BIOS (English Wikipedia)

Akeljic, Bekir (2017-01-01). "BIOS BASIC INPUT/ OUTPUT SYSTEM BIOS FUNCTIONS AND MODIFICATIONS". BIOS: 12. Archived from the original on 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-08-08 – via INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TRAVNIKFACULITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRAVNIKSOFTWARE PROGRAMMING.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Glass, Brett (1989). "The IBM PC BIOS". Byte: 303–310. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
Phoenix Technologies, Ltd. (June 1991). System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers — The Complete Guide to ROM-Based System Software. Phoenix Technical Reference Series (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 0-201-57760-7.
Phoenix Technologies, Ltd. (1989) [1987]. System BIOS for IBM PC/XT/AT Computers and Compatibles — The Complete Guide to ROM-Based System Software. Phoenix Technical Reference Series (1st ed.). Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 0-201-51806-6.

archiveteam.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

fileformats.archiveteam.org

"Award BIOS logo". 2015-06-15. Archived from the original on 2015-12-21. Retrieved 2015-12-06.

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

"Windows 8 secure boot could complicate Linux installs". 2011-09-21.

bitsavers.org (Global: 3,844^th place; English: 1,960^th place)

"iAPX 86,88 User's Manual" (PDF). Intel. 1981. System Reset, p. 2-29, table 2-4. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
"80386 Programmer's Reference Manual" (PDF). Intel. 1990. Section 10.1 Processor State After Reset, pages 10-1 - 10.3.
"80386 Programmer's Reference Manual" (PDF). Intel. 1990. Section 10.2.3 First Instruction, p. 10-4. Retrieved 2013-11-03. Execution begins with the instruction addressed by the initial contents of the CS and IP registers. To allow the initialization software to be placed in a ROM at the top of the address space, the high 12 bits of addresses issued for the code segment are set, until the first instruction which loads the CS register, such as a far jump or call. As a result, instruction fetching begins from address 0FFFFFFF0H.

blackhat.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Black Hat 2006 Multimedia - Presentation, Audio and Video Archives". www.blackhat.com. Retrieved 2019-04-21.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Sanchez, Julio; Canton, Maria P. (2003-02-26). The PC Graphics Handbook. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-203-01053-2.
Beales, R. P. (2006-08-11). PC Systems, Installation and Maintenance. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-37441-8.
Clarke, Glen E.; Tetz, Edward (2007-01-30). CompTIA A+ Certification All-In-One Desk Reference for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-74811-3.
Micheloni, Rino; Crippa, Luca; Marelli, Alessia (2010-07-27). Inside NAND Flash Memories. Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-9431-5.
Mueller, Scott (2004). Upgrading and Repairing PCS. Que. ISBN 978-0-7897-2974-3.
Clarke, Glen E.; Tetz, Edward (2007-01-30). CompTIA A+ Certification All-In-One Desk Reference for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-74811-3.
"Phoenix Eagerly Waiting to Clone Next-Generation IBM BIOS". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 10. 1987-03-09. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2014-01-22.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

"How did 60 Minutes get cameras into a spy agency?". CBS News. 2013-12-15. Archived from the original on 2014-04-22. Retrieved 2014-04-15.

cnst.su (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnst.su

Constantine A. Murenin (2010-05-21). "11.1. Interfacing from the BIOS". OpenBSD Hardware Sensors – Environmental Monitoring and Fan Control (MMath thesis). University of Waterloo: UWSpace. hdl:10012/5234. Document ID: ab71498b6b1a60ff817b29d56997a418.

sensors.cnst.su

Constantine A. Murenin (2007-04-17). "2. Hardware review". Generalised Interfacing with Microprocessor System Hardware Monitors. Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 15–17 April 2007. London, United Kingdom: IEEE. pp. 901–906. doi:10.1109/ICNSC.2007.372901. ISBN 978-1-4244-1076-7. IEEE ICNSC 2007, pp. 901—906.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

computerhistory.org

Shustek, Len (2016-08-02). "In His Own Words: Gary Kildall". Remarkable People. Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2016-12-17.

archive.computerhistory.org

Fraley, Bob; Spicer, Dag (2007-01-26). "Oral History of Joseph Killian, Interviewed by: Bob Fraley, Edited by: Dag Spicer, Recorded: January 26, 2007, Mountain View, California, CHM Reference number: X3879.2007" (PDF). Computer History Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2013-06-03.

congatec.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Create and add an OEM ACPI SLIC table module to a congatec BIOS" (PDF). congatec.com. 2011-06-16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-08-02. Retrieved 2015-02-03.

custompc.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Alex Watson (2007-11-27). "The life and times of the modern motherboard". Archived from the original on 2007-12-29.

ddj.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Swaine, Michael (1997-04-01). "Gary Kildall and Collegial Entrepreneurship". Dr. Dobb's Journal. Archived from the original on 2007-01-24. Retrieved 2006-11-20.

debian.org (Global: 3,258^th place; English: 2,984^th place)

wiki.debian.org

"Microcode - Debian Wiki". wiki.debian.org. Retrieved 2020-09-19.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Constantine A. Murenin (2007-04-17). "2. Hardware review". Generalised Interfacing with Microprocessor System Hardware Monitors. Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 15–17 April 2007. London, United Kingdom: IEEE. pp. 901–906. doi:10.1109/ICNSC.2007.372901. ISBN 978-1-4244-1076-7. IEEE ICNSC 2007, pp. 901—906.
IEEE Standard for Boot (Initialization Configuration) Firmware: Core Requirements and Practices. 1994-10-28. pp. 1–262. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1994.89427. ISBN 978-0-7381-1194-0. IEEE STD 1275-1994.

dragonflybsd.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

leaf.dragonflybsd.org

aibs(4) – DragonFly BSD Devices and Device Drivers Manual

exploiting.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sacco, Anibal; Alfredo Ortéga (2009-03-23). "Persistent BIOS Infection". Exploiting Stuff. Archived from the original on 2009-08-04. Retrieved 2010-02-06.

freebsd.org (Global: 6,366^th place; English: 5,010^th place)

aibs(4) – FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual
acpi_thermal(4) – FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual

geek.com (Global: 8,726^th place; English: 5,901^st place)

"SplashTop's Instant-On Linux Desktop | Geek.com". Archived from the original on 2008-09-07.

gitbooks.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

0xax.gitbooks.io

"Booting · Linux Inside". 0xax.gitbooks.io. Retrieved 2020-11-10.

guytechie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How SLP and SLIC Works". guytechie.com. 2010-02-25. Archived from the original on 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2015-02-03.

hardwaresecrets.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Torres, Gabriel (2004-11-24). "Introduction and Lithium Battery". Replacing the Motherboard Battery. hardwaresecrets.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-06-20.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Constantine A. Murenin (2010-05-21). "11.1. Interfacing from the BIOS". OpenBSD Hardware Sensors – Environmental Monitoring and Fan Control (MMath thesis). University of Waterloo: UWSpace. hdl:10012/5234. Document ID: ab71498b6b1a60ff817b29d56997a418.

heise.de (Global: 905^th place; English: 3,454^th place)

heise.de

Stiller, Andreas; Paul, Matthias R. (1996-05-12). "Prozessorgeflüster". c't – magazin für computertechnik. Trends & News / aktuell - Prozessoren (in German). Vol. 1996, no. 6. Verlag Heinz Heise GmbH & Co KG. p. 20. ISSN 0724-8679. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2017-08-28.

shop.heise.de

Stiller, Andreas (2001). "Prozessor-Patches". c't (in German) (5). Heise: 240. Archived from the original on 2015-11-22. Retrieved 2015-11-21.

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354^th place; English: 958^th place)

computer.howstuffworks.com

"How StuffWorks: What BIOS Does". Archived from the original on 2008-02-07.

howtogeek.com (Global: 8,729^th place; English: 6,329^th place)

Edwards, Benj (2020-11-14). "Why Did '90s PCs Have Keyhole Locks, and What Did They Do?". How-To Geek. Retrieved 2026-06-04.
Edwards, Benj (2020-11-14). "Why Did '90s PCs Have Keyhole Locks, and What Did They Do?". How-To Geek. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

hp.com (Global: 4,971^st place; English: 3,200^th place)

ftp.hp.com

"HP BIOS Configuration Utility". Hewlett-Packard. 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-01-12. Retrieved 2015-01-12.

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

standards.ieee.org

"IEEE Standards Association". IEEE Standards Association. Retrieved 2023-04-26.

imsai.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Killian, A. Joseph "Joe" (2001). "Gary Kildall's CP/M: Some early CP/M history - 1976-1977". Thomas "Todd" Fischer, IMSAI. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2013-06-03.

informit.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mueller, Scott (2001-06-08). Processor Update Feature | Microprocessor Types and Specifications. InformIT. Archived from the original on 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2014-04-15.

intel.com (Global: 1,727^th place; English: 1,234^th place)

intel.com

"Unified Extensible Firmware Interface". Intel.
"Intel® Platform Innovation Framework for EFI Compatibility Support Module Specification (revision 0.97)" (PDF). Intel. 2007-09-04. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
"Removal of Legacy Boot Support for Intel Platforms Technical Advisory". Retrieved 2024-07-25.
"Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) and Unified EFI (UEFI)". Intel. Archived from the original on 2010-01-05. Retrieved 2014-12-06.

download.intel.com

"Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual" (PDF). Intel. May 2012. Section 9.1.4 First Instruction Executed, p. 2611. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-08. Retrieved 2012-08-23. The first instruction that is fetched and executed following a hardware reset is located at physical address FFFFFFF0h. This address is 16 bytes below the processor's uppermost physical address. The EPROM containing the software-initialization code must be located at this address.
David Hilber Jr. (August 2009). "Considerations for Designing an Embedded Intel Architecture System with System Memory Down" (PDF). Intel. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2013-02-02.

downloadcenter.intel.com

"Linux* Processor Microcode Data File". Download Center. Downloadcenter.intel.com. 2009-09-23. Archived from the original on 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2014-04-15.

lifehacker.com (Global: 6,820^th place; English: 4,924^th place)

Whitson Gordon (2014-01-13). "A Beginner's Introduction to Overclocking Your Intel Processor". Lifehacker. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on 2014-12-07. Retrieved 2014-12-06.

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

microsoft.com

"Windows and GPT FAQ". microsoft.com. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2011-02-19. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
"Windows 11 Specs and System Requirements | Microsoft". Microsoft. Retrieved 2021-10-14.

learn.microsoft.com

"Minimum System Requirements for Windows IoT Enterprise". Microsoft Learn. 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2024-06-07.

support.microsoft.com

"KB4100347: Intel microcode updates". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2020-09-20.

docs.microsoft.com

lorihollasch. "Support for headless systems - Windows drivers". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2020-12-05.

netbsd.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

man.netbsd.org

aibs(4) – NetBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual

networkworld.com (Global: 5,743^rd place; English: 3,776^th place)

"Next-gen boot spec could forever lock Linux off Windows 8 PCS".

openbsd.org (Global: low place; English: 9,957^th place)

man.openbsd.org

aibs(4) – OpenBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual

osdev.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

wiki.osdev.org

"UEFI". OSDev.org.
"Memory Map (x86) - OSDev Wiki". wiki.osdev.org. Retrieved 2020-12-11.

pcguide.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kozierok, Charles M. (2001-04-17). "Ref — System BIOS". The PC Guide. Archived from the original on 2019-02-18. Retrieved 2014-12-06.

pcmag.com (Global: 1,442^nd place; English: 915^th place)

"Definition of hardware abstraction layer". PCMAG. Retrieved 2022-07-11.

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889^th place; English: 1,323^rd place)

Bradley, Tony. "R.I.P. BIOS: A UEFI Primer". PCWorld. Archived from the original on 2014-01-27. Retrieved 2014-01-27.

reenigne.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"IBM 5162 PC XT286 TechRef 68X2537 Technical Reference manual" (PDF). August 1986. p. 35 (System BIOS A-5). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2014-12-11.

retrotechnology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kildall, Gary Arlen (January 1980). "The History of CP/M - The Evolution of an Industry: One Person's Viewpoint" (Vol. 5, No. 1, Number 41 ed.). Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia. pp. 6–7. Archived from the original on 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2013-06-03.

rompacks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Types of BIOS". rompacks.com. Retrieved 2021-09-20.

slideplayer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

images.slideplayer.com

"BIOS Flash Location". Archived from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2025-03-30.

smallvoid.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Changing hardware abstraction layer in Windows 2000 / XP – Smallvoid.com". 2001-01-15. Retrieved 2020-09-18.

smartcomputing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Smart Computing Article - What Is The BIOS?". Computing Basics. Vol. 5, no. 7. July 1994. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10.
"Decoding RAM & ROM". Smart Computing. Vol. 8, no. 6. June 1997. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06.
"Upgrading Your Flash BIOS For Plug And Play". Smart Computing. March 1996. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06.
"Time To Check BIOS". Smart Computing. April 1999. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.

spo-comm.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is ACPI?". www.spo-comm.de. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2020-09-18.

symantec.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Yuan, Liang. "Trojan.Mebromi". Threat Response. Archived from the original on 2011-09-23. Retrieved 2011-09-19.

techtarget.com (Global: 3,908^th place; English: 3,051^st place)

searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com

"What is ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)? - Definition from WhatIs.com". SearchWindowsServer. Retrieved 2020-09-18.

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

Friedersdorf, Conor (2013-12-16). "A Question for 60 Minutes: Why Would China Want to Destroy the Global Economy?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2019-03-26.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Spencer Ackerman in Washington (2013-12-16). "NSA goes on 60 Minutes: the definitive facts behind CBS's flawed report". theguardian.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-25. Retrieved 2014-01-27.

theregister.co.uk (Global: 1,877^th place; English: 1,233^rd place)

Sharwood, Simon (2013-12-16). "NSA alleges 'BIOS plot to destroy PCs'". The Register. Retrieved 2019-03-26.

threatpost.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Fisher, Dennis. "Researchers unveil persistent BIOS attack methods". Threat Post. Archived from the original on 2010-01-30. Retrieved 2010-02-06.

tomshardware.com (Global: 3,042^nd place; English: 1,982^nd place)

"How to Enter the BIOS on Any PC: Access Keys by Manufacturer". Tom's Hardware. 2022-02-04.
Marcus Yam (2009-03-27). "New BIOS Virus Withstands HDD Wipes". Tom's Hardware US.

uefi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"BIOS Data ACPI Table (BDAT)" (PDF). Interface Specification. 4 (5): 67. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-03. Retrieved 2022-08-08.

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; English: 736^th place)

lazowska.cs.washington.edu

"IEEE Milestone in Electrical Engineering and Computing - CP/M - Microcomputer Operating System, 1974" (PDF). Computer History Museum. 2014-04-25. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Kozierok, Charles M. (2001-04-17). "Ref — System BIOS". The PC Guide. Archived from the original on 2019-02-18. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
Kildall, Gary Arlen (January 1980). "The History of CP/M - The Evolution of an Industry: One Person's Viewpoint" (Vol. 5, No. 1, Number 41 ed.). Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia. pp. 6–7. Archived from the original on 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
Bradley, Tony. "R.I.P. BIOS: A UEFI Primer". PCWorld. Archived from the original on 2014-01-27. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
Swaine, Michael (1997-04-01). "Gary Kildall and Collegial Entrepreneurship". Dr. Dobb's Journal. Archived from the original on 2007-01-24. Retrieved 2006-11-20.
"IEEE Milestone in Electrical Engineering and Computing - CP/M - Microcomputer Operating System, 1974" (PDF). Computer History Museum. 2014-04-25. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
Shustek, Len (2016-08-02). "In His Own Words: Gary Kildall". Remarkable People. Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2016-12-17.
Killian, A. Joseph "Joe" (2001). "Gary Kildall's CP/M: Some early CP/M history - 1976-1977". Thomas "Todd" Fischer, IMSAI. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
Fraley, Bob; Spicer, Dag (2007-01-26). "Oral History of Joseph Killian, Interviewed by: Bob Fraley, Edited by: Dag Spicer, Recorded: January 26, 2007, Mountain View, California, CHM Reference number: X3879.2007" (PDF). Computer History Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
"HP BIOS Configuration Utility". Hewlett-Packard. 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-01-12. Retrieved 2015-01-12.
"Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual" (PDF). Intel. May 2012. Section 9.1.4 First Instruction Executed, p. 2611. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-08. Retrieved 2012-08-23. The first instruction that is fetched and executed following a hardware reset is located at physical address FFFFFFF0h. This address is 16 bytes below the processor's uppermost physical address. The EPROM containing the software-initialization code must be located at this address.
"IBM 5162 PC XT286 TechRef 68X2537 Technical Reference manual" (PDF). August 1986. p. 35 (System BIOS A-5). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
"How StuffWorks: What BIOS Does". Archived from the original on 2008-02-07.
Akeljic, Bekir (2017-01-01). "BIOS BASIC INPUT/ OUTPUT SYSTEM BIOS FUNCTIONS AND MODIFICATIONS". BIOS: 12. Archived from the original on 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-08-08 – via INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY TRAVNIKFACULITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRAVNIKSOFTWARE PROGRAMMING.
"BIOS Data ACPI Table (BDAT)" (PDF). Interface Specification. 4 (5): 67. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-03. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
Stiller, Andreas; Paul, Matthias R. (1996-05-12). "Prozessorgeflüster". c't – magazin für computertechnik. Trends & News / aktuell - Prozessoren (in German). Vol. 1996, no. 6. Verlag Heinz Heise GmbH & Co KG. p. 20. ISSN 0724-8679. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
Mueller, Scott (2001-06-08). Processor Update Feature | Microprocessor Types and Specifications. InformIT. Archived from the original on 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
"Linux* Processor Microcode Data File". Download Center. Downloadcenter.intel.com. 2009-09-23. Archived from the original on 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
"How SLP and SLIC Works". guytechie.com. 2010-02-25. Archived from the original on 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
"Create and add an OEM ACPI SLIC table module to a congatec BIOS" (PDF). congatec.com. 2011-06-16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-08-02. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
Whitson Gordon (2014-01-13). "A Beginner's Introduction to Overclocking Your Intel Processor". Lifehacker. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on 2014-12-07. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
"Smart Computing Article - What Is The BIOS?". Computing Basics. Vol. 5, no. 7. July 1994. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10.
"What is ACPI?". www.spo-comm.de. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2020-09-18.
Torres, Gabriel (2004-11-24). "Introduction and Lithium Battery". Replacing the Motherboard Battery. hardwaresecrets.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
"Decoding RAM & ROM". Smart Computing. Vol. 8, no. 6. June 1997. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06.
"Upgrading Your Flash BIOS For Plug And Play". Smart Computing. March 1996. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06.
"Time To Check BIOS". Smart Computing. April 1999. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.
"BIOS Flash Location". Archived from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
"SplashTop's Instant-On Linux Desktop | Geek.com". Archived from the original on 2008-09-07.
Alex Watson (2007-11-27). "The life and times of the modern motherboard". Archived from the original on 2007-12-29.
David Hilber Jr. (August 2009). "Considerations for Designing an Embedded Intel Architecture System with System Memory Down" (PDF). Intel. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
Stiller, Andreas (2001). "Prozessor-Patches". c't (in German) (5). Heise: 240. Archived from the original on 2015-11-22. Retrieved 2015-11-21.
"Award BIOS logo". 2015-06-15. Archived from the original on 2015-12-21. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
"Phoenix Eagerly Waiting to Clone Next-Generation IBM BIOS". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 10. 1987-03-09. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2014-01-22.
Sacco, Anibal; Alfredo Ortéga (2009-03-23). "Persistent BIOS Infection". Exploiting Stuff. Archived from the original on 2009-08-04. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
Fisher, Dennis. "Researchers unveil persistent BIOS attack methods". Threat Post. Archived from the original on 2010-01-30. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
Giuliani, Marco (2011-09-13). "Mebromi: the first BIOS rootkit in the wild". blog. Archived from the original on 2011-09-23. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
"360发布"BMW病毒"技术分析报告". blog. Archived from the original on 2011-09-25. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
Yuan, Liang. "Trojan.Mebromi". Threat Response. Archived from the original on 2011-09-23. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
"How did 60 Minutes get cameras into a spy agency?". CBS News. 2013-12-15. Archived from the original on 2014-04-22. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
Spencer Ackerman in Washington (2013-12-16). "NSA goes on 60 Minutes: the definitive facts behind CBS's flawed report". theguardian.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-25. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
"Windows and GPT FAQ". microsoft.com. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2011-02-19. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
"Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) and Unified EFI (UEFI)". Intel. Archived from the original on 2010-01-05. Retrieved 2014-12-06.

webroot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

blog.webroot.com

Giuliani, Marco (2011-09-13). "Mebromi: the first BIOS rootkit in the wild". blog. Archived from the original on 2011-09-23. Retrieved 2011-09-19.

wikichip.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.wikichip.org

"AMD 80286 Datasheet" (PDF). AMD. 1985. p. 13. the 286 begins execution in real mode with the instruction at physical location FFFFF0H.

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

Poulsen, Kevin (2013-12-16). "60 Minutes Puff Piece Claims NSA Saved U.S. From Cyberterrorism". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2019-03-26 – via www.wired.com.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Stiller, Andreas; Paul, Matthias R. (1996-05-12). "Prozessorgeflüster". c't – magazin für computertechnik. Trends & News / aktuell - Prozessoren (in German). Vol. 1996, no. 6. Verlag Heinz Heise GmbH & Co KG. p. 20. ISSN 0724-8679. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
Poulsen, Kevin (2013-12-16). "60 Minutes Puff Piece Claims NSA Saved U.S. From Cyberterrorism". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2019-03-26 – via www.wired.com.

yale.edu (Global: 559^th place; English: 389^th place)

flint.cs.yale.edu

"Memory Layout and Memory Map". flint.cs.yale.edu. Retrieved 2022-08-08.

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235^th place; English: 855^th place)

Tung, Liam (2017-11-20). "Intel: We're ending all legacy BIOS support by 2020". ZDNET.

BIOS (English Wikipedia)

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intel.com (Global: 1,727th place; English: 1,234th place)

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openbsd.org (Global: low place; English: 9,957th place)

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cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

debian.org (Global: 3,258^th place; English: 2,984^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

freebsd.org (Global: 6,366^th place; English: 5,010^th place)

geek.com (Global: 8,726^th place; English: 5,901^st place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

heise.de (Global: 905^th place; English: 3,454^th place)

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354^th place; English: 958^th place)

howtogeek.com (Global: 8,729^th place; English: 6,329^th place)

hp.com (Global: 4,971^st place; English: 3,200^th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

intel.com (Global: 1,727^th place; English: 1,234^th place)

lifehacker.com (Global: 6,820^th place; English: 4,924^th place)

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

networkworld.com (Global: 5,743^rd place; English: 3,776^th place)

openbsd.org (Global: low place; English: 9,957^th place)

pcmag.com (Global: 1,442^nd place; English: 915^th place)

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889^th place; English: 1,323^rd place)

techtarget.com (Global: 3,908^th place; English: 3,051^st place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

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