Blue whale (English Wikipedia)

Ivashchenko, Y.; Clapham, P. J.; Brownell, R. (2011). "Soviet Illegal Whaling: The Devil and the Details" (PDF). Marine Fisheries Review. 73 (1): 1–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023.

aquaticcommons.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Leatherwood, S.; Caldwell, D. K.; Winn, H. E. (1976). "Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the western North Atlantic". NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular. 396: 176. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2019.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Mackintosh, N. A. (1942). "The southern stocks of whalebone whales". Discovery Reports. 22 (3889): 569–570. Bibcode:1944Natur.153..569F. doi:10.1038/153569a0.
Darby, Andrew (2009). Harpoon into the Heart of Whaling. Hachette Books. pp. 38–39. ISBN 978-0-7867-3200-5.

awionline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Fishman, Margie (19 July 2018). "Hybrid blue-fin whale is still protected". Animal Welfare Institute. Retrieved 21 December 2019.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"See the world's biggest heart". Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2015.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

Mackintosh, N. A.; Wheeler, J. F. G. (1929). "Southern blue and fin whales". Discovery Reports. I: 257–540.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Jefferson, Thomas A.; Webber, Marc A.; Pitman, Robert L. (2015). Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 49–53. ISBN 978-0-12-409542-7.
Tinker, Spencer Wilkie (1988). Whales of the World. Brill Archive. p. 286. ISBN 9780935848472.
Cavendish, Marshall (2001). Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. pp. 1631–1632. ISBN 978-0-7614-7206-3.

cms.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals" (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. 23 June 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2019.

dfo-mpo.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: 7,235^th place)

waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Doroshenko, V. N. (1970). "A whale with features of the fin and the blue whale" (PDF). Izvestia TINRO. 70: 255–257.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Bianucci, G.; Marx, F. G.; Collareta, A.; Di Stefano, A.; Landini, W.; Morigi, C.; Varola, A. (2019). "Rise of the titans: baleen whales became giants earlier than thought". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190175. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0175. PMC 6548731. PMID 31039728.
Cooke, J.G. (2019) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Balaenoptera musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T2477A156923585. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T2477A156923585.en. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
Bianucci, G.; Lambert, O.; Urbina, M.; Merella, M.; Collareta, A.; Bennion, R.; Salas-Gismondi, R.; Benites-Palomino, A.; Post, K.; de Muizon, C.; Bosio, G.; Di Celma, C.; Malinverno, E.; Pierantoni, P.P.; Villa, I.M.; Amson, E. (2023). "A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology". Nature. 620 (7975): 824–829. Bibcode:2023Natur.620..824B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06381-1. hdl:10281/434998. PMID 37532931. S2CID 260433513.
Motani, R.; Pyenson, N. D. (2024). "Downsizing a heavyweight: factors and methods that revise weight estimates of the giant fossil whale Perucetus colossus". PeerJ. 12 e16978. Bibcode:2024PeerJ..1216978M. doi:10.7717/peerj.16978. PMC 10909350. PMID 38436015.
Paul, Gregory S.; Larramendi, Asier (11 April 2023). "Body mass estimate of Bruhathkayosaurus and other fragmentary sauropod remains suggest the largest land animals were about as big as the greatest whales". Lethaia. 56 (2): 1–11. Bibcode:2023Letha..56..2.5P. doi:10.18261/let.56.2.5. ISSN 0024-1164. S2CID 259782734.
Bennett, A G (1920). "On the occurrence of diatoms on the skin of whales". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 91 (641): 352–357. doi:10.1098/rspb.1920.0021.
Árnason, U.; Lammers, F.; Kumar, V.; Nilsson, M. A.; Janke, A. (2018). "Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow". Science Advances. 4 (4) eaap9873. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.9873A. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap9873. PMC 5884691. PMID 29632892.
Attard, C. R. M.; Beheregaray, L. B.; Jenner, K. C. S.; Gill, P. C.; Jenner, M.-N. M.; Morrice, M. G.; Teske, P. R.; Moller, L. M. (2015). "Low genetic diversity in pygmy blue whales is due to climate-induced diversification rather than anthropogenic impacts". Biology Letters. 11 (5) 20141037. Bibcode:2015BiLet..1141037A. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.1037. PMC 4455730. PMID 25948571.
Barlow, D. R.; Torres, L. G.; Hodge, K. B.; Steel, D.; Baker, C. S.; Chandler, T. E.; Bott, N.; Constantine, R.; Double, M. C.; Gill, P.; Glasgow, D.; Hamner, R. M.; Lilley, C.; Ogle, M.; Olson, P. A. (2018). "Documentation of a New Zealand blue whale population based on multiple lines of evidence". Endangered Species Research. 36: 27–40. Bibcode:2018ESRes..36...27B. doi:10.3354/esr00891. hdl:2292/49145.
Bérubé, M.; Aguilar, A. (1998). "A new hybrid between a blue whale, Balaenoptera Musculus, and a fin whale, "B. Physalus:" frequency and implications of hybridization". Marine Mammal Science. 14 (1): 82–98. Bibcode:1998MMamS..14...82B. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00692.x.
Palumbi, S. R.; Cipriano, F. (1998). "Species identification using genetic tools: the value of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences in whale conservation". Journal of Heredity. 89 (5): 459–464. doi:10.1093/jhered/89.5.459. PMID 9768497.
Spilliaert, R.; Vikingsson, G.; Arnason, U.; Palsdottir, A.; Sigurjonsson, J.; Arnason, A. (1991). "Species hybridization between a female blue whale (Balaenoptera rnusctllus) and a male fin whale ("B.pbysalus"): Molecular and morphological documentation". Journal of Heredity. 82 (4): 269–274. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111085. PMID 1679066.
Jossey, Sushma; Haddrath, O.; Loureiro, L.; Weir, J.; Lim, B.; Miller, J.; Scherer, S.; Goskøyr, A; Lille-Langøy, R; Kovacs, Kit; Lyndersen, C; Routti, H; Engstrom, M (6 January 2024). "Population structure and history of North Atlantic Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus musculus) inferred from whole genome sequence analysis". Conservation Genetics. Open access (2): 357–371. Bibcode:2024ConG...25..357J. doi:10.1007/s10592-023-01584-5. hdl:11250/3164708.
Hatch, L. T.; Dopman, E. B.; Harrison, R. G. (2006). "Phylogenetic relationships among the baleen whales based on maternally and paternally inherited characters". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 41 (1): 12–27. Bibcode:2006MolPE..41...12H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.023. PMID 16843014.
Westbury, Michael V.; Petersen, Bent; Lorenzen, Eline D. (25 September 2019). "Genomic analyses reveal an absence of contemporary introgressive admixture between fin whales and blue whales, despite known hybrids". PLOS ONE. 14 (9) e0222004. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1422004W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222004. PMC 6760757. PMID 31553763.
LeDuc, R. G.; Dizon, A. E.; Goto, M.; Pastene, L. A.; Kato, H.; Nishiwaki, S.; LeDuc, C. A.; Brownell, R. L. (2023). "Patterns of genetic variation in Southern Hemisphere blue whales, and the use of assignment test to detect mixing on the feeding grounds". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 9: 73–80. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v9i1.694. S2CID 257136658.
Torres-Florez, J. P.; Olson, P. A.; Bedrinana-Romano, L.; Rosenbaum, H.; Ruiz, J.; Leduc, R.; Huck-Gaete, R. (2015). "First documented migratory destination for eastern South Pacific blue whales". Marine Mammal Science. 31 (4): 1580–1586. Bibcode:2015MMamS..31.1580T. doi:10.1111/mms.12239.
Buchan, S. J.; Rendell, L. E.; Hucke-Gaete, R. (2010). "Preliminary recordings of blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) vocalizations in the Gulf of Corcovado, northern Patagonia Chile". Marine Mammal Science. 26 (2): 451–459. Bibcode:2010MMamS..26..451B. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00338.x.
LeDuc, R. G.; Archer, E. I.; Lang, A. R.; Martien, K. K.; Hancock-Hanser, B.; Torres-Florez, J. P.; Hucke-Gaete, R.; Rosenbaum, H. R.; Van Waerebeek, K.; Brownell, R. L. Jr.; Taylor, B. L. (2016). "Genetic variation in blue whales in the eastern Pacific: implication for taxonomy and use of common wintering grounds". Molecular Ecology. 26 (3): 740–751. doi:10.1111/mec.13940. PMID 27891694. S2CID 206184206.
Pastene, Luis A.; Acevedo, Jorge; Branch, Trevor A. (2019). "Morphometric analysis of Chilean blue whales and implications for their taxonomy". Marine Mammal Science. 36 (1): 116–135. doi:10.1111/mms.12625.
Attard, C. R. M.; Sandoval-Castillo, J; Lang, A. R.; Vernazzani, B. G.; Torres, L. G.; Baldwin, R; Jenner, K. C. S.; Gill, P. C.; Burton, C. L. K.; Barceló, A; Sironi, M; Jenner, M.-N. M.; Morrice, M. G.; Beheregaray, L. B.; Möller, L. M. (2024). "Global conservation genomics of blue whales calls into question subspecies taxonomy and refines knowledge of population structure". Animal Conservation. 27 (5): 626–638. Bibcode:2024AnCon..27..626A. doi:10.1111/acv.12935.
Calambokidis, J.; Barlow, J.; Ford, J. K. B.; Chandler, T. E.; Douglas, A. B. (2009). "Insights into the population structure of blue whales in the Eastern North Pacific from recent sightings and photographic identification". Marine Mammal Science. 25 (4): 816–832. Bibcode:2009MMamS..25..816C. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00298.x.
Ruud, J. T. (1956). "The blue whale". Scientific American. 195 (6): 46–50. Bibcode:1956SciAm.195f..46R. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1256-46.
Lomax, Dean R.; de la Salle, Paul; Massare, Judy A.; Gallois, Ramues (2018). "A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff 'dinosaurian' bones". PLOS ONE. 13 (4) e0194742. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1394742L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194742. PMC 5890986. PMID 29630618.
McClain, C. R.; Balk, M. A.; Benfield, M. C.; Branch, T. A.; Chen, C.; Cosgrove, J.; Dove, A. D. M.; Helm, R. R.; Hochberg, F. G.; Gaskins, L. C.; Lee, F. B.; Marshall, A.; McMurray, S. E.; Schanche, C.; Stone, S. N. (2015). "Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna". PeerJ. e715 e715. Bibcode:2015PeerJ...3.e715M. doi:10.7717/peerj.715. PMC 4304853. PMID 25649000.
Mackintosh, N. A. (1942). "The southern stocks of whalebone whales". Discovery Reports. 22 (3889): 569–570. Bibcode:1944Natur.153..569F. doi:10.1038/153569a0.
Paul, G.S.; Larramendi, A. (2025). "Further trimming down the marine heavyweights: Perucetus colossus did not come close to, much less exceed, the tonnage of blue whales, and the latter are not ultra-sized either". Palaeontologia Electronica. 28 (1). 28.1.a6. doi:10.26879/1435.
Ralls, K. (1976). "Mammals in which females are larger than males". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 51 (2): 245–270. doi:10.1086/409310. PMID 785524. S2CID 25927323.
Potvin, J.; Goldbogen, J.; Chadwick, R. E. (2012). "Metabolic Expenditures of Lunge Feeding Rorquals Across Scale: Implications for the Evolution of Filter Feeding and the Limits to Maximum Body Size". PLOS One. 7 (9) e44854. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...744854P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044854. PMC 3443106. PMID 23024769.
Branch, T. A.; Abubaker, E. M. N.; Mkango, S.; Butterworth, D. S. (2007). "Separating southern blue whale subspecies based on length frequencies of sexually mature females". Marine Mammal Science. 23 (4): 803–833. Bibcode:2007MMamS..23..803B. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00137.x.
Gilpatrick, J. W.; Perryman, W. L. (2008). "Geographic variation in external morphology of North Pacific and Southern Hemisphere blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus)". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 10 (1): 9–21. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v10i1.654.
Ortega-Ortiz, Christian D.; Mata Cruz, Ricardo M.; Gerrodette, Tim; Gendron, Diane (2022). "A photogrammetric method to estimate total length of the largest mammal, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)". Mammalian Biology. Vol. 102. pp. 629–643. doi:10.1007/s42991-022-00307-6.
Lockyer, C. (1976). "Body weights of some species of large whales". J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 36 (3): 259–273. doi:10.1093/icesjms/36.3.259.
Roston, Rachel A. (2013). "Anatomy and Age Estimation of an Early Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Fetus". The Anatomical Record. 296 (4): 709–722. doi:10.1002/ar.22678. PMID 23447333.
Gabriele, C. M.; Lockyer, C.; Straley, J. M.; Juasz, C. M.; Kato, H. (2010). "Sighting history of a naturally marked humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) suggests ear plug growth layer groups are deposited annually". Marine Mammal Science. 26 (2): 443–450. Bibcode:2010MMamS..26..443G. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00341.x.
Greg A.; Breed; Els; Vermeulen; Peter; Corkeron (2024). "Extreme longevity may be the rule not the exception in Balaenid whales". Science Advances. 51 (1) eadq3086. Bibcode:2024SciA...10.3086B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq3086. PMC 11661453. PMID 39705342.
Rangel, Francisco Alejandro Lagunas (August 2021). "Deciphering the whale's secrets to have a long life". Experimental Gerontology. 151 111425. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111425. PMID 34051285.
Abrahms, B.; Hazen, E. L.; Aikens, E. O.; Savoca, M. S.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Goldbogen, S. J.; Jacox, M. G.; Irvine, L. M.; Palacios, D. M.; Mate, B. R. (2019). "Memory and resource tracking drive blue whale migrations". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (12): 5582–5587. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.5582A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819031116. PMC 6431148. PMID 30804188.
Geijer, C. K.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Panigada, S. (2016). "Mysticete migration revisited: Are Mediterranean fin whales an anomaly?". Mammal Review. 46 (4): 284–296. Bibcode:2016MamRv..46..284G. doi:10.1111/mam.12069.
Segre, P. S.; Potvin, J; Cade, D. E.; Calambokidis, J; Di Clemente, J; Fish, F. E.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Gough, W. T.; Kahane-Rapport, S. R.; Oliveira, C; Parks, S. E.; Penry, G. S.; Simon, M; Stimpert, A. K.; Wiley, D. N.; Bierlich, K. C.; Madsen, P. T.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2020). "Energetic and physical limitations on the breaching performance of large whales". eLife. 9 e51760. doi:10.7554/eLife.51760. PMC 7065846. PMID 32159511.
Calderan, Susannah V.; Leaper, Russell; Andrews-Goff, Virginia; Miller, Brian S.; Olson, Paula A.; Reyes Reyes, M. V.; Bell, Elanor; Double, Michael C. (2023). "Surfacing rates, swim speeds, and patterns of movement of Antarctic blue whales". Frontiers in Marine Science. 26 1087967. Bibcode:2023FrMaS..1087967C. doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1087967. S2CID 256234692.
Goldbogen, J. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Oleson, E.; Potvin, J.; Pyenson, N. D.; Schorr, G.; Shadwick, R. E. (2011). "Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics of blue whale lunge feeding: Efficiency dependence on krill density". Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (1): 131–46. Bibcode:2011JExpB.214..131G. doi:10.1242/jeb.048157. PMID 21147977.
Croll, D. A.; Aceveo-Gutierrez, A.; Tershy, B. R.; Urban-Ramirez, J. (2010). "The diving behavior of blue and fin whales: Is dive duration shorter than expected based on oxygen stores?". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 129 (4): 797–809. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00348-8. PMID 11440866.
Owen, K.; Jenner, C. S.; Jenner, M.-N. M.; Andrews, R. D. (2016). "A week in the life of a pygmy blue whale: migratory dive depth overlaps with large vessel drafts". Animal Biotelemetry. 4 (17) 17: 1–11. Bibcode:2016AnBio...4...17O. doi:10.1186/s40317-016-0109-4.
Goldbogen, J. A.; Cade, D. E.; Calambokidis, J.; Czapanskiy, M. F.; Fahlbusch, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Gough, W. T.; Kahane-Rapport, S. R.; Savoca, M. S.; Ponganis, K. V.; Ponganis, P. J. (2019). "Extreme bradycardia and tachycardia in the world's largest animal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (50): 25329–25332. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11625329G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1914273116. PMC 6911174. PMID 31767746.
Fossette, S.; Abrahms, B.; Hazen, E. L.; Bograd, S. J.; Zilliacus, K. M.; Calambokidis, J.; Burrows, J. A.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Harvey, J. T.; Marinovic, B.; Tershy, B.; Croll, D. A. (2017). "Resource partitioning facilitates coexistence in sympatric cetaceans in the California Current". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (1): 9085–9097. Bibcode:2017EcoEv...7.9085F. doi:10.1002/ece3.3409. PMC 5677487. PMID 29152200.
Goldbogen, J. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Francis, J.; DeRuiter, A. L.; Stimpert, A. K.; Falcone, E.; Southall, B. L. (2012). "Underwater acrobatics by the world's largest predator: 360° rolling manoeuvres by lunge-feeding blue whales". Biology Letters. 9 (1) 20120986. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0986. PMC 3565519. PMID 23193050.
Barlow, Dawn R. (2023). "Shaped by their Environment: Variation in Blue Whale Morphology Across Three Productive Coastal Ecosystems". Integrative Organismal Biology. 5 (1) obad039. doi:10.1093/iob/obad039. PMC 10701340. PMID 38078056.
Hazen, E. L.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2015). "Blue whales ("Balaenoptera musculus") optimize foraging efficiency by balancing oxygen use and energy gain as a function of prey density". Science Advances. 1 (9) e1500469. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0469H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500469. PMC 4646804. PMID 26601290.
Brodie, P. F. (1975). "Cetacean energetics, an overview of intraspecific size variation". Ecology. 56 (1): 152–161. Bibcode:1975Ecol...56..152B. doi:10.2307/1935307. JSTOR 1935307.
de Vos, Asha; Faux, Cassandra E.; Marthick, James; Dickinson, Joanne; Jarman, Simon N. (6 April 2018). "New Determination of Prey and Parasite Species for Northern Indian Ocean Blue Whales". Frontiers in Marine Science. 5 104. Bibcode:2018FrMaS...5..104D. doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00104. ISSN 2296-7745.
Fiedler, Paul C.; Reilly, Stephen B.; Hewitt, Roger P.; Demer, David; Philbrick, Valerie A.; Smith, Susan; Armstrong, Wesley; Croll, Donald A.; Tershy, Bernie R.; Mate, Bruce R. (1 August 1998). "Blue whale habitat and prey in the California Channel Islands". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 45 (8): 1781–1801. Bibcode:1998DSRII..45.1781F. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(98)80017-9.
Hardin, G. (1960). "The competitive exclusion principle". Science. 131 (3409): 1292–1297. Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1292H. doi:10.1126/science.131.3409.1292. PMID 14399717. S2CID 18542809.
Hutchinson, G. E. (1961). "The Paradox of the Plankton". The American Naturalist. 95 (882): 137–145. Bibcode:1961ANat...95..137H. doi:10.1086/282171. S2CID 86353285.
Pianka, E. R. (1974). "Niche overlap and diffuse competition". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 71 (5): 2141–2145. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.2141P. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.5.2141. PMC 388403. PMID 4525324.
Friedlaender, A. S.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Hazen, E. L.; Calambokidis, J.; Southall, B. L. (2015). "Feeding performance by sympatric blue and fin whales exploiting a common prey resource". Marine Mammal Science. 31 (1): 345–354. Bibcode:2015MMamS..31..345F. doi:10.1111/mms.12134.
Santora, J. A.; Reiss, C. S.; Loeb, V. J.; Veit, R. R. (2010). "Spatial association between hotspots of baleen whales and demographic patterns of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba suggests size-dependent predation". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 405: 255–269. Bibcode:2010MEPS..405..255S. doi:10.3354/meps08513.
Koski, William R.; George, J. Craig; Würsig, Bernd (2023). "Bowhead Whale Reproductive Strategies". Sex in Cetaceans. pp. 521–541. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_22. ISBN 978-3-031-35650-6.
Branch, T. A.; Mikhalev, Y. A. (2008). "Regional differences in length at sexual maturity for female blue whales based on recovered Soviet whaling data". Marine Mammal Science. 24 (3): 690–703. Bibcode:2008MMamS..24..690B. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00214.x.
Sears, R.; Ramp, C.; Douglas, A. B.; Calambokidis, J. (2013). "Reproductive parameters of eastern North Pacific blue whales Balaenoptera musculus". Endangered Species Research. 22 (1): 23–31. doi:10.3354/esr00532.
Schall, E.; Di Lorio, L.; Berchok, C.; Filún, D.; Bedriñana-Romano, L.; Buchan, S. J.; Van Opzeeland, I.; Sears, R.; Hucke-Gaete, R. (2019). "Visual and passive acoustic observations of blue whale trios from two distinct populations". Marine Mammal Science. 36 (1): 365–374. doi:10.1111/mms.12643. hdl:1912/24953.
Oftedal, O. T. (1997). "Lactation in whales and dolphins: Evidence of divergence between baleen- and toothed-species". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 2 (3): 205–230. doi:10.1023/A:1026328203526. PMID 10882306. S2CID 19588882.
Branch, T. A. (2025). "Timing hypothesis explains the mystery of the missing blue whale calves". Endangered Species Research. 56: 53–67. doi:10.3354/esr01383.
Yamato, M.; Ketten, D. R.; Arruda, J.; Cramer, S. (2008). "Biomechanical and structural modeling of hearing in baleen whales". Bioacoustics. 17 (1–3): 100–102. Bibcode:2008Bioac..17..100Y. doi:10.1080/09524622.2008.9753781. S2CID 85314872.
Stafford, K. M.; Fox, G. C.; Clark, D. S. (1998). "Long-range acoustic detection and localization of blue whale calls in the northeast Pacific Ocean". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 50 (4): 1193–1198. Bibcode:1998ASAJ..104.3616S. doi:10.1121/1.423944. PMID 9857519.
McDonald, M. A.; Mesnick, S. L.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2023). "Biogeographic characterization of blue whale song worldwide: Using song to identify populations". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 8: 55–66. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v8i1.702. S2CID 18769917.
Malige, Franck; Patris, Julie; Hauray, Maxime; Giraudet, Pascale; Glotin, Hervé; Noûs, Camille (June 2022). "Mathematical models of long term evolution of blue whale song types' frequencies". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 548 111184. Bibcode:2022JThBi.54811184M. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111184. PMID 35697145.
McDonald, M. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Teranishi, A. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2001). "The acoustic calls of blue whales off California with gender data". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 109 (4): 1728–1735. Bibcode:2001ASAJ..109.1728M. doi:10.1121/1.1353593. PMID 11325141.
Oleson, E. M.; Calambokidis, J.; Burgess, W. C.; McDonald, M. A.; LeDuc, C. A.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2007). "Behavioral context of call production by eastern North Pacific blue whales". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 330: 269–284. Bibcode:2007MEPS..330..269O. doi:10.3354/meps330269.
Lewis, L. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Stimpert, A. K.; Fahlbusch, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; McKenna, M. F.; Mesnick, S.; Oleson, E. M.; Southall, B. L.; Szesciorka, A. S.; Sirovic, A. (2018). "Context-dependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (8): 1080241. Bibcode:2018RSOS....580241L. doi:10.1098/rsos.180241. PMC 6124089. PMID 30225013.
Stafford, K. M.; Chapp, E.; Bohnenstiel, D.; Tolstoy, M. (2010). "Seasonal detection of three types of "pygmy" blue whale calls in the Indian Ocean". Marine Mammal Science. 27 (4): 828–840. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00437.x.
Sirovic, A.; Hildebrand, J. A.; Wiggins, S. M.; McDonald, M. A.; Moore, S. E.; Thiele, D. (2004). "Seasonality of blue and fin whale calls and the influence of sea ice in the Western Antarctic Peninsula". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 51 (17–19): 2327–2344. Bibcode:2004DSRII..51.2327S. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.08.005.
Rankin, S.; Ljungblad, D.; Clark, C.; Kato, H. (2023). "Vocalisations of Antarctic blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, recorded during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 IWC/SOWER circumpolar cruises, Area V, Antarctica". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 7: 13–20. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v7i1.752. S2CID 43993242.
Sirovic, A.; Hildebrand, J. A.; Thiele, D. (2006). "Baleen whales in the Scotia Sea in January and February 2003". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 8: 161–171. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v8i2.712. S2CID 251277044.
McDonald, M. A.; Hildebrand, J. A.; Mesnick, S. (2009). "Worldwide decline in tonal frequencies of blue whale songs". Endangered Species Research. 9: 13–21. Bibcode:2009ESRes...9...13M. doi:10.3354/esr00217.
Leroy, E. C.; Royer, J.-Y.; Bonnel, J.; Samaran, F. (2018). "Long-term and seasonal changes of large whale call frequency in the southern Indian Ocean". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 123 (11): 8568–8580. Bibcode:2018JGRC..123.8568L. doi:10.1029/2018JC014352. hdl:1912/10837.
Ryan, John P.; Oestreich, William K.; Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.; Waluk, Chad M.; Rueda, Carlos A.; Cline, Danelle E.; Zhang, Yanwu; Cheeseman, Ted; Calambokidis, John; Fahlbusch, James A.; Barkowski, Jack; Fleming, Alyson H.; Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner; Santora, Jarrod A.; Margolina, Tetyana (26 February 2025). "Audible changes in marine trophic ecology: Baleen whale song tracks foraging conditions in the eastern North Pacific". PLOS ONE. 20 (2) e0318624. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2018624R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318624. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 11864538. PMID 40009591.
Mehta, A. V.; Allen, J. M.; Constantine, R.; Garrigue, C.; Jann, B.; Jenner, C.; Marx, M. K.; Matkin, C. O.; Mattila, D. K.; Minton, G.; Mizroch, S. A.; Olavarría, C.; Robbins, J.; Russell, K. G.; Seton, R. E. (2007). "Baleen whales are not important as prey for orcas (Orcinus orca) in high latitudes". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 348: 297–307. doi:10.3354/meps07015. hdl:1912/4520.
Ford, J. K. B.; Reeves, R. (2008). "Fight or flight: antipredator strategies of baleen whales". Mammal Review. 38 (1): 50–86. Bibcode:2008MamRv..38...50F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00118.x.
Pitman, R.; Fearnbach, H.; LeDuc, R.; Gilpatrick, J. W.; Ford, J. K. B.; Balance, L. T. (2023). "Killer whales preying on a blue whale calf on the Costa Rica Dome: Genetics, morphometrics, vocalizations and composition of the group". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 9 (2): 151–158. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v9i2.683. S2CID 257138804.
Totterdell, J. A.; Wellard, R.; Reeves, I. M.; Elsdon, B.; Markovic, P.; Yoshida, M.; Fairchild, A.; Sharp, G.; Pitman, R. (2022). "The first three records of killer whales (Orcinus orca) killing and eating blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus)". Marine Mammal Science. 38 (3): 1286–1301. Bibcode:2022MMamS..38.1286T. doi:10.1111/mms.12906. S2CID 246167673.
Hermosilla, C; Silva, L. M. R.; Prieto, R; Kleinertz, S; Taubert, A; Silva, M. A. (2015). "Endo- and ectoparasites of large whales (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae, Physeteridae): Overcoming difficulties in obtaining appropriate samples by non- and minimally-invasive methods". International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. 4 (3): 414–420. Bibcode:2015IJPPW...4..414H. doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.11.002. PMC 4699982. PMID 26835249.
Best, P. B. (1993). "Increase rates in severely depleted stocks of baleen whales". ICES J. Mar. Sci. 50 (2): 169–186. Bibcode:1993ICJMS..50..169B. doi:10.1006/jmsc.1993.1018.
Samaran, F.; Stafford, K. M.; Branch, T. A.; Gedamke, J.; Royer, Y.-J.; Dziak, R. P.; Guinet, C. (2013). "Seasonal and geographic variation of southern blue whale subspecies in the Indian Ocean". PLOS ONE. 8 (8) e71561. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...871561S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071561. PMC 3742792. PMID 23967221.
Berman-Kowalewski, M.; Gulland, F.; Wilkin, S.; Calambokidis, J.; Mate, B.; Cordaro, J.; Rotstein, D.; St. Leger, J.; Collins, P.; Fahy, K.; Dover, S. (2010). "Association between blue whale mortality and ship strikes along the California coast". Aquatic Mammals. 36 (1): 59–66. doi:10.1578/AM.36.1.2010.59. S2CID 86304413.
de Vos, A.; Brownell, R. L. Jr.; Tershy, B. R.; Croll, D. A. (2016). "Anthropogenic threats and conservation needs of blue whales, "Balaenoptera musculus indica", around Sri Lanka". J. Mar. Biol. 2016 (8420846): 1–12. doi:10.1155/2016/8420846.
Randage, S. M.; Alling, A.; Currier, K.; Heywood, E. (2023). "Review of the Sri Lanka blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) with observations on its distribution in the shipping lane". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 14: 43–49. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v14i1.522. S2CID 46399716.
Redfern, J. V.; McKenna, M. F.; Moore, T. J.; Calambokidis, J.; Deangelis, M. L.; Becker, E. A.; Barlow, J.; Forney, K. A.; Fiedler, P. C.; Chivers, S. J. (2013). "Assessing the risk of ships striking large whales in marine spatial planning". Conservation Biology. 22 (2): 292–302. Bibcode:2013ConBi..27..292R. doi:10.1111/cobi.12029. PMID 23521668. S2CID 17833403.
Dransfield, A.; Hines, E.; McGowan, J.; Holzman, B.; Nur, N.; Elliott, M.; Howar, J.; Jacncke, J. (2014). "Where the whales are: using habitat modeling to support changes in shipping regulations within National Marine Sanctuaries in Central California". Endanger Species Res. 26 (1): 39–57. Bibcode:2014ESRes..26...39D. doi:10.3354/esr00627.
Wiggins, S. M.; Oleson, E. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2001). "Blue whale call intensity varies with ambient noise level". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 110 (5): 2771. Bibcode:2001ASAJ..110.2771W. doi:10.1121/1.4777708.
McKenna, M. F.; Ross, D.; Wiggins, S. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2012). "Underwater radiated noise from modern commercial ships". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 131 (1): 92–103. Bibcode:2012ASAJ..131...92M. doi:10.1121/1.3664100. PMID 22280574. S2CID 9474116.
Szesciorka, A. R.; Allen, A. N.; Calambokidis, J.; Fahlbusch, J.; McKenna, M. F.; Southall, B. L. (2019). "A case study of a near vessel strike of a blue whale: perceptual cues and fine-scale aspects of behavioral avoidance". Frontiers in Marine Science. 6 (761) 761: 1–10. Bibcode:2019FrMaS...6..761S. doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00761.
McDonald, M. A.; Hildebrand, J. A.; Webb, S. C. (1995). "Blue and fin whales observed on a seafloor array in the Northeast Pacific". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 98 (2): 712–721. Bibcode:1995ASAJ...98..712M. doi:10.1121/1.413565. PMID 7642810. S2CID 3829165.
Melcón, M. L.; Cummins, A. J.; Kerosky, S. M.; Roche, L. K.; Wiggins, S. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2012). "Blue Whales Respond to Anthropogenic Noise". PLOS ONE. 7 (2) e32681. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...732681M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032681. PMC 3290562. PMID 22393434.
Southall, B. L.; DeRuiter, S. L.; Friedlaender, A.; Stimpert, A. K.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Hazen, E.; Casey, C.; Fregosi, S.; Cade, D. E.; Allen, A. N.; Harris, C. M.; Schorr, G.; Moretti, D. (2019). "Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 222 (jeb190637): jeb190637. Bibcode:2019JExpB.222B0637S. doi:10.1242/jeb.190637. hdl:10023/19592. PMID 30833464.
O'Shea, T. J.; Brownell, R. L. (1994). "Organochlorine and metal contaminants in baleen whales:a review and evaluation of conservation implications". Science of the Total Environment. 154 (2–3): 179–200. Bibcode:1994ScTEn.154..179O. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90087-6. PMID 7973606.
Trumble, S. J.; Robinson, E. M.; Berman-Kowalewski, M.; Potter, C. W.; Usenko, S. (2013). "Blue whale earplug reveals lifetime contaminant exposure and hormone profiles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (42): 16922–16926. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11016922T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1311418110. PMC 3801066. PMID 24043814.
Metcalfe, C. D.; Koenig, B. G.; Metcalfe, T. L.; Paterson, G.; Sears, R. (2004). "Intra- and inter-species differences in persistent organic contaminants in the blubber of blue whales and humpback whales from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada". Marine Environmental Research. 57 (4): 245–260. Bibcode:2004MarER..57..245M. doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2003.08.003. PMID 14749058.

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

McDonald, M. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Teranishi, A. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2001). "The acoustic calls of blue whales off California with gender data". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 109 (4): 1728–1735. Bibcode:2001ASAJ..109.1728M. doi:10.1121/1.1353593. PMID 11325141.
McDonald, M. A.; Hildebrand, J. A.; Webb, S. C. (1995). "Blue and fin whales observed on a seafloor array in the Northeast Pacific". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 98 (2): 712–721. Bibcode:1995ASAJ...98..712M. doi:10.1121/1.413565. PMID 7642810. S2CID 3829165.

fishernet.is (Global: low place; English: low place)

This may have already been known to Icelanders in the 17th century, see Lindquist, Ole (1997). Peasant fisherman whaling in the Northeast Atlantic area, ca 900-1900 AD (PDF). Akureyri: Háskólinn á Akureyri. p. 27. ISBN 9979-834-10-2. Retrieved 16 April 2025.

fws.gov (Global: 2,032^nd place; English: 1,082^nd place)

ecos.fws.gov

"Part 17 – Conservation of Endangered Species and Other Fish or Wildlife (First List of Endangered Foreign Fish and Wildlife as Appendix A)" (PDF). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2 June 1970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2019.

geomar.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

oceanrep.geomar.de

Sergeant, D. E. (1969). "Feeding rates of Cetacea" (PDF). Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, Serie Havundersøkelser. 15: 246–258.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"Part 17 – Conservation of Endangered Species and Other Fish or Wildlife (First List of Endangered Foreign Fish and Wildlife as Appendix A)" (PDF). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2 June 1970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2019.

guinnessworldrecords.com (Global: 873^rd place; English: 697^th place)

"Largest mammal". Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2025.

hakaimagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Andrew, Chapman (28 February 2025). "How Viking-Age Hunters Took Down the Biggest Animal on Earth". Newsweek. Retrieved 7 May 2024.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Bianucci, G.; Lambert, O.; Urbina, M.; Merella, M.; Collareta, A.; Bennion, R.; Salas-Gismondi, R.; Benites-Palomino, A.; Post, K.; de Muizon, C.; Bosio, G.; Di Celma, C.; Malinverno, E.; Pierantoni, P.P.; Villa, I.M.; Amson, E. (2023). "A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology". Nature. 620 (7975): 824–829. Bibcode:2023Natur.620..824B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06381-1. hdl:10281/434998. PMID 37532931. S2CID 260433513.
Barlow, D. R.; Torres, L. G.; Hodge, K. B.; Steel, D.; Baker, C. S.; Chandler, T. E.; Bott, N.; Constantine, R.; Double, M. C.; Gill, P.; Glasgow, D.; Hamner, R. M.; Lilley, C.; Ogle, M.; Olson, P. A. (2018). "Documentation of a New Zealand blue whale population based on multiple lines of evidence". Endangered Species Research. 36: 27–40. Bibcode:2018ESRes..36...27B. doi:10.3354/esr00891. hdl:2292/49145.
Jossey, Sushma; Haddrath, O.; Loureiro, L.; Weir, J.; Lim, B.; Miller, J.; Scherer, S.; Goskøyr, A; Lille-Langøy, R; Kovacs, Kit; Lyndersen, C; Routti, H; Engstrom, M (6 January 2024). "Population structure and history of North Atlantic Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus musculus) inferred from whole genome sequence analysis". Conservation Genetics. Open access (2): 357–371. Bibcode:2024ConG...25..357J. doi:10.1007/s10592-023-01584-5. hdl:11250/3164708.
Schall, E.; Di Lorio, L.; Berchok, C.; Filún, D.; Bedriñana-Romano, L.; Buchan, S. J.; Van Opzeeland, I.; Sears, R.; Hucke-Gaete, R. (2019). "Visual and passive acoustic observations of blue whale trios from two distinct populations". Marine Mammal Science. 36 (1): 365–374. doi:10.1111/mms.12643. hdl:1912/24953.
Leroy, E. C.; Royer, J.-Y.; Bonnel, J.; Samaran, F. (2018). "Long-term and seasonal changes of large whale call frequency in the southern Indian Ocean". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 123 (11): 8568–8580. Bibcode:2018JGRC..123.8568L. doi:10.1029/2018JC014352. hdl:1912/10837.
Mehta, A. V.; Allen, J. M.; Constantine, R.; Garrigue, C.; Jann, B.; Jenner, C.; Marx, M. K.; Matkin, C. O.; Mattila, D. K.; Minton, G.; Mizroch, S. A.; Olavarría, C.; Robbins, J.; Russell, K. G.; Seton, R. E. (2007). "Baleen whales are not important as prey for orcas (Orcinus orca) in high latitudes". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 348: 297–307. doi:10.3354/meps07015. hdl:1912/4520.
Southall, B. L.; DeRuiter, S. L.; Friedlaender, A.; Stimpert, A. K.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Hazen, E.; Casey, C.; Fregosi, S.; Cade, D. E.; Allen, A. N.; Harris, C. M.; Schorr, G.; Moretti, D. (2019). "Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 222 (jeb190637): jeb190637. Bibcode:2019JExpB.222B0637S. doi:10.1242/jeb.190637. hdl:10023/19592. PMID 30833464.

ifremer.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

archimer.ifremer.fr

Leroy, E. C.; Royer, J.-Y.; Bonnel, J.; Samaran, F. (2018). "Long-term and seasonal changes of large whale call frequency in the southern Indian Ocean". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 123 (11): 8568–8580. Bibcode:2018JGRC..123.8568L. doi:10.1029/2018JC014352. hdl:1912/10837.

iucn-csg.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Blue Whale". International Union for Conservation. 6 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2019.

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

Cooke, J.G. (2019) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Balaenoptera musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T2477A156923585. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T2477A156923585.en. Retrieved 13 June 2024.

iwc.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Blue whale – Balaenoptera musculus". International Whaling Commission. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Brodie, P. F. (1975). "Cetacean energetics, an overview of intraspecific size variation". Ecology. 56 (1): 152–161. Bibcode:1975Ecol...56..152B. doi:10.2307/1935307. JSTOR 1935307.

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

"Killer Whales Bully Lone Blue Whale in Rare Video". Live Science. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2019.

marinemammalscience.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies". The Society for Marine Mammalogy. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2019.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

"Blue whale". National Geographic. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
"Exclusive Video May Show Blue Whale Calf Nursing". National Geographic. 2 March 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
Schuyler Nunn, Avery (3 August 2025). "Blue whales are going eerily silent—and scientists say it's a warning sign". Animals. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
"Killer Whales Attacked a Blue Whale—Here's the Surprising Reason Why". National Geographic. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.

natureserve.org (Global: 2,387^th place; English: 1,112^th place)

explorer.natureserve.org

NatureServe. "Balaenoptera musculus". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 16 May 2026.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bianucci, G.; Marx, F. G.; Collareta, A.; Di Stefano, A.; Landini, W.; Morigi, C.; Varola, A. (2019). "Rise of the titans: baleen whales became giants earlier than thought". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190175. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0175. PMC 6548731. PMID 31039728.
Bianucci, G.; Lambert, O.; Urbina, M.; Merella, M.; Collareta, A.; Bennion, R.; Salas-Gismondi, R.; Benites-Palomino, A.; Post, K.; de Muizon, C.; Bosio, G.; Di Celma, C.; Malinverno, E.; Pierantoni, P.P.; Villa, I.M.; Amson, E. (2023). "A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology". Nature. 620 (7975): 824–829. Bibcode:2023Natur.620..824B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06381-1. hdl:10281/434998. PMID 37532931. S2CID 260433513.
Motani, R.; Pyenson, N. D. (2024). "Downsizing a heavyweight: factors and methods that revise weight estimates of the giant fossil whale Perucetus colossus". PeerJ. 12 e16978. Bibcode:2024PeerJ..1216978M. doi:10.7717/peerj.16978. PMC 10909350. PMID 38436015.
Árnason, U.; Lammers, F.; Kumar, V.; Nilsson, M. A.; Janke, A. (2018). "Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow". Science Advances. 4 (4) eaap9873. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.9873A. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap9873. PMC 5884691. PMID 29632892.
Attard, C. R. M.; Beheregaray, L. B.; Jenner, K. C. S.; Gill, P. C.; Jenner, M.-N. M.; Morrice, M. G.; Teske, P. R.; Moller, L. M. (2015). "Low genetic diversity in pygmy blue whales is due to climate-induced diversification rather than anthropogenic impacts". Biology Letters. 11 (5) 20141037. Bibcode:2015BiLet..1141037A. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.1037. PMC 4455730. PMID 25948571.
Palumbi, S. R.; Cipriano, F. (1998). "Species identification using genetic tools: the value of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences in whale conservation". Journal of Heredity. 89 (5): 459–464. doi:10.1093/jhered/89.5.459. PMID 9768497.
Spilliaert, R.; Vikingsson, G.; Arnason, U.; Palsdottir, A.; Sigurjonsson, J.; Arnason, A. (1991). "Species hybridization between a female blue whale (Balaenoptera rnusctllus) and a male fin whale ("B.pbysalus"): Molecular and morphological documentation". Journal of Heredity. 82 (4): 269–274. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111085. PMID 1679066.
Hatch, L. T.; Dopman, E. B.; Harrison, R. G. (2006). "Phylogenetic relationships among the baleen whales based on maternally and paternally inherited characters". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 41 (1): 12–27. Bibcode:2006MolPE..41...12H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.023. PMID 16843014.
Westbury, Michael V.; Petersen, Bent; Lorenzen, Eline D. (25 September 2019). "Genomic analyses reveal an absence of contemporary introgressive admixture between fin whales and blue whales, despite known hybrids". PLOS ONE. 14 (9) e0222004. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1422004W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222004. PMC 6760757. PMID 31553763.
LeDuc, R. G.; Archer, E. I.; Lang, A. R.; Martien, K. K.; Hancock-Hanser, B.; Torres-Florez, J. P.; Hucke-Gaete, R.; Rosenbaum, H. R.; Van Waerebeek, K.; Brownell, R. L. Jr.; Taylor, B. L. (2016). "Genetic variation in blue whales in the eastern Pacific: implication for taxonomy and use of common wintering grounds". Molecular Ecology. 26 (3): 740–751. doi:10.1111/mec.13940. PMID 27891694. S2CID 206184206.
Lomax, Dean R.; de la Salle, Paul; Massare, Judy A.; Gallois, Ramues (2018). "A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff 'dinosaurian' bones". PLOS ONE. 13 (4) e0194742. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1394742L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194742. PMC 5890986. PMID 29630618.
McClain, C. R.; Balk, M. A.; Benfield, M. C.; Branch, T. A.; Chen, C.; Cosgrove, J.; Dove, A. D. M.; Helm, R. R.; Hochberg, F. G.; Gaskins, L. C.; Lee, F. B.; Marshall, A.; McMurray, S. E.; Schanche, C.; Stone, S. N. (2015). "Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna". PeerJ. e715 e715. Bibcode:2015PeerJ...3.e715M. doi:10.7717/peerj.715. PMC 4304853. PMID 25649000.
Ralls, K. (1976). "Mammals in which females are larger than males". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 51 (2): 245–270. doi:10.1086/409310. PMID 785524. S2CID 25927323.
Potvin, J.; Goldbogen, J.; Chadwick, R. E. (2012). "Metabolic Expenditures of Lunge Feeding Rorquals Across Scale: Implications for the Evolution of Filter Feeding and the Limits to Maximum Body Size". PLOS One. 7 (9) e44854. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...744854P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044854. PMC 3443106. PMID 23024769.
Roston, Rachel A. (2013). "Anatomy and Age Estimation of an Early Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Fetus". The Anatomical Record. 296 (4): 709–722. doi:10.1002/ar.22678. PMID 23447333.
Greg A.; Breed; Els; Vermeulen; Peter; Corkeron (2024). "Extreme longevity may be the rule not the exception in Balaenid whales". Science Advances. 51 (1) eadq3086. Bibcode:2024SciA...10.3086B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq3086. PMC 11661453. PMID 39705342.
Rangel, Francisco Alejandro Lagunas (August 2021). "Deciphering the whale's secrets to have a long life". Experimental Gerontology. 151 111425. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111425. PMID 34051285.
Abrahms, B.; Hazen, E. L.; Aikens, E. O.; Savoca, M. S.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Goldbogen, S. J.; Jacox, M. G.; Irvine, L. M.; Palacios, D. M.; Mate, B. R. (2019). "Memory and resource tracking drive blue whale migrations". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (12): 5582–5587. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.5582A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819031116. PMC 6431148. PMID 30804188.
Segre, P. S.; Potvin, J; Cade, D. E.; Calambokidis, J; Di Clemente, J; Fish, F. E.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Gough, W. T.; Kahane-Rapport, S. R.; Oliveira, C; Parks, S. E.; Penry, G. S.; Simon, M; Stimpert, A. K.; Wiley, D. N.; Bierlich, K. C.; Madsen, P. T.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2020). "Energetic and physical limitations on the breaching performance of large whales". eLife. 9 e51760. doi:10.7554/eLife.51760. PMC 7065846. PMID 32159511.
Goldbogen, J. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Oleson, E.; Potvin, J.; Pyenson, N. D.; Schorr, G.; Shadwick, R. E. (2011). "Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics of blue whale lunge feeding: Efficiency dependence on krill density". Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (1): 131–46. Bibcode:2011JExpB.214..131G. doi:10.1242/jeb.048157. PMID 21147977.
Croll, D. A.; Aceveo-Gutierrez, A.; Tershy, B. R.; Urban-Ramirez, J. (2010). "The diving behavior of blue and fin whales: Is dive duration shorter than expected based on oxygen stores?". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 129 (4): 797–809. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00348-8. PMID 11440866.
Goldbogen, J. A.; Cade, D. E.; Calambokidis, J.; Czapanskiy, M. F.; Fahlbusch, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Gough, W. T.; Kahane-Rapport, S. R.; Savoca, M. S.; Ponganis, K. V.; Ponganis, P. J. (2019). "Extreme bradycardia and tachycardia in the world's largest animal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (50): 25329–25332. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11625329G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1914273116. PMC 6911174. PMID 31767746.
Fossette, S.; Abrahms, B.; Hazen, E. L.; Bograd, S. J.; Zilliacus, K. M.; Calambokidis, J.; Burrows, J. A.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Harvey, J. T.; Marinovic, B.; Tershy, B.; Croll, D. A. (2017). "Resource partitioning facilitates coexistence in sympatric cetaceans in the California Current". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (1): 9085–9097. Bibcode:2017EcoEv...7.9085F. doi:10.1002/ece3.3409. PMC 5677487. PMID 29152200.
Goldbogen, J. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Francis, J.; DeRuiter, A. L.; Stimpert, A. K.; Falcone, E.; Southall, B. L. (2012). "Underwater acrobatics by the world's largest predator: 360° rolling manoeuvres by lunge-feeding blue whales". Biology Letters. 9 (1) 20120986. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0986. PMC 3565519. PMID 23193050.
Barlow, Dawn R. (2023). "Shaped by their Environment: Variation in Blue Whale Morphology Across Three Productive Coastal Ecosystems". Integrative Organismal Biology. 5 (1) obad039. doi:10.1093/iob/obad039. PMC 10701340. PMID 38078056.
Hazen, E. L.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2015). "Blue whales ("Balaenoptera musculus") optimize foraging efficiency by balancing oxygen use and energy gain as a function of prey density". Science Advances. 1 (9) e1500469. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0469H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500469. PMC 4646804. PMID 26601290.
Hardin, G. (1960). "The competitive exclusion principle". Science. 131 (3409): 1292–1297. Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1292H. doi:10.1126/science.131.3409.1292. PMID 14399717. S2CID 18542809.
Pianka, E. R. (1974). "Niche overlap and diffuse competition". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 71 (5): 2141–2145. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.2141P. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.5.2141. PMC 388403. PMID 4525324.
Oftedal, O. T. (1997). "Lactation in whales and dolphins: Evidence of divergence between baleen- and toothed-species". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 2 (3): 205–230. doi:10.1023/A:1026328203526. PMID 10882306. S2CID 19588882.
Stafford, K. M.; Fox, G. C.; Clark, D. S. (1998). "Long-range acoustic detection and localization of blue whale calls in the northeast Pacific Ocean". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 50 (4): 1193–1198. Bibcode:1998ASAJ..104.3616S. doi:10.1121/1.423944. PMID 9857519.
Malige, Franck; Patris, Julie; Hauray, Maxime; Giraudet, Pascale; Glotin, Hervé; Noûs, Camille (June 2022). "Mathematical models of long term evolution of blue whale song types' frequencies". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 548 111184. Bibcode:2022JThBi.54811184M. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111184. PMID 35697145.
McDonald, M. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Teranishi, A. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2001). "The acoustic calls of blue whales off California with gender data". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 109 (4): 1728–1735. Bibcode:2001ASAJ..109.1728M. doi:10.1121/1.1353593. PMID 11325141.
Lewis, L. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Stimpert, A. K.; Fahlbusch, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; McKenna, M. F.; Mesnick, S.; Oleson, E. M.; Southall, B. L.; Szesciorka, A. S.; Sirovic, A. (2018). "Context-dependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (8): 1080241. Bibcode:2018RSOS....580241L. doi:10.1098/rsos.180241. PMC 6124089. PMID 30225013.
Ryan, John P.; Oestreich, William K.; Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.; Waluk, Chad M.; Rueda, Carlos A.; Cline, Danelle E.; Zhang, Yanwu; Cheeseman, Ted; Calambokidis, John; Fahlbusch, James A.; Barkowski, Jack; Fleming, Alyson H.; Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner; Santora, Jarrod A.; Margolina, Tetyana (26 February 2025). "Audible changes in marine trophic ecology: Baleen whale song tracks foraging conditions in the eastern North Pacific". PLOS ONE. 20 (2) e0318624. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2018624R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318624. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 11864538. PMID 40009591.
Hermosilla, C; Silva, L. M. R.; Prieto, R; Kleinertz, S; Taubert, A; Silva, M. A. (2015). "Endo- and ectoparasites of large whales (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae, Physeteridae): Overcoming difficulties in obtaining appropriate samples by non- and minimally-invasive methods". International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. 4 (3): 414–420. Bibcode:2015IJPPW...4..414H. doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.11.002. PMC 4699982. PMID 26835249.
Samaran, F.; Stafford, K. M.; Branch, T. A.; Gedamke, J.; Royer, Y.-J.; Dziak, R. P.; Guinet, C. (2013). "Seasonal and geographic variation of southern blue whale subspecies in the Indian Ocean". PLOS ONE. 8 (8) e71561. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...871561S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071561. PMC 3742792. PMID 23967221.
Redfern, J. V.; McKenna, M. F.; Moore, T. J.; Calambokidis, J.; Deangelis, M. L.; Becker, E. A.; Barlow, J.; Forney, K. A.; Fiedler, P. C.; Chivers, S. J. (2013). "Assessing the risk of ships striking large whales in marine spatial planning". Conservation Biology. 22 (2): 292–302. Bibcode:2013ConBi..27..292R. doi:10.1111/cobi.12029. PMID 23521668. S2CID 17833403.
McKenna, M. F.; Ross, D.; Wiggins, S. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2012). "Underwater radiated noise from modern commercial ships". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 131 (1): 92–103. Bibcode:2012ASAJ..131...92M. doi:10.1121/1.3664100. PMID 22280574. S2CID 9474116.
McDonald, M. A.; Hildebrand, J. A.; Webb, S. C. (1995). "Blue and fin whales observed on a seafloor array in the Northeast Pacific". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 98 (2): 712–721. Bibcode:1995ASAJ...98..712M. doi:10.1121/1.413565. PMID 7642810. S2CID 3829165.
Melcón, M. L.; Cummins, A. J.; Kerosky, S. M.; Roche, L. K.; Wiggins, S. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2012). "Blue Whales Respond to Anthropogenic Noise". PLOS ONE. 7 (2) e32681. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...732681M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032681. PMC 3290562. PMID 22393434.
Southall, B. L.; DeRuiter, S. L.; Friedlaender, A.; Stimpert, A. K.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Hazen, E.; Casey, C.; Fregosi, S.; Cade, D. E.; Allen, A. N.; Harris, C. M.; Schorr, G.; Moretti, D. (2019). "Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 222 (jeb190637): jeb190637. Bibcode:2019JExpB.222B0637S. doi:10.1242/jeb.190637. hdl:10023/19592. PMID 30833464.
O'Shea, T. J.; Brownell, R. L. (1994). "Organochlorine and metal contaminants in baleen whales:a review and evaluation of conservation implications". Science of the Total Environment. 154 (2–3): 179–200. Bibcode:1994ScTEn.154..179O. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90087-6. PMID 7973606.
Trumble, S. J.; Robinson, E. M.; Berman-Kowalewski, M.; Potter, C. W.; Usenko, S. (2013). "Blue whale earplug reveals lifetime contaminant exposure and hormone profiles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (42): 16922–16926. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11016922T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1311418110. PMC 3801066. PMID 24043814.
Metcalfe, C. D.; Koenig, B. G.; Metcalfe, T. L.; Paterson, G.; Sears, R. (2004). "Intra- and inter-species differences in persistent organic contaminants in the blubber of blue whales and humpback whales from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada". Marine Environmental Research. 57 (4): 245–260. Bibcode:2004MarER..57..245M. doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2003.08.003. PMID 14749058.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bianucci, G.; Marx, F. G.; Collareta, A.; Di Stefano, A.; Landini, W.; Morigi, C.; Varola, A. (2019). "Rise of the titans: baleen whales became giants earlier than thought". Biology Letters. 15 (5) 20190175. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0175. PMC 6548731. PMID 31039728.
Motani, R.; Pyenson, N. D. (2024). "Downsizing a heavyweight: factors and methods that revise weight estimates of the giant fossil whale Perucetus colossus". PeerJ. 12 e16978. Bibcode:2024PeerJ..1216978M. doi:10.7717/peerj.16978. PMC 10909350. PMID 38436015.
Árnason, U.; Lammers, F.; Kumar, V.; Nilsson, M. A.; Janke, A. (2018). "Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow". Science Advances. 4 (4) eaap9873. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.9873A. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap9873. PMC 5884691. PMID 29632892.
Attard, C. R. M.; Beheregaray, L. B.; Jenner, K. C. S.; Gill, P. C.; Jenner, M.-N. M.; Morrice, M. G.; Teske, P. R.; Moller, L. M. (2015). "Low genetic diversity in pygmy blue whales is due to climate-induced diversification rather than anthropogenic impacts". Biology Letters. 11 (5) 20141037. Bibcode:2015BiLet..1141037A. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.1037. PMC 4455730. PMID 25948571.
Westbury, Michael V.; Petersen, Bent; Lorenzen, Eline D. (25 September 2019). "Genomic analyses reveal an absence of contemporary introgressive admixture between fin whales and blue whales, despite known hybrids". PLOS ONE. 14 (9) e0222004. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1422004W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222004. PMC 6760757. PMID 31553763.
Lomax, Dean R.; de la Salle, Paul; Massare, Judy A.; Gallois, Ramues (2018). "A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff 'dinosaurian' bones". PLOS ONE. 13 (4) e0194742. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1394742L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194742. PMC 5890986. PMID 29630618.
McClain, C. R.; Balk, M. A.; Benfield, M. C.; Branch, T. A.; Chen, C.; Cosgrove, J.; Dove, A. D. M.; Helm, R. R.; Hochberg, F. G.; Gaskins, L. C.; Lee, F. B.; Marshall, A.; McMurray, S. E.; Schanche, C.; Stone, S. N. (2015). "Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna". PeerJ. e715 e715. Bibcode:2015PeerJ...3.e715M. doi:10.7717/peerj.715. PMC 4304853. PMID 25649000.
Potvin, J.; Goldbogen, J.; Chadwick, R. E. (2012). "Metabolic Expenditures of Lunge Feeding Rorquals Across Scale: Implications for the Evolution of Filter Feeding and the Limits to Maximum Body Size". PLOS One. 7 (9) e44854. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...744854P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044854. PMC 3443106. PMID 23024769.
Greg A.; Breed; Els; Vermeulen; Peter; Corkeron (2024). "Extreme longevity may be the rule not the exception in Balaenid whales". Science Advances. 51 (1) eadq3086. Bibcode:2024SciA...10.3086B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq3086. PMC 11661453. PMID 39705342.
Abrahms, B.; Hazen, E. L.; Aikens, E. O.; Savoca, M. S.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Goldbogen, S. J.; Jacox, M. G.; Irvine, L. M.; Palacios, D. M.; Mate, B. R. (2019). "Memory and resource tracking drive blue whale migrations". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (12): 5582–5587. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.5582A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819031116. PMC 6431148. PMID 30804188.
Segre, P. S.; Potvin, J; Cade, D. E.; Calambokidis, J; Di Clemente, J; Fish, F. E.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Gough, W. T.; Kahane-Rapport, S. R.; Oliveira, C; Parks, S. E.; Penry, G. S.; Simon, M; Stimpert, A. K.; Wiley, D. N.; Bierlich, K. C.; Madsen, P. T.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2020). "Energetic and physical limitations on the breaching performance of large whales". eLife. 9 e51760. doi:10.7554/eLife.51760. PMC 7065846. PMID 32159511.
Goldbogen, J. A.; Cade, D. E.; Calambokidis, J.; Czapanskiy, M. F.; Fahlbusch, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Gough, W. T.; Kahane-Rapport, S. R.; Savoca, M. S.; Ponganis, K. V.; Ponganis, P. J. (2019). "Extreme bradycardia and tachycardia in the world's largest animal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (50): 25329–25332. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11625329G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1914273116. PMC 6911174. PMID 31767746.
Fossette, S.; Abrahms, B.; Hazen, E. L.; Bograd, S. J.; Zilliacus, K. M.; Calambokidis, J.; Burrows, J. A.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Harvey, J. T.; Marinovic, B.; Tershy, B.; Croll, D. A. (2017). "Resource partitioning facilitates coexistence in sympatric cetaceans in the California Current". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (1): 9085–9097. Bibcode:2017EcoEv...7.9085F. doi:10.1002/ece3.3409. PMC 5677487. PMID 29152200.
Goldbogen, J. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Francis, J.; DeRuiter, A. L.; Stimpert, A. K.; Falcone, E.; Southall, B. L. (2012). "Underwater acrobatics by the world's largest predator: 360° rolling manoeuvres by lunge-feeding blue whales". Biology Letters. 9 (1) 20120986. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0986. PMC 3565519. PMID 23193050.
Barlow, Dawn R. (2023). "Shaped by their Environment: Variation in Blue Whale Morphology Across Three Productive Coastal Ecosystems". Integrative Organismal Biology. 5 (1) obad039. doi:10.1093/iob/obad039. PMC 10701340. PMID 38078056.
Hazen, E. L.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2015). "Blue whales ("Balaenoptera musculus") optimize foraging efficiency by balancing oxygen use and energy gain as a function of prey density". Science Advances. 1 (9) e1500469. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0469H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500469. PMC 4646804. PMID 26601290.
Pianka, E. R. (1974). "Niche overlap and diffuse competition". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 71 (5): 2141–2145. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.2141P. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.5.2141. PMC 388403. PMID 4525324.
Lewis, L. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Stimpert, A. K.; Fahlbusch, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; McKenna, M. F.; Mesnick, S.; Oleson, E. M.; Southall, B. L.; Szesciorka, A. S.; Sirovic, A. (2018). "Context-dependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (8): 1080241. Bibcode:2018RSOS....580241L. doi:10.1098/rsos.180241. PMC 6124089. PMID 30225013.
Ryan, John P.; Oestreich, William K.; Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.; Waluk, Chad M.; Rueda, Carlos A.; Cline, Danelle E.; Zhang, Yanwu; Cheeseman, Ted; Calambokidis, John; Fahlbusch, James A.; Barkowski, Jack; Fleming, Alyson H.; Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner; Santora, Jarrod A.; Margolina, Tetyana (26 February 2025). "Audible changes in marine trophic ecology: Baleen whale song tracks foraging conditions in the eastern North Pacific". PLOS ONE. 20 (2) e0318624. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2018624R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318624. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 11864538. PMID 40009591.
Hermosilla, C; Silva, L. M. R.; Prieto, R; Kleinertz, S; Taubert, A; Silva, M. A. (2015). "Endo- and ectoparasites of large whales (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae, Physeteridae): Overcoming difficulties in obtaining appropriate samples by non- and minimally-invasive methods". International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. 4 (3): 414–420. Bibcode:2015IJPPW...4..414H. doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.11.002. PMC 4699982. PMID 26835249.
Samaran, F.; Stafford, K. M.; Branch, T. A.; Gedamke, J.; Royer, Y.-J.; Dziak, R. P.; Guinet, C. (2013). "Seasonal and geographic variation of southern blue whale subspecies in the Indian Ocean". PLOS ONE. 8 (8) e71561. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...871561S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071561. PMC 3742792. PMID 23967221.
Melcón, M. L.; Cummins, A. J.; Kerosky, S. M.; Roche, L. K.; Wiggins, S. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2012). "Blue Whales Respond to Anthropogenic Noise". PLOS ONE. 7 (2) e32681. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...732681M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032681. PMC 3290562. PMID 22393434.
Trumble, S. J.; Robinson, E. M.; Berman-Kowalewski, M.; Potter, C. W.; Usenko, S. (2013). "Blue whale earplug reveals lifetime contaminant exposure and hormone profiles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (42): 16922–16926. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11016922T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1311418110. PMC 3801066. PMID 24043814.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

fisheries.noaa.gov

Oliver, Chris W. (November 2020). Recovery Plan for the Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
"Blue Whale". NOAA Fisheries. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
NMFS (2017). National Report on Large Whale Entanglements (Report). NOAA.

repository.library.noaa.gov

Leatherwood, S.; Reeves, R. R.; Perrin, W. F.; Evans, W. E. (1982). "Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the eastern North Pacific and adjacent Arctic waters: A guide to their identification". NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular. 444: 245.
"Sex ratios in blue whales from conception onward" (PDF). p. 23. Retrieved 7 February 2025.

spo.nmfs.noaa.gov

Mizroch, Sally A.; Dale W. Rice; Jeffrey M. Breiwick (1984). "The Blue Whale, Balaenoptera musculus" (PDF). Marine Fisheries Review. 46 (4): 15–19 [17]. Retrieved 23 February 2025.

gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov

de Vos, A. (2015). "Marine life on the line". In Braun, D. (ed.). Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Final Programmatic Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan and Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. National Geographic. p. 685.

palaeo-electronica.org (Global: 8,851^st place; English: 5,975^th place)

Paul, G.S.; Larramendi, A. (2025). "Further trimming down the marine heavyweights: Perucetus colossus did not come close to, much less exceed, the tonnage of blue whales, and the latter are not ultra-sized either". Palaeontologia Electronica. 28 (1). 28.1.a6. doi:10.26879/1435.

people.com (Global: 69^th place; English: 49^th place)

"Rare Blue Whale with Albinism Spotted in National Park in 'Unprecedented Milestone'". People. 10 March 2026. Retrieved 29 June 2026.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Ortega-Ortiz, Christian D.; Mata Cruz, Ricardo M.; Gerrodette, Tim; Gendron, Diane (2022). "A photogrammetric method to estimate total length of the largest mammal, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)". Mammalian Biology. Vol. 102. pp. 629–643. doi:10.1007/s42991-022-00307-6.
Branch, T. A. (2008). "Biological parameters for pygmy blue whales". International Whaling Commission Document. SC/60/SH6: 13.
Totterdell, J. A.; Wellard, R.; Reeves, I. M.; Elsdon, B.; Markovic, P.; Yoshida, M.; Fairchild, A.; Sharp, G.; Pitman, R. (2022). "The first three records of killer whales (Orcinus orca) killing and eating blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus)". Marine Mammal Science. 38 (3): 1286–1301. Bibcode:2022MMamS..38.1286T. doi:10.1111/mms.12906. S2CID 246167673.

sararegistry.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Assessment and Update Status Report on the Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus" (PDF). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2025. Retrieved 19 April 2007.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Bianucci, G.; Lambert, O.; Urbina, M.; Merella, M.; Collareta, A.; Bennion, R.; Salas-Gismondi, R.; Benites-Palomino, A.; Post, K.; de Muizon, C.; Bosio, G.; Di Celma, C.; Malinverno, E.; Pierantoni, P.P.; Villa, I.M.; Amson, E. (2023). "A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology". Nature. 620 (7975): 824–829. Bibcode:2023Natur.620..824B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06381-1. hdl:10281/434998. PMID 37532931. S2CID 260433513.
Paul, Gregory S.; Larramendi, Asier (11 April 2023). "Body mass estimate of Bruhathkayosaurus and other fragmentary sauropod remains suggest the largest land animals were about as big as the greatest whales". Lethaia. 56 (2): 1–11. Bibcode:2023Letha..56..2.5P. doi:10.18261/let.56.2.5. ISSN 0024-1164. S2CID 259782734.
LeDuc, R. G.; Dizon, A. E.; Goto, M.; Pastene, L. A.; Kato, H.; Nishiwaki, S.; LeDuc, C. A.; Brownell, R. L. (2023). "Patterns of genetic variation in Southern Hemisphere blue whales, and the use of assignment test to detect mixing on the feeding grounds". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 9: 73–80. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v9i1.694. S2CID 257136658.
LeDuc, R. G.; Archer, E. I.; Lang, A. R.; Martien, K. K.; Hancock-Hanser, B.; Torres-Florez, J. P.; Hucke-Gaete, R.; Rosenbaum, H. R.; Van Waerebeek, K.; Brownell, R. L. Jr.; Taylor, B. L. (2016). "Genetic variation in blue whales in the eastern Pacific: implication for taxonomy and use of common wintering grounds". Molecular Ecology. 26 (3): 740–751. doi:10.1111/mec.13940. PMID 27891694. S2CID 206184206.
Ralls, K. (1976). "Mammals in which females are larger than males". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 51 (2): 245–270. doi:10.1086/409310. PMID 785524. S2CID 25927323.
Calderan, Susannah V.; Leaper, Russell; Andrews-Goff, Virginia; Miller, Brian S.; Olson, Paula A.; Reyes Reyes, M. V.; Bell, Elanor; Double, Michael C. (2023). "Surfacing rates, swim speeds, and patterns of movement of Antarctic blue whales". Frontiers in Marine Science. 26 1087967. Bibcode:2023FrMaS..1087967C. doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1087967. S2CID 256234692.
Hardin, G. (1960). "The competitive exclusion principle". Science. 131 (3409): 1292–1297. Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1292H. doi:10.1126/science.131.3409.1292. PMID 14399717. S2CID 18542809.
Hutchinson, G. E. (1961). "The Paradox of the Plankton". The American Naturalist. 95 (882): 137–145. Bibcode:1961ANat...95..137H. doi:10.1086/282171. S2CID 86353285.
Oftedal, O. T. (1997). "Lactation in whales and dolphins: Evidence of divergence between baleen- and toothed-species". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 2 (3): 205–230. doi:10.1023/A:1026328203526. PMID 10882306. S2CID 19588882.
Yamato, M.; Ketten, D. R.; Arruda, J.; Cramer, S. (2008). "Biomechanical and structural modeling of hearing in baleen whales". Bioacoustics. 17 (1–3): 100–102. Bibcode:2008Bioac..17..100Y. doi:10.1080/09524622.2008.9753781. S2CID 85314872.
McDonald, M. A.; Mesnick, S. L.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2023). "Biogeographic characterization of blue whale song worldwide: Using song to identify populations". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 8: 55–66. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v8i1.702. S2CID 18769917.
Rankin, S.; Ljungblad, D.; Clark, C.; Kato, H. (2023). "Vocalisations of Antarctic blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, recorded during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 IWC/SOWER circumpolar cruises, Area V, Antarctica". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 7: 13–20. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v7i1.752. S2CID 43993242.
Sirovic, A.; Hildebrand, J. A.; Thiele, D. (2006). "Baleen whales in the Scotia Sea in January and February 2003". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 8: 161–171. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v8i2.712. S2CID 251277044.
Pitman, R.; Fearnbach, H.; LeDuc, R.; Gilpatrick, J. W.; Ford, J. K. B.; Balance, L. T. (2023). "Killer whales preying on a blue whale calf on the Costa Rica Dome: Genetics, morphometrics, vocalizations and composition of the group". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 9 (2): 151–158. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v9i2.683. S2CID 257138804.
Totterdell, J. A.; Wellard, R.; Reeves, I. M.; Elsdon, B.; Markovic, P.; Yoshida, M.; Fairchild, A.; Sharp, G.; Pitman, R. (2022). "The first three records of killer whales (Orcinus orca) killing and eating blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus)". Marine Mammal Science. 38 (3): 1286–1301. Bibcode:2022MMamS..38.1286T. doi:10.1111/mms.12906. S2CID 246167673.
Berman-Kowalewski, M.; Gulland, F.; Wilkin, S.; Calambokidis, J.; Mate, B.; Cordaro, J.; Rotstein, D.; St. Leger, J.; Collins, P.; Fahy, K.; Dover, S. (2010). "Association between blue whale mortality and ship strikes along the California coast". Aquatic Mammals. 36 (1): 59–66. doi:10.1578/AM.36.1.2010.59. S2CID 86304413.
Randage, S. M.; Alling, A.; Currier, K.; Heywood, E. (2023). "Review of the Sri Lanka blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) with observations on its distribution in the shipping lane". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 14: 43–49. doi:10.47536/jcrm.v14i1.522. S2CID 46399716.
Redfern, J. V.; McKenna, M. F.; Moore, T. J.; Calambokidis, J.; Deangelis, M. L.; Becker, E. A.; Barlow, J.; Forney, K. A.; Fiedler, P. C.; Chivers, S. J. (2013). "Assessing the risk of ships striking large whales in marine spatial planning". Conservation Biology. 22 (2): 292–302. Bibcode:2013ConBi..27..292R. doi:10.1111/cobi.12029. PMID 23521668. S2CID 17833403.
McKenna, M. F.; Ross, D.; Wiggins, S. M.; Hildebrand, J. A. (2012). "Underwater radiated noise from modern commercial ships". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 131 (1): 92–103. Bibcode:2012ASAJ..131...92M. doi:10.1121/1.3664100. PMID 22280574. S2CID 9474116.
McDonald, M. A.; Hildebrand, J. A.; Webb, S. C. (1995). "Blue and fin whales observed on a seafloor array in the Northeast Pacific". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 98 (2): 712–721. Bibcode:1995ASAJ...98..712M. doi:10.1121/1.413565. PMID 7642810. S2CID 3829165.

speciesplus.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Species+. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Retrieved 16 May 2026.

uwlax.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

bioweb.uwlax.edu

"Reproduction". University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Leatherwood, S.; Caldwell, D. K.; Winn, H. E. (1976). "Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the western North Atlantic". NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular. 396: 176. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
"Assessment and Update Status Report on the Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus" (PDF). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2025. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
"See the world's biggest heart". Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
"Largest mammal". Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
"Reproduction". University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
"Exclusive Video May Show Blue Whale Calf Nursing". National Geographic. 2 March 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
"Killer Whales Attacked a Blue Whale—Here's the Surprising Reason Why". National Geographic. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
"Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals" (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. 23 June 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
Ivashchenko, Y.; Clapham, P. J.; Brownell, R. (2011). "Soviet Illegal Whaling: The Devil and the Details" (PDF). Marine Fisheries Review. 73 (1): 1–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023.

whales.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

us.whales.org

"Blue whale". Whale and Dolphin Conservation. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Paul, Gregory S.; Larramendi, Asier (11 April 2023). "Body mass estimate of Bruhathkayosaurus and other fragmentary sauropod remains suggest the largest land animals were about as big as the greatest whales". Lethaia. 56 (2): 1–11. Bibcode:2023Letha..56..2.5P. doi:10.18261/let.56.2.5. ISSN 0024-1164. S2CID 259782734.
de Vos, Asha; Faux, Cassandra E.; Marthick, James; Dickinson, Joanne; Jarman, Simon N. (6 April 2018). "New Determination of Prey and Parasite Species for Northern Indian Ocean Blue Whales". Frontiers in Marine Science. 5 104. Bibcode:2018FrMaS...5..104D. doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00104. ISSN 2296-7745.
Ryan, John P.; Oestreich, William K.; Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.; Waluk, Chad M.; Rueda, Carlos A.; Cline, Danelle E.; Zhang, Yanwu; Cheeseman, Ted; Calambokidis, John; Fahlbusch, James A.; Barkowski, Jack; Fleming, Alyson H.; Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner; Santora, Jarrod A.; Margolina, Tetyana (26 February 2025). "Audible changes in marine trophic ecology: Baleen whale song tracks foraging conditions in the eastern North Pacific". PLOS ONE. 20 (2) e0318624. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2018624R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318624. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 11864538. PMID 40009591.

Blue whale (English Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 120th place; English: 70th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

alaska.edu (Global: 7,176th place; English: 4,809th place)

scholarworks.alaska.edu

aquadocs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

aquaticcommons.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

awionline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168th place; English: 136th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cms.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

dfo-mpo.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: 7,235th place)

waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477th place; English: 863rd place)

fishernet.is (Global: low place; English: low place)

fws.gov (Global: 2,032nd place; English: 1,082nd place)

ecos.fws.gov

geomar.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

oceanrep.geomar.de

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

guinnessworldrecords.com (Global: 873rd place; English: 697th place)

hakaimagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

ifremer.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

archimer.ifremer.fr

iucn-csg.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39th place; English: 71st place)

iwc.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726th place; English: 1,417th place)

marinemammalscience.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489th place; English: 425th place)

natureserve.org (Global: 2,387th place; English: 1,112th place)

explorer.natureserve.org

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

noaa.gov (Global: 111th place; English: 78th place)

fisheries.noaa.gov

repository.library.noaa.gov

spo.nmfs.noaa.gov

gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov

palaeo-electronica.org (Global: 8,851st place; English: 5,975th place)

people.com (Global: 69th place; English: 49th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

sararegistry.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

speciesplus.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

uwlax.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

bioweb.uwlax.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

whales.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

us.whales.org

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

abc.net.au (Global: 120^th place; English: 70^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

alaska.edu (Global: 7,176^th place; English: 4,809^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

dfo-mpo.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: 7,235^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

fws.gov (Global: 2,032^nd place; English: 1,082^nd place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

guinnessworldrecords.com (Global: 873^rd place; English: 697^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

natureserve.org (Global: 2,387^th place; English: 1,112^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

palaeo-electronica.org (Global: 8,851^st place; English: 5,975^th place)

people.com (Global: 69^th place; English: 49^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)