Asteroid impact avoidance (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Asteroid impact avoidance" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

71web.archive.org

1^st place

20nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

17harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

16doi.org

2^nd place

10semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

7space.com

936^th place

713^th place

7nss.org

low place

5arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

5worldcat.org

5^th place

4nytimes.com

7^th place

4af.mil

439^th place

283^rd place

4nih.gov

4^th place

3neoshield.net

low place

3discovermagazine.com

3,042^nd place

2,171^st place

3psi.edu

low place

3lanl.gov

3,495^th place

2,913^th place

2esa.int

1,482^nd place

1,468^th place

2washingtonpost.com

34^th place

27^th place

2phys.org

1,283^rd place

1,130^th place

2archive.org

6^th place

2iawn.net

low place

2unoosa.org

low place

2archive.today

14^th place

2handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

2books.google.com

3^rd place

2house.gov

529^th place

314^th place

2nap.edu

2,128^th place

1,553^rd place

2arizona.edu

1,592^nd place

1,119^th place

2mit.edu

415^th place

327^th place

1astronomy.com

low place

8,690^th place

1theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

1inquisitr.com

1,934^th place

1,238^th place

1qz.com

1,110^th place

695^th place

1businessinsider.com

140^th place

115^th place

1spacenews.com

1,876^th place

1,225^th place

1gpo.gov

1,360^th place

845^th place

1archives.gov

446^th place

308^th place

1gizmodo.com

474^th place

329^th place

1af.edu

low place

7,727^th place

1europa.eu

68^th place

117^th place

1newscientist.com

774^th place

716^th place

1latimes.com

22^nd place

19^th place

1ft.com

210^th place

157^th place

1b612foundation.org

low place

1swri.edu

low place

1lsst.org

low place

1spaceref.ca

low place

1usra.edu

2,838^th place

2,185^th place

1canada.com

1,162^nd place

731^st place

1hackaday.com

low place

7,505^th place

1newswise.com

9,751^st place

7,165^th place

1spaceguarduk.com

low place

1smithsonianmag.com

503^rd place

364^th place

1researchgate.net

120^th place

125^th place

1unt.edu

1,336^th place

769^th place

1osti.gov

2,036^th place

1,254^th place

1nps.edu

low place

7,562^nd place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1spacesailing.net

low place

1popsci.com

2,941^st place

2,021^st place

1youtube.com

9^th place

13^th place

1tsunamisociety.org

low place

1nist.gov

355^th place

454^th place

1flightglobal.com

223^rd place

162^nd place

1time.com

61^st place

54^th place

1thespacereview.com

9,535^th place

6,953^rd place

1ips.gov.au

low place

1asteroiddefence.com

low place

1llnl.gov

6,750^th place

5,140^th place

1dailytech.com

low place

8,724^th place

1publicintegrity.org

low place

1energy.gov

2,081^st place

1,387^th place

1npr.org

92^nd place

72^nd place

1jhuapl.edu

6,195^th place

5,404^th place

1sei.aero

low place

1internationalspace.com

low place

1ucsb.edu

1,115^th place

741^st place

1spie.org

low place

1cmu.edu

1,564^th place

1,028^th place

1aip.org

2,204^th place

1,735^th place

1obtronics.net

low place

1wired.com

193^rd place

152^nd place

1world-nuclear-news.org

4,951^st place

3,620^th place

1fas.org

505^th place

410^th place

1post-gazette.com

569^th place

354^th place

1scitechdaily.com

low place

1defense.gov

1,038^th place

668^th place

af.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,727^th place)

airuniversity.af.edu

France, Martin (7 August 2000). "Planetary Defense: Eliminating the Giggle Factor" (PDF). Air & Space Power Chronicles. 14: 12 – via Air University.

af.mil (Global: 439^th place; English: 283^rd place)

csat.au.af.mil

"Welcome to SpaceCast 2020". Center for Strategy and Technology. Air University. Archived from the original on 2009-03-02.
"Preparing for Planetary Defense: Detection and Interception of Asteroids on Collision Course with Earth" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
"Preparing for Planetary Defense" (PDF). SpaceCast 2020 (Report). Air University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-26.
"Welcome to Air Force 2025". Center for Strategy and Technology. Air University. Archived from the original on 2008-12-20.
John M. Urias; Iole M. DeAngelis; Donald A. Ahern; Jack S. Caszatt; George W. Fenimore III; Michael J. Wadzinski (October 1996). "Planetary Defense: Catastrophic Health Insurance for Planet Earth" (PDF). Air Force 2025 (PDF) (Report). Air University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-17.

aip.org (Global: 2,204^th place; English: 1,735^th place)

scitation.aip.org

David French (October 2009). "Near-Earth Object Threat Mitigation Using a Tethered Ballast Mass". J. Aerosp. Engrg.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Morrison, D., 25 January 1992, The Spaceguard Survey: Report of the NASA International Near-Earth-Object Detection Workshop Archived October 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, NASA, Washington, D.C.
"Operation CASTLE Commander's Report". Internet Archive. May 21, 1954.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

"Hearing Charter: Near-Earth Objects: Status of the Survey Program and Review of NASA's 2007 Report to Congress | SpaceRef Canada – Your Daily Source of Canadian Space News". Archived from the original on 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
"Scientists design conceptual asteroid deflector and evaluate it against massive potential threat". Phys.org. March 15, 2018. Archived from the original on April 23, 2018.

archives.gov (Global: 446^th place; English: 308^th place)

trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov

Staff (21 June 2018). "National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy Action Plan" (PDF). whitehouse.gov. Retrieved 22 June 2018 – via National Archives.

arizona.edu (Global: 1,592^nd place; English: 1,119^th place)

spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu

"The Spacewatch Project". Archived from the original on 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2007-10-23.

catalina.lpl.arizona.edu

"Home | Catalina Sky Survey". catalina.lpl.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Lu, Edward T. and Stanley G. Love. A Gravitational Tractor for Towing Asteroids, NASA, Johnson Space Center, submitted to arxiv.org September 20, 2005. (PDF document Archived October 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine).
Lu, Edward T.; Love, Stanley G. (2005). "Gravitational Tractor For Towing Asteroids". Nature. 438 (7065): 177–178. arXiv:astro-ph/0509595. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..177L. doi:10.1038/438177a. PMID 16281025. S2CID 4414357.
Bombardelli, C. J.; Pelaez, J. V. (2011). "Ion beam shepherd for asteroid deflection". Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics. 34 (4): 1270–1272. arXiv:1102.1276. Bibcode:2011JGCD...34.1270B. doi:10.2514/1.51640.
Lu, Edward T.; Love, Stanley G. (1998). "Breaking and Splitting asteroids by nuclear explosions to propel and deflect their trajectories". arXiv:astro-ph/9803269.
Lu, Edward T.; Love, Stanley G. (2007). "Asteroid Deflection: How, where and when?". Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 8: 399. arXiv:0705.1805. Bibcode:2008ChJAS...8..399F.

asteroiddefence.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"EADP". May 5, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-05-05.

astronomy.com (Global: low place; English: 8,690^th place)

Powell, Corey S. (December 20, 2021). "How prepared is Earth for an asteroid collision?". Astronomy. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2022-01-12.

b612foundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Sentinel Mission". B612 Foundation. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2012.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Solem, J. C.; Snell, C. (1994). "Terminal intercept for less than one orbital period warning Archived May 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine", a chapter in Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids, Geherels, T., ed. (University of Arizona Press, Tucson), pp. 1013–1034.
Simonenko, V.; Nogin, V.; Petrov, D.; Shubin, O.; Solem, J. C. (1994). "Defending the Earth against impacts from large comets and asteroids". In Geherels, T.; Matthews, M. S.; Schumann, A. M. (eds.). Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids. University of Arizona Press. pp. 929–954. ISBN 9780816515059.

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; English: 115^th place)

McFall-Johnsen, Morgan; Woodward, Aylin (12 May 2021). "A NASA simulation revealed that 6 months' warning isn't enough to stop an asteroid from hitting Earth. We'd need 5 to 10 years". Business Insider. Retrieved 14 May 2021.

canada.com (Global: 1,162^nd place; English: 731^st place)

Spears, Tom (May 2, 2008). "Canada space mission targets asteroids". Calgary Herald via Canada.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

cmu.edu (Global: 1,564^th place; English: 1,028^th place)

cs.cmu.edu

Is an asteroid capture possible/feasible?; Asteroid movement/retrieval; Asteroid relocation/mining; etceras... Archived November 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Space-tech Digest #70 [bulletin board], Carnegie Mellon University, July 19–25, 1990.

dailytech.com (Global: low place; English: 8,724^th place)

Jason Mick (October 17, 2013). "The mother of all bombs would sit in wait in an orbitary platform". Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.

defense.gov (Global: 1,038^th place; English: 668^th place)

Lopez, C. Todd (June 2, 2020). "Spacecom, Space Force Officials Discuss Planetary Defense". DOD News. U.S. Dept. of Defense.

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,042^nd place; English: 2,171^st place)

Powell, Corey S. "Developing Early Warning Systems for Killer Asteroids" Archived October 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Discover, August 14, 2013, pp. 60–61 (subscription required).
Powell, Corey S. How to Deflect a Killer Asteroid: Researchers Come Up With Contingency Plans That Could Help Our Planet Dodge A Cosmic Bullet Archived August 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Discover website, September 18, 2013 (subscription required), and in print as "How to Dodge a Cosmic Bullet", October 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
Nadis, Steve (January 21, 2015). "How to Stop a Killer Asteroid". Discover.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

El Mir, Charles; Ramesh, KT; Richardson, Derek C. (15 March 2019). "A new hybrid framework for simulating hypervelocity asteroid impacts and gravitational reaccumulation". Icarus. 321: 1013–1025. Bibcode:2019Icar..321.1013E. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.032. S2CID 127119234.
Myhrvold, Nathan (22 May 2018). "An empirical examination of WISE/NEOWISE asteroid analysis and results". Icarus. 314: 64–97. Bibcode:2018Icar..314...64M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.004.
"Science and Technology for Near-Earth Object Impact Prevention". CORDIS. doi:10.3030/640351. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
Koschny, Detlef V.; Fast, Kelly E.; Kofler, Romana (2024). "About the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG)". Nature Communications. 15 (1) 4816. Nature. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4816K. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48600-x. PMC 11157023. PMID 38844765.
Lu, Edward T.; Love, Stanley G. (2005). "Gravitational Tractor For Towing Asteroids". Nature. 438 (7065): 177–178. arXiv:astro-ph/0509595. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..177L. doi:10.1038/438177a. PMID 16281025. S2CID 4414357.
Solem, J. C. (1993). "Interception of comets and asteroids on collision course with Earth". Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 30 (2): 222–228. Bibcode:1993JSpRo..30..222S. doi:10.2514/3.11531. OSTI 10123149.
Ross, I. M.; Park, S.-Y.; Porter, S. E. (2001). "Gravitational Effects of Earth in Optimizing Delta-V for Deflecting Earth-Crossing Asteroids" (PDF). Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 38 (5): 759–764. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.462.7487. doi:10.2514/2.3743. hdl:10945/30321. S2CID 123431410. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies ( 2010 ) National Academy of Sciences page 77. 2010. doi:10.17226/12842. ISBN 978-0-309-14968-6.
Goldstein, R. M. (1968). "Radar Observations of Icarus". Science. 162 (3856): 903–4. Bibcode:1968Sci...162..903G. doi:10.1126/science.162.3856.903. PMID 17769079. S2CID 129644095.
Horan, Lansing S.; Holland, Darren E.; Bruck Syal, Megan; Bevins, James E.; Wasem, Joseph V. (2021-06-01). "Impact of neutron energy on asteroid deflection performance". Acta Astronautica. 183: 29–42. Bibcode:2021AcAau.183...29H. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.02.028. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 233791597.
Asphaug, E.; Ostro, S. J.; Hudson, R. S.; Scheeres, D. J.; Benz, W. (1998). "Disruption of kilometre-sized asteroids by energetic collisions" (PDF). Nature. 393 (6684): 437–440. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..437A. doi:10.1038/30911. S2CID 4328861. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2016.
Dearborn, David S. P.; Bruck Syal, Megan; Barbee, Brent W.; Gisler, Galen; Greenaugh, Kevin; Howley, Kirsten M.; Leung, Ronald; Lyzhoft, Joshua; Miller, Paul L.; Nuth, Joseph A.; Plesko, Catherine S.; Seery, Bernard D.; Wasem, Joseph V.; Weaver, Robert P.; Zebenay, Melak (2020-01-01). "Options and uncertainties in planetary defense: Impulse-dependent response and the physical properties of asteroids". Acta Astronautica. 166: 290–305. Bibcode:2020AcAau.166..290D. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.10.026. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 208840044.
Schleicher, David G.; Barnes, Kate L.; Baugh, Nicole F. (2006). "Photometry and Imaging Results for Comet 9P/Tempel 1 and Deep Impact: Gas Production Rates, Postimpact Light Curves, and Ejecta Plume Morphology". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1130–1137. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1130S. doi:10.1086/499301. S2CID 123344560.
Bombardelli, C. J.; Pelaez, J. V. (2011). "Ion beam shepherd for asteroid deflection". Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics. 34 (4): 1270–1272. arXiv:1102.1276. Bibcode:2011JGCD...34.1270B. doi:10.2514/1.51640.
Melosh, H. J.; Nemchinov, I. V. (1993). "Solar asteroid diversion". Nature. 366 (6450): 21–22. Bibcode:1993Natur.366...21M. doi:10.1038/366021a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4367291.
Vasylyev, V. P. (2012-12-22). "Deflection of Hazardous Near-Earth Objects by High Concentrated Sunlight and Adequate Design of Optical Collector". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 110 (1–2): 67–79. doi:10.1007/s11038-012-9410-2. ISSN 0167-9295. S2CID 120563921.

energy.gov (Global: 2,081^st place; English: 1,387^th place)

"United States, Russia Sign Agreement to Further Research and Development Collaboration in Nuclear Energy and Security". Energy.gov. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.

esa.int (Global: 1,482^nd place; English: 1,468^th place)

cosmos.esa.int

"Planetary Defense Roadmap". Retrieved 10 April 2025.
"Space Mission Planning Advisory Group Work Plan". Retrieved 10 April 2025.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

cordis.europa.eu

"Science and Technology for Near-Earth Object Impact Prevention". CORDIS. doi:10.3030/640351. Retrieved 21 May 2023.

fas.org (Global: 505^th place; English: 410^th place)

"Space Based Laser. FAS".

flightglobal.com (Global: 223^rd place; English: 162^nd place)

Coppinger, Rob (August 3, 2007). "NASA plans 'Armageddon' spacecraft to blast asteroid". Flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-05. The warheads would explode at a distance of one-third of the NEO's diameter and each detonation's X and gamma rays and neutrons would turn part of the NEO's surface into an expanding plasma to generate a force to deflect the asteroid.
"NASA plans 'Armageddon' spacecraft to blast asteroid". Retrieved 2014-08-03.

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

Tomas Weber (18 July 2025). "What happens once we spot the asteroid that will hit Earth?". Financial Times.

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; English: 329^th place)

Mandelbaum, Ryan F. (21 June 2018). "America Isn't Ready to Handle a Catastrophic Asteroid Impact, New Report Warns". Gizmodo. Retrieved 22 June 2018.

gpo.gov (Global: 1,360^th place; English: 845^th place)

U.S.Congress (19 March 2013). "Threats From Space: a Review of U.S. Government Efforts to Track and mitigate Asteroids and Meteors (Part I and Part II) – Hearing Before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology House of Representatives One Hundred Thirteenth Congress First Session" (PDF). United States Congress. p. 147. Retrieved 3 May 2014.

hackaday.com (Global: low place; English: 7,505^th place)

Nardi, Tom (July 22, 2020). "The WISE In NEOWISE: How A Hibernating Satellite Awoke To Discover The Comet".

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

C. D. Hall and I. M. Ross, "Dynamics and Control Problems in the Deflection of Near-Earth Objects", Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Astrodynamics 1997, Vol.97, Part I, 1997, pp.613–631. hdl:10945/40399
Ross, I. M.; Park, S.-Y.; Porter, S. E. (2001). "Gravitational Effects of Earth in Optimizing Delta-V for Deflecting Earth-Crossing Asteroids" (PDF). Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 38 (5): 759–764. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.462.7487. doi:10.2514/2.3743. hdl:10945/30321. S2CID 123431410. Retrieved 2019-08-30.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

El Mir, Charles; Ramesh, KT; Richardson, Derek C. (15 March 2019). "A new hybrid framework for simulating hypervelocity asteroid impacts and gravitational reaccumulation". Icarus. 321: 1013–1025. Bibcode:2019Icar..321.1013E. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.032. S2CID 127119234.
Myhrvold, Nathan (22 May 2018). "An empirical examination of WISE/NEOWISE asteroid analysis and results". Icarus. 314: 64–97. Bibcode:2018Icar..314...64M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.004.
Stokes, G.; J. Evans (18–25 July 2004). Detection and discovery of near-Earth asteroids by the linear program. 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Paris, France. p. 4338. Bibcode:2004cosp...35.4338S.
Koschny, Detlef V.; Fast, Kelly E.; Kofler, Romana (2024). "About the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG)". Nature Communications. 15 (1) 4816. Nature. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4816K. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48600-x. PMC 11157023. PMID 38844765.
Lu, Edward T.; Love, Stanley G. (2005). "Gravitational Tractor For Towing Asteroids". Nature. 438 (7065): 177–178. arXiv:astro-ph/0509595. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..177L. doi:10.1038/438177a. PMID 16281025. S2CID 4414357.
Hildebrand, A. R.; Tedesco, E. F.; Carroll, K. A.; et al. (2008). The Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) Mission Will Conduct an Efficient Space-Based Asteroid Survey at Low Solar Elongations (PDF). Asteroids, Comets, Meteors. Bibcode:2008LPICo1405.8293H. Paper id 8293.
Canavan, G. H; Solem, J. C. (1992). "Interception of near-Earth objects". Mercury. 21 (3): 107–109. Bibcode:1992Mercu..21..107C. ISSN 0047-6773.
Solem, J. C. (1993). "Interception of comets and asteroids on collision course with Earth". Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 30 (2): 222–228. Bibcode:1993JSpRo..30..222S. doi:10.2514/3.11531. OSTI 10123149.
Solem, J. C. (2000). "Deflection and disruption of asteroids on collision course with Earth". Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 53: 180–196. Bibcode:2000JBIS...53..180S.
Goldstein, R. M. (1968). "Radar Observations of Icarus". Science. 162 (3856): 903–4. Bibcode:1968Sci...162..903G. doi:10.1126/science.162.3856.903. PMID 17769079. S2CID 129644095.
Horan, Lansing S.; Holland, Darren E.; Bruck Syal, Megan; Bevins, James E.; Wasem, Joseph V. (2021-06-01). "Impact of neutron energy on asteroid deflection performance". Acta Astronautica. 183: 29–42. Bibcode:2021AcAau.183...29H. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.02.028. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 233791597.
Asphaug, E.; Ostro, S. J.; Hudson, R. S.; Scheeres, D. J.; Benz, W. (1998). "Disruption of kilometre-sized asteroids by energetic collisions" (PDF). Nature. 393 (6684): 437–440. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..437A. doi:10.1038/30911. S2CID 4328861. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2016.
Dearborn, David S. P.; Bruck Syal, Megan; Barbee, Brent W.; Gisler, Galen; Greenaugh, Kevin; Howley, Kirsten M.; Leung, Ronald; Lyzhoft, Joshua; Miller, Paul L.; Nuth, Joseph A.; Plesko, Catherine S.; Seery, Bernard D.; Wasem, Joseph V.; Weaver, Robert P.; Zebenay, Melak (2020-01-01). "Options and uncertainties in planetary defense: Impulse-dependent response and the physical properties of asteroids". Acta Astronautica. 166: 290–305. Bibcode:2020AcAau.166..290D. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.10.026. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 208840044.
Schleicher, David G.; Barnes, Kate L.; Baugh, Nicole F. (2006). "Photometry and Imaging Results for Comet 9P/Tempel 1 and Deep Impact: Gas Production Rates, Postimpact Light Curves, and Ejecta Plume Morphology". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1130–1137. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1130S. doi:10.1086/499301. S2CID 123344560.
Bombardelli, C. J.; Pelaez, J. V. (2011). "Ion beam shepherd for asteroid deflection". Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics. 34 (4): 1270–1272. arXiv:1102.1276. Bibcode:2011JGCD...34.1270B. doi:10.2514/1.51640.
Melosh, H. J.; Nemchinov, I. V. (1993). "Solar asteroid diversion". Nature. 366 (6450): 21–22. Bibcode:1993Natur.366...21M. doi:10.1038/366021a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4367291.
Lu, Edward T.; Love, Stanley G. (2007). "Asteroid Deflection: How, where and when?". Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 8: 399. arXiv:0705.1805. Bibcode:2008ChJAS...8..399F.

house.gov (Global: 529^th place; English: 314^th place)

democrats.science.house.gov

"Subcommittee Questions NASA's Plan for Detecting Hazardous Asteroids". Archived from the original on 2011-05-06.
Donald K. Yeomans (2007-11-08). "Testimony Before The House Committee On Science And Technology Subcommittee On Space And Aeronautics: Near-Earth Objects (NEOS) – Status Of The Survey Program And Review Of Nasa's Report To Congress" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-01-31.

iawn.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"About IAWN". IAWN.
"International Asteroid Warning Network". Retrieved 21 August 2025.

inquisitr.com (Global: 1,934^th place; English: 1,238^th place)

Homer, Aaron (28 April 2018). "Earth Will Be Hit By An Asteroid With 100 Percent Certainty, Says Space-Watching Group B612". Inquisitr. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2018.

internationalspace.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chapman, Clark R. and Daniel D. Durda. The Comet/Asteroid Impact Hazard: A Systems Approach Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Boulder, CO: Office of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Space Engineering and Technology Branch, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.

ips.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Project Icarus". Archived from the original on June 2, 2016.

jhuapl.edu (Global: 6,195^th place; English: 5,404^th place)

dart.jhuapl.edu

"DART". dart.jhuapl.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-25.

lanl.gov (Global: 3,495^th place; English: 2,913^th place)

permalink.lanl.gov

Weaver; et al. (2011). "RAGE Hydrocode Modeling of Asteroid Mitigation:Surface and Subsurface Explosions in Porous PHO Objects". Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2018-04-09.
"Data Contribute to Certification Fred N. Mortensen, John M. Scott, and Stirling A. Colgate". Archived from the original on 2016-12-23. Retrieved 2016-12-23.

la-science.lanl.gov

"LANL: Los Alamos Science: LA Science No. 28". June 12, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-12.

latimes.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 19^th place)

Netburn, Deborah. UN Aims to Fight Asteroids, Creates a Global Warning Network, Los Angeles Times, October 28, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2014.

llnl.gov (Global: 6,750^th place; English: 5,140^th place)

"Nuclear impulse could deflect massive asteroid". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Retrieved 2023-04-25.

lsst.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Monthly updates". LSST Corporation. 10 December 2024. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2025.

mit.edu (Global: 415^th place; English: 327^th place)

mitpress.mit.edu

Kleiman Louis A., Project Icarus: an MIT Student Project in Systems Engineering Archived October 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT Press, 1968

tech.mit.edu

"MIT Course precept for movie" Archived November 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Tech, MIT, October 30, 1979

nap.edu (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,553^rd place)

books.nap.edu

National Academy of Sciences. 2010. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Available at: "Browse All Topics | the National Academies Press". Archived from the original on 2014-08-06. Retrieved 2016-10-02..

nap.edu

Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies ( 2010 ) National Academy of Sciences page 77. 2010. doi:10.17226/12842. ISBN 978-0-309-14968-6.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

nasa.gov

Bardan, Roxana (2022-10-11). "NASA Confirms DART Mission Impact Changed Asteroid's Motion in Space". NASA. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
"NASA Planetary Defense Strategy and Action Plan" (PDF). April 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
"NASA - Deep Impact's Impactor". www.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016.
"Planetary Defense Frequently Asked Questions | NASA". 29 December 2015. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
Talbert, Tricia (2022-01-31). "NASA Asteroid Tracking System Now Capable of Full Sky Search". NASA. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
Furfaro, Emily. NASA's DART Data Validates Kinetic Impact as Planetary Defense Method, NASA, 28 Feb. 2023, https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-dart-data-validates-kinetic-impact-as-planetary-defense-method.

neo.jpl.nasa.gov

"Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR)". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 23 October 2007. Archived from the original on 14 January 2004.
"Near-Earth Objects Search Program". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 23 October 2007. Archived from the original on 14 January 2004.
"NASA Releases Near-Earth Object Search Report". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 2003-10-01. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
"99942 Apophis (2004 MN4): Predicting Apophis' Earth Encounters in 2029 and 2036". Archived from the original on 2007-10-27.
"NEO Survey and Deflection Analysis and Alternatives". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-11-20. Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives Report to Congress March 2007
"Recently Discovered Asteroid Could Hit Mars in January". Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2007-12-22.

cneos.jpl.nasa.gov

Chodas, Paul; Khudikyan, Shakeh; Chamberlin, Alan (30 April 2021). "Planetary Defense Conference Exercise - 2021 Planetary Defense Conference (virtually) in Vienna, Austria, April 26–April 30, 2021". NASA. Retrieved 14 May 2021.

blogs.nasa.gov

"NASA, SpaceX Launch DART: First Planetary Defense Test Mission – Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission". blogs.nasa.gov. 24 November 2021. Retrieved 2022-08-24.

ntrs.nasa.gov

Canavan, G. H.; Solem, J. C.; Rather, D. G. (1993). "Proceedings of the Near-Earth-Object Interception Workshop, January 14–16, 1992, Los Alamos, NM". Los Alamos National Laboratory LA—12476-C.

impact.arc.nasa.gov

David Morrison. "NASA NEO Workshop". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 2008-01-22.

jpl.nasa.gov

Agle, D. C.; Brown, Dwayne (August 21, 2013). "NASA Spacecraft Reactivated to Hunt for Asteroids". NASA. Archived from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2018.

trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov

Asphaug, E.; Ostro, S. J.; Hudson, R. S.; Scheeres, D. J.; Benz, W. (1998). "Disruption of kilometre-sized asteroids by energetic collisions" (PDF). Nature. 393 (6684): 437–440. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..437A. doi:10.1038/30911. S2CID 4328861. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2016.

solarsystem.nasa.gov

"In Depth - Deep Impact (EPOXI)". NASA Solar System Exploration. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2022.

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-12.

neoshield.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"NEOShield Project". European Union Consortium. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
"Kinetic impactor -". 2016-08-29. Archived from the original on 2022-03-19. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
"NEOShield Project". European Union Consortium. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2016.

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

Aron, Jacob. UN Sets Up Asteroid Peacekeepers to Defend Earth, New Scientist website, October 28, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2014.

newswise.com (Global: 9,751^st place; English: 7,165^th place)

"We Saw It Coming: Asteroid Monitored from Outer Space to Ground Impact". Newswise. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2009.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Koschny, Detlef V.; Fast, Kelly E.; Kofler, Romana (2024). "About the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG)". Nature Communications. 15 (1) 4816. Nature. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4816K. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48600-x. PMC 11157023. PMID 38844765.
Lu, Edward T.; Love, Stanley G. (2005). "Gravitational Tractor For Towing Asteroids". Nature. 438 (7065): 177–178. arXiv:astro-ph/0509595. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..177L. doi:10.1038/438177a. PMID 16281025. S2CID 4414357.
Goldstein, R. M. (1968). "Radar Observations of Icarus". Science. 162 (3856): 903–4. Bibcode:1968Sci...162..903G. doi:10.1126/science.162.3856.903. PMID 17769079. S2CID 129644095.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Koschny, Detlef V.; Fast, Kelly E.; Kofler, Romana (2024). "About the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG)". Nature Communications. 15 (1) 4816. Nature. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4816K. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48600-x. PMC 11157023. PMID 38844765.

nist.gov (Global: 355^th place; English: 454^th place)

physics.nist.gov

"Physics.nist.gov". Physics.nist.gov. Retrieved 2011-11-08.

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

Chappell, Bill (February 22, 2023). "What happens now after Russia suspends the last nuclear arms treaty with the U.S.?". NPR. Retrieved April 24, 2023.

nps.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,562^nd place)

calhoun.nps.edu

Ross, I. M.; Park, S.-Y.; Porter, S. E. (2001). "Gravitational Effects of Earth in Optimizing Delta-V for Deflecting Earth-Crossing Asteroids" (PDF). Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 38 (5): 759–764. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.462.7487. doi:10.2514/2.3743. hdl:10945/30321. S2CID 123431410. Retrieved 2019-08-30.

nss.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Report of the Task Force on potentially hazardous Near Earth Objects" (PDF). British National Space Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-10. Retrieved 2008-10-21., p. 12.
"Near Earth Object (NEO) Mitigation Options Using Exploration Technologies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2015.
"Preparing for Planetary Defense: Detection and Interception of Asteroids on Collision Course with Earth" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
"Preparing for Planetary Defense" (PDF). SpaceCast 2020 (Report). Air University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-26.
John M. Urias; Iole M. DeAngelis; Donald A. Ahern; Jack S. Caszatt; George W. Fenimore III; Michael J. Wadzinski (October 1996). "Planetary Defense: Catastrophic Health Insurance for Planet Earth" (PDF). Air Force 2025 (PDF) (Report). Air University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-17.
"Using Lasers in Space: Laser Orbital Debris Removal and Asteroid Deflection" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
"Comet/Asteroid Protection System (CAPS): Preliminary Space-Based System Concept and Study Results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
"National Space Society, From Ad Astra, Volume 18 Number 2, Summer 2006". Archived from the original on 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2013-11-25.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Andrews, Robin George (8 March 2019). "If We Blow Up an Asteroid, It Might Put Itself Back Together – Despite what Hollywood tells us, stopping an asteroid from creating an extinction-level event by blowing it up may not work". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
Chang, Kenneth (14 June 2018). "Asteroids and Adversaries: Challenging What NASA Knows About Space Rocks". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
Chang, Kenneth. More Asteroid Strikes Are Likely, Scientists Say, The New York Times website, November 6, 2013, and in print on November 7, 2013, p. A12 of the New York edition. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
Broad, William J. Vindication for Entrepreneurs Watching Sky: Yes, It Can Fall Archived November 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times website, February 16, 2013 and in print on February 17, 2013, p. A1 of the New York edition. Retrieved June 27, 2014.

obtronics.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How to Colonize an Asteroid Solenoids". Archived from the original on 2006-01-03.

osti.gov (Global: 2,036^th place; English: 1,254^th place)

Solem, J. C. (1993). "Interception of comets and asteroids on collision course with Earth". Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 30 (2): 222–228. Bibcode:1993JSpRo..30..222S. doi:10.2514/3.11531. OSTI 10123149.

phys.org (Global: 1,283^rd place; English: 1,130^th place)

Johns Hopkins University (4 March 2019). "Asteroids are stronger, harder to destroy than previously thought". Phys.org. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
"Scientists design conceptual asteroid deflector and evaluate it against massive potential threat". Phys.org. March 15, 2018. Archived from the original on April 23, 2018.

popsci.com (Global: 2,941^st place; English: 2,021^st place)

Dillow, Clay (9 April 2012). "How it Would Work: Destroying an Incoming Killer Asteroid With a Nuclear Blast". Popular Science. Bonnier. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

post-gazette.com (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

"Astronauts push for strategies, spacecraft to prevent calamitous asteroid strike". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. November 28, 2005. Retrieved 2008-01-18.

psi.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

orbit.psi.edu

"Project Stopped". Orbit.psi.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2013-10-29.
"orbit@home is upgrading!". Orbit.psi.edu. Archived from the original on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2013-10-29.
"The orbit@home project is currently offline". Orbit.psi.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2018-07-13.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Ross, I. M.; Park, S.-Y.; Porter, S. E. (2001). "Gravitational Effects of Earth in Optimizing Delta-V for Deflecting Earth-Crossing Asteroids" (PDF). Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 38 (5): 759–764. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.462.7487. doi:10.2514/2.3743. hdl:10945/30321. S2CID 123431410. Retrieved 2019-08-30.

publicintegrity.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Birch, Douglas (October 16, 2013). "A new use for nuclear weapons: hunting rogue asteroids". Center for Public Integrity. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016.

qz.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 695^th place)

Haldevang, Max de (14 October 2018). "Stephen Hawking left us bold predictions on AI, superhumans, and aliens". Quartz. Retrieved 15 October 2018.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Canavan, G. H; Solem, J. C. (1992). "Interception of near-Earth objects". Mercury. 21 (3): 107–109. Bibcode:1992Mercu..21..107C. ISSN 0047-6773.

scitechdaily.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Atkinson, Nancy. We Already Have the Technology to Save Earth from a "Don't Look up" Asteroid, SciTechDaily, 10 July 2022, https://scitechdaily.com/we-already-have-the-technology-to-save-earth-from-a-dont-look-up-asteroid/.

sei.aero (Global: low place; English: low place)

Olds, John R, et al. Multiple Mass Drivers as an Option for Asteroid Deflection Missions, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI), Atlanta, Georgia, 30338, http://www.sei.aero/archive/AIAA-2007_S3-7.pdf.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

El Mir, Charles; Ramesh, KT; Richardson, Derek C. (15 March 2019). "A new hybrid framework for simulating hypervelocity asteroid impacts and gravitational reaccumulation". Icarus. 321: 1013–1025. Bibcode:2019Icar..321.1013E. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.032. S2CID 127119234.
Lu, Edward T.; Love, Stanley G. (2005). "Gravitational Tractor For Towing Asteroids". Nature. 438 (7065): 177–178. arXiv:astro-ph/0509595. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..177L. doi:10.1038/438177a. PMID 16281025. S2CID 4414357.
Ross, I. M.; Park, S.-Y.; Porter, S. E. (2001). "Gravitational Effects of Earth in Optimizing Delta-V for Deflecting Earth-Crossing Asteroids" (PDF). Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 38 (5): 759–764. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.462.7487. doi:10.2514/2.3743. hdl:10945/30321. S2CID 123431410. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
Goldstein, R. M. (1968). "Radar Observations of Icarus". Science. 162 (3856): 903–4. Bibcode:1968Sci...162..903G. doi:10.1126/science.162.3856.903. PMID 17769079. S2CID 129644095.
Horan, Lansing S.; Holland, Darren E.; Bruck Syal, Megan; Bevins, James E.; Wasem, Joseph V. (2021-06-01). "Impact of neutron energy on asteroid deflection performance". Acta Astronautica. 183: 29–42. Bibcode:2021AcAau.183...29H. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.02.028. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 233791597.
Asphaug, E.; Ostro, S. J.; Hudson, R. S.; Scheeres, D. J.; Benz, W. (1998). "Disruption of kilometre-sized asteroids by energetic collisions" (PDF). Nature. 393 (6684): 437–440. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..437A. doi:10.1038/30911. S2CID 4328861. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2016.
Dearborn, David S. P.; Bruck Syal, Megan; Barbee, Brent W.; Gisler, Galen; Greenaugh, Kevin; Howley, Kirsten M.; Leung, Ronald; Lyzhoft, Joshua; Miller, Paul L.; Nuth, Joseph A.; Plesko, Catherine S.; Seery, Bernard D.; Wasem, Joseph V.; Weaver, Robert P.; Zebenay, Melak (2020-01-01). "Options and uncertainties in planetary defense: Impulse-dependent response and the physical properties of asteroids". Acta Astronautica. 166: 290–305. Bibcode:2020AcAau.166..290D. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.10.026. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 208840044.
Schleicher, David G.; Barnes, Kate L.; Baugh, Nicole F. (2006). "Photometry and Imaging Results for Comet 9P/Tempel 1 and Deep Impact: Gas Production Rates, Postimpact Light Curves, and Ejecta Plume Morphology". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1130–1137. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1130S. doi:10.1086/499301. S2CID 123344560.
Melosh, H. J.; Nemchinov, I. V. (1993). "Solar asteroid diversion". Nature. 366 (6450): 21–22. Bibcode:1993Natur.366...21M. doi:10.1038/366021a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4367291.
Vasylyev, V. P. (2012-12-22). "Deflection of Hazardous Near-Earth Objects by High Concentrated Sunlight and Adequate Design of Optical Collector". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 110 (1–2): 67–79. doi:10.1007/s11038-012-9410-2. ISSN 0167-9295. S2CID 120563921.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503^rd place; English: 364^th place)

Tedeschi, Diane (October 2019). "How Worried Should We Be About Asteroids?". Air & Space/Smithsonian. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved October 29, 2024.

space.com (Global: 936^th place; English: 713^th place)

Wall, Mike (2 May 2019). "A Killer Asteroid Is Coming — We Don't Know When (So Let's Be Ready), Bill Nye Says". Space.com. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Bartels, Meghan (1 May 2021). "How did you spend your week? NASA pretended to crash an asteroid into Earth". Space.com. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
Wall, Mike (July 10, 2012). "Private Space Telescope Project Could Boost Asteroid Mining". Space.com. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
"Nuking Dangerous Asteroids Might be the Best Protection, Expert Says". Space.com. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2013-07-02. Nuking Dangerous Asteroids Might Be the Best Protection, Expert Says. Includes a supercomputer simulation video provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Mike Wall (2014-02-14). "How Nuclear Bombs Could Save Earth from Killer Asteroids". Space.com. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
"About 17,000 Big Near-Earth Asteroids Remain Undetected: How NASA Could Spot Them". Space.com. 10 April 2018.
Leonard David. Asteroid Threat to Earth Sparks Global 'NEOShield' Project Archived March 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, SPACE.com, 26 January 2012.

spaceguarduk.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Why we have Asteroid "Scares"". Spaceguard UK. Archived from the original on December 22, 2007.

spacenews.com (Global: 1,876^th place; English: 1,225^th place)

Foust, Jeff (2024-07-16). "China reschedules planetary defense mission for 2027 launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2025-05-31.

spaceref.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hearing Charter: Near-Earth Objects: Status of the Survey Program and Review of NASA's 2007 Report to Congress | SpaceRef Canada – Your Daily Source of Canadian Space News". Archived from the original on 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2021-02-27.

spacesailing.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Planetary Defense Conference 2007, Washington D.C. Head-On Impact Deflection of NEAs: A Case Study for 99942 Apophis. Bernd Dachwald, Ralph Kahle, Bong Wie, Published in 2007.pg 3" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016.

spie.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Philip Lubin: A space-based array for planetary defense". spie.org. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015.

swri.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

b612.boulder.swri.edu

"PROJECT B612: Deflecting an Asteroid using Nuclear-Powered Plasma Drive Propulsion (home page)". Project B612 (now B612 Foundation). November 26, 2002. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2012.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Yuhas, Alan (13 December 2016). "Earth woefully unprepared for surprise comet or asteroid, Nasa scientist warns". The Guardian.

thespacereview.com (Global: 9,535^th place; English: 6,953^rd place)

Day, Dwayne A., "Giant bombs on giant rockets: Project Icarus" Archived April 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Space Review, Monday, July 5, 2004

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

content.time.com

"Systems Engineering: Avoiding an Asteroid" Archived July 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Time, June 16, 1967.

tsunamisociety.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Solem, J. C. (1999). "Comet and asteroid hazards: Threat and mitigation". Science of Tsunami Hazards. 17 (3): 141–154.

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,115^th place; English: 741^st place)

deepspace.ucsb.edu

"DE-STAR".

unoosa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Statement by IAWN Representative to STSC 61th session" (PDF). UN Office for Outer Space Affairs.
"NPS Principles". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2023-04-25.

unt.edu (Global: 1,336^th place; English: 769^th place)

digital.library.unt.edu

Solem, J. C. (1993). "Interception of comets and asteroids on collision course with Earth". Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 30 (2): 222–228. Bibcode:1993JSpRo..30..222S. doi:10.2514/3.11531. OSTI 10123149.

usra.edu (Global: 2,838^th place; English: 2,185^th place)

lpi.usra.edu

Hildebrand, A. R.; Tedesco, E. F.; Carroll, K. A.; et al. (2008). The Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) Mission Will Conduct an Efficient Space-Based Asteroid Survey at Low Solar Elongations (PDF). Asteroids, Comets, Meteors. Bibcode:2008LPICo1405.8293H. Paper id 8293.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

Stanley-Becker, Isaac (15 October 2018). "Stephen Hawking feared race of 'superhumans' able to manipulate their own DNA". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
Verma, Pranshu (21 October 2022). "There's a new tool to help blow up asteroids - Researchers from MIT and Stanford have created a tool that could improve the aim of future planetary defense missions". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 October 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Powell, Corey S. (December 20, 2021). "How prepared is Earth for an asteroid collision?". Astronomy. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
Homer, Aaron (28 April 2018). "Earth Will Be Hit By An Asteroid With 100 Percent Certainty, Says Space-Watching Group B612". Inquisitr. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
Lu, Edward T. and Stanley G. Love. A Gravitational Tractor for Towing Asteroids, NASA, Johnson Space Center, submitted to arxiv.org September 20, 2005. (PDF document Archived October 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine).
"Report of the Task Force on potentially hazardous Near Earth Objects" (PDF). British National Space Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-10. Retrieved 2008-10-21., p. 12.
Morrison, D., 25 January 1992, The Spaceguard Survey: Report of the NASA International Near-Earth-Object Detection Workshop Archived October 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, NASA, Washington, D.C.
National Academy of Sciences. 2010. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Available at: "Browse All Topics | the National Academies Press". Archived from the original on 2014-08-06. Retrieved 2016-10-02..
"Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR)". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 23 October 2007. Archived from the original on 14 January 2004.
NEO discovery statistics from JPL. Shows the number of asteroids of various types (potentially hazardous, size > 1 km, etc.) that different programs have discovered, by year.
"The Spacewatch Project". Archived from the original on 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
"Near-Earth Objects Search Program". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 23 October 2007. Archived from the original on 14 January 2004.
"NEOShield Project". European Union Consortium. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
"NASA Releases Near-Earth Object Search Report". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 2003-10-01. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
David Morrison. "NASA NEO Workshop". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 2008-01-22.
Powell, Corey S. "Developing Early Warning Systems for Killer Asteroids" Archived October 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Discover, August 14, 2013, pp. 60–61 (subscription required).
"The Sentinel Mission". B612 Foundation. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
Broad, William J. Vindication for Entrepreneurs Watching Sky: Yes, It Can Fall Archived November 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times website, February 16, 2013 and in print on February 17, 2013, p. A1 of the New York edition. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
Powell, Corey S. How to Deflect a Killer Asteroid: Researchers Come Up With Contingency Plans That Could Help Our Planet Dodge A Cosmic Bullet Archived August 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Discover website, September 18, 2013 (subscription required), and in print as "How to Dodge a Cosmic Bullet", October 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
"PROJECT B612: Deflecting an Asteroid using Nuclear-Powered Plasma Drive Propulsion (home page)". Project B612 (now B612 Foundation). November 26, 2002. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
"Project Stopped". Orbit.psi.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2013-10-29.
"orbit@home is upgrading!". Orbit.psi.edu. Archived from the original on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2013-10-29.
"The orbit@home project is currently offline". Orbit.psi.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2018-07-13.
"Monthly updates". LSST Corporation. 10 December 2024. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
Spears, Tom (May 2, 2008). "Canada space mission targets asteroids". Calgary Herald via Canada.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
Agle, D. C.; Brown, Dwayne (August 21, 2013). "NASA Spacecraft Reactivated to Hunt for Asteroids". NASA. Archived from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
"We Saw It Coming: Asteroid Monitored from Outer Space to Ground Impact". Newswise. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2009.
"99942 Apophis (2004 MN4): Predicting Apophis' Earth Encounters in 2029 and 2036". Archived from the original on 2007-10-27.
"Why we have Asteroid "Scares"". Spaceguard UK. Archived from the original on December 22, 2007.
Solem, J. C.; Snell, C. (1994). "Terminal intercept for less than one orbital period warning Archived May 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine", a chapter in Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids, Geherels, T., ed. (University of Arizona Press, Tucson), pp. 1013–1034.
"Planetary Defense Conference 2007, Washington D.C. Head-On Impact Deflection of NEAs: A Case Study for 99942 Apophis. Bernd Dachwald, Ralph Kahle, Bong Wie, Published in 2007.pg 3" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016.
Weaver; et al. (2011). "RAGE Hydrocode Modeling of Asteroid Mitigation:Surface and Subsurface Explosions in Porous PHO Objects". Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2018-04-09.
Further RAGE modeling of Asteroid mitigation, surface and subsurface explosions in porous objects. Weaver et al. 2011
"Data Contribute to Certification Fred N. Mortensen, John M. Scott, and Stirling A. Colgate". Archived from the original on 2016-12-23. Retrieved 2016-12-23.
"LANL: Los Alamos Science: LA Science No. 28". June 12, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-12.
Solem, J. C. (1995). "Interception and disruption", in Proceedings of Planetary Defense Workshop, Livermore, CA, May 22–26, 1995, CONF-9505266 (LLNL, Livermore, CA), pp. 219–228 (236–246).
Coppinger, Rob (August 3, 2007). "NASA plans 'Armageddon' spacecraft to blast asteroid". Flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-05. The warheads would explode at a distance of one-third of the NEO's diameter and each detonation's X and gamma rays and neutrons would turn part of the NEO's surface into an expanding plasma to generate a force to deflect the asteroid.
"NASA plans 'Armageddon' spacecraft to blast asteroid". Retrieved 2014-08-03.
"Systems Engineering: Avoiding an Asteroid" Archived July 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Time, June 16, 1967.
Day, Dwayne A., "Giant bombs on giant rockets: Project Icarus" Archived April 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Space Review, Monday, July 5, 2004
Kleiman Louis A., Project Icarus: an MIT Student Project in Systems Engineering Archived October 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT Press, 1968
"Project Icarus". Archived from the original on June 2, 2016.
"MIT Course precept for movie" Archived November 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Tech, MIT, October 30, 1979
"NEO Survey and Deflection Analysis and Alternatives". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-11-20. Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives Report to Congress March 2007
"Near Earth Object (NEO) Mitigation Options Using Exploration Technologies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2015.
Towards Designing an Integrated Architecture for NEO Characterization, Mitigation, Scientific Evaluation, and Resource Utilization
Asphaug, E.; Ostro, S. J.; Hudson, R. S.; Scheeres, D. J.; Benz, W. (1998). "Disruption of kilometre-sized asteroids by energetic collisions" (PDF). Nature. 393 (6684): 437–440. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..437A. doi:10.1038/30911. S2CID 4328861. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2016.
"Nuking Dangerous Asteroids Might be the Best Protection, Expert Says". Space.com. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2013-07-02. Nuking Dangerous Asteroids Might Be the Best Protection, Expert Says. Includes a supercomputer simulation video provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory.
"EADP". May 5, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-05-05.
Planetary defense workshop LLNL 1995
Jason Mick (October 17, 2013). "The mother of all bombs would sit in wait in an orbitary platform". Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Birch, Douglas (October 16, 2013). "A new use for nuclear weapons: hunting rogue asteroids". Center for Public Integrity. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016.
"United States, Russia Sign Agreement to Further Research and Development Collaboration in Nuclear Energy and Security". Energy.gov. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
"NASA - Deep Impact's Impactor". www.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016.
"Kinetic impactor -". 2016-08-29. Archived from the original on 2022-03-19. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
"NEOShield Project". European Union Consortium. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
Chapman, Clark R. and Daniel D. Durda. The Comet/Asteroid Impact Hazard: A Systems Approach Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Boulder, CO: Office of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Space Engineering and Technology Branch, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.
"Welcome to SpaceCast 2020". Center for Strategy and Technology. Air University. Archived from the original on 2009-03-02.
"Preparing for Planetary Defense: Detection and Interception of Asteroids on Collision Course with Earth" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
"Preparing for Planetary Defense" (PDF). SpaceCast 2020 (Report). Air University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-26.
"Welcome to Air Force 2025". Center for Strategy and Technology. Air University. Archived from the original on 2008-12-20.
John M. Urias; Iole M. DeAngelis; Donald A. Ahern; Jack S. Caszatt; George W. Fenimore III; Michael J. Wadzinski (October 1996). "Planetary Defense: Catastrophic Health Insurance for Planet Earth" (PDF). Air Force 2025 (PDF) (Report). Air University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-17.
"Using Lasers in Space: Laser Orbital Debris Removal and Asteroid Deflection" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
"Comet/Asteroid Protection System (CAPS): Preliminary Space-Based System Concept and Study Results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
"Philip Lubin: A space-based array for planetary defense". spie.org. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015.
Is an asteroid capture possible/feasible?; Asteroid movement/retrieval; Asteroid relocation/mining; etceras... Archived November 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Space-tech Digest #70 [bulletin board], Carnegie Mellon University, July 19–25, 1990.
"How to Colonize an Asteroid Solenoids". Archived from the original on 2006-01-03.
"National Space Society, From Ad Astra, Volume 18 Number 2, Summer 2006". Archived from the original on 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2013-11-25.
"Subcommittee Questions NASA's Plan for Detecting Hazardous Asteroids". Archived from the original on 2011-05-06.
Donald K. Yeomans (2007-11-08). "Testimony Before The House Committee On Science And Technology Subcommittee On Space And Aeronautics: Near-Earth Objects (NEOS) – Status Of The Survey Program And Review Of Nasa's Report To Congress" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-01-31.
"Planetary Defense Frequently Asked Questions | NASA". 29 December 2015. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
"Home | Catalina Sky Survey". catalina.lpl.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016.
Stiles, Lori (21 December 2007). "Catalina Sky Survey Discovers Space Rock That Could Hit Mars". Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
"Recently Discovered Asteroid Could Hit Mars in January". Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
Leonard David. Asteroid Threat to Earth Sparks Global 'NEOShield' Project Archived March 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, SPACE.com, 26 January 2012.

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

Madrigal, Alexis (16 December 2009). "Saving Earth From an Asteroid Will Take Diplomats, Not Heroes". WIRED. Retrieved 17 December 2009.

world-nuclear-news.org (Global: 4,951^st place; English: 3,620^th place)

"Nuclear power in space is focus of IAEA and UN events : Nuclear Policies - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. 21 February 2022. Retrieved 2023-04-25.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Canavan, G. H; Solem, J. C. (1992). "Interception of near-Earth objects". Mercury. 21 (3): 107–109. Bibcode:1992Mercu..21..107C. ISSN 0047-6773.
Horan, Lansing S.; Holland, Darren E.; Bruck Syal, Megan; Bevins, James E.; Wasem, Joseph V. (2021-06-01). "Impact of neutron energy on asteroid deflection performance". Acta Astronautica. 183: 29–42. Bibcode:2021AcAau.183...29H. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.02.028. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 233791597.
Dearborn, David S. P.; Bruck Syal, Megan; Barbee, Brent W.; Gisler, Galen; Greenaugh, Kevin; Howley, Kirsten M.; Leung, Ronald; Lyzhoft, Joshua; Miller, Paul L.; Nuth, Joseph A.; Plesko, Catherine S.; Seery, Bernard D.; Wasem, Joseph V.; Weaver, Robert P.; Zebenay, Melak (2020-01-01). "Options and uncertainties in planetary defense: Impulse-dependent response and the physical properties of asteroids". Acta Astronautica. 166: 290–305. Bibcode:2020AcAau.166..290D. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.10.026. ISSN 0094-5765. S2CID 208840044.
Melosh, H. J.; Nemchinov, I. V. (1993). "Solar asteroid diversion". Nature. 366 (6450): 21–22. Bibcode:1993Natur.366...21M. doi:10.1038/366021a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4367291.
Vasylyev, V. P. (2012-12-22). "Deflection of Hazardous Near-Earth Objects by High Concentrated Sunlight and Adequate Design of Optical Collector". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 110 (1–2): 67–79. doi:10.1007/s11038-012-9410-2. ISSN 0167-9295. S2CID 120563921.

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)

"Declassified U.S. Nuclear Test Film #34". www.youtube.com. 31 October 2007.

Asteroid impact avoidance (English Wikipedia)

af.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,727th place)

airuniversity.af.edu

af.mil (Global: 439th place; English: 283rd place)

csat.au.af.mil

aip.org (Global: 2,204th place; English: 1,735th place)

scitation.aip.org

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

archives.gov (Global: 446th place; English: 308th place)

trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov

arizona.edu (Global: 1,592nd place; English: 1,119th place)

spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu

catalina.lpl.arizona.edu

arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; English: 59th place)

asteroiddefence.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

astronomy.com (Global: low place; English: 8,690th place)

b612foundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 140th place; English: 115th place)

canada.com (Global: 1,162nd place; English: 731st place)

cmu.edu (Global: 1,564th place; English: 1,028th place)

cs.cmu.edu

dailytech.com (Global: low place; English: 8,724th place)

defense.gov (Global: 1,038th place; English: 668th place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,042nd place; English: 2,171st place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

energy.gov (Global: 2,081st place; English: 1,387th place)

esa.int (Global: 1,482nd place; English: 1,468th place)

cosmos.esa.int

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

cordis.europa.eu

fas.org (Global: 505th place; English: 410th place)

flightglobal.com (Global: 223rd place; English: 162nd place)

ft.com (Global: 210th place; English: 157th place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 474th place; English: 329th place)

gpo.gov (Global: 1,360th place; English: 845th place)

hackaday.com (Global: low place; English: 7,505th place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

house.gov (Global: 529th place; English: 314th place)

democrats.science.house.gov

iawn.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

inquisitr.com (Global: 1,934th place; English: 1,238th place)

internationalspace.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ips.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

jhuapl.edu (Global: 6,195th place; English: 5,404th place)

dart.jhuapl.edu

lanl.gov (Global: 3,495th place; English: 2,913th place)

permalink.lanl.gov

la-science.lanl.gov

latimes.com (Global: 22nd place; English: 19th place)

llnl.gov (Global: 6,750th place; English: 5,140th place)

lsst.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

mit.edu (Global: 415th place; English: 327th place)

mitpress.mit.edu

tech.mit.edu

nap.edu (Global: 2,128th place; English: 1,553rd place)

books.nap.edu

nap.edu

nasa.gov (Global: 75th place; English: 83rd place)

nasa.gov

neo.jpl.nasa.gov

cneos.jpl.nasa.gov

blogs.nasa.gov

ntrs.nasa.gov

impact.arc.nasa.gov

jpl.nasa.gov

trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov

solarsystem.nasa.gov

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

neoshield.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774th place; English: 716th place)

newswise.com (Global: 9,751st place; English: 7,165th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nist.gov (Global: 355th place; English: 454th place)

af.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,727^th place)

af.mil (Global: 439^th place; English: 283^rd place)

aip.org (Global: 2,204^th place; English: 1,735^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

archives.gov (Global: 446^th place; English: 308^th place)

arizona.edu (Global: 1,592^nd place; English: 1,119^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

astronomy.com (Global: low place; English: 8,690^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; English: 115^th place)

canada.com (Global: 1,162^nd place; English: 731^st place)

cmu.edu (Global: 1,564^th place; English: 1,028^th place)

dailytech.com (Global: low place; English: 8,724^th place)

defense.gov (Global: 1,038^th place; English: 668^th place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,042^nd place; English: 2,171^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

energy.gov (Global: 2,081^st place; English: 1,387^th place)

esa.int (Global: 1,482^nd place; English: 1,468^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

fas.org (Global: 505^th place; English: 410^th place)

flightglobal.com (Global: 223^rd place; English: 162^nd place)

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; English: 329^th place)

gpo.gov (Global: 1,360^th place; English: 845^th place)

hackaday.com (Global: low place; English: 7,505^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

house.gov (Global: 529^th place; English: 314^th place)

inquisitr.com (Global: 1,934^th place; English: 1,238^th place)

jhuapl.edu (Global: 6,195^th place; English: 5,404^th place)

lanl.gov (Global: 3,495^th place; English: 2,913^th place)

latimes.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 19^th place)

llnl.gov (Global: 6,750^th place; English: 5,140^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 415^th place; English: 327^th place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,553^rd place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

newswise.com (Global: 9,751^st place; English: 7,165^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

nist.gov (Global: 355^th place; English: 454^th place)

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

nps.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,562^nd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

osti.gov (Global: 2,036^th place; English: 1,254^th place)

phys.org (Global: 1,283^rd place; English: 1,130^th place)

popsci.com (Global: 2,941^st place; English: 2,021^st place)

post-gazette.com (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

qz.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 695^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503^rd place; English: 364^th place)

space.com (Global: 936^th place; English: 713^th place)

spacenews.com (Global: 1,876^th place; English: 1,225^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

thespacereview.com (Global: 9,535^th place; English: 6,953^rd place)

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,115^th place; English: 741^st place)

unt.edu (Global: 1,336^th place; English: 769^th place)

usra.edu (Global: 2,838^th place; English: 2,185^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

world-nuclear-news.org (Global: 4,951^st place; English: 3,620^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)