References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Cao Cao" in the English version

jstor.org

Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Cong Ellen Zhang; Ping Yao, eds. (2023). "Military Men Touting Their Merits: Essays by Cao Cao 曹操 (155–220) and His Son Cao Pi 曹丕 (187–226)". Chinese Autobiographical Writing: An Anthology of Personal Accounts. University of Washington Press. pp. 59–66. ISBN 9780295751221. JSTOR j.ctv369c5z3.14.

wikipedia.org

zh.wikipedia.org

Chen and Pei 429, p. i Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.

Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).

Chen and Pei 429, 1.1: "太祖武皇帝，沛國譙人也，姓曹，諱操，字孟德，漢相國參之後。桓帝世，曹騰為中常侍大長秋，封費亭侯。養子嵩嗣，官至太尉，莫能審其生出本末。嵩生太祖。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
- Chen and Pei 429, 1.2: "太祖少機警，有權數，而任俠放蕩，不治行業，故世人未之奇也". Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
  - Chen and Pei 429, 1.2: "惟梁國橋玄、南陽何顒異焉。玄謂太祖曰：「天下將亂，非命世之才不能濟也，能安之者，其在君乎！」" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
    - Chen and Pei 429, 1.2: "年二十，舉孝廉為郎，除洛陽北部尉，遷頓丘令。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
      - Chen and Pei 429, 1.2: "徵拜議郎。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.3–4: "光和末，黃巾起。拜騎都尉，討潁川賊。遷為濟南相，國有十餘縣，長吏多阿附貴戚，贓污狼藉，於是奏免其八；禁斷淫祀，姦宄逃竄，郡界肅然。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.4: "久之，徵還為東郡太守；不就，稱疾歸鄉里。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.4: "頃之，冀州刺史王芬、南陽許攸、沛國周旌等連結豪傑，謀廢靈帝，立合肥侯，以告太祖，太祖拒之。芬等遂敗。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.5: "金城邊章、韓遂殺刺史郡守以叛，衆十餘萬，天下騷動。徵太祖為典軍校尉。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.5: "會靈帝崩，太子即位，太后臨朝。大將軍何進與袁紹謀誅宦官，太后不聽。進乃召董卓，欲以脅太后". Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.5: "卓未至而進見殺。卓到，廢帝為弘農王而立獻帝". Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.5: "卓表太祖為驍騎校尉，欲與計事。太祖乃變易姓名，間行東歸。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.5: "出關，過中牟，為亭長所疑，執詣縣，邑中或竊識之，為請得解。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.5: "卓遂殺太后及弘農王。太祖至陳留，散家財，合義兵，將以誅卓。冬十二月，始起兵於己吾，是歲中平六年也。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.6: "初平元年春正月 ...衆各數萬，推紹為盟主。太祖行奮武將軍。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.7–8: "太祖到酸棗，諸軍兵十餘萬，日置酒高會，不圖進取。太祖責讓之，因為謀曰：「諸君聽吾計，使勃海引河內之衆臨孟津，酸棗諸將守成臯，據敖倉，塞轘轅、太谷，全制其險；使袁將軍率南陽之軍軍丹、析，入武關，以震三輔：皆高壘深壁，勿與戰，益為疑兵，示天下形勢，以順誅逆，可立定也。今兵以義動，持疑而不進，失天下之望，竊為諸君耻之！」邈等不能用。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.8: "太祖兵少，乃與夏侯惇等詣揚州募兵，刺史陳溫、丹楊太守周昕與兵四千餘人。還到龍亢，士卒多叛。至銍、建平，復收兵得千餘人，進屯河內。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.8: "袁紹與韓馥謀立幽州牧劉虞為帝，太祖拒之。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.8: "紹又嘗得一玉印，於太祖坐中舉向其肘，太祖由是笑而惡焉。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.8–9: "黑山賊于毒、白繞、眭固等十餘萬衆略魏郡、東郡，王肱不能禦，太祖引兵入東郡，擊白繞于濮陽，破之。袁紹因表太祖為東郡太守，治東武陽。 ...太祖要擊眭固，又擊匈奴於夫羅於內黃，皆大破之。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.9–10: "青州黃巾衆百萬入兖州，...信乃與州吏萬潛等至東郡迎太祖領兖州牧。遂進兵擊黃巾于壽張東。 ...追黃巾至濟北。乞降。冬，受降卒三十餘萬，男女百餘萬口，收其精銳者，號為青州兵。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.10: "袁術與紹有隙，術求援於公孫瓚，瓚使劉備屯高唐，單經屯平原，陶謙屯發干，以逼紹。太祖與紹會擊，皆破之。四年春，軍鄄城。荊州牧劉表斷術糧道，術引軍入陳留，屯封丘，黑山餘賊及於夫羅等佐之。術使將劉詳屯匡亭。太祖擊詳，術救之，與戰，大破之。術退保封丘，遂圍之，未合，術走襄邑，追到太壽，決渠水灌城。走寧陵，又追之，走九江。夏，太祖還軍定陶。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.10: "下邳闕宣聚衆數千人，自稱天子；徐州牧陶謙與共舉兵，取泰山華、費，略任城。秋，太祖征陶謙，下十餘城，謙守城不敢出。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.11: "初，太祖父嵩去官後還譙...爲陶謙所害，故太祖志在復讎東伐。夏...復征陶謙，拔五城，遂略地至東海。還過郯，謙將曹豹與劉備屯郯東，要太祖。太祖擊破之，遂攻拔襄賁，所過多所殘戮。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 8.249 Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.11–12: "布出兵戰，先以騎犯青州兵。青州兵奔，太祖陳亂馳突火出，墜馬，燒左手掌。司馬樓異扶太祖上馬，遂引去。 ...與布相守百餘日。蝗蟲起，百姓大餓，布糧食亦盡，各引去。". Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.12: "布復從東緍與陳宮將萬餘人來戰，時太祖兵少，設伏，縱奇兵擊，大破之。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.11–12: "會張邈與陳宮叛迎呂布，郡縣皆應。 ...布夜走，太祖復攻，拔定陶，分兵平諸縣。布東奔劉備 ...冬十月，天子拜太祖兖州牧。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.15: "袁術欲稱帝於淮南，使人告呂布。布收其使，上其書。術怒，攻布，為布所破。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.16: "呂布復為袁術使高順攻劉備，公遣夏侯惇救之，不利。備為順所敗。九月，公東征布。 ...月餘，布將宋憲、魏續等執陳宮，舉城降，生禽布、宮，皆殺之。太山臧霸、孫觀、吳敦、尹禮、昌豨各聚衆。布之破劉備也，霸等悉從布。布敗，獲霸等，公厚納待，遂割青、徐二州附於海以委焉，分琅邪、東海、北海為城陽、利城、昌慮郡。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.13: "太祖將迎天子，諸將或疑，荀彧、程昱勸之，乃遣曹洪將兵西迎，衞將軍董承與袁術將萇奴拒險，洪不得進。汝南、潁川黃巾何儀、劉辟、黃邵、何曼等，衆各數萬，初應袁術，又附孫堅。二月，太祖進軍討破之，斬辟、邵等，儀及其衆皆降。天子拜太祖建德將軍，夏六月，遷鎮東將軍，封費亭侯。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.13: "秋七月，楊奉、韓暹以天子還洛陽，奉別屯梁。太祖遂至洛陽，衞京都，暹遁走。天子假太祖節鉞，錄尚書事。洛陽殘破，董昭等勸太祖都許。九月，車駕出轘轅而東，以太祖為大將軍，封武平侯。自天子西遷，朝廷日亂，至是宗廟社稷制度始立。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.13: "於是以袁紹為太尉，紹恥班在公下，不肯受。公乃固辭，以大將軍讓紹。天子拜公司空，行車騎將軍。是歲用棗祗、韓浩等議，始興屯田。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.14–17: "二年春正月，公到宛。張繡降，旣而悔之，復反。公與戰，軍敗，為流矢所中，長子昂、弟子安民遇害。 ...冬十一月，公自南征，至宛。 ...湖陽降。攻舞陰，下之。 ...公將引還，繡兵來追，公軍不得進，連營稍前。 ...會明，賊謂公為遁也，悉軍來追。乃縱奇兵步騎夾攻，大破之。秋七月，公還許。 ...冬十一月，張繡率衆降，封列侯。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.15, 19: "秋九月，術侵陳，公東征之。術聞公自來，棄軍走，留其將橋蕤、李豐、梁綱、樂就；公到，擊破蕤等，皆斬之。術走渡淮。公還許。 ...袁術自敗於陳，稍困，袁譚自青州遣迎之。術欲從下邳北過，公遣劉備、朱靈要之。會術病死。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.17: "是時袁紹旣并公孫瓚，兼四州之地，衆十餘萬，將進軍攻許... 秋八月，公進軍黎陽，使臧霸等入青州破齊、北海、東安，留于禁屯河上。九月，公還許，分兵守官渡。 ...十二月，公軍官渡。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.18: "程昱、郭嘉聞公遣備，言於公曰：「劉備不可縱。」公悔，追之不及。備之未東也，陰與董承等謀反，至下邳，遂殺徐州刺史車冑，舉兵屯沛。遣劉岱、王忠擊之，不克。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.18: "五年春正月，董承等謀泄，皆伏誅。公將自東征備，諸將皆曰：「與公爭天下者，袁紹也。今紹方來而棄之東，紹乘人後，若何？」公曰：「夫劉備，人傑也，今不擊，必為後患。袁紹雖有大志，而見事遟，必不動也。」郭嘉亦勸公，遂東擊備，破之... 公還官渡，紹卒不出。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 17.523 Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.19: "二月，紹遣郭圖、淳于瓊、顏良攻東郡太守劉延於白馬，紹引兵至黎陽，將渡河。夏四月，公北救延。 ...公乃引軍兼行趣白馬，未至十餘里，良大驚，來逆戰。使張遼、關羽前登，擊破，斬良。遂解白馬圍，徙其民，循河而西。紹於是渡河追公軍，至延津南。 ...時騎不滿六百，遂縱兵擊，大破之，斬醜、良。醜、良皆紹名將也，再戰，悉禽，紹軍大震。公還軍官渡。紹進保陽武。關羽亡歸劉備。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.20–21: "孫策聞公與紹相持，乃謀襲許，未發，為刺客所殺。汝南降賊劉辟等叛應紹，略許下。紹使劉備助辟，公使曹仁擊破之。備走，遂破辟屯。袁紹運穀車數千乘至，公用荀攸計，遣徐晃、史渙邀擊，大破之，盡燒其車。公與紹相拒連月，雖比戰斬將，然衆少糧盡，士卒疲乏。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.21: "公謂運者曰：「却十五日為汝破紹，不復勞汝矣。」冬十月，紹遣車運穀，使淳于瓊等五人將兵萬餘人送之，宿紹營北四十里。紹謀臣許攸貪財，紹不能足，來奔，因說公擊瓊等。左右疑之，荀攸、賈詡勸公。公乃留曹洪守，自將步騎五千人夜往，會明至。瓊等望見公兵少，出陳門外。公急擊之，瓊退保營，遂攻之。紹遣騎救瓊。左右或言「賊騎稍近，請分兵拒之」。公怒曰：「賊在背後，乃白！」士卒皆殊死戰，大破瓊等，皆斬之。紹初聞公之擊瓊，謂長子譚曰：「就彼攻瓊等，吾攻拔其營，彼固無所歸矣！」乃使張郃、高覽攻曹洪。郃等聞瓊破，遂來降。紹衆大潰，紹及譚棄軍走，渡河。追之不及，盡收其輜重圖書珍寶，虜其衆。公收紹書中，得許下及軍中人書，皆焚之。冀州諸郡多舉城邑降者。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 32.876: "紹遣先主將本兵復至汝南，與賊龔都等合，眾數千人。曹公遣蔡陽擊之，為先主所殺。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.22: "六年夏四月，揚兵河上，擊紹倉亭軍，破之。紹歸，復收散卒，攻定諸叛郡縣。九月，公還許。紹之未破也，使劉備略汝南，汝南賊共都等應之。遣蔡揚擊都，不利，為都所破。公南征備。備聞公自行，走奔劉表，都等皆散。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.22–23: "七年春正月，公軍譙，令曰：「吾起義兵，爲天下除暴亂。舊土人民，死喪略盡，國中終日行，不見所識，使吾悽愴傷懷。其舉義兵已來，將士絕無後者，求其親戚以後之，授上田，官給耕牛，置學師以教之。爲存者立廟，使祀其先人，魂而有靈，吾百年之後何恨哉！」" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.23: "紹自軍破後，發病歐血，夏五月死。小子尚代，譚自號車騎將軍，屯黎陽。秋九月，公征之，連戰。譚、尚數敗退，固守。八年春三月，攻其郭，乃出戰，擊，大破之，譚、尚夜遁。夏四月，進軍鄴。五月還許，留賈信屯黎陽。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.24: "秋七月，令曰：「...其令郡國各修文學，縣滿五百戶置校官，選其鄉之俊造而教學之...」" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.24–26: "八月，公征劉表，軍西平。公之去鄴而南也，譚、尚爭冀州，譚為尚所敗，走保平原。尚攻之急，譚遣辛毗乞降請救。諸將皆疑，荀攸勸公許之，公乃引軍還。冬十月，到黎陽，為子整與譚結婚。 ...九年春正月，濟河，遏淇水入白溝以通糧道。二月，尚復攻譚，留蘇由、審配守鄴。 ...八月，審配兄子榮夜開所守城東門內兵。配逆戰，敗，生禽配，斬之，鄴定。公臨祀紹墓，哭之流涕；慰勞紹妻，還其家人寶物，賜雜繒絮，廩食之。 ...九月，令曰：「河北罹袁氏之難，其令無出今年租賦！」重豪彊兼幷之法，百姓喜恱。天子以公領冀州牧，公讓還兖州。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.26–27: "公之圍鄴也，譚略取甘陵、安平、勃海、河閒。尚敗，還中山。譚攻之，尚奔故安，遂幷其衆。公遺譚書，責以負約，與之絕婚，女還，然後進軍。譚懼，拔平原，走保南皮。十二月，公入平原，略定諸縣。十年春正月，攻譚，破之，斬譚，誅其妻子，冀州平。 ...是月，袁熙大將焦觸、張南等叛攻熙、尚，熙、尚奔三郡烏丸。觸等舉其縣降，封為列侯。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.28: "初，袁紹以甥高幹領幷州牧，公之拔鄴，幹降，遂以為刺史。幹聞公討烏丸，乃以州叛，執上黨太守，舉兵守壺關口。遣樂進、李典擊之，幹還守壺關城。十一年春正月，公征幹。幹聞之，乃留其別將守城，走入匈奴，求救於單于，單于不受。公圍壺關三月，拔之。幹遂走荊州，上洛都尉王琰捕斬之。秋八月，公東征海賊管承，至淳于，遣樂進、李典擊破之，承走入海島。割東海之襄賁、郯、戚以益瑯邪，省昌慮郡。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.27: "夏四月，黑山賊張燕率其衆十餘萬降，封為列侯。故安趙犢、霍奴等殺幽州刺史、涿郡太守。三郡烏丸攻鮮于輔於獷平。秋八月，公征之，斬犢等，乃渡潞河救獷平，烏丸奔走出塞。 ...冬十月，公還鄴。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.28: "三郡烏丸承天下亂，破幽州，略有漢民合十餘萬戶。袁紹皆立其酋豪為單于，以家人子為己女，妻焉。遼西單于蹋頓尤彊，為紹所厚，故尚兄弟歸之，數入塞為害。公將征之，鑿渠，自呼沲入泒水，名平虜渠；又從泃河口鑿入潞河，名泉州渠，以通海。"
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.29–30: "將北征三郡烏丸， ...八月，登白狼山，卒與虜遇，衆甚盛。公車重在後，被甲者少，左右皆懼。公登高，望虜陳不整，乃縱兵擊之，使張遼為先鋒，虜衆大崩，斬蹋頓及名王已下，胡、漢降者二十餘萬口。遼東單于速僕丸及遼西、北平諸豪，棄其種人，與尚、熙奔遼東，衆尚有數千騎。初，遼東太守公孫康恃遠不服。及公破烏丸，或說公遂征之，尚兄弟可禽也。公曰：「吾方使康斬送尚、熙首，不煩兵矣。」九月，公引兵自柳城還，康即斬尚、熙及速僕丸等，傳其首。諸將或問：「公還而康斬送尚、熙，何也？」公曰：「彼素畏尚等，吾急之則幷力，緩之則自相圖，其勢然也。」十一月至易水，代郡烏丸行單于普富盧、上郡烏丸行單于那樓將其名王來賀。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.28: "於是大封功臣二十餘人，皆爲列侯，其餘各以次受封。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.30: "十三年春正月，公還鄴，作玄武池以肄舟師。漢罷三公官，置丞相、御史大夫。夏六月，以公為丞相。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 32.878: "曹公以江陵有軍實，恐先主據之，乃釋輜重，輕軍到襄陽。聞先主已過，曹公將精騎五千急追之，一日一夜行三百餘里，及於當陽之長坂。先主棄妻子，與諸葛亮、張飛、趙雲等數十騎走，曹公大獲其人衆輜重。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.30: "秋七月，公南征劉表。八月，表卒，其子琮代，屯襄陽，劉備屯樊。九月，公到新野，琮遂降，備走夏口。公進軍江陵，下令荊州吏民，與之更始。乃論荊州服從之功，侯者十五人，以劉表大將文聘為江夏太守，使統本兵，引用荊州名士韓嵩、鄧義等。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.30–31: "益州牧劉璋始受徵役，遣兵給軍。十二月，孫權為備攻合肥。公自江陵征備，至巴丘，遣張憙救合肥。權聞憙至，乃走。公至赤壁，與備戰，不利。於是大疫，吏士多死者，乃引軍還。備遂有荊州、江南諸郡。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.32: "十四年春三月，軍至譙，作輕舟，治水軍。秋七月，自渦入淮，出肥水，軍合肥。辛未，令曰：「自頃已來，軍數征行，或遇疫氣，吏士死亡不歸，家室怨曠，百姓流離，而仁者豈樂之哉？不得已也。其令死者家無基業不能自存者，縣官勿絕廩，長吏存恤撫循，以稱吾意。」置揚州郡縣長吏，開芍陂屯田。十二月，軍還譙。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.32: "[十五年]冬，作銅爵臺。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.34: "十六年春正月，天子命公世子丕為五官中郎將，置官屬，為丞相副。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.34: "太原商曜等以大陵叛，遣夏侯淵、徐晃圍破之。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.34: "張魯據漢中，三月，遣鍾繇討之。公使淵等出河東與繇會。是時關中諸將疑繇欲自襲，馬超遂與韓遂、楊秋、李堪、成宜等叛。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.34: "公自潼關北渡，未濟，超赴船急戰。校尉丁斐因放牛馬以餌賊，賊亂取牛馬，公乃得渡，循河爲甬道而南。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.34–35: "九月，進軍渡渭。 ...超等數挑戰，又不許；固請割地，求送任子，公用賈詡計，偽許之。 ...韓遂請與公相見，公與遂父同歲孝廉，又與遂同時儕輩，於是交馬語移時，不及軍事，但說京都舊故，拊手歡笑。旣罷，超等問遂：「公何言？」遂曰：「無所言也。」超等疑之。 ...他日，公又與遂書，多所點竄，如遂改定者；超等愈疑遂。公乃與克日會戰，先以輕兵挑之，戰良久，乃縱虎騎夾擊，大破之，斬成宜、李堪等。遂、超等走涼州，楊秋奔安定，關中平。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.36: "冬十月，軍自長安北征楊秋，圍安定。秋降... 十二月，自安定還，留夏侯淵屯長安。... 馬超餘衆梁興等屯藍田，使夏侯淵擊平之。"
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.42: "馬超在漢陽，復因羌、胡為害，氐王千萬叛應超，屯興國。使夏侯淵討之。十九年春正月... 南安趙衢、漢陽尹奉等討超，梟其妻子，超奔漢中。韓遂徙金城，入氐王千萬部，率羌、胡萬餘騎與夏侯淵戰，擊，大破之，遂走西平。淵與諸將攻興國，屠之。省安東、永陽郡。"
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.44: "初，隴西宋建自稱河首平漢王，聚衆枹罕，改元，置百官，三十餘年。遣夏侯淵自興國討之。冬十月，屠枹罕，斬建，涼州平。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.37: "[十七年]冬十月，公征孫權。十八年春正月，進軍濡須口，攻破權江西營，獲權都督公孫陽，乃引軍還。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.43–45: "[十九年]秋七月，公征孫權。 ...公自合肥還。 ...[二十年]八月，孫權圍合肥，張遼、李典擊破之。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.49: "[二十一年]冬十月，治兵，遂征孫權，十一月至譙。二十二年春正月，王軍居巢，二月，進軍屯江西郝谿。權在濡須口築城拒守，遂逼攻之，權退走。三月，王引軍還，留夏侯惇、曹仁、張遼等屯居巢。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.45: "[二十年]三月，公西征張魯，至陳倉，將自武都入氐；氐人塞道，先遣張郃、朱靈等攻破之。夏四月，公自陳倉以出散關，至河池。氐王竇茂衆萬餘人，恃險不服，五月，公攻屠之。西平、金城諸將麴演、蔣石等共斬送韓遂首。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.45: "秋七月，公至陽平。張魯使弟衞與將楊昂等據陽平關，橫山築城十餘里，攻之不能拔，乃引軍還。賊見大軍退，其守備解散。公乃密遣解忄剽、高祚等乘險夜襲，大破之，斬其將楊任，進攻衞，衞等夜遁，魯潰奔巴中。公軍入南鄭，盡得魯府庫珍寶。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.45–46: "巴、漢皆降。復漢寧郡為漢中；分漢中之安陽、西城為西城郡，置太守；分錫、上庸郡，置都尉。 ...九月，巴七姓夷王朴胡、賨邑侯杜濩舉巴夷、賨民來附，於是分巴郡，以胡為巴東太守，濩為巴西太守，皆封列侯。天子命公承制封拜諸侯守相。 ...十一月，魯自巴中將其餘衆降。封魯及五子皆為列侯。劉備襲劉璋，取益州，遂據巴中；遣張郃擊之。十二月，公自南鄭還，留夏侯淵屯漢中。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.50–51: "[二十二年冬] 劉備遣張飛、馬超、吳蘭等屯下辯；遣曹洪拒之。二十三年春... 曹洪破吳蘭，斬其將任夔等。三月，張飛、馬超走漢中，陰平氐強端斬吳蘭，傳其首。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.51–52: "秋七月，治兵，遂西征劉備，九月，至長安。 ...夏侯淵與劉備戰於陽平，為備所殺。三月，王自長安出斜谷，軍遮要以臨漢中，遂至陽平。備因險拒守。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.52: "夏五月，引軍還長安。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.52: "秋七月， ...遣于禁助曹仁擊關羽。八月，漢水溢，灌禁軍，軍沒，羽獲禁，遂圍仁。使徐晃救之。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 36.941: "曹公議徙許都以避其銳，司馬宣王、蔣濟以為關羽得志，孫權必不願也。可遣人勸權躡其後，許割江南以封權，則樊圍自解。曹公從之。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.52: "冬十月，軍還洛陽。 ...孫權遣使上書，以討關羽自效。王自洛陽南征羽，未至，晃攻羽，破之，羽走，仁圍解。王軍摩陂。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.53: "二十五年春正月，至洛陽。權擊斬羽，傳其首。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.36: "[建安]十七年春正月，公還鄴。天子命公贊拜不名，入朝不趨，劔履上殿，如蕭何故事。 ...割河內之蕩陰、朝歌、林慮，東郡之衞國、頓丘、東武陽、發干，鉅鹿之廮陶、曲周、南和，廣平之任城，趙之襄國、邯鄲、易陽以益魏郡。" The 1st month of the 17th year of Jian'an corresponds to 20 Feb to 20 Mar 212 in the Julian calendar. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.37: "十八年春正月... 詔書幷十四州，復為九州。夏四月，至鄴。五月丙申，天子使御史大夫郗慮持節策命公為魏公".
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.42: "秋七月，始建魏社稷宗廟。天子娉公三女為貴人，少者待年于國。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.42: "九月，作金虎臺，鑿渠引漳水入白溝以通河。冬十月，分魏郡為東西部，置都尉。十一月，初置尚書、侍中、六卿。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.42–43: "十九年春正月，始耕籍田。 ...[十九年]三月，天子使魏公位在諸侯王上，改授金璽，赤紱、遠遊冠。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.44: "[十九年]十一月，漢皇后伏氏坐昔與父故屯騎校尉完書，云帝以董承被誅怨恨公，辭甚醜惡，發聞，后廢黜死，兄弟皆伏法。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.44: "十二月，公至孟津。天子命公置旄頭，宮殿設鍾虡。...於是置理曹掾屬。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.45–46: "二十年春正月，天子立公中女為皇后。省雲中、定襄、五原、朔方郡，郡置一縣領其民，合以為新興郡。 ...[二十年]冬十月，始置名號侯至五大夫，與舊列侯、關內侯凡六等，以賞軍功。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.47: "二十一年春二月，公還鄴。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.47: "三月壬寅，公親耕籍田。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.47: "夏五月，天子進公爵為魏王。代郡烏丸行單于普富盧與其侯王來朝。天子命王女為公主，食湯沐邑。秋七月，匈奴南單于呼廚泉將其名王來朝，待以客禮，遂留魏，使右賢王去卑監其國。八月，以大理鍾繇為相國。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.49: "[二十二年]夏四月，天子命王設天子旌旗，出入稱警蹕。五月，作泮宮。六月，以軍師華歆為御史大夫。冬十月，天子命王冕十有二旒，乘金根車，駕六馬，設五時副車，以五官中郎將丕為魏太子。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.50: "二十三年春正月，漢太醫令吉本與少府耿紀、司直韋晃等反，攻許，燒丞相長史王必營，必與潁川典農中郎將嚴匡討斬之。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.52: "秋七月，以夫人卞氏為王后。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.53: "遺令曰：「天下尚未安定，未得遵古也。葬畢，皆除服。其將兵屯戍者，皆不得離屯部。有司各率乃職。斂以時服，無藏金玉珍寶。」" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 1.53: "庚子，王崩于洛陽，年六十六。 ...謚曰武王。二月丁卯，葬高陵。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen and Pei 429, 2.76 Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Chen Shou, in Chen and Pei 429, 1.55: "評曰：漢末，天下大亂，雄豪並起，而袁紹虎眎四州，彊盛莫敵。太祖運籌演謀，鞭撻宇內，擥申、商之法術，該韓、白之奇策，官方授材，各因其器，矯情任筭，不念舊惡，終能總御皇機，克成洪業者，惟其明略最優也。抑可謂非常之人，超世之傑矣。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Pei Songzhi in Chen and Pei 429, 4.133 n. 2 Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Sun Sheng, Yitong Zayu: "嘗問許子將：「我何如人？」子將不荅。固問之，子將曰：「子治世之能臣，亂世之姦雄。」太祖大笑。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.3 n. 3. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "太祖從妹夫㶏彊侯宋奇被誅，從坐免官。後以能明古學，復徵拜議郎。先是大將軍竇武、太傅陳蕃謀誅閹官，反為所害。太祖上書陳武等正直而見陷害，姦邪盈朝，善人壅塞，其言甚切；靈帝不能用。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.3 n.4. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: 是後詔書勑三府：舉奏州縣政理無效，民為作謠言者免罷之。三公傾邪，皆希世見用，貨賂並行，彊者為怨，不見舉奏，弱者守道，多被陷毀。太祖疾之。是歲以災異博問得失，因此復上書切諫，說三公所舉奏專回避貴戚之意。奏上，天子感寤，以示三府責讓之，諸以謠言徵者皆拜議郎。是後政教日亂，豪猾益熾，多所摧毀；太祖知不可匡正，遂不復獻言。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.3 n.4. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "長吏受取貪饕，依倚貴勢，歷前相不見舉；聞太祖至，咸皆舉免，小大震怖，姦宄遁逃，竄入他郡。政教大行，一郡清平。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.4 n.1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "初，城陽景王劉章以有功於漢，故其國為立祠，青州諸郡轉相倣效，濟南尤盛，至六百餘祠。賈人或假二千石輿服導從作倡樂，奢侈日甚，民坐貧窮，歷世長吏無敢禁絕者。太祖到，皆毀壞祠屋，止絕官吏民不得祠祀。及至秉政，遂除姦邪鬼神之事，世之淫祀由此遂絕。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.4 n.1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "於是權臣專朝，貴戚橫恣。太祖不能違道取容。數數干忤，恐為家禍，遂乞留宿衞。拜議郎，常託疾病，輙告歸鄉里；築室城外，春夏習讀書傳，秋冬弋獵，以自娛樂。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.4 n.2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "太祖聞而笑之曰：「閹豎之官，古今宜有，但世主不當假之權寵，使至於此。旣治其罪，當誅元惡，一獄吏足矣，何必紛紛召外將乎？欲盡誅之，事必宣露，吾見其敗也。」Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.5 n. 1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "兵謀叛，夜燒太祖帳". Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.8 n. 1 (first n. 1) Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "太祖答袁紹曰：「董卓之罪，暴於四海，吾等合大衆興義兵，遠近莫不響應，此以義動故也。今幼主微弱，制於姦臣，未有昌邑亡國之釁，而一旦改易，天下其孰安之？諸君北面，我自西向。」" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.8 n. 1 (second n. 1) Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "於是兵皆出取麥，在者不能千人，屯營不固。太祖乃令婦人守陴，悉兵拒之。屯西有大隄，其南樹木幽深。布疑有伏，...引軍屯南十餘里。明日復來，太祖隱兵隄裏，出半兵隄外。布益進，乃令輕兵挑戰，旣合，伏兵乃悉乘隄，步騎並進，大破之。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.12–13 n. 1 (second n. 1). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Xiandi Ji: "又領司隷校尉。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.13 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Cao (429) [211], 十二月己亥令 [Cao Cao's Apologia], Wei Wu gu shi 魏武故事 [The Memoirs of Lord Wu of Wei], 但食武平萬戶
        Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.32–34 n. 1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "袁紹之在河北，軍人仰食桑椹。袁術在江、淮，取給蒲蠃。民人相食，州里蕭條。 ...是歲乃募民屯田許下，得穀百萬斛。於是州郡例置田官，所在積穀。征伐四方，無運糧之勞。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.14 n. 1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Sun Sheng, Yitong ping: "案吳志，劉備先破公軍，然後權攻合肥，而此記云權先攻合肥，後有赤壁之事。二者不同，吳志為是。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.31–32 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Yue Zi, Shanyang Gong zaiji: "公船艦為備所燒，引軍從華容道步歸，遇泥濘，道不通，天又大風，悉使羸兵負草填之，騎乃得過。羸兵為人馬所蹈藉，陷泥中，死者甚衆。軍旣得出，公大喜，諸將問之，公曰：「劉備，吾儔也。但得計少晚；向使早放火，吾徒無類矣。」備尋亦放火而無所及。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.31 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "庚辰，天子報：減戶五千，分所讓三縣萬五千封三子，植為平原侯，據為范陽侯，豹為饒陽侯，食邑各五千戶。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.34 n. 1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "公後日復與遂等會語，諸將曰：「公與虜交語，不宜輕脫，可為木行馬以為防遏。」公然之。 ...又列鐵騎五千為十重陣，精光耀日，賊益震懼。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.36 n. 4. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "王親執金鼔以令進退。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.49 n. 1 (first n. 1). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "軍自武都山行千里，升降險阻，軍人勞苦；公於是大饗，莫不忘其勞。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.45 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Hu Chong, Wu Li: "權送羽首於曹公，以諸侯禮葬其屍骸。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 36.942 n. 3. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "前後三讓。於是中軍師陵樹亭侯荀攸...等勸進... 公乃受命。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.40–41 n. 9. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Xiandi qiju zhu: "使使持節行太常大司農安陽亭侯王邑，齎璧、帛、玄纁、絹五萬匹之鄴納娉，介者五人，皆以議郎行大夫事，副介一人。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.42 n. 1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Xiandi qiju zhu: "使左中郎將楊宣、亭侯裴茂持節、印授之。 Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.43 n. 1 (second n. 1). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "置名號侯爵十八級，關中侯爵十七級，皆金印紫綬；又置關內外侯十六級，銅印龜紐墨綬；五大夫十五級，銅印環紐，亦墨綬，皆不食租，與舊列侯關內侯凡六等。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.46 n. 1 (second n. 1). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Pei Songzhi in Chen and Pei 429, 1.46 n. 1 (second n. 1): "臣松之以為今之虛封蓋自此始。" Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "始置奉常宗正官。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.49 n. 4. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "初置衞尉官。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.49 n. 1 (second n. 1). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Yu 265: "孫權上書稱臣，稱說天命。王以權書示外曰：「是兒欲踞吾著爐火上邪！」侍中陳羣、尚書桓階奏曰：「漢自安帝已來，政去公室，國統數絕，至於今者，唯有名號，尺土一民，皆非漢有，期運久已盡，歷數久已終，非適今日也。是以桓、靈之閒，諸明圖緯者，皆言『漢行氣盡，黃家當興』。殿下應期，十分天下而有其九，以服事漢，羣生注望，遐邇怨歎，是故孫權在遠稱臣，此天人之應，異氣齊聲。臣愚以為虞、夏不以謙辭，殷、周不吝誅放，畏天知命，無所與讓也。」" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.52–53 n. 2. Yu Huan (265). Weilüe 魏略 (private history). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Sun Sheng, Wei Shi Chunqiu: "夏侯惇謂王曰：「天下咸知漢祚已盡，異代方起。自古已來，能除民害為百姓所歸者，即民主也。今殿下即戎三十餘年，功德著於黎庶，為天下所依歸，應天順民，復何疑哉！」王曰：「『施于有政，是亦為政』。若天命在吾，吾為周文王矣。」" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.53 n. 2. Sun Sheng. Wei Shi Chunqiu 魏氏春秋 [Chronicle of the House of Wei] (private history). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "雅性節儉，不好華麗，後宮衣不錦繡，侍御履不二采，帷帳屏風，壞則補納，茵蓐取溫，無有緣飾。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "被服輕綃，身自佩小鞶囊，以盛手巾細物，時或冠帢帽以見賓客。每與人談論，戲弄言誦，盡無所隱，及歡恱大笑，至以頭沒柸案中，肴膳皆沾汙巾幘，其輕易如此。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54–55 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Fu Xuan, Fu Zi: "漢末王公，多委王服，以幅巾為雅，是以袁紹、崔豹之徒，雖為將帥，皆著縑巾。魏太祖以天下凶荒，資財乏匱，擬古皮弁，裁縑帛以為帢，合于簡易隨時之義，以色別其貴賤，于今施行，可謂軍容，非國容也。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Fu Xuan, Fu Zi: "太祖愍嫁娶之奢僭，公女適人，皆以皁帳，從婢不過十人。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "太祖自統御海內，芟夷羣醜，其行軍用師，大較依孫、吳之法，而因事設奇，譎敵制勝，變化如神。自作兵書十萬餘言，諸將征伐，皆以新書從事。臨事又手為節度，從令者克捷，違教者負敗。與虜對陣，意思安閑，如不欲戰，然及至決機乘勝，氣勢盈溢，故每戰必克，軍無幸勝。知人善察，難眩以偽，拔于禁、樂進於行陣之間，取張遼、徐晃於亡虜之內，皆佐命立功，列為名將；其餘拔出細微，登為牧守者，不可勝數。是以刱造大業，文武並施，御軍三十餘年，手不捨書，晝則講武策，夜則思經傳，登高必賦，及造新詩，被之管絃，皆成樂章。才力絕人，手射飛鳥，躬禽猛獸，嘗于南皮一日射雉獲六十三頭。及造作宮室，繕治器械，無不為之法則，皆盡其意。雅性節儉，不好華麗，後宮衣不錦繡，侍御履不二采，帷帳屏風，壞則補納，茵蓐取溫，無有緣飾。攻城拔邑，得靡麗之物，則悉以賜有功，勳勞宜賞，不吝千金，無功望施，分豪不與，四方獻御，與羣下共之。常以送終之制，襲稱之數，繁而無益，俗又過之，故預自制終亡衣服，四篋而已。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Sun Sheng, Yitong Zayu: "太祖嘗私入中常侍張讓室，讓覺之；乃舞手戟於庭，踰垣而出。才武絕人，莫之能害。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.3 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "才力絕人，手射飛鳥，躬禽猛獸，嘗于南皮一日射雉獲六十三頭。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Sun Sheng, Yitong Zayu: "博覽群書，特好兵法，抄集諸家兵法，名曰接要，又注孫武十三篇，皆傳於世。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.3 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "自作兵書十萬餘言，諸將征伐，皆以新書從事。 ...御軍三十餘年，手不捨書，晝則講武策，夜則思經傳". Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Yu Pu, Jiang Biao zhuan: "孟德亦自謂老而好學。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 54.1275 n. 1 (first n. 1). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Zhang 290s: "漢世，安平崔瑗、瑗子寔、弘農張芝、芝弟昶並善草書，而太祖亞之。桓譚、蔡邕善音樂，馮翊山子道、王九真、郭凱等善圍棊，太祖皆與埒能。又好養性法，亦解方藥，招引方術之士，廬江左慈、譙郡華佗、甘陵甘始、陽城郄儉無不畢至，又習啖野葛至一尺，亦得少多飲鴆酒。". Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54 n. 2. Zhang Hua (290s). Bowuzhi 博物志 (miscellany). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Book of Wei: "登高必賦，及造新詩，被之管絃，皆成樂章。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.54 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "太祖少好飛鷹走狗，游蕩無度，其叔父數言之於嵩。太祖患之，後逢叔父於路，乃陽敗面喎口；叔父怪而問其故，太祖曰：「卒中惡風。」叔父以告嵩。嵩驚愕，呼太祖，太祖口貌如故。嵩問曰：「叔父言汝中風，已差乎？」太祖曰：「初不中風，但失愛於叔父，故見罔耳。」嵩乃疑焉。自後叔父有所告，嵩終不復信，太祖於是益得肆意矣。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.2 n. 1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "初，袁忠為沛相，嘗欲以法治太祖，沛國桓邵亦輕之，及在兖州，陳留邊讓言議頗侵太祖，太祖殺讓，族其家。忠、邵俱避難交州，太祖遣使就太守士燮盡族之。桓邵得出首，拜謝於庭中，太祖謂曰：「跪可解死邪！」遂殺之。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.55 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "太祖初入尉廨，繕治四門。造五色棒，縣門左右各十餘枚，有犯禁者，不避豪彊，皆棒殺之。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.3 n. 3. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "後數月，靈帝愛幸小黃門蹇碩叔父夜行，即殺之。京師斂迹，莫敢犯者。近習寵臣咸疾之，然不能傷，於是共稱薦之，故遷為頓丘令。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.3 n. 3. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "嘗出軍，行經麥中，令「士卒無敗麥，犯者死」。騎士皆下馬，付麥以相付，於是太祖馬騰入麥中，勑主簿議罪；主簿對以春秋之義，罰不加於尊。太祖曰：「制法而自犯之，何以帥下？然孤為軍帥，不可自殺，請自刑。」因援劔割髮以置地。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.55 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "又有幸姬常從晝寢，枕之卧，告之曰：「須臾覺我。」姬見太祖卧安，未即寤，及自覺，棒殺之。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.55 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "常討賊，廩穀不足，私謂主者曰：「如何？」主者曰：「可以小斛以足之。」太祖曰：「善。」後軍中言太祖欺衆，太祖謂主者曰：「特當借君死以猒衆，不然事不解。」乃斬之，取首題徇曰：「行小斛，盜官穀，斬之軍門。」" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.55 n. 2. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Sima Biao, Jiu Zhou Chunqiu: "時王欲還，出令曰「雞肋」，官屬不知所謂。主簿楊脩便自嚴裝，人驚問脩：「何以知之？」脩曰：「夫雞肋，棄之如可惜，食之無所得，以比漢中，知王欲還也。」". Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.52 n. 1 (first n. 1). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "王更脩治北部尉廨，令過于舊。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.52 n. 1 (third n. 1). Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Guo Song, Shiyu: "太祖自漢中至洛陽，起建始殿，伐濯龍祠而樹血出。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.53 n. 1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Cao Man zhuan: "王使工蘇越徙美梨，掘之，根傷盡出血。越白狀，王躬自視而惡之，以為不祥，還遂寢疾。" Cited in Chen and Pei 429, 1.53 n. 1. Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing. Cited as Sanguozhi zhu.
        Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Ruan Ji (c. 250s). 魏書 [Book of Wei] (official history).
        Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §1: "魏武少時，嘗與袁紹好為游俠，觀人新婚，因潛入主人園中，夜叫呼云：「有偷兒賊！」青廬中人皆出觀，魏武乃入，抽刃劫新婦與紹還出，失道，墜枳棘中，紹不能得動，復大叫云：「偷兒在此！」紹遑迫自擲出，遂以俱免。" Mather 2002, p. 476. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.
        Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §5: "袁紹年少時，曾遣人夜以劍擲魏武，少下，不著。魏武揆之，其後來必高，因帖臥牀上。劍至果高。" Mather 2002, p. 478. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.
        Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §2: "魏武行役，失汲道，軍皆渴，乃令曰：「前有大梅林，饒子，甘酸，可以解渴。」士卒聞之，口皆出水，乘此得及前源。" Mather 2002, p. 477. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.
        Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §3: "魏武常言：「人慾危己，己輒心動。」因語所親小人曰：「汝懷刃密來我側，我必說心動。執汝使行刑，汝但勿言其使，無他，當厚相報！」執者信焉，不以為懼，遂斬之。此人至死不知也。左右以為實，謀逆者挫氣矣。" Mather 2002, p. 477. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.
        Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §4: "魏武常云：「我眠中不可妄近，近便斫人，亦不自覺，左右宜深慎此！」後陽眠，所幸一人竊以被覆之，因便斫殺。自爾每眠，左右莫敢近者。" Mather 2002, p. 477. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.
        Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 14 §1: "魏武將見匈奴使，自以形陋，不足雄遠國，使崔季珪代，帝自捉刀立牀頭。既畢，令間諜問曰：「魏王何如？」匈奴使答曰：「魏王雅望非常，然牀頭捉刀人，此乃英雄也。」魏武聞之，追殺此使。" Mather 2002, p. 330. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.
        Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 31 §1: "魏武有一妓，聲最清高，而情性酷惡。欲殺則愛才，欲置則不堪。於是選百人一時俱教。少時，果有一人聲及之，便殺惡性者。" Mather 2002, p. 500. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.
        Fan Ye, ed. (1965) [445]. "Volume 68, biography of Xu Shao". Hou Han shu 後漢書 [Book of the Later Han]. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju. 曹操微時，常卑辭厚禮，求為己目。劭鄙其人而不肯對，操乃伺隙脅劭，劭不得已，曰：「君清平之姦賊，亂世之英雄。」操大恱而去。
        Li Fang, ed. (984). "Volume 93: Monarchs no. 18: Wei Taizu Wu Huangdi". Taiping Yulan 太平御覽 [Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era]. 《唐太宗皇帝祭魏武帝文》曰：... 帝以雄武之姿，常艱難之運。棟梁之任，同乎曩時；匡正之功，異乎往代。
        Liu Zhiji, ed. (710). "Volume 7, chapter 27: Tan ze". Shitong 史通. 案曹公之創王業也，賊殺母后，幽逼主上，罪百田常，禍千王莽。
        Lu Xun (1927). Wei–Jin Fengdu ji Wenzhang yu Yao ji Jiu zhi Guanxi 魏晉風度及文章與藥及酒之關係 [The Relationship between Medicine and Alcohol in Customs and Literature of the Wei and Jin Dynasties]. Eryi Ji (而已集). 其實，曹操是一個很有本事的人，至少是一個英雄，我雖不是曹操一黨，但無論如何，總是非常佩服他。

wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

The archaic term jianxiong (姦雄) is composed of two Chinese characters – jian (姦; "crafty", "villainous") and xiong (雄; "majestic", "heroic"). It was used to describe a person who is very ambitious (typically power hungry) and who resorts to cunning means to achieve aims. In literary terms, it can be likened to antihero. See the dictionary definition of jianxiong.

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Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §1: "魏武少時，嘗與袁紹好為游俠，觀人新婚，因潛入主人園中，夜叫呼云：「有偷兒賊！」青廬中人皆出觀，魏武乃入，抽刃劫新婦與紹還出，失道，墜枳棘中，紹不能得動，復大叫云：「偷兒在此！」紹遑迫自擲出，遂以俱免。" Mather 2002, p. 476. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.

Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §5: "袁紹年少時，曾遣人夜以劍擲魏武，少下，不著。魏武揆之，其後來必高，因帖臥牀上。劍至果高。" Mather 2002, p. 478. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.

Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §2: "魏武行役，失汲道，軍皆渴，乃令曰：「前有大梅林，饒子，甘酸，可以解渴。」士卒聞之，口皆出水，乘此得及前源。" Mather 2002, p. 477. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.

Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §3: "魏武常言：「人慾危己，己輒心動。」因語所親小人曰：「汝懷刃密來我側，我必說心動。執汝使行刑，汝但勿言其使，無他，當厚相報！」執者信焉，不以為懼，遂斬之。此人至死不知也。左右以為實，謀逆者挫氣矣。" Mather 2002, p. 477. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.

Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 27 §4: "魏武常云：「我眠中不可妄近，近便斫人，亦不自覺，左右宜深慎此！」後陽眠，所幸一人竊以被覆之，因便斫殺。自爾每眠，左右莫敢近者。" Mather 2002, p. 477. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.

Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 14 §1: "魏武將見匈奴使，自以形陋，不足雄遠國，使崔季珪代，帝自捉刀立牀頭。既畢，令間諜問曰：「魏王何如？」匈奴使答曰：「魏王雅望非常，然牀頭捉刀人，此乃英雄也。」魏武聞之，追殺此使。" Mather 2002, p. 330. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.

Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 31 §1: "魏武有一妓，聲最清高，而情性酷惡。欲殺則愛才，欲置則不堪。於是選百人一時俱教。少時，果有一人聲及之，便殺惡性者。" Mather 2002, p. 500. Liu Yiqing (劉義慶) (2002) [430]. Zhu Zhuyu (朱铸禹); Zhu Qizhi (朱奇志) (eds.). 世說新語 [A New Account of the Tales of the World]. Shanghai Ancient Books Press. ISBN 7-5325-3205-4. Liu Yiqing (2002) [430]. Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the World 世說新語. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies. Vol. 95. Translated by Richard B. Mather (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-89264-155-X. ISSN 1081-9053.

zdic.net

The name of the Bronze Sparrow Platform was written as 銅爵臺; tóng jué tái instead of 銅雀臺; tóng què tái. The former has been superseded by the latter, which has become the more common term used in modern times to refer to the platform. See the dictionary definition of 銅雀臺.

The term cuan ni (篡逆) is composed of two Chinese characters which mean "usurp" and "defy" respectively. In ancient China, it was used as a derogatory term in political contexts to accuse persons of harbouring the intention of usurping the emperor's throne, which was regarded as treasonous in nature. See the dictionary definition of 篡逆.

"Definition of 籍田". zdic 漢典 (in Chinese).

"Dictionary definition of 望梅止渴". zdic 漢典.

Cao Cao (English Wikipedia)

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