Bermuda (English Wikipedia)

Girvan, Norman (2001), "Reinterpreting the Caribbean". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2010. In New Caribbean Thought, Folke Lindahl and Brian Meeks (eds), UWI Press, pp. 3 ff. Google Books Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 976-640-103-9

ancestry.com

freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com

"The Portuguese of the West Indies". freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 31 July 2001. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2010.

anglicanenl.net

"Our History". Anglican East NL. Anglican Diocese of Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.

angloboerwar.com

"Bermuda". Camps for Boers. Angloboerwar.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2012.

archive.org

Britton, Lord Nathaniel (8 January 1918). "Flora of Bermuda". New York, New York: Scribner's sons. Retrieved 8 January 2021 – via Internet Archive.

archive.today

"Bermuda – history and heritage". Smithsonian. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
Kent, Jonathan (12 January 2007), "$1.6m average house price? It's a distortion says Sir John", The Royal Gazette. ^{[dead link]}

atlascom.us

Howes, James (2005). Attack on Baltimore launched from Bermuda in the War of 1812. atlascom.us (Report). Archived from the original on 15 March 2008.

bamz.org

"Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo". Bamz.org. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2010.

bbc.co.uk

"Migration's effect on Britain - government. Post-war British laws for and against immigration, 1945-1972: Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021. This act imposed strict quotas and removed automatic right of entry into Britain for Asian British passport holders (except those born in Britain or those who had a British parent or grandparent). The next Conservative government brought in further tough controls on immigration.
"Commonwealth immigrants in the Modern Era, 1948-present". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
"Migration's effect on Britain - government. Post-war British laws for and against immigration, 1945-1972: Immigration Act 1971". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021. This Act moved away from the employment vouchers scheme and established temporary work permits. The Act also introduced the category of 'patrial' which was a 'grandfather' clause: if you had a grandparent born in the UK then you were exempt from the immigration controls.

news.bbc.co.uk

"ON THIS DAY 1950-2005: 26 November, 1968: Race discrimination law tightened". BBC News. 26 November 2008. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2021. At the beginning of the year, up to 1,000 Kenyan Asians, who hold British passports, were arriving in Britain each month. Amid growing unrest, the government rushed through the Commonwealth Immigrants Act in March, restricting the number of Kenyan Asians who could enter the country to those who had a relative who was already a British resident. The new Race Relations Act is intended to counter-balance the Immigration Act, and so fulfil the government's promise to be "fair but tough" on immigrants
Bermuda set for 2013 Island Games

bercol.bm

"Bermuda College". Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2008.

bermuda-attractions.com

"Somers Garden". Bermuda-attractions.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2012.

bermuda-online.org

Forbes, Keith Archibald. "Bermuda's History from 1500 to 1699". bermuda-online.org. Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2007.
"American military bases in Bermuda 1941 to 1995". Bermuda Online. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
Forbes, Keith. "Bermuda Climate and Weather". The Royal Gazette. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
Forbes, Keith. "Bermuda's distinguished visitors over the years". The Royal Gazette. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 22 September 2007.
"Bermuda Government today". Bermuda-Online.org. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2010. In July 2003, Bermuda formally joined the Caribbean Community as an Associate Member (non-voting member)...
Forbes, Keith Archibald. "Bermuda Healthcare costs". bermuda-online.org/healthcare. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
"Bermuda's Healthcare costs for residents and visitors". www.bermuda-online.org. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.

bermudahospitals.bm

"Contact Us". bermudahospitals.bm. Bermuda Hospitals Board. Archived from the original on 6 December 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.

bermudalaws.bm

"Time Zone Act" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2020.

bermudamasterworks.com

"Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art – official website". Bermudamasterworks.org. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.

bermudamedical.com

Nigel (27 March 2019). "Lahey to provide medical services at BMSG". bermudamedical.com (Press release). Bermuda Medical Specialties Group. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.

bermudarailway.net

Horn, Simon (c. 2010). "Building the Bermuda Railway". bermudarailway.net. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.

bermudastamps.co.uk

Rigby, Neil (26 January 1984). "1984 – 200th anniversary of Bermuda's first newspaper and postal service". bermudastamps.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.

bermudasun.bm

Jones, Simon (3 February 2013). "Bermuda rep elected chair of UKOTA". Bermuda Sun Ltd. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
Ebbin, Meredith (2 August 2007), "Average family home now $1.8m" Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Bermuda Sun.
Gozney, Richard H.T. (6 November 2009). "2009 Throne Speech". BDA Sun Bermuda Sun Online. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

bermudatourism.com

"Bermuda Railway Trail". Bermuda Dept. of Tourism. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2008.

bernews.com

Baker, Juanae (31 October 2014). "Looking at the tale of the "Isle of Devils"". Bernews. Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
Martin, David (11 November 2011). "Bermuda's WWII espionage role". BerNews. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
"Holiday to mark arrival of Portuguese immigrants". BerNews. 1 June 2018. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
"Portugal Honorary Consul: 'We are very excited'". BerNews. 2 June 2018. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
"Bermuda Elected Chair Of Territories Association". Bernews. 1 February 2017. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
"PLP Candidates: Commissiong & Rabain". BerNews. Bermuda. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
"Rolfe Commissiong No Longer In Cabinet". BerNews. Bermuda. 10 October 2020. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
"MPs Pass Bill To Abolish Regiment Conscription". Bernews. 23 June 2018. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
"Bermuda Arts Council Annual Awards Ceremony". Bernews. 24 October 2017. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.

bhec.bm

"Licensed and approved health insurers" (PDF). bhec.bm. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2017.

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"Bermuda International Film Festival – official website". Biff.bm. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.

bloomberg.com

Drucker, Jesse (15 December 2012). "Google Revenues Sheltered in No-Tax Bermuda Soar to $10 Billion". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2017.

bma.bm

Quarterly Banking Digest, Q1 2014 Archived 7 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. bma.bm. Retrieved 26 April 2017.

bnt.bm

Chudleigh, Diana (2002). Bermuda's Architectural Heritage: Hamilton Parish. Bermuda: The Bermuda National Trust. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.

books.google.com

Stark, James Henry (1897). Stark's Illustrated Bermuda Guide. Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands): J.H. Stark. p. 250. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2018. A description of everything on or about these places of which the visitor or resident may desire information, including their history, inhabitants, climate, agriculture, geology, government, and resources
Crooker, Richard A. (2009). Bermuda. Infobase Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 9781438104874. Archived from the original on 3 June 2022 – via Google Books.
Girvan, Norman (2001), "Reinterpreting the Caribbean". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2010. In New Caribbean Thought, Folke Lindahl and Brian Meeks (eds), UWI Press, pp. 3 ff. Google Books Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 976-640-103-9

britannica.com

"Bermuda". Britannica (online ed.). Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
Rushe, George. "Bermuda Islands". Britannica Online. Atlantic Ocean. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2015.

british-history.ac.uk

"An Act for prohibiting Trade with the Barbadoes, Virginia, Bermuda, and Antego". British History Online (british-history.ac.uk). October 1650. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2022.

bsx.com

"Bermuda Stock Exchange". www.bsx.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
"Bermuda Stock Exchange". bsx.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.

but.bm

"Bermuda Education Act 1996" (PDF). Bermuda Union of Teachers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2020.

butterfieldgroup.com

bm.butterfieldgroup.com

Bank of Butterfield Exchange Rate Page. Butterfieldbank.bm. Retrieved 15 August 2012. Archived 9 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine

caribbean360.com

Clifford, Ivan. "Bermuda PLP 14-year reign ends with premier also losing seat". Caribbean360. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2012.

cbsnews.com

O'Kane, Caitlin (27 July 2021). "Bermuda wins its first gold medal, becoming the smallest country to win gold at the Summer Olympics". CBS News (cbsnews.com).

cia.gov

"Bermuda". CIA World Factbook. North America. July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2019. This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.
Central Intelligence Agency (2009). "Bermuda". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2010.

cntraveler.com

la Huta, David (28 May 2019). "10 Best Museums in Bermuda". Condé Nast Traveler. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.

college.bm

"Historical Context of Education in Bermuda: Perspectives of a Participant Observer" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
"Bermuda College Pathways to a Bachelor's Degree". Bermuda College. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.

communityandculture.bm

"Portuguese Rock". communityandculture.bm. Bermuda: Department of Community & Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2015.

conservation.bm

"Diamondback Terrapin". The Department of Conservation Services. Bermuda. Archived from the original on 7 August 2014.

dcoffice.gov.bm

Bermuda Government office in Washington, D.C. Archived 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Dcoffice.gov.bm. Retrieved 15 August 2012.

dod.mil

Bermuda Triangle Fact Sheet (PDF) (Report). Frequently Asked Questions. U.S. Department of Defense. 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 November 2016.

doi.org

JJill B. Gaieski,1 Amanda C. Owings,1 Miguel G. Vilar,1 Matthew C. Dulik,1 David F. Gaieski,2 Rachel M. Gittelman,1 John Lindo,1 Lydia Gau,1 Theodore G. Schurr1*, and The Genographic Consortium (1 = Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; 2 = Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104) (2011). "Genetic Ancestry and Indigenous Heritage in a Native American Descendant Community in Bermuda". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 146 (3). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (Volume146, Issue 3, November 2011, Pages 392-405): 392–405. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21588. Retrieved 7 April 2024. the non-white population....we analyzed genetic variation among members of this community....Our results reveal that the majority of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome haplotypes are of African and West Eurasian origin. However, unlike other English-speaking New World colonies, most African mtDNA haplotypes appear to derive from central and southeast Africa, reflecting the extent of maritime activities in the region........RESULTS: mtDNA diversity...The majority of mtDNA lineages observed in Bermudians (68%) originated in Africa....West Eurasian haplogroups comprised 31% of the Bermudian mtDNA haplotypes..... Y-chromosome diversity...one-third of the Bermudian male participants, had three NRY haplogroups of African ancestry...West Eurasian haplogroups accounted for the majority of the male participants and the vast majority of their Y-chromosomes....More than two-thirds of the mtDNAs (68%) are of African origin, and approximately one-third of them (31%) are of European origin. By contrast, Native American lineages constitute less than 1% of Bermudian mtDNAs, somewhat less was expected based on oral histories and archival data....The NRY haplogroup data likewise reveal clear contributions from the same two major source areas. However, the trend is reversed, with European lineages accounting for 66% of St. David's Islander Y-chromosomes and African lineages accounting for 32% of them. Native American haplogroups comprised only 2% of Bermudian Y-chromosomes, less than anticipated based on oral history and archival data.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Lin, David; Hanscom, Laurel; Murthy, Adeline; Galli, Alessandro; Evans, Mikel; Neill, Evan; et al. (2018). "Ecological footprint accounting for countries: Updates and results of the National Footprint accounts, 2012-2018". Resources. 7 (3): 58. doi:10.3390/resources7030058.
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; et al. (2017). "An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Grady, F.V. & Olson, S.L. (2006). "Fossil bats from Quaternary deposits on Bermuda (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 87 (1): 148–152. doi:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-179R1.1.
"Pterodroma cahow". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. BirdLife International: e.T22698088A132624115. 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698088A132624115.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Young, John (1996). "The Western Summit at Bermuda, December 1953". In Dunn, David H. (ed.). Diplomacy at the Highest Level: The Evolution of International Summitry. Studies in Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 165–181. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-24915-2_11. ISBN 978-1-349-24915-2.
Paquet, Sandra Pouchet (1992). "The Heartbeat of a West Indian Slave: The History of Mary Prince". African American Review. 26 (1): 131–146. doi:10.2307/3042083. ISSN 1062-4783. JSTOR 3042083. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.

ducksters.com

"Brief history of Bermuda". Ducksters. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.

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Nicholls, Mark (3 May 2011). "Sir George Somers (1554–1610)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.

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"Endemic Species". The Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Bermuda. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
"Longtail (White Tailed Tropicbird)". The Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.

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"Bermuda Geography". ExchangeRate.Com. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2010.

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"Hamilton Princess & Beach Club". Fairmont.com. Fairmont, Hotels & Resorts. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2021. a Fairmont managed hotel - luxury hotel in Hamilton

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"Bermuda's 400th birthday" (PDF). Bearboa.files.wordpress.com. 11 February 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2012.

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"History in Bermuda". Frommer's. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
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Leonard, Tom (11 June 2009). "British anger over Bermuda decision to take Guantanamo detainees". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

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"Religions in Bermuda". Globalreligiousfutures.org. PEW-GRF. Archived from the original on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2017.

google.com

Barrett, Devlin (11 June 2009). "4 Chinese Muslims released from Guantanamo". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009.

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"Haunted Bermuda: 5 ghosts you might meet on the island". gotobermuda.com. Bermuda Tourism Authority. 2 June 2016. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
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"Bermuda 2016 Census" (PDF). Bermuda Department of Statistics. December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
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gutenberg.org

The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London: the First Charter April 10, 1606, with an introduction by Samuel M. Bemiss, President, Virginia Historical Society. Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation, Williamsburg, Virginia 1957 Archived 14 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Gutenberg.org

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babel.hathitrust.org

Lefroy, Sir John Henry (1981). Memorials of the Discovery and Early Settlement of the Bermudas or Somers Islands 1515-1685, Volume I. Bermuda: The Bermuda Historical Society and The Bermuda National Trust (the first edition having been published in 1877, with funds provided by the Government of Bermuda), printed in Canada by The University of Toronto Press.

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Smith, Evan; Varnava, Andrekos (4 June 2018). "Restrictions on British colonial migrants in an era of free movement: the case of Cyprus". History & Policy. Institute of Historical Research, Senate House, University of London. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021. The British authorities sought to restrict further numbers from immigrating to Britain through a number of measures, despite the fact that Cypriots were British subjects. This was done predominantly through the refusal to issue passports, as well as requesting that those travelling from the island pay a surety bond. The British limited the number of passports issued to Cypriots intending to travel to Britain. To obtain a passport for Britain, Cypriots had to pay a bond (in case they had to be repatriated).

humanrights.com

"Magna Carta, Petition of Right, History of Civil Liberties". United for Human Rights. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

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"Pterodroma cahow". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. BirdLife International: e.T22698088A132624115. 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698088A132624115.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

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Warwick, Professor (of Political Science) John (24 September 2007). "Race and the development of Immigration policy during the 20th century". Race and the development of Immigration policy during the 20th century. Professor John Warwick. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
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jstor.org

Paquet, Sandra Pouchet (1992). "The Heartbeat of a West Indian Slave: The History of Mary Prince". African American Review. 26 (1): 131–146. doi:10.2307/3042083. ISSN 1062-4783. JSTOR 3042083. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.

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"What Are the Commonwealth Realms?". www.monarchist.org.au. Australian Monarchist League. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021. These are independent kingdoms where Elizabeth II is Queen and Sovereign. There are 16 of them (see below) and all are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Each Realm, being independent of all the others, titles the Queen differently.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

"Commonwealth Immigration control and legislation: The Commonwealth Immigration Act 1962". nationalarchives.gov.uk. British Government National Archives. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2021. Butler oversaw the production of the Bill that became the Commonwealth Immigration Act of 1962. This controlled the immigration of all Commonwealth passport holders (except those who held UK passports). Prospective immigrants now needed to apply for a work voucher, graded according to the applicant's employment prospects.
"Commonwealth Immigration control and legislation: The Commonwealth Immigration Act 1962". nationalarchives.gov.uk. British Government National Archives. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021. In 1967, Asians from Kenya and Uganda, fearing discrimination from their own national governments, began to arrive in Britain. They had retained their British citizenship following independence, and were therefore not subject to the act. The Conservative Enoch Powell and his associates campaigned for tighter controls. The Labour government responded with the Commonwealth Immigration Act of 1968. It extended control to those without a parent or grandparent who was born in or was a citizen of the UK.
"Commonwealth Immigration control and legislation: The Commonwealth Immigration Act 1962". nationalarchives.gov.uk. British Government National Archives. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021. The Conservative government announced the Immigration Act of 1971. The act replaced employment vouchers with work permits, allowing only temporary residence. 'Patrials' (those with close UK associations) were exempted from the act.

media.nationalarchives.gov.uk

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nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; et al. (2017). "An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; et al. (2017). "An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.

nmb.bm

indexed by A. C. Hollis Hallett. Updated by: C. F. E. Hollis Hallett (2005). 19th Century Church Registers of Bermuda. Bermuda: Juniperhill Press and Bermuda Maritime Museum Press. Page x, Guide to the Use of this Index: Coloured and White. ISBN 0-921992-23-8. Today, the term 'Coloured' as a racial distinction referring to the Black population is no longer used, but in the period covered by this index it was the usual term and has been retained......We suspect that the clergy generally made a decision whether they would describe a person as 'White', and the 'Coloured' designation was used for everyone not described as 'White'. Users of this index should not confine themselves to 'White' or 'Coloured' registers (where they are separated) but should look at both. They should also not take too seriously the indication 'Col.' or 'Wh.' that appears often under Comments; these were occasionally written into the margins of the register by the clergyman or parish clerk.

noaa.gov

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