A. L. Frothingham (1916). "Babylonian Origin of Hermes the Snake-God, and of the Caduceus I". American Journal of Archaeology. 20, No. 2 (April–June, 1916) (2): 175–211. doi:10.2307/497115. JSTOR497115. Frothingham characterizes Farnell's simplistic view of the origin of the symbol as a "frivolous and futile theory".
A. L. Frothingham (1916). "Babylonian Origin of Hermes the Snake-God, and of the Caduceus I". American Journal of Archaeology. 20, No. 2 (April–June, 1916) (2): 175–211. doi:10.2307/497115. JSTOR497115. Frothingham characterizes Farnell's simplistic view of the origin of the symbol as a "frivolous and futile theory".