Beat Generation (English Wikipedia)

Ed Sanders said in an interview in the film The Source (1999) (at the 1hr 17secs point) that he observed the change immediately after the 1967 Human Be-In event: "And right after the Be-In all of a sudden you were no longer a beatnik, you were a hippie." Similar remarks by Sanders: an interview with Jessa Piaia in SQUAWK Magazine, Issue #55, commented: "I've begun Tales of Beatnik Glory, Volume 3. Set in the Hippie era, it defines that delicate time when reporters no longer called us 'Beatnik,' but started to call us 'Hippie.'", https://www.angelfire.com/music/squawk/eds2.html; "There was a big article January of 1966, on page one of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, under the heading 'Beatnik Leader Wants Marijuana.' It was just before "hippie" replaced 'Beatnik.'" Ed Sanders, Larry Smith, Ingrid Swanberg, D.A. Levy & the mimeograph revolution (2007).

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

McDarrah, Fred W. (1996). Beat Generation: Glory Days in Greenwich Village. New York: Schirmer Books. pp. vii, 239. ISBN 978-0-02-864593-3.
Hemmer, Kurt, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of Beat Literature. Facts On File, Inc. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-8160-4297-5. These early books, too, are windows into the poet's efforts to find a place for his homosexual identity in the repressive pre-Stonewall United States.
Hemmer, Kurt, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of Beat Literature. Facts On File, Inc. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-8160-4297-5. And then, before the end of the decade, Burroughs had gone—leaving cold-war America to escape his criminalization as a homosexual and drug addict, to begin 25 years of expatriation.

beatdom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wills, David S. (October 7, 2015). "Sixty Years After the Six Gallery Reading". Beatdom. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
"Substance Use". Beatdom. September 14, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
Wills, David S. (July 28, 2007). "Allen Ginsberg and Bob Dylan". Beatdom. Retrieved June 10, 2024.

blues.gr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Interview 2013 by Greece Blues site Michalis Limnios BLUES @ GREECE.

bohemian.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Greg Cahill (November 24–30, 2004). "Mark Sandman". North Bay Bohemian.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Ginsberg, Allen (1995). Phillips, Lisa (ed.). Beat Culture and the New America, 1950-1965. Whitney Museum of American Art. pp. 17–19. ISBN 978-0-87427-098-3.
Collins, Ronald K. L.; Skover, David M. (2019). The People v. Ferlinghetti: The Fight to Publish Allen Ginsberg's Howl. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 151. ISBN 979-8-216-24670-1.
Raskin, Jonah (2004). American Scream: Allen Ginsberg's Howl and the Making of the Beat Generation. University of California Press. pp. 12, 14. ISBN 978-0-520-24015-5. Wally Hedrick—a painter and a veteran of the Korean War—approached Ginsberg in the summer of 1955 and asked him to organize a poetry reading at the Six Gallery [...] At first, Ginsberg refused. [...] But once he'd written a rough draft of Howl, he changed his 'fucking mind,' as he put it.
Collins, Ronald K. L.; Skover, David M. (2019). The People v. Ferlinghetti: The Fight to Publish Allen Ginsberg's Howl. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-5381-2590-8.
Solnit, Rebecca (1995). "Heretical Constellations: Notes on California, 1946-61". In Phillips, Lisa (ed.). Beat Culture and the New America, 1950-1965. Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 69. ISBN 978-2-08-013613-8.
Solnit, Rebecca (1995). "Heretical Constellations: Notes on California, 1946-61". In Phillips, Lisa (ed.). Beat Culture and the New America, 1950-1965. Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 76. ISBN 978-2-08-013613-8.
Solnit, Rebecca (1995). "Heretical Constellations: Notes on California, 1946-61". In Phillips, Lisa (ed.). Beat Culture and the New America, 1950-1965. Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 81. ISBN 978-2-08-013613-8.
Phillips, Lisa, ed. (1995). Beat Culture and the New America, 1950-1965. Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 38. ISBN 978-2-08-013613-8.
Phillips, Lisa, ed. (1995). Beat Culture and the New America, 1950-1965. Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 37. ISBN 978-2-08-013613-8.
Mortenson, Erik (2010). Capturing the Beat Moment: Cultural Politics and the Poetics of Presence. SIU Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8093-8613-0.
Weidman, Rich (2015). The Beat Generation FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Angelheaded Hipsters. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. pp. 162–163. ISBN 978-1-61713-635-1.
Mortenson, Erik (2010). Capturing the Beat Moment: Cultural Politics and the Poetics of Presence. SIU Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-0-8093-8613-0.
Mortenson, Erik (2010). Capturing the Beat Moment: Cultural Politics and the Poetics of Presence. SIU Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8093-8613-0.
Allen Ginsberg, The Essential Ginsberg, Penguin UK, 2015.
Miles, Barry (2000). The Beat Hotel: Ginsberg, Burroughs, and Corso in Paris, 1958-1963. Grove Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-8021-3817-0.
Miles, Barry (2000). The Beat Hotel: Ginsberg, Burroughs, and Corso in Paris, 1958-1963. Grove Press. pp. 124–126. ISBN 978-0-8021-3817-0.
Lane, Véronique (2017). The French Genealogy of the Beat Generation: Burroughs, Ginsberg and Kerouac's Appropriations of Modern Literature, from Rimbaud to Michaux. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-5013-2505-2.
Ellis Amburn describes a telephone conversation with Jack Kerouac: "John Lennon subsequently contacted Kerouac, revealing that the band's name was derived from 'Beat.' 'He was sorry he hadn't come to see me when they played Queens,' Kerouac said, referring to the Beatles Shea Stadium concert in 1965." Amburn, Ellis, Subterranean Kerouac: The Hidden Life of Jack Kerouac, p. 342, ISBN 0-312-20677-1.
Martinez, Manuel Luis (2003). Countering the Counterculture: Rereading Postwar American Dissent from Jack Kerouac to Tomás Rivera. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 51–52. ISBN 9780299192839.

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dictionary.cambridge.org

"Hedonism | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary". Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved October 26, 2026.

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"Curious About Columbia?". c250.columbia.edu. Retrieved August 17, 2022.

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"Aztec Two-Step". Discogs. 1972. Retrieved May 30, 2015.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Genter, Robert (2004). ""I'm Not His Father": Lionel Trilling, Allen Ginsberg, and the Contours of Literary Modernism". College Literature. 31 (2): 22–52. doi:10.1353/lit.2004.0019. JSTOR 25115190. S2CID 171033733.
Schneider, D. (2015). Crowded by beauty: the life and Zen of poet Philip Whalen. (p. xv) University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520960992
See, Raven J (2016). "Fashion and female beat identity in the writing of di Prima, Johnson, and Jones". CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture. 18 (5) 16. Purdue University Press: 3. doi:10.7771/1481-4374.2905 – via Purdue University.
Friedman, A. L. (1998). 'Being here as hard as I could:' The Beat Generation Women Writers. Discourse, 20(1/2), 229–244. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41389884
Prothero, Stephen (1991). "On the Holy Road: The Beat Movement as Spiritual Protest". The Harvard Theological Review. 84 (2): 205–222. doi:10.1017/S0017816000008166. S2CID 162913767.
Douglas, Ann (September 2013). "Holy Fools: The Beat Generation and the Cold War". Reviews in American History. 41 (3): 525–532. doi:10.1353/rah.2013.0062.
Douglas, Ann (September 2013). "Holy Fools: The Beat Generation and the Cold War". Reviews in American History. 41 (3): 526. doi:10.1353/rah.2013.0062.
Douglas, Ann (September 2013). "Holy Fools: The Beat Generation and the Cold War". Reviews in American History. 41 (3): 526. doi:10.1353/rah.2013.0062.
Breslin, James (April 1977). "Allen Ginsberg: The Origins of "Howl" and "Kaddish"". The Iowa Review. 8 (2): 88. doi:10.17077/0021-065X.2207.

hacettepe.edu.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"Interview with Robert Creeley" (PDF). Journal of American Studies of Turkey. 27: 73–81. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 28, 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-10. TV interview 1982 poets Hedwig Gorski and Robert Creeley discuss Beats. Special Robert Creeley issue, Turkey.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; English: 141^st place)

Lundberg, John (October 16, 2011). "The Great Drug-Induced Poems". Huffington Post. Retrieved September 12, 2017.

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Douglas, Ann (September 2013). "Holy Fools: The Beat Generation and the Cold War". Reviews in American History. 41 (3): 525–532. doi:10.1353/rah.2013.0062.
Douglas, Ann (September 2013). "Holy Fools: The Beat Generation and the Cold War". Reviews in American History. 41 (3): 526. doi:10.1353/rah.2013.0062.
Douglas, Ann (September 2013). "Holy Fools: The Beat Generation and the Cold War". Reviews in American History. 41 (3): 526. doi:10.1353/rah.2013.0062.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Genter, Robert (2004). ""I'm Not His Father": Lionel Trilling, Allen Ginsberg, and the Contours of Literary Modernism". College Literature. 31 (2): 22–52. doi:10.1353/lit.2004.0019. JSTOR 25115190. S2CID 171033733.
Hadda, J. (2008). Ginsberg in Hospital. American Imago, 65(2), 229–259. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26305281
Petrus, Stephen (1997). "Rumblings of Discontent: American Popular Culture and its Response to the Beat Generation, 1957-1960". Studies in Popular Culture. 20 (1). Popular Culture Association in the South: 2–6. ISSN 0888-5753.
Ward, G. (1993). William Burroughs: A literary outlaw? The Cambridge Quarterly, 22(4), 339–354. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42967287
Friedman, Amy L (1998). ""Being here as hard as I could:" The Beat Generation Women Writers". Discourse. 20 (1/2): 229–244. JSTOR 41389884 – via JSTOR.
Stimpson, Catherine R (1983). "The Beat Generation And The Trials Of Homosexual Liberation". Salmagundi (58/59): 378–379. JSTOR 40547579 – via JSTOR.
Hernandez, R. (2002). Between Black, Brown & Beige: Latino Poets and the Legacy of Bob Kaufman. Callaloo, 25(1), 190–196. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3300407
Winans, A. D. (2000). Bob Kaufman. The American Poetry Review, 29(3), 19–20. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27783404

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"Beat Party Nominates Antipresidential Choice". Austin American-Statesman. AP. July 21, 1960. p. 39. Retrieved October 31, 2026.
"Anti-Presidential Nominee Named on 5th Beat Ballot". The Amarillo Globe-Times. July 21, 1960. p. 17. Retrieved October 31, 2026.

normanrea.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Norton, Sophie (2021). "Poetry Is In The Streets: Lessons From The Beat Generation". Norman Rea Gallery.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

The exuberance is much stronger in the published On the Road, than in its manuscript (in scroll-form). Lucy Sante: "In the scroll the use of the word "holy" must be 80 percent less than in the novel, and psalmodic references to the author's unique generation are down by at least two-thirds; uses of the word "beat", for that matter, clearly favor the exhausted over the beatific." New York Times Book Review, August 19, 2007.
Kakutani, Michiko (November 10, 2008). "A Jack Kerouac-William S. Burroughs Collaboration: 'And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
"... the name Beatles comes from 'Beat' ..." Regina Weinreich, "Books: The Birth of the Beat Generation", The Sunday New York Times Book Review, January 11, 1996; a review of Steven Watson's THE BIRTH OF THE BEAT GENERATION: Visionaries, Rebels, and Hipsters 1944–1960.
Palmer, Robert (July 14, 1982). "The Pop Life". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2021.

online-literature.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Beat Generation – Literature Periods & Movements.

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

"Mrs. America: Women's Roles in the 1950s". PBS American Experience. 2003.

pennyblackmusic.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,610^th place)

"Tom Waits – The Pursuit of the Beats". www.pennyblackmusic.co.uk. Retrieved September 12, 2017.

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Saloy, Mona L (2005). "When I Die, I Won't Stay Dead: The Poetry of Bob Kaufman" – via Louisiana State University Press.
Holden, Stephen (May 19, 1980). "Sounds Around Town". New York Times. ProQuest 427202678.

purdue.edu (Global: 1,391^st place; English: 979^th place)

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See, Raven J (2016). "Fashion and female beat identity in the writing of di Prima, Johnson, and Jones". CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture. 18 (5) 16. Purdue University Press: 3. doi:10.7771/1481-4374.2905 – via Purdue University.

reed.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,280^th place)

reed.edu

"Reed Magazine: When the Beats Came Back (1/6)". reed.edu. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2014.

cdm.reed.edu

"Reed Digital Collections : Search Results". cdm.reed.edu. Retrieved November 30, 2014.

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Genter, Robert (2004). ""I'm Not His Father": Lionel Trilling, Allen Ginsberg, and the Contours of Literary Modernism". College Literature. 31 (2): 22–52. doi:10.1353/lit.2004.0019. JSTOR 25115190. S2CID 171033733.
Prothero, Stephen (1991). "On the Holy Road: The Beat Movement as Spiritual Protest". The Harvard Theological Review. 84 (2): 205–222. doi:10.1017/S0017816000008166. S2CID 162913767.

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; English: 142^nd place)

Herb Caen (February 6, 1997). "Pocketful of Notes". San Francisco Chronicle. sfgate.com. Archived from the original on November 14, 2002. Retrieved January 30, 2010. "...Look magazine, preparing a picture spread on S.F.'s Beat Generation (oh, no, not AGAIN!), hosted a party in a No. Beach house for 50 Beatniks, and by the time word got around the sour grapevine, over 250 bearded cats and kits were on hand, slopping up Mike Cowles' free booze. They're only Beat, know, when it comes to work ..."

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 686^th place; English: 383^rd place)

Garton-Gundling, Kyle. "Beat Buddhism and American freedom". thefreelibrary.com. Johns Hopkins University Press. Archived from the original on December 26, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Browning, Boo (July 29, 1982). "Homage to the Gurus of Beat". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 22, 2021.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Smith, Mike (November 7, 2013). "Adaptation And The Environmental Beat: Poet-Activist Gary Snyder Lands In Albuquerque | Weekly Alibi". Archived from the original on April 19, 2026. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
"Reed Magazine: When the Beats Came Back (1/6)". reed.edu. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
"Interview with Robert Creeley" (PDF). Journal of American Studies of Turkey. 27: 73–81. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 28, 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-10. TV interview 1982 poets Hedwig Gorski and Robert Creeley discuss Beats. Special Robert Creeley issue, Turkey.
Garton-Gundling, Kyle. "Beat Buddhism and American freedom". thefreelibrary.com. Johns Hopkins University Press. Archived from the original on December 26, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
Herb Caen (February 6, 1997). "Pocketful of Notes". San Francisco Chronicle. sfgate.com. Archived from the original on November 14, 2002. Retrieved January 30, 2010. "...Look magazine, preparing a picture spread on S.F.'s Beat Generation (oh, no, not AGAIN!), hosted a party in a No. Beach house for 50 Beatniks, and by the time word got around the sour grapevine, over 250 bearded cats and kits were on hand, slopping up Mike Cowles' free booze. They're only Beat, know, when it comes to work ..."
"... author WILLIAM S. BURROUGHS, 84, whose nihilistic novels have influenced U2 front man BONO ... ", Martha Pickerill, Time, June 2, 1997.

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Kakutani, Michiko (November 10, 2008). "A Jack Kerouac-William S. Burroughs Collaboration: 'And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
Petrus, Stephen (1997). "Rumblings of Discontent: American Popular Culture and its Response to the Beat Generation, 1957-1960". Studies in Popular Culture. 20 (1). Popular Culture Association in the South: 2–6. ISSN 0888-5753.

Beat Generation (English Wikipedia)

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