Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bureaucracy" in English language version.
Palace scribes recorded the activities of kings and the affairs of kingdoms in ancient Mesopotamia. Scribes served a variety of administrative functions, including arrangement and storage of texts [...], collection of taxes and supervision of workers, and supervision of public buildings such as granaries. [...] Scribes associated with the temple were not officiants in the temple cult. They functioned largely in administrative and bureaucratic roles. They received incoming staples for the temple, including commodities such as grain, fish, wool, and silver. They traveled to various cities to fulfill official duties, such as the purchase of grain for the temple complex.
the government of imperial China still seems in many ways curiously modern and familiar. Bureaucratically organized, and dominated by a graded civil service led by men selected through competitive examinations, it was both a model for a precursor of the complex administrations of our modern world.
1. A rigid division of labor is in place for the purpose of performing regular daily tasks as official duties in the functioning of the bureaucratically governed system.
2. In order to fulfill these duties the necessary chains of command are firmly established and divided up [among the Beamte], and their capacity to coerce (physical, sacred, or other) is firmly restricted by regulation.
3. Regular and continuous fulfillment of these assigned duties, and the execution of respective rights is systematically secured by hiring people with certified qualifications.
These three aspects constitute the essence of bureaucratic administration of a Behoerde in the public sector.
Definition of bureaucracy [:] [...] 1a: a body of nonelected government officials
b: an administrative policy-making group
As many countries in Europe industrialised their economy and liberalised their political structure, Russia was bound by the conservative nature of the Tsarist regime. The economic, social and political tensions that emerged in the late 19th century led to revolution in the 20th century.
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