Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory" in English language version.

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33web.archive.org

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20nytimes.com

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14washingtonpost.com

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apnews.com

Lindsay Whitehurst; Lisa Mascaro (February 15, 2024). "FBI informant charged with lying about Joe and Hunter Biden's ties to Ukrainian energy company". Associated Press.
Richer, Alanna Durkin (December 12, 2024). "Ex-FBI informant accused of lying about Bidens agrees to plead guilty to federal charges". Associated Press. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
Jalonick, Mary Clare; Balsamo, Michael (April 20, 2021). "Intel officials say Russia boosting Trump candidacy". Associated Press. Retrieved June 5, 2023.

archive.today

Kessler, Glenn (September 27, 2019). "A quick guide to Trump's false claims about Ukraine and the Bidens". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2021. Trump has falsely claimed that Biden in 2015 pressured the Ukrainian government to fire Viktor Shokin, the top Ukrainian prosecutor, because he was investigating Ukraine's largest private gas company, Burisma, which had added Biden's son, Hunter, to its board in 2014.
Schmidt, Michael S.; Protess, Ben; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Rashbaum, William K. (October 11, 2019). "Giuliani Is Said to Be Under Investigation for Ukraine Work". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2020.

arxiv.org

Badawy, Adam; Addawood, Aseel; Lerman, Kristina; Ferrara, Emilio (2019). "Characterizing the 2016 Russian IRA influence campaign". Social Network Analysis and Mining. 9. arXiv:1812.01997. doi:10.1007/s13278-019-0578-6. S2CID 256091225.

bbc.com

McCausland, Phil (November 15, 2023). "Ukraine charges officials tied to Hunter Biden probe and Russia". Retrieved November 23, 2023.

bloomberg.com

Baker, Stephanie; Reznik, Irina (October 18, 2019). "To Win Giuliani's Help, Oligarch's Allies Pursued Biden Dirt". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on October 19, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
Strohm, Chris; Fabian, Jordan (November 15, 2019). "Giuliani Faces U.S. Probe on Campaign Finance, Lobbying Breaches". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.

businessinsider.com

Sheth, Sonam (March 17, 2021). "Russian proxies 'helped produce a documentary that aired on a US television network' last year, intelligence report says". Business Insider. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
Sheth, Sonam (March 19, 2022). "Marie Yovanovitch says Rudy Giuliani was Trump's 'personal dirt-digger' and corrupt Ukrainians used him to spread 'lies and half-truths' in the US". Business Insider. Retrieved March 20, 2022. Trump tried to "pressure the Ukrainian president into publicly announcing investigations targeting the Bidens while withholding vital military aid and a White House meeting."

cbsnews.com

Legare, Robert; Fitzgerald, Elli (December 16, 2024). "Ex-FBI informant Alexander Smirnov pleads guilty to lying about the Bidens - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved February 18, 2025.

cfr.org

"Foreign Affairs Issue Launch with Former Vice President Joe Biden". Council on Foreign Relations. January 23, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2023.

cnn.com

Kaczynski, Andrew; Steck, Em (October 3, 2019). "Republican senators echoed Biden in urging Ukrainian president to reform prosecutor general's office". CNN.
Cohen, Zachary; Cohen, Marshall; Polantz, Katelyn (March 16, 2021). "US intelligence report says Russia used Trump allies to influence 2020 election with goal of 'denigrating' Biden". CNN. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
Kaczynski, Andrew; Steck, Em (October 3, 2019). "Republican senators echoed Biden in urging Ukrainian president to reform prosecutor general's office". CNN. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
Dale, Daniel; Cohen, Marshall; Grayer, Annie (September 28, 2023). "Fact check: Republicans make false, misleading claims at first Biden impeachment inquiry hearing". CNN. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
Rabinowitz, Hannah; Mossburg, Cheri (February 20, 2024). "Indicted ex-FBI informant told investigators he got Hunter Biden dirt from Russian intelligence officials". CNN. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
Cohen, Zachary; Atwood, Kylie; Cohen, Marshall (September 10, 2020). "Vowing crackdown on Russian meddling, US sanctions Ukrainian lawmaker who worked with Giuliani to smear Biden". CNN. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
Hodge, Nathan; Butenko, Victoria; Cohen, Marshall (November 16, 2023). "Ukraine implicates three Giuliani allies in plot to help Russia meddle in 2020 US election". CNN. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
Shortell, David (February 10, 2020). "Barr confirms Justice Department is receiving Giuliani information about Ukraine". CNN. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
Benveniste, Alexis (October 18, 2020). "The anatomy of the New York Post's dubious Hunter Biden story". CNN. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2024.

edition.cnn.com

Grayer, Annie; Foran, Clare; Cohen, Marshall; Williams, Michael (August 19, 2024). "GOP-led committees release Biden impeachment report without formally recommending the House move forward with impeachment". CNN.
Cohen, Marshall (January 8, 2025). "Ex-FBI informant behind fake Biden-Ukraine bribery allegations sentenced to 6 years in prison". CNN.

dni.gov

"Foreign Threats to the 2020 US Federal Elections" (PDF). National Intelligence Council. March 10, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2022.

doi.org

A'Beckett, Ludmilla (2013). "Strategies to Discredit Opponents: Russian Presentations of Events in Countries of the Former Soviet Union". Psychology of Language and Communication. 17 (2): 133–156. doi:10.2478/plc-2013-0009. S2CID 48066635.
Badawy, Adam; Addawood, Aseel; Lerman, Kristina; Ferrara, Emilio (2019). "Characterizing the 2016 Russian IRA influence campaign". Social Network Analysis and Mining. 9. arXiv:1812.01997. doi:10.1007/s13278-019-0578-6. S2CID 256091225.
Golovchenko, Yevgeniy; Buntain, Cody; Eady, Gregory; Brown, Megan A.; Tucker, Joshua A. (2020). "Cross-Platform State Propaganda: Russian Trolls on Twitter and YouTube during the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election". The International Journal of Press/Politics. 25 (3): 357–389. doi:10.1177/1940161220912682. S2CID 218809071.
Suk, Jiyoun; Lukito, Josephine; Su, Min-Hsin; Kim, Sang Jung; Tong, Chau; Sun, Zhongkai; Sarma, Prathusha (2022). "Do I sound American? How message attributes of IRA disinformation relate to Twitter engagement". Computational Communication Research. 4 (2): 590–628. doi:10.5117/CCR2022.2.008.SUK. S2CID 252602333.
Bastos, Marco; Farkas, Johan (July 2019). "'Donald Trump Is My President!': The Internet Research Agency Propaganda Machine". Social Media + Society. 5 (3). doi:10.1177/2056305119865466. hdl:2043/29693. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 181681781.
Oates, Sarah; Gurevich, Olya; Walker, Christopher; Deibler, Danielle; Anderson, Jesse (September 8, 2020). "Sharing a Playbook?: The Convergence of Russian and U.S. Narratives about Joe Biden". APSA Preprints. doi:10.33774/apsa-2020-v9pgw. S2CID 225285388. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Sauliuc, Adriana (March 2021). "Russia's Disinformation Campaign In The Time Of COVID-19 Pandemic". Romanian Military Thinking. 2021 (1): 22–33. doi:10.55535/rmt.2021.1.02. ISSN 1841-4451. S2CID 259031527.
Levin, Dov H. (March 7, 2023). "Is sunlight the best counterintelligence technique? The effectiveness of covert operation exposure in blunting the Russian intervention in the 2020 U.S. election". Intelligence and National Security. 38 (5): 816–834. doi:10.1080/02684527.2023.2181923. ISSN 0268-4527. S2CID 257421505.
Schneider, Spencer (2021). "Money, Power, and Radical Honesty: A Look At Members of Congress' Use of Information for Financial Gain". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3951560. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 244460392.

dx.doi.org

Oates, Sarah; Gurevich, Olya; Walker, Christopher; Deibler, Danielle; Anderson, Jesse (September 8, 2020). "Sharing a Playbook?: The Convergence of Russian and U.S. Narratives about Joe Biden". APSA Preprints. doi:10.33774/apsa-2020-v9pgw. S2CID 225285388. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Levin, Dov H. (March 7, 2023). "Is sunlight the best counterintelligence technique? The effectiveness of covert operation exposure in blunting the Russian intervention in the 2020 U.S. election". Intelligence and National Security. 38 (5): 816–834. doi:10.1080/02684527.2023.2181923. ISSN 0268-4527. S2CID 257421505.
Schneider, Spencer (2021). "Money, Power, and Radical Honesty: A Look At Members of Congress' Use of Information for Financial Gain". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3951560. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 244460392.

foreignpolicy.com

Mackinnon, Amy; Standish, Reid (September 26, 2019). "How a D.C. News Site Amplified Dubious Ukraine Claims". Foreign Policy. Retrieved June 6, 2023.

ft.com

Politi, James; Sevastopulo, Demetri; Peels, Michael; Olearchyk, Roman (October 4, 2019). "Envoys pushed to oust Ukraine prosecutor before Biden". Financial Times. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.

govinfo.gov

"Ukrainian Reforms Two Years After the Maidan Revolution and the Russian Invasion Hearing". United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. United States Government Publishing Office. March 15, 2016. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2023.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Bastos, Marco; Farkas, Johan (July 2019). "'Donald Trump Is My President!': The Internet Research Agency Propaganda Machine". Social Media + Society. 5 (3). doi:10.1177/2056305119865466. hdl:2043/29693. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 181681781.

house.gov

oversight.house.gov

Parnas, Lev (March 19, 2024). "Written Statement of Lev Parnas, March 19, 2024" (PDF). House Oversight Committee. Retrieved March 21, 2024.

independent.co.uk

Carroll, Oliver (October 9, 2019). "The inside story of Ukraine's 'very good' prosecutor at the centre of Trump's latest scandal". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
"Lev Parnas dishes dirt on Rudy Giuliani and escaping the 'Trump cult' in madcap Biden impeachment hearing". The Independent. March 20, 2024.

irishtimes.com

McLaughlin, Daniel (March 29, 2016). "EU hails sacking of Ukraine's prosecutor Viktor Shokin". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2020.

jstor.org

Boyte, KJ (2017). "An Analysis of the Social-Media Technology, Tactics, and Narratives Used to Control Perception in the Propaganda War over Ukraine". Journal of Information Warfare. 16 (1): 88–111. JSTOR 26502878.

lawandcrime.com

Kalmbacher, Colin (November 8, 2019). "Top Takeaways from Fiona Hill, Alexander Vindman Transcripts". Law & Crime. Retrieved June 6, 2023.

mediaite.com

Meyer, Ken (September 25, 2023). "Ex-Ukrainian President Wrecks Fox Host's Attempt to Use Shokin in Biden Conspiracy: 'Please' Don't Use This 'Completely Crazy Person'". Mediaite. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
Schorr, Isaac (January 23, 2025). "'Don't Write About the Laptop, Don't Talk About the Laptop': Ace Reporters Claim Politico Killed Negative Biden Stories". Mediaite. Retrieved January 24, 2025.

mediamatters.org

Hagle, Courtney; Lewis, Bobby (September 23, 2019). "Debunking lies about Trump, Biden, Ukraine, and the whistleblower". Media Matters for America. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
Gertz, Matt (September 18, 2023). "John Solomon inadvertently detonated the House impeachment case". Media Matters for America. Retrieved September 19, 2023. There is wide agreement that anti-corruption must be at the top of this list, and that reforms must include an overhaul of the Prosecutor General's Office including removal of Prosecutor General Shokin, who is widely regarded as an obstacle to fighting corruption, if not a source of the problem.
Gertz, Matt (September 26, 2019). "Timeline: How Trump allies and propagandists teamed up to try to smear Biden over Ukraine". Media Matters for America. Retrieved September 3, 2023.

meduza.io

"Ukrainian lawmaker Oleksandr Dubinsky arrested for treason The deputy is suspected of working for Russia and interfering in U.S. elections". Meduza. Retrieved November 23, 2023.

motherjones.com

Vicens, AJ; Friedman, Dan (March 16, 2021). "Russia worked to boost Trump in 2020—with help from Giuliani, Fox News, and OANN". Mother Jones. Retrieved June 6, 2023.

nbcnews.com

Fitzpatrick, Sarah; Shabad, Rebecca (December 1, 2023). "House GOP chairmen accuse Hunter Biden of seeking special treatment in impeachment probe". NBC News. However, Republicans have admitted that they haven't found evidence of wrongdoing by the president.
Bardella, Kurt (May 20, 2020). "Opinion | Republicans are doing Trump's election dirty work — starting with Hunter Biden". NBC News. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Schlesinger, Robert (October 15, 2020). "Trump's tries at an October surprise show how divorced from reality he is". NBC News. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Winter, Tom; Dilanian, Ken; De Luce, Dan (January 25, 2020). "The oligarch linked to $1 million loan to Giuliani ally has a shadowy past". NBC News. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
Edelman, Adam (January 27, 2020). "Trump impeachment defense team turns attention to Bidens, Burisma". NBC News. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
Zhao, Christina (December 2, 2023). "Speaker Mike Johnson says he thinks he has the votes to authorize Biden impeachment inquiry". NBC News.
Kaplan, Rebecca; Kapur, Sahil; Shabad, Rebecca (December 1, 2023). "House vote to authorize Biden impeachment inquiry could happen as early as next week". NBC News.
Fitzpatrick, Sarah; Concepcion, Summer (March 20, 2024). "Lev Parnas, ex-Giuliani associate, testified allegations against Bidens are false and 'spread by the Kremlin'". NBC News. Retrieved March 21, 2024.

newrepublic.com

Otten, Tori (September 12, 2023). "McCarthy Launches Biden Impeachment Inquiry—With Zero Evidence". The New Republic. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

newyorker.com

Mayer, Jane (October 4, 2019). "The Invention of the Conspiracy Theory on Biden and Ukraine". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on January 18, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2019.

npr.org

Lucas, Ryan (February 10, 2024). "Ex-FBI source charged with Biden lies is tied to Russian intelligence, prosecutors say". National Public Radio.
Davies, Dave (October 9, 2019). "How A Political Hit Job Backfired, And Led To Trump's Impeachment Peril". NPR Fresh Air. Retrieved June 6, 2023.

nytimes.com

Goldman, Adam (October 22, 2020). "What We Know and Don't About Hunter Biden and a Laptop". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
Rashbaum, William K.; Protess, Ben; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Hong, Nicole (May 27, 2021). "Prosecutors Investigating Whether Ukrainians Meddled in 2020 Election". The New York Times. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
Fandos, Nicholas (November 7, 2020). "Republican Inquiry Finds No Evidence of Wrongdoing by Biden". The New York Times.
Demirjian, Karoun (July 4, 2023). "Republicans Are Divided on Impeaching Biden as Panel Begins New Inquiry". The New York Times.
Alba, Davey (October 29, 2019). "Debunking 4 Viral Rumors About the Bidens and Ukraine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Thrush, Glenn (February 15, 2024). "Ex-F.B.I. Informant Is Charged With Lying Over Bidens' Role in Ukraine Business". The New York Times.
Goldberg, Michelle (October 20, 2020). "Is the Trump Campaign Colluding With Russia Again?". Opinion. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Vogel, Kenneth P.; Novak, Benjamin (December 4, 2019). "Giuliani, Facing Scrutiny, Travels to Europe to Interview Ukrainians". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
Kramer, Andrew E.; Schwirtz, Michael (October 15, 2019). "The Ukrainian Prosecutor Behind the Dossier Targeting Hunter Biden". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
Myers, Steven Lee; Kramer, Andrew E. (August 1, 2016). "How Paul Manafort Wielded Power in Ukraine Before Advising Donald Trump". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
Draper, Robert (April 11, 2022). "'This Was Trump Pulling a Putin'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Barnes, Julian E. (March 16, 2021). "Russian Interference in 2020 Included Influencing Trump Associates, Report Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Barnes, Julian E.; Rosenberg, Matthew (November 22, 2019). "Charges of Ukrainian Meddling? A Russian Operation, U.S. Intelligence Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Fandos, Nicholas (May 20, 2020). "Senate Panel, Urged On by Trump, Subpoenas Biden-Related Material". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
Fandos, Nicholas (September 23, 2020). "Republican Inquiry Finds No Evidence of Wrongdoing by Biden". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020.
Schmidt, Michael S.; Protess, Ben; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Rashbaum, William K. (October 11, 2019). "Giuliani Is Said to Be Under Investigation for Ukraine Work". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
Vogel, Kenneth P.; Fandos, Nicholas (March 11, 2020). "Senate Panel Delays Subpoena Vote Over Concerns About Ukraine Witness". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
Robertson, Katie (October 18, 2020). "New York Post Published Hunter Biden Report Amid Newsroom Doubts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
Benner, Katie; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Schmidt, Michael S. (March 16, 2022). "Hunter Biden Paid Tax Bill, but Broad Federal Investigation Continues". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
Kramer, Andrew E. (March 29, 2016). "Ukraine Ousts Viktor Shokin, Top Prosecutor, and Political Stability Hangs in the Balance". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.

politico.com

Matishak, Martin (March 16, 2021). "Russia stoked Ukraine allegations, used Trump allies to undermine Biden, U.S. intel agencies say". Politico. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
Bertrand, Natasha (June 26, 2020). "Senate panel demands testimony from ex-Obama officials in revived Biden probe". Politico. Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
Seddiq, Oma (June 21, 2020). "Former Ukrainian president says Biden never pressed him on Burisma". Politico. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
Bertrand, Natasha (October 19, 2020). "Hunter Biden story is Russian disinfo, dozens of former intel officials say". Politico. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
Schreckinger, Ben (October 12, 2021). "'Hiding the Ball': Hunter Biden Complicates White House Anti-Corruption Push". Politico. Retrieved March 1, 2022.

politico.eu

Melkozerova, Veronika (November 13, 2023). "Ukraine charges Rudy Giuliani's top local ally with Moscow-linked treason". Politico. Retrieved November 23, 2023.

reuters.com

Kochubey, Bogdan (January 11, 2023). "Zelenskiy strips Putin ally Medvedchuk, three others of Ukrainian citizenship". Reuters. Retrieved June 4, 2023..
Ivanova, Polina (October 19, 2019). "What Hunter Biden did on the board of Ukrainian energy company Burisma". Reuters. Kiev. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
Ivanova, Polina; Tsvetkova, Maria; Zhegulev, Ilya; Baker, Luke (October 18, 2019). "What Hunter Biden did on the board of Ukrainian energy company Burisma". Reuters.

rferl.org

Eckel, Mike (December 8, 2022). "Five Things To Know About The U.S. Intelligence Report On Russian Election Interference". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved June 5, 2023.

rollingstone.com

Rawnsley, Adam (December 7, 2022). "Rudy Giuliani's Russian Spy Pal Charged With Money Laundering". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 5, 2023.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

A'Beckett, Ludmilla (2013). "Strategies to Discredit Opponents: Russian Presentations of Events in Countries of the Former Soviet Union". Psychology of Language and Communication. 17 (2): 133–156. doi:10.2478/plc-2013-0009. S2CID 48066635.
Badawy, Adam; Addawood, Aseel; Lerman, Kristina; Ferrara, Emilio (2019). "Characterizing the 2016 Russian IRA influence campaign". Social Network Analysis and Mining. 9. arXiv:1812.01997. doi:10.1007/s13278-019-0578-6. S2CID 256091225.
Golovchenko, Yevgeniy; Buntain, Cody; Eady, Gregory; Brown, Megan A.; Tucker, Joshua A. (2020). "Cross-Platform State Propaganda: Russian Trolls on Twitter and YouTube during the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election". The International Journal of Press/Politics. 25 (3): 357–389. doi:10.1177/1940161220912682. S2CID 218809071.
Suk, Jiyoun; Lukito, Josephine; Su, Min-Hsin; Kim, Sang Jung; Tong, Chau; Sun, Zhongkai; Sarma, Prathusha (2022). "Do I sound American? How message attributes of IRA disinformation relate to Twitter engagement". Computational Communication Research. 4 (2): 590–628. doi:10.5117/CCR2022.2.008.SUK. S2CID 252602333.
Bastos, Marco; Farkas, Johan (July 2019). "'Donald Trump Is My President!': The Internet Research Agency Propaganda Machine". Social Media + Society. 5 (3). doi:10.1177/2056305119865466. hdl:2043/29693. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 181681781.
Oates, Sarah; Gurevich, Olya; Walker, Christopher; Deibler, Danielle; Anderson, Jesse (September 8, 2020). "Sharing a Playbook?: The Convergence of Russian and U.S. Narratives about Joe Biden". APSA Preprints. doi:10.33774/apsa-2020-v9pgw. S2CID 225285388. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Sauliuc, Adriana (March 2021). "Russia's Disinformation Campaign In The Time Of COVID-19 Pandemic". Romanian Military Thinking. 2021 (1): 22–33. doi:10.55535/rmt.2021.1.02. ISSN 1841-4451. S2CID 259031527.
Levin, Dov H. (March 7, 2023). "Is sunlight the best counterintelligence technique? The effectiveness of covert operation exposure in blunting the Russian intervention in the 2020 U.S. election". Intelligence and National Security. 38 (5): 816–834. doi:10.1080/02684527.2023.2181923. ISSN 0268-4527. S2CID 257421505.
Schneider, Spencer (2021). "Money, Power, and Radical Honesty: A Look At Members of Congress' Use of Information for Financial Gain". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3951560. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 244460392.

senate.gov

grassley.senate.gov

"FD-1023 of Alexander Smirnov" (PDF). Senator Chuck Grassley. June 30, 2020.

theatlantic.com

Dovere, Edward-Isaac (June 11, 2020). "Is OAN the Leading Edge of Russian Misinformation?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2023.

thedailybeast.com

Markay, Lachlan (October 3, 2019). "Book Alleging Biden Corruption in Ukraine Lifted Passages From Wikipedia". The Daily Beast. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
Banco, Erin; Ackerman, Spencer; Suebsaeng, Asawin (October 16, 2020). "Bolton Warned His Staff To Stay Away From Russia-Aligned Rudy Giuliani". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
Suebsaeng, Asawin; Banco, Erin (October 17, 2020). "Rudy: Only '50/50' Chance I Worked With a 'Russian Spy' to Dig Dirt on Bidens". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
Rohrlich, Justin (March 20, 2024). "Comer Keeps Stepping In It as Impeachment Witness Dishes Dirt on Giuliani". The Daily Beast. Retrieved March 21, 2024.

theguardian.com

Walker, Shaun (November 14, 2023). "Ukraine MP linked to Rudy Giuliani charged with colluding with Russia". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved November 23, 2023.

thehill.com

Chalfant, Morgan (March 4, 2020). "Trump says Biden Ukraine dealings will be a 'major' campaign issue". The Hill. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.

thetimes.com

Rana, Manveen (November 9, 2020). "I was asked to lie about Hunter Biden, admits Ukrainian businessman: Hares Youssef claims he was promised a US visa in return for information that would damage Joe Biden's presidential campaign". The Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.

time.com

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