Broken windows theory (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Broken windows theory" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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30web.archive.org

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Zimbardo, P.G. (1969). "The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos" (PDF). Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. 17: 237–307. APA 1971-08069-001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2020-02-19.

archive.org

Kelling, George; Coles, Catherine (1997), Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 978-0-684-83738-3.
Jacobs 1961, pp. 34–35. Jacobs, Jane (1961), The Death and Life of Great American Cities, New York: Random House, OL 5820238M.
Jacobs 1961, pp. 29, 378. Jacobs, Jane (1961), The Death and Life of Great American Cities, New York: Random House, OL 5820238M.

books.google.com

Muñiz, Ana (2015). Police, Power, and the Production of Racial Boundaries. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813569772. Page 58, referencing Garland (2001). Garland, D (2001), The Culture of Control: Crime and Order in Contemporary Society, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780198299370.
Taylor, Ralph B. (2001). Breaking Away from Broken Windows: Baltimore Neighborhoods and the Nationwide Fight Against Crime, Grime, Fear, and Decline. Westview Press. ISBN 9780813397580.

boston.com

Johnson, Carolyn Y (2009-02-08). "Breakthrough on 'broken windows'". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2009-02-11. Retrieved 2009-02-20.

businessinsider.com

"Criticism for Giuliani's broken windows theory", Business insider, Aug 2013, archived from the original on 2021-04-23, retrieved 2013-11-24.

city-journal.org

William Bratton, George Kelling (December 2014). "Why we need Broken Windows policing". City Journal. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

columbia.edu

www3.law.columbia.edu

Harcourt, Bernard; Ludwig, Jens (2007). "Reefer Madness: Broken Windows Policing and Misdemeanor Marijuana Arrests in New York City, 1989–2000" (PDF). Criminology and Public Policy. 6: 165–182. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00427.x. S2CID 19165766. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-27 – via Columbia.edu.

doi.org

Herbert & Brown 2006. Herbert, Steve; Brown, Elizabeth (September 2006), "Conceptions of Space and Crime in the Punitive Neoliberal City", Antipode, 38 (4): 755–77, Bibcode:2006Antip..38..755H, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2006.00475.x.
Wilcox et al. 2004, p. 186. Wilcox, P; Quisenberry, N; Cabrera, DT; Jones, S (2004), "Busy places & broken windows?: Toward Defining the Role of Physical Structure and Process in Community Crime Models", Sociological Quarterly, 45 (2): 185–207, doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb00009.x, S2CID 145187908.
Wilcox et al. 2004, p. 187. Wilcox, P; Quisenberry, N; Cabrera, DT; Jones, S (2004), "Busy places & broken windows?: Toward Defining the Role of Physical Structure and Process in Community Crime Models", Sociological Quarterly, 45 (2): 185–207, doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb00009.x, S2CID 145187908.
Sampson & Raudenbush 2004, p. 319. Sampson, RJ; Raudenbush, SW (2004), "Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of "Broken Windows"", Social Psychology Quarterly, 67 (4): 319–42, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.2220, doi:10.1177/019027250406700401, S2CID 8626641.
Ranasinghe 2012, p. 65. Ranasinghe, P (2012), "Jane Jacobs' framing of public disorder and its relation to the 'broken windows' theory", Theoretical Criminology, 16 (1): 63–84, doi:10.1177/1362480611406947, S2CID 144274542.
Ranasinghe 2012, p. 67. Ranasinghe, P (2012), "Jane Jacobs' framing of public disorder and its relation to the 'broken windows' theory", Theoretical Criminology, 16 (1): 63–84, doi:10.1177/1362480611406947, S2CID 144274542.
Hinkle & Weisburd 2008. Hinkle, Joshua C.; Weisburd, David (November 2008), "The irony of broken windows policing: A micro-place study of the relationship between disorder, focused police crackdowns and fear of crime", Journal of Criminal Justice, 36 (6): 503–512, doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.09.010.
Ranasinghe 2012, p. 68. Ranasinghe, P (2012), "Jane Jacobs' framing of public disorder and its relation to the 'broken windows' theory", Theoretical Criminology, 16 (1): 63–84, doi:10.1177/1362480611406947, S2CID 144274542.
Ranasinghe 2012, p. 72. Ranasinghe, P (2012), "Jane Jacobs' framing of public disorder and its relation to the 'broken windows' theory", Theoretical Criminology, 16 (1): 63–84, doi:10.1177/1362480611406947, S2CID 144274542.
Corman, Hope; Mocan, Naci (2005). "Carrots, Sticks, and Broken Windows". The Journal of Law and Economics. 48 (1): 235–266. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.486.9721. doi:10.1086/425594. JSTOR 10.1086/425594. S2CID 30448467.
Jefferson, Brian Jordan (16 October 2016). "Broken Windows Policing and Constructions of Space and Crime: Flatbush, Brooklyn". Antipode. 48 (5): 1270–1291. Bibcode:2016Antip..48.1270J. doi:10.1111/anti.12240. ISSN 0066-4812.
Sullivan, Christopher M.; O'Keeffe, Zachary P. (2017-09-25). "Evidence that curtailing proactive policing can reduce major crime". Nature Human Behaviour. 1 (10): 730–737. doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0211-5. ISSN 2397-3374. PMID 31024103. S2CID 19223955.
Keizer, K; Lindenberg, S; Steg, L (2008). "The Spreading of Disorder" (PDF). Science. 322 (5908): 1681–1685. Bibcode:2008Sci...322.1681K. doi:10.1126/science.1161405. PMID 19023045. S2CID 7881039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
Vilalta, Carlos J.; Lopez, Pablo; Fondevila, Gustavo; Siordia, Oscar (23 December 2019). "Testing Broken Windows Theory in Mexico City". Social Science Quarterly. 101 (2): 558–572. doi:10.1111/ssqu.12760. ISSN 0038-4941. S2CID 213569444.
Massa, Ricardo; Fondevila, Gustavo; Gutiérrez-Meave, Raúl; Bonilla Alguera, Gerardo (2023-07-21). "Clandestine Dumpsites and Crime in Mexico City: Revisiting the Broken Windows Theory". Crime & Delinquency. doi:10.1177/00111287231186083. ISSN 0011-1287. S2CID 260071521.
Plank, Stephen B; Bradshaw, Catherine P; Young, Hollie (1 February 2009). "An Application of "Broken-Windows" and Related Theories to the Study of Disorder, Fear, and Collective Efficacy in Schools". American Journal of Education. 115 (2): 227–47. doi:10.1086/595669. S2CID 146560452.
Braga et al. 2015. Braga, Anthony A.; Welsh, Brandon C.; Schnell, Cory (June 4, 2015). "Can Policing Disorder Reduce Crime? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 52 (4): 567–588. doi:10.1177/0022427815576576. S2CID 76653190.
Thacher, David (2004). "Order Maintenance Reconsidered: Moving beyond Strong Causal Reasoning" (PDF). Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 94 (2): 381–414. doi:10.2307/3491374. JSTOR 3491374. Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2016-01-15.
Harcourt, Bernard; Ludwig, Jens (2007). "Reefer Madness: Broken Windows Policing and Misdemeanor Marijuana Arrests in New York City, 1989–2000" (PDF). Criminology and Public Policy. 6: 165–182. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00427.x. S2CID 19165766. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-27 – via Columbia.edu.
Sampson, Robert J.; Raudenbush, Stephen W (1 November 1999). "Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 105 (3): 603–51. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.691.8356. doi:10.1086/210356. S2CID 35181155. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
Johnson, Bruce D.; Golub, Andrew; McCabe, James (1 February 2010). "The international implications of quality-of-life policing as practiced in New York City". Police Practice and Research. 11 (1): 17–29. doi:10.1080/15614260802586368. PMC 2847857. PMID 20368765.
Roberts, Dorothy (Spring 1999). "Foreword: Race, Vagueness, and the Social Meaning of Order-Maintenance Policing". The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 3. 89 (3): 775–836. doi:10.2307/1144123. JSTOR 1144123. Archived from the original on 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
Stewart 1998. Stewart, Gary (May 1998), "Black Codes and Broken Windows: The Legacy of Racial Hegemony in Anti-Gang Civil Injunctions", The Yale Law Journal, 107 (7): 2249–79, doi:10.2307/797421, JSTOR 797421.
Ansfield, Bench (2020). "The Broken Windows of the Bronx: Putting the Theory in Its Place". American Quarterly. 72 (1): 103–127. doi:10.1353/aq.2020.0005. S2CID 216215841.
Sampson & Raudenbush 2004, p. 320. Sampson, RJ; Raudenbush, SW (2004), "Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of "Broken Windows"", Social Psychology Quarterly, 67 (4): 319–42, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.2220, doi:10.1177/019027250406700401, S2CID 8626641.
Gau, Jacinta M.; Pratt, Travis C. (2010-07-01). "Revisiting Broken Windows Theory: Examining the Sources of the Discriminant Validity of Perceived Disorder and Crime". Journal of Criminal Justice. 38 (4): 758–766. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.05.002. ISSN 0047-2352.
Sampson & Raudenbush 2004. Sampson, RJ; Raudenbush, SW (2004), "Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of "Broken Windows"", Social Psychology Quarterly, 67 (4): 319–42, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.2220, doi:10.1177/019027250406700401, S2CID 8626641.
Donohue, J. J.; Levitt, S. D. (2001). "The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 116 (2): 379–420. doi:10.1162/00335530151144050. SSRN 174508. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-06-07. Retrieved 2012-06-04.

economist.com

"Can the can". The Economist. 2008-11-20. Archived from the original on 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2008-11-24.

fordham.edu

ir.lawnet.fordham.edu

Fagan, Jeffrey; Davies, Garth (2000). "Street Stops and Broken Windows: Terry, Race, and Disorder in New York City". Fordham Urban Law Journal. 28 (2): 457. SSRN 257813. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2020-02-19.

gladwell.com

Gladwell, The tipping point, archived from the original on 2015-07-29, retrieved 2014-03-03.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Herbert & Brown 2006. Herbert, Steve; Brown, Elizabeth (September 2006), "Conceptions of Space and Crime in the Punitive Neoliberal City", Antipode, 38 (4): 755–77, Bibcode:2006Antip..38..755H, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2006.00475.x.
Jefferson, Brian Jordan (16 October 2016). "Broken Windows Policing and Constructions of Space and Crime: Flatbush, Brooklyn". Antipode. 48 (5): 1270–1291. Bibcode:2016Antip..48.1270J. doi:10.1111/anti.12240. ISSN 0066-4812.
Keizer, K; Lindenberg, S; Steg, L (2008). "The Spreading of Disorder" (PDF). Science. 322 (5908): 1681–1685. Bibcode:2008Sci...322.1681K. doi:10.1126/science.1161405. PMID 19023045. S2CID 7881039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-08-16.

jstor.org

Sridhar, C.R. (13–19 May 2006). "Broken Windows and Zero Tolerance: Policing Urban Crimes". Economic and Political Weekly. 41 (19): 1841–43. JSTOR 4418196.
Corman, Hope; Mocan, Naci (2005). "Carrots, Sticks, and Broken Windows". The Journal of Law and Economics. 48 (1): 235–266. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.486.9721. doi:10.1086/425594. JSTOR 10.1086/425594. S2CID 30448467.
Harcourt, Bernard E.; Ludwig, Jens (2006). "Broken Windows: New Evidence from New York City and a Five-City Social Experiment". The University of Chicago Law Review. 73 (1): 271–320. JSTOR 4495553. SSRN 743284. Archived from the original on 2020-02-25. Retrieved 2020-02-19.
Thacher, David (2004). "Order Maintenance Reconsidered: Moving beyond Strong Causal Reasoning" (PDF). Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 94 (2): 381–414. doi:10.2307/3491374. JSTOR 3491374. Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2016-01-15.
Roberts, Dorothy (Spring 1999). "Foreword: Race, Vagueness, and the Social Meaning of Order-Maintenance Policing". The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 3. 89 (3): 775–836. doi:10.2307/1144123. JSTOR 1144123. Archived from the original on 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
Stewart 1998. Stewart, Gary (May 1998), "Black Codes and Broken Windows: The Legacy of Racial Hegemony in Anti-Gang Civil Injunctions", The Yale Law Journal, 107 (7): 2249–79, doi:10.2307/797421, JSTOR 797421.

motherjones.com

America's Real Criminal Element: Lead Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, Mother Jones, January/February 2013 Issue, Kevin Drum

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"U.S. Department of Transportation – NHTSA – Albuquerque Police Department's Safe Street Program". 2015-03-28. Archived from the original on 2015-03-28. Retrieved 2019-10-22.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sullivan, Christopher M.; O'Keeffe, Zachary P. (2017-09-25). "Evidence that curtailing proactive policing can reduce major crime". Nature Human Behaviour. 1 (10): 730–737. doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0211-5. ISSN 2397-3374. PMID 31024103. S2CID 19223955.
Keizer, K; Lindenberg, S; Steg, L (2008). "The Spreading of Disorder" (PDF). Science. 322 (5908): 1681–1685. Bibcode:2008Sci...322.1681K. doi:10.1126/science.1161405. PMID 19023045. S2CID 7881039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
Johnson, Bruce D.; Golub, Andrew; McCabe, James (1 February 2010). "The international implications of quality-of-life policing as practiced in New York City". Police Practice and Research. 11 (1): 17–29. doi:10.1080/15614260802586368. PMC 2847857. PMID 20368765.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Johnson, Bruce D.; Golub, Andrew; McCabe, James (1 February 2010). "The international implications of quality-of-life policing as practiced in New York City". Police Practice and Research. 11 (1): 17–29. doi:10.1080/15614260802586368. PMC 2847857. PMID 20368765.

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news.northeastern.edu

"New research challenges 'broken windows theory' of crime prediction". 3 September 2015. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.

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scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu

Thacher, David (2004). "Order Maintenance Reconsidered: Moving beyond Strong Causal Reasoning" (PDF). Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 94 (2): 381–414. doi:10.2307/3491374. JSTOR 3491374. Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2016-01-15.

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Maloney, Alli (September 29, 2015). "When police turn violent, activists Brittany Packnett and Johnetta Elzie push back". The New York Times. Women in the World. Archived from the original on December 19, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2016.

nytimes.com

Williams, Timothy; Goldstein, Joseph (11 August 2016). "In Baltimore Report, Justice Dept. Revives Doubts About Zero-Tolerance Policing". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-05.

openlibrary.org

Jacobs 1961, pp. 34–35. Jacobs, Jane (1961), The Death and Life of Great American Cities, New York: Random House, OL 5820238M.
Jacobs 1961, pp. 29, 378. Jacobs, Jane (1961), The Death and Life of Great American Cities, New York: Random House, OL 5820238M.

pbs.org

Childress, Sarah (28 June 2016). "The Problem with Broken Windows Policing". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). PBS Frontline. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.

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Sampson & Raudenbush 2004, p. 319. Sampson, RJ; Raudenbush, SW (2004), "Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of "Broken Windows"", Social Psychology Quarterly, 67 (4): 319–42, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.2220, doi:10.1177/019027250406700401, S2CID 8626641.
Corman, Hope; Mocan, Naci (2005). "Carrots, Sticks, and Broken Windows". The Journal of Law and Economics. 48 (1): 235–266. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.486.9721. doi:10.1086/425594. JSTOR 10.1086/425594. S2CID 30448467.
Sampson, Robert J.; Raudenbush, Stephen W (1 November 1999). "Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 105 (3): 603–51. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.691.8356. doi:10.1086/210356. S2CID 35181155. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
Sampson & Raudenbush 2004, p. 320. Sampson, RJ; Raudenbush, SW (2004), "Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of "Broken Windows"", Social Psychology Quarterly, 67 (4): 319–42, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.2220, doi:10.1177/019027250406700401, S2CID 8626641.
Sampson & Raudenbush 2004. Sampson, RJ; Raudenbush, SW (2004), "Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of "Broken Windows"", Social Psychology Quarterly, 67 (4): 319–42, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.2220, doi:10.1177/019027250406700401, S2CID 8626641.

realtytimes.com

Hunt, Bob. "'Broken Windws' Theory Can Be Applied To Real Estate Regulation". realtytimes.com – Realty Times. Archived from the original on 2020-02-25. Retrieved 2019-11-19.

ricknevin.com

Lucifer Curves Archived February 25, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Rick Nevin, 22 Feb 2015

rug.nl

pure.rug.nl

Keizer, K; Lindenberg, S; Steg, L (2008). "The Spreading of Disorder" (PDF). Science. 322 (5908): 1681–1685. Bibcode:2008Sci...322.1681K. doi:10.1126/science.1161405. PMID 19023045. S2CID 7881039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-08-16.

rutgers.edu

crab.rutgers.edu

Sampson, Robert J.; Raudenbush, Stephen W (1 November 1999). "Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 105 (3): 603–51. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.691.8356. doi:10.1086/210356. S2CID 35181155. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2018.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Massa, Ricardo; Fondevila, Gustavo; Gutiérrez-Meave, Raúl; Bonilla Alguera, Gerardo (2023-07-21). "Clandestine Dumpsites and Crime in Mexico City: Revisiting the Broken Windows Theory". Crime & Delinquency. doi:10.1177/00111287231186083. ISSN 0011-1287. S2CID 260071521.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Wilcox et al. 2004, p. 186. Wilcox, P; Quisenberry, N; Cabrera, DT; Jones, S (2004), "Busy places & broken windows?: Toward Defining the Role of Physical Structure and Process in Community Crime Models", Sociological Quarterly, 45 (2): 185–207, doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb00009.x, S2CID 145187908.
Wilcox et al. 2004, p. 187. Wilcox, P; Quisenberry, N; Cabrera, DT; Jones, S (2004), "Busy places & broken windows?: Toward Defining the Role of Physical Structure and Process in Community Crime Models", Sociological Quarterly, 45 (2): 185–207, doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb00009.x, S2CID 145187908.
Sampson & Raudenbush 2004, p. 319. Sampson, RJ; Raudenbush, SW (2004), "Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of "Broken Windows"", Social Psychology Quarterly, 67 (4): 319–42, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.2220, doi:10.1177/019027250406700401, S2CID 8626641.
Ranasinghe 2012, p. 65. Ranasinghe, P (2012), "Jane Jacobs' framing of public disorder and its relation to the 'broken windows' theory", Theoretical Criminology, 16 (1): 63–84, doi:10.1177/1362480611406947, S2CID 144274542.
Ranasinghe 2012, p. 67. Ranasinghe, P (2012), "Jane Jacobs' framing of public disorder and its relation to the 'broken windows' theory", Theoretical Criminology, 16 (1): 63–84, doi:10.1177/1362480611406947, S2CID 144274542.
Ranasinghe 2012, p. 68. Ranasinghe, P (2012), "Jane Jacobs' framing of public disorder and its relation to the 'broken windows' theory", Theoretical Criminology, 16 (1): 63–84, doi:10.1177/1362480611406947, S2CID 144274542.
Ranasinghe 2012, p. 72. Ranasinghe, P (2012), "Jane Jacobs' framing of public disorder and its relation to the 'broken windows' theory", Theoretical Criminology, 16 (1): 63–84, doi:10.1177/1362480611406947, S2CID 144274542.
Corman, Hope; Mocan, Naci (2005). "Carrots, Sticks, and Broken Windows". The Journal of Law and Economics. 48 (1): 235–266. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.486.9721. doi:10.1086/425594. JSTOR 10.1086/425594. S2CID 30448467.
Sullivan, Christopher M.; O'Keeffe, Zachary P. (2017-09-25). "Evidence that curtailing proactive policing can reduce major crime". Nature Human Behaviour. 1 (10): 730–737. doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0211-5. ISSN 2397-3374. PMID 31024103. S2CID 19223955.
Keizer, K; Lindenberg, S; Steg, L (2008). "The Spreading of Disorder" (PDF). Science. 322 (5908): 1681–1685. Bibcode:2008Sci...322.1681K. doi:10.1126/science.1161405. PMID 19023045. S2CID 7881039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
Vilalta, Carlos J.; Lopez, Pablo; Fondevila, Gustavo; Siordia, Oscar (23 December 2019). "Testing Broken Windows Theory in Mexico City". Social Science Quarterly. 101 (2): 558–572. doi:10.1111/ssqu.12760. ISSN 0038-4941. S2CID 213569444.
Massa, Ricardo; Fondevila, Gustavo; Gutiérrez-Meave, Raúl; Bonilla Alguera, Gerardo (2023-07-21). "Clandestine Dumpsites and Crime in Mexico City: Revisiting the Broken Windows Theory". Crime & Delinquency. doi:10.1177/00111287231186083. ISSN 0011-1287. S2CID 260071521.
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