Ba'athist Iraq (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Ba'athist Iraq" in English language version.

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acat.asso.fr

Nicolas Dessaux, Les femmes dans le marasme irakien^{[permanent dead link]}, Bulletin de l'Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture n° 273, 2007.

archive.org

Bengio 1998, p. 35. Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
Musallam, Musallam Ali (1996). The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait: Saddam Hussein, His State and International Power Politics. British Academic Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-86064-020-9.
Bengio 1998. Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
Coughlin 2005, p. 53. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Coughlin 2005, p. 54. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Coughlin 2005, p. 55. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Coughlin 2005, pp. 56–57. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Coughlin 2005, p. 57. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Coughlin 2005, p. 58. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Coughlin 2005, pp. 209, 218–219. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Coughlin 2005, p. 219. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Coughlin 2005, p. 220. Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1.
Bengio 1998, p. 33. Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
Bengio 1998, pp. 34–35. Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
Bengio 1998, pp. 35–36. Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
Bengio 1998, p. 44. Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
Bengio 1998, pp. 38–40. Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
Bengio 1998, pp. 40–41. Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
Bengio 1998, p. 208 Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's Word: Political discourse in Iraq (Paperback). Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511439-3.
al-Marashi, Ibrahim; Salama, Sammy (2008). Iraq's Armed Forces: an Analytical History (Paperback). Oxon, England; New York: Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-415-40078-7.
Niblock 1982, p. 65. Niblock, Tim (1982). Iraq, the contemporary state (Paperback). London, England, UK: Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-1810-3.
Niblock 1982, p. 64 Niblock, Tim (1982). Iraq, the contemporary state (Paperback). London, England, UK: Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-1810-3.
Niblock 1982, pp. 70–71. Niblock, Tim (1982). Iraq, the contemporary state (Paperback). London, England, UK: Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-1810-3.
Niblock 1982, p. 71. Niblock, Tim (1982). Iraq, the contemporary state (Paperback). London, England, UK: Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-1810-3.
Niblock 1982, p. 70. Niblock, Tim (1982). Iraq, the contemporary state (Paperback). London, England, UK: Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-1810-3.
Smolansky, Oleg; Smolansky, Bettie (1991). The USSR and Iraq: The Soviet Quest for Influence. Duke University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-8223-1116-4.
Smolansky, Oleg; Smolansky, Bettie (1991). The USSR and Iraq: The Soviet Quest for Influence. Duke University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8223-1116-4.
Smolansky, Oleg; Smolansky, Bettie (1991). The USSR and Iraq: The Soviet Quest for Influence. Duke University Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-8223-1116-4.
Smolansky, Oleg; Smolansky, Bettie (1991). The USSR and Iraq: The Soviet Quest for Influence. Duke University Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-8223-1116-4.
Zemtsov, Ilya (1989). Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika. Transaction Publishers. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-88738-260-4.
Sciolino, Elaine (1991). The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis. John Wiley & Sons. p. 160. ISBN 9780471542995.
Sciolino, Elaine (1991). The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis. John Wiley & Sons. p. 162. ISBN 9780471542995.
Sciolino, Elaine (1991). The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 161–162. ISBN 9780471542995.
Sciolino, Elaine (1991). The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis. John Wiley & Sons. p. 163. ISBN 9780471542995.
Sciolino, Elaine (1991). The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis. John Wiley & Sons. p. 164. ISBN 9780471542995.
Litwak, Robert (2007). Regime Change: U.S. Strategy through the Prism of 9/11. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8018-8642-3.
Litwak, Robert (2007). Regime Change: U.S. Strategy through the Prism of 9/11. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-8018-8642-3.
Litwak, Robert (2007). Regime Change: U.S. Strategy through the Prism of 9/11. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-8018-8642-3.
Knights, Michael (2005). Cradle of Conflict: Iraq and the Birth of Modern U.S. Military Power. United States Naval Institute. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-59114-444-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Cordesman, Anthony (2002). Iraq's Military Capabilities in 2002: a Dynamic Net Assessment. Canadian Security Intelligence Service. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-89206-416-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Makiya, Kanan (1998). Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq, Updated Edition. University of California Press. pp. 88–93. ISBN 9780520921245.

army.mil

Douglas A. Borer (2003). "Inverse Engagement: Lessons from U.S.–Iraq Relations, 1982–1990". U.S. Army Professional Writing Collection. U.S. Army. Archived from the original on 11 October 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2006.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Hardy, Roger (22 September 2005). "The Iran–Iraq war: 25 years on". BBC News. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

books.google.com

Dougherty, Beth K.; Ghareeb, Edmund A. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810879423 – via Google Books.
Musallam, Musallam Ali (1996). The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait: Saddam Hussein, His State and International Power Politics. British Academic Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-86064-020-9.
Cordesman, Anthony H. (2018). Iraq: Sanctions And Beyond. Routledge. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-429-96818-1.
Gazit, Shlomo (2019). The Middle East Military Balance 1993–1994. Routledge. p. 565. ISBN 978-1-000-30346-9.
Roberts, Paul (2005). The End of Oil: On the Edge of a Perilous New World. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-618-56211-4.
Arnold, James (2008). Saddam Hussein's Iraq. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-8225-8665-4.
Finlan, Alastair (2008). The Gulf War of 1991. Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-1-4358-7498-5.
Cohen, Warren (2005). America's Failing Empire: U.S. foreign relations since the Cold War. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-4051-1427-1.
Fenton, Neil (2004). Understanding the UN Security Council: Coercion or Consent?. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7546-4092-9.
Fenton, Neil (2004). Understanding the UN Security Council: Coercion or Consent?. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-7546-4092-9.
Tucker, Spencer (2010). The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1304–1305. ISBN 978-1-85109-947-4.
Schier, Steven (2009). Panorama of a Presidency: How George W. Bush Acquired and Spent his Political Capital. M.E. Sharpe. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-7656-1693-7.
Metz 2004, p. 162. Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). Iraq: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-2671-0.
Metz 2004, pp. 165–166. Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). Iraq: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-2671-0.
Metz 2004, pp. 164–165. Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). Iraq: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-2671-0.
Metz 2004, pp. 166–167. Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). Iraq: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-2671-0.
Metz 2004, p. 191. Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). Iraq: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-2671-0.
Metz 2004, p. 192. Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). Iraq: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-2671-0.
Ismael, Tareq (2008). The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq. Cambridge University Press. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-0-521-87394-9.
Metz 2004, p. 164. Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). Iraq: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-2671-0.
Eur (2002). The Middle East and North Africa. Routledge. p. 494. ISBN 978-1-85743-132-2.
Rabinovich, Itamar; Shaked, Haim (1987). Middle East Contemporary Survey: 1984–1985. Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies. pp. 467–468. ISBN 978-0-8133-7445-1.
Rabinovich, Itamar; Shaked, Haim (1987). Middle East Contemporary Survey: 1984–1985. Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies. p. 468. ISBN 978-0-8133-7445-1.
Rabinovich, Itamar; Shaked, Haim (1987). Middle East Contemporary Survey: 1984–1985. Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies. p. 469. ISBN 978-0-8133-7445-1.
Khalil F. Osman (2015). Sectarianism in Iraq: The Making of State and Nation Since 1920. Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Democratization and Government. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-77946-4.
Khalil F. Osman (2015). Sectarianism in Iraq: The Making of State and Nation Since 1920. Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Democratization and Government. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-77946-4.
Freedman, Robert (1991). Moscow and the Middle East: Soviet Policy since the Invasion of Afghanistan. Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-521-35976-4.
Zemtsov, Ilya (1989). Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika. Transaction Publishers. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-88738-260-4.
Farhang, Rajaee (1991). The Iran–Iraq War: The Politics of Aggression. University Press of Florida. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-8130-1176-9.
Donaldson, Gary (1996). America at War since 1945: Politics and Diplomacy in Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-0-275-95660-8.
Gupta, R.C. (1997). Collapse of the Soviet Union. Krishna Prakashan. p. 158. ISBN 978-81-8584281-3.
Alnasrawi 1994, p. 55. Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Alnasrawi 1994, pp. 72–73. Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Alnasrawi 1994, p. 73. Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Alnasrawi 1994, p. 80 Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Alnasrawi 1994, p. 74. Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Alnasrawi 1994, p. 79. Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Rajaee, Farhang (1997). Iranian perspectives on the Iran–Iraq War. University Press of Florida. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-8130-1476-0.
Azhary, M.L. (1984). The Iran–Iraq War: an Historical, Economic, and Political Analysis. Routledge. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-0-7099-0925-5.
Azhary, M.L. (1984). The Iran–Iraq War: an Historical, Economic, and Political Analysis. Routledge. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7099-0925-5.
Levy, Barry; Sidel, Victor (2000). War and Public Health. American Public Health Association. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-87553-023-9.
Marshall Cavendish (2006). World and Its Peoples. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2.
Alnasrawi 1994, p. 115. Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Alnasrawi 1994, p. 116 Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Alnasrawi 1994, pp. 115–116. Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Alnasrawi 1994, p. 117. Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-29186-9.
Selden 1999, pp. 87–88. Selden, Zachary (1999). Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96387-3.
Selden 1999, pp. 88–89. Selden, Zachary (1999). Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96387-3.
Selden 1999, p. 89. Selden, Zachary (1999). Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96387-3.
Selden 1999, p. 90. Selden, Zachary (1999). Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96387-3.
Selden 1999, p. 91. Selden, Zachary (1999). Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96387-3.
Selden 1999, pp. 93–94. Selden, Zachary (1999). Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96387-3.
Litwak, Robert (2007). Regime Change: U.S. Strategy through the Prism of 9/11. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8018-8642-3.
Litwak, Robert (2007). Regime Change: U.S. Strategy through the Prism of 9/11. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-8018-8642-3.
Litwak, Robert (2007). Regime Change: U.S. Strategy through the Prism of 9/11. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-8018-8642-3.
Riad El Ghonemy, Mohamad (1998). Affluence and Poverty in the Middle East. Routledge. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-415-10033-5.
Riad El Ghonemy, Mohamad (1998). Affluence and Poverty in the Middle East. Routledge. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0-415-10033-5.
Riad El Ghonemy, Mohamad (1998). Affluence and Poverty in the Middle East. Routledge. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-415-10033-5.
Childs, John; Corvisier, André (1994). A Dictionary of Military History and the Art of War. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-631-16848-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Knights, Michael (2005). Cradle of Conflict: Iraq and the Birth of Modern U.S. Military Power. United States Naval Institute. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-59114-444-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Shimko, Keith (2010). The Iraq Wars and America's Military Revolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-521-12884-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Cordesman, Anthony (2002). Iraq's Military Capabilities in 2002: a Dynamic Net Assessment. Canadian Security Intelligence Service. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-89206-416-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Long, Jerry M. (April 2004). Saddam's war of words: politics, religion, and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Jerry Mark Long, University of Texas Press, 2004, ISBN 0-292-70264-7. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292702646. Retrieved 19 February 2014.

brill.com

Jordan, David (10 November 2021). "'So Let Today Be All the Arabs Muḥammad': The Prophet in the Discourse of the Iraqi Baʿth Party". The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam. 2. Brill: 323–345. doi:10.1163/9789004466753_014. S2CID 244288193. Retrieved 10 September 2023.

britannica.com

Britannica
Saddam, pronounced [sˤɑdˈdæːm], is his personal name, and means the stubborn one or he who confronts in Arabic. Hussein (Sometimes also transliterated as Hussayn or Hussain) is not a surname in the Western sense, but a patronymic, his father's given personal name; Abid al-Majid his grandfather's; al-Tikriti means he was born and raised in (or near) Tikrit. He was commonly referred to as Saddam Hussein, or Saddam for short. The observation that referring to the deposed Iraqi president as only Saddam is derogatory or inappropriate may be based on the assumption that Hussein is a family name: thus, The New York Times refers to him as "Mr. Hussein" [1] Archived 24 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine, while Encyclopædia Britannica uses just Saddam [2] Archived 6 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine. A full discussion can be found [3] Archived 31 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Blair Shewchuk, CBC News Online). – Content originally at Saddam HusseinBurns, John F. (2 July 2004). "Defiant Hussein Rebukes Iraqi Court for Trying Him". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2004.

cbc.ca

Saddam, pronounced [sˤɑdˈdæːm], is his personal name, and means the stubborn one or he who confronts in Arabic. Hussein (Sometimes also transliterated as Hussayn or Hussain) is not a surname in the Western sense, but a patronymic, his father's given personal name; Abid al-Majid his grandfather's; al-Tikriti means he was born and raised in (or near) Tikrit. He was commonly referred to as Saddam Hussein, or Saddam for short. The observation that referring to the deposed Iraqi president as only Saddam is derogatory or inappropriate may be based on the assumption that Hussein is a family name: thus, The New York Times refers to him as "Mr. Hussein" [1] Archived 24 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine, while Encyclopædia Britannica uses just Saddam [2] Archived 6 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine. A full discussion can be found [3] Archived 31 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Blair Shewchuk, CBC News Online). – Content originally at Saddam HusseinBurns, John F. (2 July 2004). "Defiant Hussein Rebukes Iraqi Court for Trying Him". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2004.

cia.gov

"Iraq". The World Factbook. 22 June 2014.
"Iraq". The World Factbook 1999. Virginia: CIA. 7 October 1999. Archived from the original on 7 October 1999.

countryeconomy.com

countrystudies.us

Armed Forces and Society

crl.edu

dds.crl.edu

"al-Waqāʼiʻ al-ʻIrāqīyah". CLR. 6 January 1992. Retrieved 25 October 2020. (in Arabic)

csmonitor.com

Dan Murphy (27 April 2004). "Sadr the agitator: like father, like son". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2013.

doi.org

Woods, Kevin M.; Stout, Mark E. (16 December 2010). "New Sources for the Study of Iraqi Intelligence during the Saddam Era". Intelligence and National Security. 25 (4): 547–587. doi:10.1080/02684527.2010.537033. S2CID 153605621. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
Jordan, David (10 November 2021). "'So Let Today Be All the Arabs Muḥammad': The Prophet in the Discourse of the Iraqi Baʿth Party". The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam. 2. Brill: 323–345. doi:10.1163/9789004466753_014. S2CID 244288193. Retrieved 10 September 2023.

globalpolicy.org

"Resolution 1483 – UN Security Council – Global Policy Forum". Globalpolicy.org. Retrieved 1 June 2011.

history.com

"Iraq invades Kuwait". history.com. Retrieved 9 June 2020.

newspapers.com

"Iraq executes coup plotters". The Salina Journal. 8 August 1979. p. 12. Retrieved 25 April 2018 – via Newspapers.com.

nybooks.com

Al-Khalil, Samir. Khalil, 11 April 1991. Iraq and Its Future. [url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1991/04/11/iraq-and-its-future Archived 21 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine New York Review of Books].

nytimes.com

Saddam, pronounced [sˤɑdˈdæːm], is his personal name, and means the stubborn one or he who confronts in Arabic. Hussein (Sometimes also transliterated as Hussayn or Hussain) is not a surname in the Western sense, but a patronymic, his father's given personal name; Abid al-Majid his grandfather's; al-Tikriti means he was born and raised in (or near) Tikrit. He was commonly referred to as Saddam Hussein, or Saddam for short. The observation that referring to the deposed Iraqi president as only Saddam is derogatory or inappropriate may be based on the assumption that Hussein is a family name: thus, The New York Times refers to him as "Mr. Hussein" [1] Archived 24 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine, while Encyclopædia Britannica uses just Saddam [2] Archived 6 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine. A full discussion can be found [3] Archived 31 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Blair Shewchuk, CBC News Online). – Content originally at Saddam HusseinBurns, John F. (2 July 2004). "Defiant Hussein Rebukes Iraqi Court for Trying Him". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2004.

populationpyramid.net

refworld.org

"Iraq: Resolution No. 460 of 1991 (official toponymy)". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 6 January 1992. Retrieved 25 October 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Woods, Kevin M.; Stout, Mark E. (16 December 2010). "New Sources for the Study of Iraqi Intelligence during the Saddam Era". Intelligence and National Security. 25 (4): 547–587. doi:10.1080/02684527.2010.537033. S2CID 153605621. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
Jordan, David (10 November 2021). "'So Let Today Be All the Arabs Muḥammad': The Prophet in the Discourse of the Iraqi Baʿth Party". The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam. 2. Brill: 323–345. doi:10.1163/9789004466753_014. S2CID 244288193. Retrieved 10 September 2023.

tandfonline.com

Woods, Kevin M.; Stout, Mark E. (16 December 2010). "New Sources for the Study of Iraqi Intelligence during the Saddam Era". Intelligence and National Security. 25 (4): 547–587. doi:10.1080/02684527.2010.537033. S2CID 153605621. Retrieved 3 March 2022.

washingtonpost.com

"Most of Islamic State's leaders were officers in Saddam Hussein's Iraq". Washington Post. 4 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.

web.archive.org

"Iraq". The World Factbook 1999. Virginia: CIA. 7 October 1999. Archived from the original on 7 October 1999.
Saddam, pronounced [sˤɑdˈdæːm], is his personal name, and means the stubborn one or he who confronts in Arabic. Hussein (Sometimes also transliterated as Hussayn or Hussain) is not a surname in the Western sense, but a patronymic, his father's given personal name; Abid al-Majid his grandfather's; al-Tikriti means he was born and raised in (or near) Tikrit. He was commonly referred to as Saddam Hussein, or Saddam for short. The observation that referring to the deposed Iraqi president as only Saddam is derogatory or inappropriate may be based on the assumption that Hussein is a family name: thus, The New York Times refers to him as "Mr. Hussein" [1] Archived 24 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine, while Encyclopædia Britannica uses just Saddam [2] Archived 6 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine. A full discussion can be found [3] Archived 31 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Blair Shewchuk, CBC News Online). – Content originally at Saddam HusseinBurns, John F. (2 July 2004). "Defiant Hussein Rebukes Iraqi Court for Trying Him". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2004.
Dan Murphy (27 April 2004). "Sadr the agitator: like father, like son". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
"Most of Islamic State's leaders were officers in Saddam Hussein's Iraq". Washington Post. 4 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
Amatzia Baram (October 2011). "From Militant Secularism to Islamism: The Iraqi Ba'th Regime 1968–2003" (PDF). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars: History & Public Policy Program. p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
Douglas A. Borer (2003). "Inverse Engagement: Lessons from U.S.–Iraq Relations, 1982–1990". U.S. Army Professional Writing Collection. U.S. Army. Archived from the original on 11 October 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2006.
Al-Khalil, Samir. Khalil, 11 April 1991. Iraq and Its Future. [url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1991/04/11/iraq-and-its-future Archived 21 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine New York Review of Books].

wilsoncenter.org

Amatzia Baram (October 2011). "From Militant Secularism to Islamism: The Iraqi Ba'th Regime 1968–2003" (PDF). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars: History & Public Policy Program. p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.