Armero tragedy (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Armero tragedy" in English language version.

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18web.archive.org

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archive.today

Cooke, Robert (November 20, 1985). "Facing tragedy: Not enough tears to wash away sorrow". The Miami News. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
"Armero tragedy may hold seeds of future strife". Tri City Herald. November 24, 1985. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
"Rescue hopes fade in volcano tragedy". Tri-City Herald. November 20, 1985. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2010.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"BBC:On this day: November 13: 1985: Volcano kills thousands in Colombia". British Broadcasting Corporation. November 13, 1985. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
"Signs of an eruption – A scientist has found a way to use earthquakes to predict when volcanoes will erupt". BBC. August 27, 2003. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
"Picture power: Tragedy of Omayra Sanchez". BBC. September 30, 2005. Archived from the original on August 3, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2010.

bbc.co.uk

Fielding, Emma. "Volcano Hell Transcript". BBC. Retrieved September 3, 2008.

cam.ac.uk

latin-american.cam.ac.uk

Luis Ospina. "MI ÚLTIMO SOPLO". Centre of Latin American Studies (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia: University of Cambridge. Retrieved January 25, 2022.^{[permanent dead link]}

cnn.com

Staff (November 14, 1995). "World News Briefs". CNN. Retrieved September 20, 2008.

csmonitor.com

"Colombia's pleas for disaster aid draw worldwide response". Christian Science Monitor. November 19, 1985. Retrieved November 28, 2008.

dnp.gov.co

"Dirección de Prevención y Atención de Desastres — DPAD" (in Spanish). Departamento Nacional de Planeación, República de Colombia. June 24, 2010. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2010.

doi.org

Wright, Thomas L.; Pierson, Thomas C. (1992). "Hazard-Zone Maps and Volcanic Risk". Living with Volcanoes: Circular 1073. United States Geological Survey: 20–22. doi:10.3133/cir1073. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985: Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.
Barberi, F; M Martinia; M Rosi (July 1990). "Nevado del Ruiz volcano (Colombia): pre-eruption observations and the 13 November 1985 catastrophic event". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 42 (1–2). Elsevier: 1–12. Bibcode:1990JVGR...42....1B. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90066-O.
Giggenbach, W; Garcia P., N; Londonoc, A; Rodriguezv, L; Rojasg, N; Calvachev, M (July 1990). "The chemistry of fumarolic vapor and thermal-spring discharges from the Nevado del Ruiz volcanic-magmatic-hydrothermal system, Colombia". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 42 (1–2). Elsevier: 13–39. Bibcode:1990JVGR...42...13G. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90067-P.
Wright, T.L. & Pierson, T.C. (1992). Living with Volcanoes: The U. S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program: USGS Circular 1073. United States Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/cir1073. Archived from the original on November 11, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
Krueger, A.; Walter, L.; Schnetzler, C.; Doiron, S. (July 1990). "TOMS measurement of the sulfur dioxide emitted during the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz eruptions". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 41 (1–4). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research: 7–15. Bibcode:1990JVGR...41....7K. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90081-P.
Lowe, Donald R.; Williams, Stanley N.; Leigh, Henry; Connort, Charles B.; Gemmell, J. Bruce; Stoiber, Richard E. (November 1986). "Lahars initiated by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia". Nature. 324 (6092). Nature Publishing Group: 51–53. Bibcode:1986Natur.324...51L. doi:10.1038/324051a0. S2CID 4315639.
Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1). International Glaciological Society: 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
Touret, Jean-Claude & Laforge, Christophe (1994). "Hazard Appraisal and Hazard-Zone Mapping of Flooding and Debris Flowage in the Rio Combeima Valley and Ibague City, Tolima Department, Colombia". GeoJournal. 34 (4): 407–413. doi:10.1007/BF00813136. JSTOR 41146332. S2CID 189882493.

eltiempo.com

Espinosa Rojas, Julián (September 18, 2014). "Los secretos de 'Armero', la película sobre una tragedia anunciada – Cine y TV". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 3, 2016.

foxnews.com

Associated Press (April 15, 2008). "Colombian Volcano Erupts, Thousands Evacuated". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 4, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2008.

gestiondelriesgo.gov.co

portal.gestiondelriesgo.gov.co

"UNGRD". Unidad Nacional para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres. Retrieved November 13, 2022.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985: Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.
Barberi, F; M Martinia; M Rosi (July 1990). "Nevado del Ruiz volcano (Colombia): pre-eruption observations and the 13 November 1985 catastrophic event". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 42 (1–2). Elsevier: 1–12. Bibcode:1990JVGR...42....1B. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90066-O.
Giggenbach, W; Garcia P., N; Londonoc, A; Rodriguezv, L; Rojasg, N; Calvachev, M (July 1990). "The chemistry of fumarolic vapor and thermal-spring discharges from the Nevado del Ruiz volcanic-magmatic-hydrothermal system, Colombia". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 42 (1–2). Elsevier: 13–39. Bibcode:1990JVGR...42...13G. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90067-P.
Krueger, A.; Walter, L.; Schnetzler, C.; Doiron, S. (July 1990). "TOMS measurement of the sulfur dioxide emitted during the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz eruptions". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 41 (1–4). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research: 7–15. Bibcode:1990JVGR...41....7K. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90081-P.
Lowe, Donald R.; Williams, Stanley N.; Leigh, Henry; Connort, Charles B.; Gemmell, J. Bruce; Stoiber, Richard E. (November 1986). "Lahars initiated by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia". Nature. 324 (6092). Nature Publishing Group: 51–53. Bibcode:1986Natur.324...51L. doi:10.1038/324051a0. S2CID 4315639.
Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1). International Glaciological Society: 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2010.

hku.hk

sunzi1.lib.hku.hk

"Colombia, Mexico Tragedies: Lions Respond Through LCIF" (PDF). LCIF Update. Lions Club International. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2011.

igsoc.org

Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1). International Glaciological Society: 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2010.

imdb.com

Mantilla-Vargas, Christian (September 21, 2017), Armero, Humberto Arango, Alejandro Buenaventura, Mauricio Figueroa, retrieved June 10, 2018

ird.fr

horizon.documentation.ird.fr

Thouret, Jean-Claude; Murcia, A; Salinas, R; et al. (1990). Stratigraphy and quaternary eruptive history of the Ruiz-Tolima volcanic massif, Colombia. Implications for assessment of volcanic hazards (PDF). Symposium international géodynamique andine: résumés des communications. Paris. pp. 391–393. Retrieved July 22, 2010.

jimdo.com

luisospinafilm1.jimdo.com

Camila Loboguerrero (2000). "Camila Loboguerrero". luisospinafilm1.jimdo. Cinematheque Magazine. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.

jstor.org

Touret, Jean-Claude & Laforge, Christophe (1994). "Hazard Appraisal and Hazard-Zone Mapping of Flooding and Debris Flowage in the Rio Combeima Valley and Ibague City, Tolima Department, Colombia". GeoJournal. 34 (4): 407–413. doi:10.1007/BF00813136. JSTOR 41146332. S2CID 189882493.

laopinion.com.co

La, Opinion. "El tráiler de Armero, la película". laopinion.com.co (in Spanish). 2015-11-13. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
Opinión, Diario la. "La película 'Armero' ya tiene fecha de estreno". La Opinión (in Spanish). Retrieved November 10, 2017.

msn.com

encarta.msn.com

McDowell, Bart (May 1986). "Eruption in Colombia". National Geographic: 640–653. Archived from the original on November 1, 2009.

news.google.com

"Wall of Mud Seals Town; 20,000 Could Be Dead". Ocala Star-Banner. November 15, 1985. Retrieved July 22, 2010.^{[permanent dead link]}
Cooke, Robert (November 20, 1985). "Facing tragedy: Not enough tears to wash away sorrow". The Miami News. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
Angelo, Chris (November 16, 1985). "Officials evacuate valley in Colombia". Kentucky New Era. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
Montalbano, William D. (December 12, 1985). "Three weeks after volcano tragedy Colombia shrouded in controversy". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
"Armero tragedy may hold seeds of future strife". Tri City Herald. November 24, 1985. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
"20,000 Colombians Killed in Fiery Eruption". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. November 15, 1985. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
"Rescue hopes fade in volcano tragedy". Tri-City Herald. November 20, 1985. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
Gallardo, Eduardo (December 22, 1985). "Christmas sorrowful for mudslide survivors". Lakeland Ledger. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
"Pope visits site of volcano tragedy". Lakeland Ledger. July 7, 1986. Retrieved October 21, 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}
Johnson, Tim (September 18, 1997). "Survivors of avalanche relive tragedy through TV movie". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985: Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.

noaa.gov

ngdc.noaa.gov

Staff. "Nevado del Ruiz – Facts and Figures". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on September 25, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008.

nytimes.com

"Winners of Pulitzer Prizes in Journalism, Letters, and the Arts". The New York Times. April 16, 1986. Retrieved November 11, 2008.
Sullivan, Walter (May 31, 1988). "At Ice-Clad Volcanoes, Vigils for Disaster". The New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
Weiner, Tim (January 2, 2001). "Watchful Eyes On a Violent Giant". The New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
Associated Press (September 2, 1989). "Colombian Volcano Erupting". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2008.

pitt.edu

lasa.international.pitt.edu

Zeiderman, Austin (June 11, 2009). "Life at Risk: Biopolitics, Citizenship, and Security in Colombia" (PDF). 2009 Congress of the Latin American Studies Association. Retrieved July 22, 2010.

pulzo.com

"Se trata de Pedro Rendón, que en la novela Oasis era el novio de la barranquillera; ambos pertenecían a familias sobrevivientes de la tragedia de Armero". Pulzo (in Spanish). September 20, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2022.

sdsu.edu

sci.sdsu.edu

"How Volcanoes Work - the Nevado del Ruiz eruption". Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2019.

geology.sdsu.edu

Camp, Vic. "How Volcanoes Work – the Nevado del Ruiz eruption". SDSU Department of Geological Sciences. San Diego State University. Archived from the original on July 24, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2010.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985: Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.
Lowe, Donald R.; Williams, Stanley N.; Leigh, Henry; Connort, Charles B.; Gemmell, J. Bruce; Stoiber, Richard E. (November 1986). "Lahars initiated by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia". Nature. 324 (6092). Nature Publishing Group: 51–53. Bibcode:1986Natur.324...51L. doi:10.1038/324051a0. S2CID 4315639.
Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1). International Glaciological Society: 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
Touret, Jean-Claude & Laforge, Christophe (1994). "Hazard Appraisal and Hazard-Zone Mapping of Flooding and Debris Flowage in the Rio Combeima Valley and Ibague City, Tolima Department, Colombia". GeoJournal. 34 (4): 407–413. doi:10.1007/BF00813136. JSTOR 41146332. S2CID 189882493.

shock.co

"¿Es cierto que Shakira no quiere que nadie vea 'El oasis', la serie en la que actuó en los 90?". Shock.co (in Spanish). February 2, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2022.

si.edu

volcano.si.edu

"Nevado del Ruiz". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
"Nevado del Ruiz: Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on September 26, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2008.

unanleon.edu.ni

desastres.unanleon.edu.ni

Gueri, Miguel (October 2004). "Eruption of El Ruiz Volcano, Colombia" (PDF). UNAN-León. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2010.

usgs.gov

vulcan.wr.usgs.gov

Wright, Thomas L.; Pierson, Thomas C. (1992). "Hazard-Zone Maps and Volcanic Risk". Living with Volcanoes: Circular 1073. United States Geological Survey: 20–22. doi:10.3133/cir1073. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
"Colombia Volcanoes and Volcanics". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
Wright, T.L. & Pierson, T.C. (1992). Living with Volcanoes: The U. S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program: USGS Circular 1073. United States Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/cir1073. Archived from the original on November 11, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
Scott, Kevin M.; Vallance, J. W. (November 22, 2002). "Mount Rainier Debris-Flow Maps available from USGS" (Press release). USGS. Retrieved November 9, 2010.

pubs.usgs.gov

Schuster, Robert L. and Highland, Lynn M. (2001). Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Landslides in the Western Hemisphere Archived April 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-0276. Also previously published in the Proceedings of the Third Panamerican Symposium on Landslides, July 29 to August 3, 2001, Cartagena, Colombia. Castaneda Martinez, Jorge E., and Olarte Montero, Juan, eds. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
Watson, John. "Mount St. Helens – Comparisons With Other Eruptions". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved September 20, 2008.

web.archive.org

Schuster, Robert L. and Highland, Lynn M. (2001). Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Landslides in the Western Hemisphere Archived April 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-0276. Also previously published in the Proceedings of the Third Panamerican Symposium on Landslides, July 29 to August 3, 2001, Cartagena, Colombia. Castaneda Martinez, Jorge E., and Olarte Montero, Juan, eds. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
"Nevado del Ruiz: Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on September 26, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
Gueri, Miguel (October 2004). "Eruption of El Ruiz Volcano, Colombia" (PDF). UNAN-León. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
"How Volcanoes Work - the Nevado del Ruiz eruption". Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
Wright, T.L. & Pierson, T.C. (1992). Living with Volcanoes: The U. S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program: USGS Circular 1073. United States Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/cir1073. Archived from the original on November 11, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
"Deadly Lahars from Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia: November 13, 1985". United States Geological Survey. September 30, 1999. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
Staff. "Nevado del Ruiz – Facts and Figures". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on September 25, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1). International Glaciological Society: 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
Camp, Vic. "How Volcanoes Work – the Nevado del Ruiz eruption". SDSU Department of Geological Sciences. San Diego State University. Archived from the original on July 24, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
"Colombia, Mexico Tragedies: Lions Respond Through LCIF" (PDF). LCIF Update. Lions Club International. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
"Picture power: Tragedy of Omayra Sanchez". BBC. September 30, 2005. Archived from the original on August 3, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
McDowell, Bart (May 1986). "Eruption in Colombia". National Geographic: 640–653. Archived from the original on November 1, 2009.
"Dirección de Prevención y Atención de Desastres — DPAD" (in Spanish). Departamento Nacional de Planeación, República de Colombia. June 24, 2010. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
Associated Press (April 15, 2008). "Colombian Volcano Erupts, Thousands Evacuated". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 4, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
Johnson, Tim (September 18, 1997). "Survivors of avalanche relive tragedy through TV movie". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
Camila Loboguerrero (2000). "Camila Loboguerrero". luisospinafilm1.jimdo. Cinematheque Magazine. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
Espinosa Rojas, Julián (September 18, 2014). "Los secretos de 'Armero', la película sobre una tragedia anunciada – Cine y TV". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 3, 2016.
La, Opinion. "El tráiler de Armero, la película". laopinion.com.co (in Spanish). 2015-11-13. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2015.

Armero tragedy (English Wikipedia)

archive.today

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

bbc.co.uk

cam.ac.uk

latin-american.cam.ac.uk

cnn.com

csmonitor.com

dnp.gov.co

doi.org

eltiempo.com

foxnews.com

gestiondelriesgo.gov.co

portal.gestiondelriesgo.gov.co

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

hku.hk

sunzi1.lib.hku.hk

igsoc.org

imdb.com

ird.fr

horizon.documentation.ird.fr

jimdo.com

luisospinafilm1.jimdo.com

jstor.org

laopinion.com.co

msn.com

encarta.msn.com

news.google.com

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

noaa.gov

ngdc.noaa.gov

nytimes.com

pitt.edu

lasa.international.pitt.edu

pulzo.com

sdsu.edu

sci.sdsu.edu

geology.sdsu.edu

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

shock.co

si.edu

volcano.si.edu

unanleon.edu.ni

desastres.unanleon.edu.ni

usgs.gov

vulcan.wr.usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

usgs.gov

hvo.wr.usgs.gov

volcanoes.usgs.gov

web.archive.org