Chiari malformation (English Wikipedia)

"Marissa's story" (PDF). Great Neck, NY, U.S.A.: The Chiari Institute and MedNet Technologies, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2015.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

Julia Clukey (January 21, 2014). "Olympian: Brain disorder made me stronger". CNN. Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2015.

columbia.edu (Global: 554^th place; English: 368^th place)

cumc.columbia.edu

"Chiari Malformations – Department of Neurological Surgery". Archived from the original on May 16, 2008.

conquerchiari.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dr. Bland Discusses Chiari & EDS 4(10)". Conquerchiari.org. November 20, 2006. Archived from the original on June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2011.

csfinfo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bobby Jones Society | Chiari & Syringomyelia Foundation". Csfinfo.org. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.

csifiles.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"CSI: Crime Scene Investigation–'Internal Combustion'". CSI Files. Retrieved March 28, 2023.

dinet.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dysautonomia News – Winter/Spring 2006". Dinet.org. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Vannemreddy P, Nourbakhsh A, Willis B, Guthikonda B (2010). "Congenital Chiari malformations". Neurology India. 58 (1): 6–14. doi:10.4103/0028-3886.60387. PMID 20228456.
Guo F, Wang M, Long J, Wang H, Sun H, Yang B, Song L (2007). "Surgical management of Chiari malformation: analysis of 128 cases". Pediatric Neurosurgery. 43 (5): 375–81. doi:10.1159/000106386. PMID 17786002. S2CID 29634884.
Sadler, Brooke; Kuensting, Timothy; Strahle, Jennifer; Park, Tae Sung; Smyth, Matthew; Limbrick, David D.; Dobbs, Matthew B.; Haller, Gabe; Gurnett, Christina A. (May 1, 2020). "Prevalence and Impact of Underlying Diagnosis and Comorbidities on Chiari 1 Malformation". Pediatric Neurology. 106: 32–37. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.12.005. ISSN 0887-8994. PMC 7156318. PMID 32113729.
Friedlander, Robert M. (June 20, 2024). "Congenital and Acquired Chiari Syndrome". New England Journal of Medicine. 390 (23): 2191–2198. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2308055. PMID 38899696.
Thunstedt, Dennis C.; Schmutzer, Michael; Fabritius, Matthias P.; Thorsteinsdottir, Jun; Kunz, Mathias; Ruscheweyh, Ruth; Straube, Andreas (2022). "Headache characteristics and postoperative course in Chiari I malformation". Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache. 42 (9): 879–887. doi:10.1177/03331024221079296. ISSN 1468-2982. PMC 9315190. PMID 35236163.
Riveira C, Pascual J (February 2007). "Is Chiari type I malformation a reason for chronic daily headache". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 11 (1): 53–5. doi:10.1007/s11916-007-0022-x. PMID 17214922. S2CID 41199446.
Adnan BURINA; Dževdet SMAJLOVIĆ; Osman SINANOVIĆ; Mirjana VIDOVIĆ; Omer Ć. IBRAHIMAGIĆ (2009). "ARNOLD–CHIARI MALFORMATION AND SYRINGOMYELIA". Acta Med Sal. 38: 44–46. doi:10.5457/ams.v38i1.31.
Loukas M, Shayota BJ, Oelhafen K, Miller JH, Chern JJ, Tubbs RS, Oakes WJ (September 2011). "Associated disorders of Chiari Type I malformations: a review". Neurosurgical Focus. 31 (3): E3. doi:10.3171/2011.6.FOCUS11112. PMID 21882908. S2CID 45262171.
Freeman MD, Rosa S, Harshfield D, Smith F, Bennett R, Centeno CJ, Kornel E, Nystrom A, Heffez D, Kohles SS (2010). "A case-control study of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (Chiari) and head/neck trauma (whiplash)". Brain Injury. 24 (7–8): 988–94. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.490512. PMID 20545453. S2CID 9553904.
Kuether, T. A.; Piatt, J. H. (1998). "Chiari malformation associated with vitamin D-resistant rickets: case report". Neurosurgery. 42 (5): 1168–1171. doi:10.1097/00006123-199805000-00134. ISSN 0148-396X. PMID 9588565.
Ciaramitaro, Palma; Massimi, Luca; Bertuccio, Alessandro; Solari, Alessandra; Farinotti, Mariangela; Peretta, Paola; Saletti, Veronica; Chiapparini, Luisa; Barbanera, Andrea; Garbossa, Diego; Valentini, Laura (June 15, 2021). "Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation and syringomyelia in adults: international consensus document". Neurological Sciences. 43 (2): 1327–1342. doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05347-3. ISSN 1590-3478. PMID 34129128. S2CID 235438643.
McClugage, Samuel G.; Oakes, W. Jerry (September 2019). "The Chiari I malformation: JNSPG 75th Anniversary Invited Review Article". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. 24 (3): 217–226. doi:10.3171/2019.5.PEDS18382. ISSN 1933-0707. PMID 31473667.
Aboulezz AO, Sartor K, Geyer CA, Gado MH (1985). "Position of cerebellar tonsils in the normal population and in patients with Chiari malformation: a quantitative approach with MR imaging". Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 9 (6): 1033–6. doi:10.1097/00004728-198511000-00005. PMID 4056132. S2CID 37901812.
Chern JJ, Gordon AJ, Mortazavi MM, Tubbs RS, Oakes WJ (July 2011). "Pediatric Chiari malformation Type 0: a 12-year institutional experience". Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics. 8 (1): 1–5. doi:10.3171/2011.4.peds10528. PMID 21721881. S2CID 2220301.
Tubbs RS, Iskandar BJ, Bartolucci AA, Oakes WJ (November 2004). "A critical analysis of the Chiari 1.5 malformation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 101 (2 Suppl): 179–83. doi:10.3171/ped.2004.101.2.0179. PMID 15835105.
Cui LG, Jiang L, Zhang HB, Liu B, Wang JR, Jia JW, Chen W (April 2011). "Monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid flow by intraoperative ultrasound in patients with Chiari I malformation". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 113 (3): 173–6. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.10.011. PMID 21075511. S2CID 22878869.
Iskandar BJ, Hedlund GL, Grabb PA, Oakes WJ (August 1998). "The resolution of syringohydromyelia without hindbrain herniation after posterior fossa decompression". Journal of Neurosurgery. 89 (2): 212–6. doi:10.3171/jns.1998.89.2.0212. PMID 9688115.
Fisahn C, Shoja MM, Turgut M, Oskouian RJ, Oakes WJ, Tubbs RS (December 2016). "The Chiari 3.5 malformation: a review of the only reported case". Child's Nervous System. 32 (12): 2317–2319. doi:10.1007/s00381-016-3255-3. PMID 27679454. S2CID 11329088.
Tubbs RS, Muhleman M, Loukas M, Oakes WJ (February 2012). "A new form of herniation: the Chiari V malformation". Child's Nervous System. 28 (2): 305–7. doi:10.1007/s00381-011-1616-5. PMID 22038152. S2CID 3255189.
Tubbs RS, Elton S, Grabb P, Dockery SE, Bartolucci AA, Oakes WJ (May 2001). "Analysis of the posterior fossa in children with the Chiari 0 malformation". Neurosurgery. 48 (5): 1050–4, discussion 1054–5. doi:10.1097/00006123-200105000-00016. PMID 11334271. S2CID 12244111.
Kojima A, Mayanagi K, Okui S (February 2009). "Progression of pre-existing Chiari type I malformation secondary to cerebellar hemorrhage: case report". Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica. 49 (2): 90–2. doi:10.2176/nmc.49.90. PMID 19246872.
O'Shaughnessy BA, Bendok BR, Parkinson RJ, Shaibani A, Walker MT, Shakir E, Batjer HH (January 2006). "Acquired Chiari malformation Type I associated with a supratentorial arteriovenous malformation. Case report and review of the literature". Journal of Neurosurgery. 104 (1 Suppl): 28–32. doi:10.3171/ped.2006.104.1.28. PMID 16509477.
Smith BW, Strahle J, Bapuraj JR, Muraszko KM, Garton HJ, Maher CO (September 2013). "Distribution of cerebellar tonsil position: implications for understanding Chiari malformation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 119 (3): 812–9. doi:10.3171/2013.5.jns121825. PMID 23767890.
Raffel C (September 2013). "Cerebellar tonsil position and Chiari malformation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 119 (3): 810–1. doi:10.3171/2013.3.jns1339. PMID 23767894.
Milhorat TH, Bolognese PA, Nishikawa M, McDonnell NB, Francomano CA (December 2007). "Syndrome of occipitoatlantoaxial hypermobility, cranial settling, and chiari malformation type I in patients with hereditary disorders of connective tissue". Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine. 7 (6): 601–9. doi:10.3171/SPI-07/12/601. PMID 18074684.
Yu F, Jiang QJ, Sun XY, Zhang RW (June 2015). "A new case of complete primary cerebellar agenesis: clinical and imaging findings in a living patient". Brain. 138 (Pt 6): e353. doi:10.1093/brain/awu239. PMC 4614135. PMID 25149410.
Udayakumaran S (March 2012). "Chiari V or Chiari II plus?". Child's Nervous System. 28 (3): 337–8, author reply 339. doi:10.1007/s00381-011-1654-z. PMID 22159553. S2CID 26545840.
Imperato A, Seneca V, Cioffi V, Colella G, Gangemi M (December 2011). "Treatment of Chiari malformation: who, when and how". Neurological Sciences. 32 (Suppl 3): S335-9. doi:10.1007/s10072-011-0709-y. PMID 21822700. S2CID 7602738. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022.
Klekamp J, Batzdorf U, Samii M, Bothe HW (1996). "The surgical treatment of Chiari I malformation". Acta Neurochirurgica. 138 (7): 788–801. doi:10.1007/BF01411256. PMID 8869706. S2CID 6777364.
Tam, SKP; Brodbelt, A; Bolognese, PA; Foroughi, M (January 2021). "Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty in Chiari malformation type 1: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Acta Neurochirurgica. 163 (1): 229–238. doi:10.1007/s00701-020-04403-9. PMID 32577895.
Sivakumaran, Priya; Ashwood, Neil; Kamal, Muhammad; Jayakumar, Nithish; Sivakumaran, Priya; Ashwood, Neil; Kamal, Muhammad; Jayakumar, Nithish (October 19, 2023). "The Pathogenesis of Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Current Theories". Cureus. 15 (10) e47301. doi:10.7759/cureus.47301. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 10656570. PMID 38022024.
Furtado SV, Reddy K, Hegde AS (November 2009). "Posterior fossa morphometry in symptomatic pediatric and adult Chiari I malformation". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 16 (11): 1449–54. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2009.04.005. PMID 19736012. S2CID 37527076.
Sgouros S, Kountouri M, Natarajan K (September 2007). "Skull base growth in children with Chiari malformation Type I". Journal of Neurosurgery. 107 (3 Suppl): 188–92. doi:10.3171/PED-07/09/188. PMID 17918522.
Plomp, Kimberly; Lewis, Daniel; Buck, Laura; Bukhari, Shafqat; Rae, Todd; Gnanalingham, Kanna; Collard, Mark (June 27, 2025). "A test of the Archaic Homo Introgression Hypothesis for the Chiari malformation type I". Evolution, Medicine & Public Health. 13 (eoaf009). Oxford Academic: 154–166. doi:10.1093/emph/eoaf009. PMC 12260222. Retrieved July 13, 2025.
Schijman E (May 2004). "History, anatomic forms, and pathogenesis of Chiari I malformations". Child's Nervous System. 20 (5): 323–8. doi:10.1007/s00381-003-0878-y. PMID 14762679. S2CID 2735964.

espn.com (Global: 42^nd place; English: 25^th place)

ESPN.com news services (August 22, 2011). "J.B. Holmes to have brain surgery". espn.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
"Paratriathlete Allysa Seely on prosthetics and PRs". ESPN. July 5, 2016. Archived from the original on August 4, 2017.

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

abcnews.go.com

h24info.ma (Global: low place; English: low place)

mjid, Safia (September 14, 2018). "Mort à 59 ans, Rachid Taha souffrait d'une maladie génétique – H24info". H24info (in French). Retrieved September 22, 2018.

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,313^th place; English: 884^th place)

Kaipo T. Pau. "Chapter XVIII.16. Developmental Brain Anomalies". In Jeffrey K. Okamoto; et al. (eds.). Case Based Pediatrics For Medical Students and Residents. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010.

icd9data.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Code 453.0: Budd-Chiari Syndrome". 2008 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008.

institutchiaribcn.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Malformación de Arnold Chiari". Institut Chiari de Barcelona (in Spanish).

lecturio.com (Global: low place; English: 5,784^th place)

"Chiari Malformations". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved July 5, 2021.

luederlaw.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lueder, Larkin & Hunter | Alleged Traumatic Brain Injuries: Causation Issues with Chiari Malformations". www.luederlaw.com. Retrieved May 5, 2025.

mayoclinic.org (Global: 2,191^st place; English: 1,798^th place)

clinic, mayo. "Chiari malformation". mayoclinic.org. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
"Chiari malformation: Symptoms". Mayo Clinic. November 13, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010.
"Chiari malformation". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
"Chiari malformation - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved May 6, 2025.

medscape.com (Global: 1,078^th place; English: 916^th place)

emedicine.medscape.com

Hydrocephalus at eMedicine
Chiari Malformation at eMedicine

medscape.com

"Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: Diagnosis". Archived from the original on December 11, 2011.

mercksource.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chiari malformation". Dorlands Medical Dictionary. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Chiari malformation". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.

newcastleherald.com.au (Global: 7,616^th place; English: 3,621^st place)

Cronshaw, Damon (January 30, 2018). "Sabre Norris shares her story about her health and medical condition". Newcastle Herald. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2021.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Vannemreddy P, Nourbakhsh A, Willis B, Guthikonda B (2010). "Congenital Chiari malformations". Neurology India. 58 (1): 6–14. doi:10.4103/0028-3886.60387. PMID 20228456.
Guo F, Wang M, Long J, Wang H, Sun H, Yang B, Song L (2007). "Surgical management of Chiari malformation: analysis of 128 cases". Pediatric Neurosurgery. 43 (5): 375–81. doi:10.1159/000106386. PMID 17786002. S2CID 29634884.
Sadler, Brooke; Kuensting, Timothy; Strahle, Jennifer; Park, Tae Sung; Smyth, Matthew; Limbrick, David D.; Dobbs, Matthew B.; Haller, Gabe; Gurnett, Christina A. (May 1, 2020). "Prevalence and Impact of Underlying Diagnosis and Comorbidities on Chiari 1 Malformation". Pediatric Neurology. 106: 32–37. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.12.005. ISSN 0887-8994. PMC 7156318. PMID 32113729.
Kuhn, James; Weisbrod, Luke J.; Emmady, Prabhu D. (2025), "Chiari Malformation Type 2", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32491430, retrieved March 6, 2025
Friedlander, Robert M. (June 20, 2024). "Congenital and Acquired Chiari Syndrome". New England Journal of Medicine. 390 (23): 2191–2198. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2308055. PMID 38899696.
Thunstedt, Dennis C.; Schmutzer, Michael; Fabritius, Matthias P.; Thorsteinsdottir, Jun; Kunz, Mathias; Ruscheweyh, Ruth; Straube, Andreas (2022). "Headache characteristics and postoperative course in Chiari I malformation". Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache. 42 (9): 879–887. doi:10.1177/03331024221079296. ISSN 1468-2982. PMC 9315190. PMID 35236163.
Riveira C, Pascual J (February 2007). "Is Chiari type I malformation a reason for chronic daily headache". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 11 (1): 53–5. doi:10.1007/s11916-007-0022-x. PMID 17214922. S2CID 41199446.
Loukas M, Shayota BJ, Oelhafen K, Miller JH, Chern JJ, Tubbs RS, Oakes WJ (September 2011). "Associated disorders of Chiari Type I malformations: a review". Neurosurgical Focus. 31 (3): E3. doi:10.3171/2011.6.FOCUS11112. PMID 21882908. S2CID 45262171.
Moscote-Salazar LR, Zabaleta-Churio N, Alcala-Cerra G, M Rubiano A, Calderon-Miranda WG, Alvis-Miranda HR, Agrawal A (January 2016). "Symptomatic Chiari Malformation with Syringomyelia after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Case Report". Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma. 4 (1): 58–61. PMC 4779473. PMID 27162930.
Freeman MD, Rosa S, Harshfield D, Smith F, Bennett R, Centeno CJ, Kornel E, Nystrom A, Heffez D, Kohles SS (2010). "A case-control study of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (Chiari) and head/neck trauma (whiplash)". Brain Injury. 24 (7–8): 988–94. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.490512. PMID 20545453. S2CID 9553904.
Kuether, T. A.; Piatt, J. H. (1998). "Chiari malformation associated with vitamin D-resistant rickets: case report". Neurosurgery. 42 (5): 1168–1171. doi:10.1097/00006123-199805000-00134. ISSN 0148-396X. PMID 9588565.
Ciaramitaro, Palma; Massimi, Luca; Bertuccio, Alessandro; Solari, Alessandra; Farinotti, Mariangela; Peretta, Paola; Saletti, Veronica; Chiapparini, Luisa; Barbanera, Andrea; Garbossa, Diego; Valentini, Laura (June 15, 2021). "Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation and syringomyelia in adults: international consensus document". Neurological Sciences. 43 (2): 1327–1342. doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05347-3. ISSN 1590-3478. PMID 34129128. S2CID 235438643.
McClugage, Samuel G.; Oakes, W. Jerry (September 2019). "The Chiari I malformation: JNSPG 75th Anniversary Invited Review Article". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. 24 (3): 217–226. doi:10.3171/2019.5.PEDS18382. ISSN 1933-0707. PMID 31473667.
Barkovich AJ, Wippold FJ, Sherman JL, Citrin CM (1986). "Significance of cerebellar tonsillar position on MR". AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 7 (5): 795–9. PMC 8331977. PMID 3096099.
Aboulezz AO, Sartor K, Geyer CA, Gado MH (1985). "Position of cerebellar tonsils in the normal population and in patients with Chiari malformation: a quantitative approach with MR imaging". Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 9 (6): 1033–6. doi:10.1097/00004728-198511000-00005. PMID 4056132. S2CID 37901812.
Chern JJ, Gordon AJ, Mortazavi MM, Tubbs RS, Oakes WJ (July 2011). "Pediatric Chiari malformation Type 0: a 12-year institutional experience". Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics. 8 (1): 1–5. doi:10.3171/2011.4.peds10528. PMID 21721881. S2CID 2220301.
Tubbs RS, Iskandar BJ, Bartolucci AA, Oakes WJ (November 2004). "A critical analysis of the Chiari 1.5 malformation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 101 (2 Suppl): 179–83. doi:10.3171/ped.2004.101.2.0179. PMID 15835105.
Cui LG, Jiang L, Zhang HB, Liu B, Wang JR, Jia JW, Chen W (April 2011). "Monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid flow by intraoperative ultrasound in patients with Chiari I malformation". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 113 (3): 173–6. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.10.011. PMID 21075511. S2CID 22878869.
Iskandar BJ, Hedlund GL, Grabb PA, Oakes WJ (August 1998). "The resolution of syringohydromyelia without hindbrain herniation after posterior fossa decompression". Journal of Neurosurgery. 89 (2): 212–6. doi:10.3171/jns.1998.89.2.0212. PMID 9688115.
Fisahn C, Shoja MM, Turgut M, Oskouian RJ, Oakes WJ, Tubbs RS (December 2016). "The Chiari 3.5 malformation: a review of the only reported case". Child's Nervous System. 32 (12): 2317–2319. doi:10.1007/s00381-016-3255-3. PMID 27679454. S2CID 11329088.
Tubbs RS, Muhleman M, Loukas M, Oakes WJ (February 2012). "A new form of herniation: the Chiari V malformation". Child's Nervous System. 28 (2): 305–7. doi:10.1007/s00381-011-1616-5. PMID 22038152. S2CID 3255189.
Tubbs RS, Elton S, Grabb P, Dockery SE, Bartolucci AA, Oakes WJ (May 2001). "Analysis of the posterior fossa in children with the Chiari 0 malformation". Neurosurgery. 48 (5): 1050–4, discussion 1054–5. doi:10.1097/00006123-200105000-00016. PMID 11334271. S2CID 12244111.
Kojima A, Mayanagi K, Okui S (February 2009). "Progression of pre-existing Chiari type I malformation secondary to cerebellar hemorrhage: case report". Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica. 49 (2): 90–2. doi:10.2176/nmc.49.90. PMID 19246872.
O'Shaughnessy BA, Bendok BR, Parkinson RJ, Shaibani A, Walker MT, Shakir E, Batjer HH (January 2006). "Acquired Chiari malformation Type I associated with a supratentorial arteriovenous malformation. Case report and review of the literature". Journal of Neurosurgery. 104 (1 Suppl): 28–32. doi:10.3171/ped.2006.104.1.28. PMID 16509477.
Smith BW, Strahle J, Bapuraj JR, Muraszko KM, Garton HJ, Maher CO (September 2013). "Distribution of cerebellar tonsil position: implications for understanding Chiari malformation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 119 (3): 812–9. doi:10.3171/2013.5.jns121825. PMID 23767890.
Raffel C (September 2013). "Cerebellar tonsil position and Chiari malformation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 119 (3): 810–1. doi:10.3171/2013.3.jns1339. PMID 23767894.
Milhorat TH, Bolognese PA, Nishikawa M, McDonnell NB, Francomano CA (December 2007). "Syndrome of occipitoatlantoaxial hypermobility, cranial settling, and chiari malformation type I in patients with hereditary disorders of connective tissue". Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine. 7 (6): 601–9. doi:10.3171/SPI-07/12/601. PMID 18074684.
Yu F, Jiang QJ, Sun XY, Zhang RW (June 2015). "A new case of complete primary cerebellar agenesis: clinical and imaging findings in a living patient". Brain. 138 (Pt 6): e353. doi:10.1093/brain/awu239. PMC 4614135. PMID 25149410.
Udayakumaran S (March 2012). "Chiari V or Chiari II plus?". Child's Nervous System. 28 (3): 337–8, author reply 339. doi:10.1007/s00381-011-1654-z. PMID 22159553. S2CID 26545840.
Imperato A, Seneca V, Cioffi V, Colella G, Gangemi M (December 2011). "Treatment of Chiari malformation: who, when and how". Neurological Sciences. 32 (Suppl 3): S335-9. doi:10.1007/s10072-011-0709-y. PMID 21822700. S2CID 7602738. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022.
Klekamp J, Batzdorf U, Samii M, Bothe HW (1996). "The surgical treatment of Chiari I malformation". Acta Neurochirurgica. 138 (7): 788–801. doi:10.1007/BF01411256. PMID 8869706. S2CID 6777364.
Tam, SKP; Brodbelt, A; Bolognese, PA; Foroughi, M (January 2021). "Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty in Chiari malformation type 1: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Acta Neurochirurgica. 163 (1): 229–238. doi:10.1007/s00701-020-04403-9. PMID 32577895.
Sivakumaran, Priya; Ashwood, Neil; Kamal, Muhammad; Jayakumar, Nithish; Sivakumaran, Priya; Ashwood, Neil; Kamal, Muhammad; Jayakumar, Nithish (October 19, 2023). "The Pathogenesis of Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Current Theories". Cureus. 15 (10) e47301. doi:10.7759/cureus.47301. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 10656570. PMID 38022024.
Furtado SV, Reddy K, Hegde AS (November 2009). "Posterior fossa morphometry in symptomatic pediatric and adult Chiari I malformation". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 16 (11): 1449–54. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2009.04.005. PMID 19736012. S2CID 37527076.
Sgouros S, Kountouri M, Natarajan K (September 2007). "Skull base growth in children with Chiari malformation Type I". Journal of Neurosurgery. 107 (3 Suppl): 188–92. doi:10.3171/PED-07/09/188. PMID 17918522.
Schijman E (May 2004). "History, anatomic forms, and pathogenesis of Chiari I malformations". Child's Nervous System. 20 (5): 323–8. doi:10.1007/s00381-003-0878-y. PMID 14762679. S2CID 2735964.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sadler, Brooke; Kuensting, Timothy; Strahle, Jennifer; Park, Tae Sung; Smyth, Matthew; Limbrick, David D.; Dobbs, Matthew B.; Haller, Gabe; Gurnett, Christina A. (May 1, 2020). "Prevalence and Impact of Underlying Diagnosis and Comorbidities on Chiari 1 Malformation". Pediatric Neurology. 106: 32–37. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.12.005. ISSN 0887-8994. PMC 7156318. PMID 32113729.
Kuhn, James; Weisbrod, Luke J.; Emmady, Prabhu D. (2025), "Chiari Malformation Type 2", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32491430, retrieved March 6, 2025
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