Bride kidnapping (English Wikipedia)

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See Aminova; Jamila Sujud and Rashid Musayev, "Bride Kidnapping Returns in Central Asia, Central Asia Online, 18 January 2010
Jamila Sujud and Rashid Musayev, "Bride Kidnapping Returns in Central Asia", Central Asia Online, 18 January 2010

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Werner, Cynthia, "Women, marriage, and the nation-state: the rise of nonconsensual bride kidnapping in post-Soviet Kazakhstan Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine", in The Transformation of Central Asia. Pauline Jones Luong, ed. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2004, pp. 59–89

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See Brian Stross, "Tzeltal Marriage by Capture", Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 3, Kidnapping and Elopement as Alternative Systems of Marriage (Special Issue) (July 1974), pp. 328–346 (describing Tzeltal culture as patriarchal with a few opportunities for "pre-marital cross-sex interaction")[hereinafter Stross, Tzeltal Marriage by Capture]; Sabina Kiryashova, "Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences", Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 17 November 2005 (discussing the shame brought on Azeri kidnap victims who spend a night outside of the house); Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, "Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia", (discussing the Georgian case, where "great social stigma attaches to the suspicion of lost virginity."). Compare with Ayres, Barbara (1974). "Bride Theft and Raiding for Wives in Cross-Cultural Perspective". Anthropological Quarterly. 47 (3): 238–252. doi:10.2307/3316978. JSTOR 3316978. There is no relationship between bride theft and status distinctions, bride price, or attitudes toward premarital virginity. The absence of strong associations in these areas suggests the need for a new hypothesis.
Emley, E. D. (1927). "The Turkana of Kolosia District". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 57: 157–201. doi:10.2307/2843681. JSTOR 2843681.
See Kleinbach, Russ; Salimjanova, Lilly (2007). "Kyz ala kachuu and adat: Non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asian Survey. 26 (2): 217–233. doi:10.1080/02634930701517466. S2CID 144912640; Handrahan, Lori (2004). "Hunting for Women". International Feminist Journal of Politics. 6 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1080/1461674042000211308. S2CID 145703935.
Bride kidnapping is criminalized in Article 155 of the Criminal code. See Kleinbach, Russ; Salimjanova, Lilly (2007). "Kyz ala kachuu and adat: Non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asian Survey. 26 (2): 217–233. doi:10.1080/02634930701517466. S2CID 144912640.
Kleinbach, Russ; Salimjanova, Lilly (2007). "Kyz ala kachuu and adat: Non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asian Survey. 26 (2): 217–233. doi:10.1080/02634930701517466. S2CID 144912640.
See Beyer, Judith (2006). "Kyrgyz Aksakal Courts: Pluralistic Accounts of History". Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law. 38 (53–54): 141–176. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.526.170. doi:10.1080/07329113.2006.10756601. S2CID 56345112; {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help) Handrahan, pp. 212–213.
Rimonte, Nilda (July 1991). "A Question of Culture: Cultural Approval of Violence against Women in the Pacific-Asian Community and the Cultural Defense". Stanford Law Review. 43 (6): 1311–1326. doi:10.2307/1229041. JSTOR 1229041.
There is significant dissent in the Hmong-American community about the acceptability of bride capture. See Sunder, Madhavi (2003). "Piercing the Veil". Yale Law Journal. 112 (6): 1399–1472, at 1470. doi:10.2307/3657449. JSTOR 3657449.
Shapiro, Judith (December 1971). "Yanoáma: The Narrative of a White Girl Kidnapped by Amazonian Indians – Reviewed by JUDITH SHAPIRO, University of Chicago". American Anthropologist. 73 (6): 1331–1333. doi:10.1525/aa.1971.73.6.02a00270.
Guzmán, Carmen Luz (2013). "Las cautivas de las Siete Ciudades: El cautiverio de mujeres hispanocriollas durante la Guerra de Arauco, en la perspectiva de cuatro cronistas (s. XVII)" [The captives of the Seven Cities: The captivity of hispanic-creole women during the Arauco's War, from the insight of four chroniclers (17th century)]. Intus-Legere Historia (in Spanish). 7 (1): 77–97. doi:10.15691/07176864.2014.094 (inactive 11 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
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See Courtney Brooks, Amina Umarova, "Despite Official Measures, Bride Kidnapping Endemic in Chechnya", Radio Free Europe, 21 October 2010; (Estonian Review: 2–8 August 2006, "Estonian National Kidnapped In Russia's Dagestan" Archived 10 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 7 August 2006, (noting the bride kidnapping of a 19-year-old Estonian woman in Dagestan).

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Captured By Indians: Mary Jemison Becomes an Indian History Matters

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Gilad, Moshe (5 July 2012). "A Slightly Rarefied Circassian Day Trip". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. "We have an ancient and strong tradition, and we preserve it carefully. Kidnapping the bride before marriage is part of this tradition, and today it is a symbolic ceremony that allows women to marry whom they wish even if the family is against the match."—Zuhair Thawcho, director of the Circassian Heritage Center in Kfar Kama, Israel

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"'Bridenapping': a growing hidden crime". The Independent. 9 October 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
"Kidnapped, raped married. The extraordinary rebellion of Ethiopia's abducted wives". 17 March 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
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See Brian Stross, "Tzeltal Marriage by Capture", Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 3, Kidnapping and Elopement as Alternative Systems of Marriage (Special Issue) (July 1974), pp. 328–346 (describing Tzeltal culture as patriarchal with a few opportunities for "pre-marital cross-sex interaction")[hereinafter Stross, Tzeltal Marriage by Capture]; Sabina Kiryashova, "Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences", Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 17 November 2005 (discussing the shame brought on Azeri kidnap victims who spend a night outside of the house); Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, "Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia", (discussing the Georgian case, where "great social stigma attaches to the suspicion of lost virginity."). Compare with Ayres, Barbara (1974). "Bride Theft and Raiding for Wives in Cross-Cultural Perspective". Anthropological Quarterly. 47 (3): 238–252. doi:10.2307/3316978. JSTOR 3316978. There is no relationship between bride theft and status distinctions, bride price, or attitudes toward premarital virginity. The absence of strong associations in these areas suggests the need for a new hypothesis.
Human Rights Watch, Reconciled to Violence: State Failure to Stop Domestic Abuse and Abduction of Women in Kazakhstan, Vol. 8, No. 9, September 2006, p. 117 ("Families in Kyrgyzstan generally exploit the labor of new brides as a way of adding to the resources and productivity of the household with little cost to the family.Families in Kyrgyzstan generally exploit the labor of new brides as a way of adding to the resources and productivity of the household with little cost to the family."); Sabina Kiryashova, "Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences", Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 17 November 2005, ("Even more sinister are reports of kidnapped brides being taken abroad or used as slaves at home. "There have been cases when girls were abducted and used as housekeepers", said Saida Gojamanli from the Human Rights and Legislation Protection Bureau.")
See Sabina Kiryashova, "Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences", p; Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, "Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia"
"Institute for War & Peace Reporting - IWPR". iwpr.net.
Sabina Kiryashova, "Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences" Archived 19 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
U.S. Department of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Georgia; Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia, Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 15 June 2006
Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia, Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 15 June 2006; Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre, "Georgia: Bride-kidnapping in Georgia", 8 June 2009
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See Brian Stross, "Tzeltal Marriage by Capture", Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 3, Kidnapping and Elopement as Alternative Systems of Marriage (Special Issue) (July 1974), pp. 328–346 (describing Tzeltal culture as patriarchal with a few opportunities for "pre-marital cross-sex interaction")[hereinafter Stross, Tzeltal Marriage by Capture]; Sabina Kiryashova, "Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences", Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 17 November 2005 (discussing the shame brought on Azeri kidnap victims who spend a night outside of the house); Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, "Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia", (discussing the Georgian case, where "great social stigma attaches to the suspicion of lost virginity."). Compare with Ayres, Barbara (1974). "Bride Theft and Raiding for Wives in Cross-Cultural Perspective". Anthropological Quarterly. 47 (3): 238–252. doi:10.2307/3316978. JSTOR 3316978. There is no relationship between bride theft and status distinctions, bride price, or attitudes toward premarital virginity. The absence of strong associations in these areas suggests the need for a new hypothesis.
Emley, E. D. (1927). "The Turkana of Kolosia District". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 57: 157–201. doi:10.2307/2843681. JSTOR 2843681.
Rimonte, Nilda (July 1991). "A Question of Culture: Cultural Approval of Violence against Women in the Pacific-Asian Community and the Cultural Defense". Stanford Law Review. 43 (6): 1311–1326. doi:10.2307/1229041. JSTOR 1229041.
There is significant dissent in the Hmong-American community about the acceptability of bride capture. See Sunder, Madhavi (2003). "Piercing the Veil". Yale Law Journal. 112 (6): 1399–1472, at 1470. doi:10.2307/3657449. JSTOR 3657449.

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See Beyer, Judith (2006). "Kyrgyz Aksakal Courts: Pluralistic Accounts of History". Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law. 38 (53–54): 141–176. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.526.170. doi:10.1080/07329113.2006.10756601. S2CID 56345112; {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help) Handrahan, pp. 212–213.

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"Dagestan Reports Sudden Surge in Bride-Snatching" Archived 26 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine; Courtney Brooks, Amina Umarova, "Despite Official Measures, Bride Kidnapping Endemic in Chechnya", Radio Free Europe, 21 October 2010
See Courtney Brooks, Amina Umarova, "Despite Official Measures, Bride Kidnapping Endemic in Chechnya", Radio Free Europe, 21 October 2010; (Estonian Review: 2–8 August 2006, "Estonian National Kidnapped In Russia's Dagestan" Archived 10 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 7 August 2006, (noting the bride kidnapping of a 19-year-old Estonian woman in Dagestan).
Courtney Brooks, Amina Umarova, "Despite Official Measures, Bride Kidnapping Endemic in Chechnya", Radio Free Europe, 21 October 2010

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See Kleinbach, Russ; Salimjanova, Lilly (2007). "Kyz ala kachuu and adat: Non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asian Survey. 26 (2): 217–233. doi:10.1080/02634930701517466. S2CID 144912640; Handrahan, Lori (2004). "Hunting for Women". International Feminist Journal of Politics. 6 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1080/1461674042000211308. S2CID 145703935.
Bride kidnapping is criminalized in Article 155 of the Criminal code. See Kleinbach, Russ; Salimjanova, Lilly (2007). "Kyz ala kachuu and adat: Non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asian Survey. 26 (2): 217–233. doi:10.1080/02634930701517466. S2CID 144912640.
Kleinbach, Russ; Salimjanova, Lilly (2007). "Kyz ala kachuu and adat: Non-consensual bride kidnapping and tradition in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asian Survey. 26 (2): 217–233. doi:10.1080/02634930701517466. S2CID 144912640.
See Beyer, Judith (2006). "Kyrgyz Aksakal Courts: Pluralistic Accounts of History". Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law. 38 (53–54): 141–176. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.526.170. doi:10.1080/07329113.2006.10756601. S2CID 56345112; {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help) Handrahan, pp. 212–213.

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Gilad, Moshe (5 July 2012). "A Slightly Rarefied Circassian Day Trip". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. "We have an ancient and strong tradition, and we preserve it carefully. Kidnapping the bride before marriage is part of this tradition, and today it is a symbolic ceremony that allows women to marry whom they wish even if the family is against the match."—Zuhair Thawcho, director of the Circassian Heritage Center in Kfar Kama, Israel
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Alena Aminova, "Only a Few Are Aware That Bride Kidnapping is A Criminal Offense" Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, CaucAsia: Traditions and Gender (international coalition of gender journalists), vol. 5 (2005)
"Ngerangkat, Mencuri Istri". IKADS. 6 May 2013. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
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Cavignac, Julie A. (2012). "Caboclas brabas e tapuias amansados: uma história mal contada". Perigo Iminente (in Portuguese). 2: 57–63. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
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See Courtney Brooks, Amina Umarova, "Despite Official Measures, Bride Kidnapping Endemic in Chechnya", Radio Free Europe, 21 October 2010; (Estonian Review: 2–8 August 2006, "Estonian National Kidnapped In Russia's Dagestan" Archived 10 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 7 August 2006, (noting the bride kidnapping of a 19-year-old Estonian woman in Dagestan).
Jane Armstrong, "Rage or Romance?" Archived 12 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Globe and Mail (Canada), 26 April 2008,
Sabina Kiryashova, "Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences" Archived 19 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
U.S. Department of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Georgia; Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia, Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 15 June 2006
Violence Against Women in Georgia, "Archived Document" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2008.; Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre, "Georgia: Bride-kidnapping in Georgia", 8 June 2009)
U.S. Department of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Georgia
MacDonald, "Gardai hunt gang accused of seizing Roma child bride"; OSCE, "Building the Capacity of Roma Communities to Prevent Trafficking in Human Beings", 2007, p. 17; Alexey Pamporov, "Roma/Gypsy population in Bulgaria as a challenge for the policy relevance" Archived 17 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
Alexey Pamporov, "Sold like a donkey? Bride-price among the Bulgarian Roma" Archived 30 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 13, 471–476 (2007)
The Book of Judges, Chapter 21 Archived 29 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine in the Bible.
"Franca Viola" Archived 12 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine by Deirdre Pirro in The Florentine (issue no. 78/2008 / 30 April 2008)
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"Archived Document". Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

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Smith, Craig S. (30 April 2005). "Abduction, Often Violent, a Kyrgyz Wedding Rite". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
See Stross, Tzeltal Marriage by Capture (Tzeltal culture); Scott, George (1986). The Migrants Without Mountains: The Sociocultural Adjustment Among the Lao Hmong Refugees in San Diego (PhD). University of California, San Diego. pp. 82–85. OCLC 34162755. (Hmong culture); Alex Rodriguez, Kidnapping a Bride Practice Embraced in Kyrgyzstan, Augusta Chronicle, 24 July 2005 (Kyrgyz culture);
Scott, George (1986). The Migrants Without Mountains: The Sociocultural Adjustment Among the Lao Hmong Refugees in San Diego (PhD). University of California, San Diego. pp. 82–85. OCLC 34162755.

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