Battery recycling (English Wikipedia)

[5] Archived 6 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine Dry batteries and lithium primary batteries-BAJ
[6] Archived 12 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Recycling portable rechargeable batteries-BAJ

batteriesinternational.com

"Two of India’s largest lead firms sign recycling deal," May 23, 2018, Batteries International, retrieved May 15, 2021

batteryequivalents.com

"Lead-Acid Batteries". Retrieved 21 June 2020.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"EU agrees battery recycling law". BBC Online. 3 May 2006. Retrieved 22 October 2010.

businesstoday.in

Slingal, Nidhi:"Urgent need of safe disposal, green recycling of lead batteries, says lead zinc association," March 18, 2021, Business Today (India), retrieved May 15, 2021

call2recycle.org

"Call2Recycle | United States". 2 January 2017.

cdc.gov

"Take-Home Lead Exposure Among Children with Relatives Employed at a Battery Recycling Facility — Puerto Rico, 2011". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 7 March 2024.

chicagotribune.com

reports, Tribune wire (3 February 2015). "Energizer debuts recycled AA and AAA batteries". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 23 April 2018.

cleantechnica.com

Field, Kyle (7 June 2018). "Yes, Tesla Recycles All Of Its Spent Batteries & Wants To Do More In The Future". CleanTechnica.

degruyter.com

Haryanto, Budi (1 March 2016). "Lead exposure from battery recycling in Indonesia". Reviews on Environmental Health. 31 (1): 13–16. doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0036. ISSN 2191-0308. PMID 26812760.

direct.gov.uk

Directgov, 22 January 2010 Archived 15 October 2012 at the UK Government Web Archive. Recycling batteries: Directgov – Environment and greener living.

doi.org

Bernardes, A. M.; Espinosa, D. C. R.; Tenorio, J. A. S. (3 May 2004). "Recycling of batteries: a review of current processes and technologies". Journal of Power Sources. 130 (1–2): 291–298. Bibcode:2004JPS...130..291B. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.026. ISSN 0378-7753.
Daniell, William E.; Van Tung, Lo; Wallace, Ryan M.; Havens, Deborah J.; Karr, Catherine J.; Bich Diep, Nguyen; Croteau, Gerry A.; Beaudet, Nancy J.; Duy Bao, Nguyen (2015). "Childhood Lead Exposure from Battery Recycling in Vietnam". BioMed Research International. 2015: 193715. doi:10.1155/2015/193715. ISSN 2314-6133. PMC 4637436. PMID 26587532.
Sun, Zhi; Cao, Hongbin; Zhang, Xihua; Lin, Xiao; Zheng, Wenwen; Cao, Guoqing; Sun, Yong; Zhang, Yi (1 June 2017). "Spent lead-acid battery recycling in China – A review and sustainable analyses on mass flow of lead". Waste Management. 64: 190–201. Bibcode:2017WaMan..64..190S. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.007. PMID 28318961.
Moreno-Merino, Luis; Jiménez-Hernández, Maria Emilia; de la Losa, Almudena; Huerta-Muñoz, Virginia (1 September 2015). "Comparative assessment of button cells using a normalized index for potential pollution by heavy metals". Science of the Total Environment. 526: 187–195. Bibcode:2015ScTEn.526..187M. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.068. ISSN 0048-9697.
Wang, Zulin; Peng, Chao; Yliniemi, Kirsi; Lundström, Mari (19 October 2020). "Recovery of High-Purity Silver from Spent Silver Oxide Batteries by Sulfuric Acid Leaching and Electrowinning". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 8 (41): 15573–15583. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04701. ISSN 2168-0485.
Harper, Gavin; Sommerville, Roberto; Kendrick, Emma; Driscoll, Laura; Slater, Peter; Stolkin, Rustam; Walton, Allan; Christensen, Paul; Heidrich, Oliver; Lambert, Simon; Abbott, Andrew; Ryder, Karl; Gaines, Linda; Anderson, Paul (2019). "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles". Nature. 575 (7781): 75–86. Bibcode:2019Natur.575...75H. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5. PMID 31695206.
Burkert, Andreas (1 September 2018). "Effective Recycling of Electric-vehicle Batteries". ATZ Worldwide. 120 (9): 10–15. doi:10.1007/s38311-018-0139-z. ISSN 2192-9076. S2CID 134968969.
Elwert, Tobias; Römer, Felix; Schneider, Kirstin; Hua, Qingsong; Buchert, Matthias (2018), Pistoia, Gianfranco; Liaw, Boryann (eds.), "Recycling of Batteries from Electric Vehicles", Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: Battery Health, Performance, Safety, and Cost, Green Energy and Technology, Springer International Publishing, pp. 289–321, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69950-9_12, ISBN 9783319699509
Hanisch, Christian; Diekmann, Jan; Stieger, Alexander; Haselrieder, Wolfgang; Kwade, Arno (2015). "27". In Yan, Jinyue; Cabeza, Luisa F.; Sioshansi, Ramteen (eds.). Handbook of Clean Energy Systems – Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries (5 Energy Storage ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 2865–2888. doi:10.1002/9781118991978.hces221. ISBN 9781118991978.
Castelvecchi, Davide (17 August 2021). "Electric cars and batteries: how will the world produce enough?". Nature. 596 (7872): 336–339. Bibcode:2021Natur.596..336C. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02222-1. PMID 34404944. S2CID 237198496.
Postema M, Phadke S, Novell A, Uzbekov R, Nyamupangedengu C, Anouti M, Bouakaz A (2019). "Ultrasonic Identification Technique in Recycling of Lithium Ion Batteries". 2019 IEEE Africon. pp. 1–4. arXiv:2001.09942. doi:10.1109/AFRICON46755.2019.9133954. ISBN 978-1-7281-3289-1. S2CID 210920508. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Ericson, Bret; Howard Hu; Emily Nash; Greg Ferraro; Julia Sinitsky; Mark Patrick Taylor: "Blood lead levels in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review,", March 2021 The Lancet Planetary Health, of The Lancet, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30278-3•, as cited in "Pure Earth, USC and Macquarie University Publish Landmark Lead Study in The Lancet Planetary Health Journal," The Pollution Blog, Pure Earth, retrieved May 15, 2021
Haryanto, Budi (1 March 2016). "Lead exposure from battery recycling in Indonesia". Reviews on Environmental Health. 31 (1): 13–16. doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0036. ISSN 2191-0308. PMID 26812760.
Rensmo, Amanda; Savvidou, Eleni K.; Cousins, Ian T.; Hu, Xianfeng; Schellenberger, Steffen; Benskin, Jonathan P. (21 June 2023). "Lithium-ion battery recycling: a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment?". Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 25 (6): 1015–1030. doi:10.1039/D2EM00511E. ISSN 2050-7895. PMID 37195252.

duracell.com

"Battery Care, Use, and Disposal". Duracell. 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2018. Our alkaline batteries are composed primarily of common metals – steel, zinc, and manganese – and do not pose a health or environmental risk during normal use or disposal. We have voluntarily eliminated all of the added mercury from our alkaline batteries since the early 1990s .... Therefore, alkaline batteries can be safely disposed of with normal household waste, everywhere [in the U.S.] but California.

ec.gc.ca

RIS International Ltd. (February 2007). Canadian Consumer Battery Baseline Study: Final Report (PDF) (Report). Environment Canada. "Table 4.11: Recycling Rate Estimates for Secondary Batteries", on page 27 (PDF page 40). Retrieved 15 March 2012.
"Battery Recycling in Canada 2009 Update: Executive Summary: 4. Battery Recycling". Environment Canada. 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2012.

electrek.co

Dow, Jameson (2 March 2023). "Tesla cofounder's Redwood shows 95% efficiency in battery recycling pilot". electrek.co. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
Dow, Jameson (2 March 2023). "Tesla cofounder's Redwood shows 95% efficiency in battery recycling pilot". ElecTrek. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

electriccarsreport.com

Krivevski, Blagojce (19 May 2022). "Europe's largest electric vehicle battery recycling plant begins operations". electriccarsreport.com.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Sun, Zhi; Cao, Hongbin; Zhang, Xihua; Lin, Xiao; Zheng, Wenwen; Cao, Guoqing; Sun, Yong; Zhang, Yi (1 June 2017). "Spent lead-acid battery recycling in China – A review and sustainable analyses on mass flow of lead". Waste Management. 64: 190–201. Bibcode:2017WaMan..64..190S. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.007. PMID 28318961.

energizer.com

"Energizer EcoAdvanced Recycled Batteries". www.energizer.com. Retrieved 23 April 2018.

energy-storage.news

Murray, Cameron (2 August 2023). "Li-Cycle opens black mass battery recycling facility in Germany". Energy-Storage.News.

epa.gov

Battery recycling in USA, United States Environmental Protection Agency, archived from the original on 25 February 2004, retrieved 9 September 2008
US EPA, OLEM (16 May 2019). "Used Household Batteries". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
EPA, OSWER, ORCR, US (10 August 2015). "Sustainable Materials Management – US EPA". US EPA. Retrieved 23 April 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

nepis.epa.gov

"Engineering Bulletin: Selection of Control Technologies for Remediation of Lead Battery Recycling Sites", September 1992, Superfund: EPA/540/S-95/011, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (also at: [1]) retrieved May 15, 2021
The Impacts of Lead Industry Economics and Hazardous Waste Regulations on Lead-Acid Battery Recycling: Revision and Update,, p.22. September 1987, prepared for the Office of Policy Analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, by Putnam, Hayes & Bartlett, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, (also at [2]) retrieved May 15, 2021

archive.epa.gov

"Implementation Resources for Spent Lead-Acid Battery Exporters," in "Wastes - Hazardous Waste - International Waste Activities," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, retrieved May 15, 2021

epbaeurope.net

Fisher, Karen; Wallén, Erika; Laenen, Pieter Paul; Collins, Michael (18 October 2006), Battery Waste Management: Life Cycle Assessment (PDF), Environmental Resources Management, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2013

erneuerbar-mobil.de

Buchert, Matthias (14 December 2016). "Aktualisierte Ökobilanzen zum Recyclingverfahren LithoRec II für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien" (PDF).

europa.eu

op.europa.eu

Mehlhart, G.; et al. (Öko-Institut e.V.) (22 March 2021), Assessment of options to improve particular aspects of the EU regulatory framework on batteries, European Union, pp. 55–56, ISBN 9789276320685, retrieved 20 June 2022

ec.europa.eu

"Waste statistics - recycling of batteries and accumulators". Eurostat. January 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bernardes, A. M.; Espinosa, D. C. R.; Tenorio, J. A. S. (3 May 2004). "Recycling of batteries: a review of current processes and technologies". Journal of Power Sources. 130 (1–2): 291–298. Bibcode:2004JPS...130..291B. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.026. ISSN 0378-7753.
Sun, Zhi; Cao, Hongbin; Zhang, Xihua; Lin, Xiao; Zheng, Wenwen; Cao, Guoqing; Sun, Yong; Zhang, Yi (1 June 2017). "Spent lead-acid battery recycling in China – A review and sustainable analyses on mass flow of lead". Waste Management. 64: 190–201. Bibcode:2017WaMan..64..190S. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.007. PMID 28318961.
Moreno-Merino, Luis; Jiménez-Hernández, Maria Emilia; de la Losa, Almudena; Huerta-Muñoz, Virginia (1 September 2015). "Comparative assessment of button cells using a normalized index for potential pollution by heavy metals". Science of the Total Environment. 526: 187–195. Bibcode:2015ScTEn.526..187M. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.068. ISSN 0048-9697.
Harper, Gavin; Sommerville, Roberto; Kendrick, Emma; Driscoll, Laura; Slater, Peter; Stolkin, Rustam; Walton, Allan; Christensen, Paul; Heidrich, Oliver; Lambert, Simon; Abbott, Andrew; Ryder, Karl; Gaines, Linda; Anderson, Paul (2019). "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles". Nature. 575 (7781): 75–86. Bibcode:2019Natur.575...75H. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5. PMID 31695206.
Castelvecchi, Davide (17 August 2021). "Electric cars and batteries: how will the world produce enough?". Nature. 596 (7872): 336–339. Bibcode:2021Natur.596..336C. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02222-1. PMID 34404944. S2CID 237198496.

heise.de

Dilba, Denis (July 2019). "Auf dem Weg zum Öko-Akku". Technology Review. 7/2019: 28.

insideclimatenews.org

Gearino, Dan (13 January 2022). "Inside Clean Energy: Here Come the Battery Recyclers". Inside Climate News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022.

letsrecycle.com

Date, Will (19 September 2012). "UK 'on course' to meet first battery collection target". letsrecycle.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

lion-eng.de

Hanisch, Christian. "Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries" (PDF). Presentation on Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Lion Engineering GmbH. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2015.

mining.com

"Electra produces lithium from battery recycling trial". MINING.COM. 13 March 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Directgov, 22 January 2010 Archived 15 October 2012 at the UK Government Web Archive. Recycling batteries: Directgov – Environment and greener living.

nature.com

Castelvecchi, Davide (17 August 2021). "Electric cars and batteries: how will the world produce enough?". Nature. 596 (7872): 336–339. Bibcode:2021Natur.596..336C. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02222-1. PMID 34404944. S2CID 237198496.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Daniell, William E.; Van Tung, Lo; Wallace, Ryan M.; Havens, Deborah J.; Karr, Catherine J.; Bich Diep, Nguyen; Croteau, Gerry A.; Beaudet, Nancy J.; Duy Bao, Nguyen (2015). "Childhood Lead Exposure from Battery Recycling in Vietnam". BioMed Research International. 2015: 193715. doi:10.1155/2015/193715. ISSN 2314-6133. PMC 4637436. PMID 26587532.
Sun, Zhi; Cao, Hongbin; Zhang, Xihua; Lin, Xiao; Zheng, Wenwen; Cao, Guoqing; Sun, Yong; Zhang, Yi (1 June 2017). "Spent lead-acid battery recycling in China – A review and sustainable analyses on mass flow of lead". Waste Management. 64: 190–201. Bibcode:2017WaMan..64..190S. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.007. PMID 28318961.
Harper, Gavin; Sommerville, Roberto; Kendrick, Emma; Driscoll, Laura; Slater, Peter; Stolkin, Rustam; Walton, Allan; Christensen, Paul; Heidrich, Oliver; Lambert, Simon; Abbott, Andrew; Ryder, Karl; Gaines, Linda; Anderson, Paul (2019). "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles". Nature. 575 (7781): 75–86. Bibcode:2019Natur.575...75H. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5. PMID 31695206.
Castelvecchi, Davide (17 August 2021). "Electric cars and batteries: how will the world produce enough?". Nature. 596 (7872): 336–339. Bibcode:2021Natur.596..336C. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02222-1. PMID 34404944. S2CID 237198496.
Haryanto, Budi (1 March 2016). "Lead exposure from battery recycling in Indonesia". Reviews on Environmental Health. 31 (1): 13–16. doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0036. ISSN 2191-0308. PMID 26812760.
Rensmo, Amanda; Savvidou, Eleni K.; Cousins, Ian T.; Hu, Xianfeng; Schellenberger, Steffen; Benskin, Jonathan P. (21 June 2023). "Lithium-ion battery recycling: a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment?". Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 25 (6): 1015–1030. doi:10.1039/D2EM00511E. ISSN 2050-7895. PMID 37195252.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Daniell, William E.; Van Tung, Lo; Wallace, Ryan M.; Havens, Deborah J.; Karr, Catherine J.; Bich Diep, Nguyen; Croteau, Gerry A.; Beaudet, Nancy J.; Duy Bao, Nguyen (2015). "Childhood Lead Exposure from Battery Recycling in Vietnam". BioMed Research International. 2015: 193715. doi:10.1155/2015/193715. ISSN 2314-6133. PMC 4637436. PMID 26587532.
Varshney, Kalpna; Pradeep K. Varshney; Kajal Gautam; Monika Tanwar; Meghna Chaudhary: "Current trends and future perspectives in the recycling of spent lead acid batteries in India," Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 26, Part 2, 2020, Pages 592-602, retrieved from the National Institutes of Health, May 15, 2021
Ballantyne, Andrew D.; Jason P. Hallett; D. Jason Riley; Nilay Shah; and David J. Payne: "Lead acid battery recycling for the twenty-first century", R Soc Open Sci. 2018 May; 5(5): 171368, Royal Society Open Science, posted on the NCBI site of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, PMCID: PMC5990833, PMID 29892351, doi: 10.1098/rsos.171368, retrieved May 15, 2021

nytimes.com

Rosenthal, Elisabeth; Lehren, Andrew W.; Zabludovsky, Karla; Agren, David (8 December 2011), "Lead From Old U.S. Batteries Sent to Mexico Raises Risks", The New York Times, nytimes.com, retrieved 10 December 2011

parliament.uk

webarchive.parliament.uk

[4] Household Battery Collection Trials April 2005 – March 2008 Final report

pureearth.org

Ericson, Bret; Howard Hu; Emily Nash; Greg Ferraro; Julia Sinitsky; Mark Patrick Taylor: "Blood lead levels in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review,", March 2021 The Lancet Planetary Health, of The Lancet, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30278-3•, as cited in "Pure Earth, USC and Macquarie University Publish Landmark Lead Study in The Lancet Planetary Health Journal," The Pollution Blog, Pure Earth, retrieved May 15, 2021

recyclenow.com

Info on recycling Archived 25 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine. WRAP – "RecycleNow" National Recycling Campaign for England. Retrieved 24 January 2020.

reghardware.co.uk

Info on store takeback Archived 21 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Press article from 'Register Hardware 27 October 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2008.

rsc.org

pubs.rsc.org

Rensmo, Amanda; Savvidou, Eleni K.; Cousins, Ian T.; Hu, Xianfeng; Schellenberger, Steffen; Benskin, Jonathan P. (21 June 2023). "Lithium-ion battery recycling: a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment?". Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 25 (6): 1015–1030. doi:10.1039/D2EM00511E. ISSN 2050-7895. PMID 37195252.

sainsburys.co.uk

www2.sainsburys.co.uk

http://www2.sainsburys.co.uk/YourIdeas/forums/10060/ShowThread.aspx Archived 28 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Sainsbury's help centre.

sciencedirect.com

Moreno-Merino, Luis; Jiménez-Hernández, Maria Emilia; de la Losa, Almudena; Huerta-Muñoz, Virginia (1 September 2015). "Comparative assessment of button cells using a normalized index for potential pollution by heavy metals". Science of the Total Environment. 526: 187–195. Bibcode:2015ScTEn.526..187M. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.068. ISSN 0048-9697.

scientificamerican.com

Wilkerson, Jordan (1 February 2022). "Recycled Lithium-Ion Batteries Can Perform Better Than New Ones". Scientific American. Retrieved 5 February 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Burkert, Andreas (1 September 2018). "Effective Recycling of Electric-vehicle Batteries". ATZ Worldwide. 120 (9): 10–15. doi:10.1007/s38311-018-0139-z. ISSN 2192-9076. S2CID 134968969.
Castelvecchi, Davide (17 August 2021). "Electric cars and batteries: how will the world produce enough?". Nature. 596 (7872): 336–339. Bibcode:2021Natur.596..336C. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02222-1. PMID 34404944. S2CID 237198496.
Postema M, Phadke S, Novell A, Uzbekov R, Nyamupangedengu C, Anouti M, Bouakaz A (2019). "Ultrasonic Identification Technique in Recycling of Lithium Ion Batteries". 2019 IEEE Africon. pp. 1–4. arXiv:2001.09942. doi:10.1109/AFRICON46755.2019.9133954. ISBN 978-1-7281-3289-1. S2CID 210920508. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

theguardian.com

Guardian Newspaper Online, Leo Hickman 13-12-2007. Battery Recycling and Ethical Living. Retrieved 9 September 2008.

thelancet.com

Ericson, Bret; Howard Hu; Emily Nash; Greg Ferraro; Julia Sinitsky; Mark Patrick Taylor: "Blood lead levels in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review,", March 2021 The Lancet Planetary Health, of The Lancet, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30278-3•, as cited in "Pure Earth, USC and Macquarie University Publish Landmark Lead Study in The Lancet Planetary Health Journal," The Pollution Blog, Pure Earth, retrieved May 15, 2021

web.archive.org

Battery recycling in USA, United States Environmental Protection Agency, archived from the original on 25 February 2004, retrieved 9 September 2008
Fisher, Karen; Wallén, Erika; Laenen, Pieter Paul; Collins, Michael (18 October 2006), Battery Waste Management: Life Cycle Assessment (PDF), Environmental Resources Management, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2013
SmithBucklin Statistics Group, Chicago, Illinois (November 2019). "National Recycling Rate Study" (PDF). Battery Council. Battery Council International. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hanisch, Christian. "Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries" (PDF). Presentation on Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Lion Engineering GmbH. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
Gearino, Dan (13 January 2022). "Inside Clean Energy: Here Come the Battery Recyclers". Inside Climate News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022.
Date, Will (19 September 2012). "UK 'on course' to meet first battery collection target". letsrecycle.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
http://www2.sainsburys.co.uk/YourIdeas/forums/10060/ShowThread.aspx Archived 28 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Sainsbury's help centre.
Info on store takeback Archived 21 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Press article from 'Register Hardware 27 October 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
Info on recycling Archived 25 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine. WRAP – "RecycleNow" National Recycling Campaign for England. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
[5] Archived 6 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine Dry batteries and lithium primary batteries-BAJ
[6] Archived 12 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Recycling portable rechargeable batteries-BAJ
[7] JBRC Homepage – Google webcache

worldcat.org

Bernardes, A. M.; Espinosa, D. C. R.; Tenorio, J. A. S. (3 May 2004). "Recycling of batteries: a review of current processes and technologies". Journal of Power Sources. 130 (1–2): 291–298. Bibcode:2004JPS...130..291B. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.026. ISSN 0378-7753.
Daniell, William E.; Van Tung, Lo; Wallace, Ryan M.; Havens, Deborah J.; Karr, Catherine J.; Bich Diep, Nguyen; Croteau, Gerry A.; Beaudet, Nancy J.; Duy Bao, Nguyen (2015). "Childhood Lead Exposure from Battery Recycling in Vietnam". BioMed Research International. 2015: 193715. doi:10.1155/2015/193715. ISSN 2314-6133. PMC 4637436. PMID 26587532.
Moreno-Merino, Luis; Jiménez-Hernández, Maria Emilia; de la Losa, Almudena; Huerta-Muñoz, Virginia (1 September 2015). "Comparative assessment of button cells using a normalized index for potential pollution by heavy metals". Science of the Total Environment. 526: 187–195. Bibcode:2015ScTEn.526..187M. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.068. ISSN 0048-9697.
Wang, Zulin; Peng, Chao; Yliniemi, Kirsi; Lundström, Mari (19 October 2020). "Recovery of High-Purity Silver from Spent Silver Oxide Batteries by Sulfuric Acid Leaching and Electrowinning". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 8 (41): 15573–15583. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04701. ISSN 2168-0485.
Burkert, Andreas (1 September 2018). "Effective Recycling of Electric-vehicle Batteries". ATZ Worldwide. 120 (9): 10–15. doi:10.1007/s38311-018-0139-z. ISSN 2192-9076. S2CID 134968969.
Haryanto, Budi (1 March 2016). "Lead exposure from battery recycling in Indonesia". Reviews on Environmental Health. 31 (1): 13–16. doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0036. ISSN 2191-0308. PMID 26812760.
Rensmo, Amanda; Savvidou, Eleni K.; Cousins, Ian T.; Hu, Xianfeng; Schellenberger, Steffen; Benskin, Jonathan P. (21 June 2023). "Lithium-ion battery recycling: a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment?". Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 25 (6): 1015–1030. doi:10.1039/D2EM00511E. ISSN 2050-7895. PMID 37195252.

wrap.org.uk

[3] Waste & Resources Action Programme

yale.edu

e360.yale.edu

Pearce, Fred: "Getting the Lead Out: Why Battery Recycling Is a Global Health Hazard," November 2, 2020, Yale Environment 360, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, retrieved May 15, 2021

yle.fi

Numbers actually for years "before 2008" and "now", (that is, 2017), from http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-6434741 (in Finnish). The change is related to large grocery stores being obligated to accept used batteries from consumers.

ymaws.com

cdn.ymaws.com

SmithBucklin Statistics Group, Chicago, Illinois (November 2019). "National Recycling Rate Study" (PDF). Battery Council. Battery Council International. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)