. National Center for Research Resources. ncrr.nih.gov
"Who's Who of Federal Oversight of Animal Issues". Aesop-project.org. Archived from the original on 22 September 2007.
Class B dealers Archived 29 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Humane Society of the United States.
"Who's Who of Federal Oversight of Animal Issues"^[usurped], Aesop Project.
Notorious Animal Dealer Loses License and Pays Record Fine^[usurped], The Humane Society of the United States
Animal Testing: Where Do the Animals Come From?^[usurped]. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. According to the ASPCA, the following states prohibit shelters from providing animals for research: Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and West Virginia.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Archived 31 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
U.S. Primate Imports Spike^[usurped] International Primate Protection League April 2007
Animal Procedures Committee: review of cost-benefit assessment in the use of animals in research Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine The Animal Procedures Committee, June 2003 p46-7
"AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, June 2007 edition, Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia" (PDF). Avma.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2011.
For example "in addition to providing the chimpanzees with enrichment, the termite mound is also the focal point of a tool-use study being conducted", from the web page of the Lincoln Park Zoo^[usurped]. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
Langley, Gill (2006) next of kin...A report on the use of primates in experiments Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, BUAV.
The History of Deep Brain Stimulation Archived 31 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine. parkinsonsappeal.com
Townsend, Mark (20 April 2003). "Exposed: secrets of the animal organ lab" Archived 6 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian.
Household Product Tests Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine BUAV
Fifth Report on the Statistics on the Number of Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes in the Member States of the European Union^[usurped], Commission of the European Communities, published November 2007
Abbott A (2005). "Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change" (PDF). Nature. 438 (7065): 144–46. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..144A. doi:10.1038/438144a. PMID 16281001. S2CID 4422086. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.
Inter-Governmental Organization Eliminates the LD50 Test^[usurped], The Humane Society of the United States (2003-02-05)
"OECD guideline 405, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
Species Used in Research: Rabbit^[usurped], Humane Society of the United States
Draize rabbit eye test replacement milestone welcomed^[usurped]. Dr Hadwen Trust (2009-09-21)
Stephens, Martin & Rowan, Andrew. An overview of Animal Testing Issues, Humane Society of the United States^[usurped]
"Cosmetics animal testing in the EU". Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
"Cruelty Free International Applauds Congressman Jim Moran for Bill to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals in the United States" (Press release). 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014.
Fox, Stacy (10 March 2014). "Animal Attraction: Federal Bill to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals Introduced in Congress" (Press release). Humane Society of the United States. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014.
"Invertebrates in Education and Conservation Conference | Department of Neuroscience". Neurosci.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
Dalal R, Even M, Sandusky C, Barnard N (August 2005). "Replacement Alternatives in Education: Animal-Free Teaching" (Abstract from Fifth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, Berlin). The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
Londoño E (24 February 2013). "Military is required to justify using animals in medic training after pressure from activists". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013.
Vergakis B (14 February 2014). "Coast Guard reduces use of live animals in training". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Cooper, Sylvia (1 August 1999). "Pets crowd animal shelter" Archived 2 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Augusta Chronicle.
"UK Legislation: A Criticism" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
"FAQs: Vivisection" (PDF). British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
"Biomedical Research: The Humane Society of the United States". Humanesociety.org. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
"Animal Testing and Animal Experimentation Issues | Physicians Committee". Pcrm.org. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
Rollin BE (2006). "The regulation of animal research and the emergence of animal ethics: A conceptual history" (PDF). Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. 27 (4): 285–304. doi:10.1007/s11017-006-9007-8. PMID 16937023. S2CID 18620094. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
Chapter 14, Discussion of ethical issues, p . 244 Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine in: The ethics of research involving animals Archived 29 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine at the Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Published 25 May 2005
George R. "Donald Watson 2002 Unabridged Interview" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2019.
韓国・食薬庁で「実験動物慰霊祭」挙行 Archived 29 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine
"Columbia in animal cruelty dispute"^[usurped], CNN (2003-10-12)
Epstein, David (22 August 2006). Throwing in the Towel Archived 27 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Inside Higher Education
Predators Unleashed^[usurped], Investor's Business Daily (2006-08-24)
McDonald, Patrick Range (8 August 2007). UCLA Monkey Madness^[usurped], LA Weekly.
"It's a dog's life" Archived 8 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Small World Productions (2005). Retrieved 6 July 2010.
"From push to shove" Archived 22 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Southern Poverty Law Group Intelligence Report, Fall 2002
Lewis, John E. "Statement of John Lewis"^[usurped], US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, 26 October 2005, accessed 17 January 2011.
"Animal Experimentation: A Student Guide to Balancing the Issues"^[usurped], Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching (ANZCCART), accessed 12 December 2007, cites original reference in Maehle, A-H. and Tr6hler, U. Animal experimentation from antiquity to the end of the eighteenth century: attitudes and arguments. In N. A. Rupke (ed.) Vivisection in Historical Perspective. Croom Helm, London, 1987, p. 22.
"In sickness and in health: vivisection's undoing"^[usurped], The Daily Telegraph, November 2003
LaFollette, H., Shanks, N., Animal Experimentation: the Legacy of Claude Bernard Archived 10 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, International Studies in the Philosophy of Science (1994) pp. 195–210.
Mason, Peter. The Brown Dog Affair Archived 6 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Two Sevens Publishing, 1997.
Buettinger, Craig (1 January 1993) Antivivisection and the charge of zoophil-psychosis in the early twentieth century.^[usurped] The Historian.
"What are the 3Rs?". NC3Rs. Archived from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
"Microdosing". 3Rs. Canadian Council on Animal Care in Science. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
"NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods – NTP". Iccvam.niehs.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
About JaCVAM-Organization of JaCVAM Archived 11 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Jacvam.jp. Retrieved on 2013-01-21.
EPAA – Home Archived 1 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved on 2013-01-21.

whitecoatwaste.org

"White Coat Waste Project". Retrieved 8 March 2022.

blog.whitecoatwaste.org

"WCW EXPOSÉ: FAUCI SPENT $424K ON BEAGLE EXPERIMENTS, DOGS BITTEN TO DEATH BY FLIES". 30 July 2021.

wiley.com

zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Lindner E, Fuelling O (2002). "Marking methods in small mammals: ear-tattoo as an alternative to toe-clipping". Journal of Zoology. 256 (2): 159–163. doi:10.1017/S0952836902000195. ISSN 0952-8369.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Diaz SL (2020). "Conducting and reporting animal experimentation: Quo vadis?". European Journal of Neuroscience. 52 (6): 3493–3498. doi:10.1111/ejn.14091. hdl:11336/88084. ISSN 0953-816X. PMID 30058230. S2CID 51865025.

wired.com

Rhodes M (28 May 2015). "Inside L'Oreal's Plan to 3-D Print Human Skin". Wired. Retrieved 7 July 2015.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Hajar R (2011). "Animal Testing and Medicine". Heart Views. 12 (1): 42. doi:10.4103/1995-705X.81548. ISSN 1995-705X. PMC 3123518. PMID 21731811.
Fox MA (1986). The Case for Animal Experimention: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-05501-8. OCLC 11754940 – via Google Books.
Slack JM (2013). Essential Developmental Biology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. OCLC 785558800.
Taylor K, Alvarez LR (2019). "An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 47 (5–6). SAGE Publications: 196–213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 32090616. S2CID 211261775.
Festing S, Wilkinson R (June 2007). "The ethics of animal research. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research". EMBO Reports. 8 (6): 526–530. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400993. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 2002542. PMID 17545991.
Reddy N, Lynch B, Gujral J, Karnik K (September 2023). "Regulatory landscape of alternatives to animal testing in food safety evaluations with a focus on the western world". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 143: 105470. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105470. ISSN 1096-0295. PMID 37591329. S2CID 260938742.
Petetta F, Ciccocioppo R (November 2021). "Public perception of laboratory animal testing: Historical, philosophical, and ethical view". Addiction Biology. 26 (6): e12991. doi:10.1111/adb.12991. ISSN 1369-1600. PMC 9252265. PMID 33331099.
Low LA, Mummery C, Berridge BR, Austin CP, Tagle DA (May 2021). "Organs-on-chips: into the next decade". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 20 (5): 345–361. doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0079-3. hdl:1887/3151779. ISSN 1474-1784. PMID 32913334. S2CID 221621465.
Löwa A, Jevtić M, Gorreja F, Hedtrich S (May 2018). "Alternatives to animal testing in basic and preclinical research of atopic dermatitis". Experimental Dermatology. 27 (5): 476–483. doi:10.1111/exd.13498. ISSN 1600-0625. PMID 29356091. S2CID 3378256.
Madden JC, Enoch SJ, Paini A, Cronin MT (July 2020). "A Review of In Silico Tools as Alternatives to Animal Testing: Principles, Resources and Applications". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 48 (4): 146–172. doi:10.1177/0261192920965977. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 33119417. S2CID 226204296.
Reddy N, Lynch B, Gujral J, Karnik K (September 2023). "Alternatives to animal testing in toxicity testing: Current status and future perspectives in food safety assessments". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 179: 113944. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113944. ISSN 1873-6351. PMID 37453475. S2CID 259915886.
Taylor K, Alvarez LR (November 2019). "An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 47 (5–6): 196–213. doi:10.1177/0261192919899853. ISSN 0261-1929. PMID 32090616. S2CID 211261775.
Quianzon CC, Cheikh I (16 July 2012). "History of insulin". Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2 (2): 18701. doi:10.3402/jchimp.v2i2.18701. ISSN 2000-9666. PMC 3714061. PMID 23882369.
Li Z, Zheng W, Wang H, Cheng Y, Fang Y, Wu F, Sun G, Sun G, Lv C, Hui B (15 March 2021). "Application of Animal Models in Cancer Research: Recent Progress and Future Prospects". Cancer Management and Research. 13: 2455–2475. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S302565. ISSN 1179-1322. PMC 7979343. PMID 33758544.
Workman P, Aboagye EO, Balkwill F, Balmain A, Bruder G, Chaplin DJ, Double JA, Everitt J, Farningham Da, Glennie MJ, Kelland LR (25 May 2010). "Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research". British Journal of Cancer. 102 (11): 1555–1577. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605642. ISSN 1532-1827. PMC 2883160. PMID 20502460.
Tsering J, Hu X (2018). "Triphala Suppresses Growth and Migration of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model". BioMed Research International. 2018: 7046927. doi:10.1155/2018/7046927. ISSN 2314-6141. PMC 6311269. PMID 30643816.
Russell, W. M. S. (William Moy Stratton), Health JB (1992). The principles of humane experimental technique (Special ed.). South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, England: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. ISBN 0-900767-78-2. OCLC 27347928. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Klabukov I, Shestakova V, Krasilnikova O, Smirnova A, Abramova O, Baranovskii D, Atiakshin D, Kostin AA, Shegay P, Kaprin AD (2023). "Refinement of Animal Experiments: Replacing Traumatic Methods of Laboratory Animal Marking with Non-Invasive Alternatives". Animals. 13 (22): 3452. doi:10.3390/ani13223452. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 10668729. PMID 38003070.
Lindner E, Fuelling O (2002). "Marking methods in small mammals: ear-tattoo as an alternative to toe-clipping". Journal of Zoology. 256 (2): 159–163. doi:10.1017/S0952836902000195. ISSN 0952-8369.
Diaz SL (2020). "Conducting and reporting animal experimentation: Quo vadis?". European Journal of Neuroscience. 52 (6): 3493–3498. doi:10.1111/ejn.14091. hdl:11336/88084. ISSN 0953-816X. PMID 30058230. S2CID 51865025.
Knight A (May 2008). "Systematic reviews of animal experiments demonstrate poor contributions toward human healthcare". Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials. 3 (2): 89–96. doi:10.2174/157488708784223844. ISSN 1574-8871. PMID 18474018.
Greek R, Menache A (11 January 2013). "Systematic Reviews of Animal Models: Methodology versus Epistemology". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 10 (3): 206–21. doi:10.7150/ijms.5529. ISSN 1449-1907. PMC 3558708. PMID 23372426.
Bracken MB (1 March 2009). "Why animal studies are often poor predictors of human reactions to exposure". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 102 (3): 120–22. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k033. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 2746847. PMID 19297654.
Pound P, Ebrahim S, Sandercock P, Bracken MB, Roberts I (28 February 2004). "Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 328 (7438): 514–17. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 351856. PMID 14988196.
Perel P, Roberts I, Sena E, Wheble P, Briscoe C, Sandercock P, Macleod M, Mignini LE, Jayaram P, Khan KS (25 January 2007). "Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review". BMJ. 334 (7586): 197. doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.BE. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1781970. PMID 17175568.
Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Altman DG (5 February 2002). "The Landscape and Lexicon of Blinding in Randomized Trials". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (3): 254–59. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00022. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 11827510. S2CID 34932997.
Triunfol M, Gouveia FC (15 June 2021). Bero L (ed.). "What's not in the news headlines or titles of Alzheimer disease articles? #InMice". PLOS Biology. 19 (6): e3001260. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001260. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 8205157. PMID 34129637.

worldcongress.net

Conlee KM, Hoffeld EH, Stephens ML (2004). "Demographic Analysis of Primate Research in the United States" (PDF). ATLA. pp. 315–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008.