Chicago (English Wikipedia)

Lawrence Rothfield; Don Coursey; Sarah Lee; Daniel Silver; Wendy Norri (November 21, 2007). "Chicago Music City: A Summary Report on the Music Industry in Chicago" (PDF). The Cultural Policy Center at the University of Chicago. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 16, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2012.

aamc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fact sheet" (PDF). aamc.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 16, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.

aaos.org (Global: 8,616^th place; English: 7,177^th place)

Fischer, MD, Stuart J. "Chicago: Landmarks, Pizza, Politics, and Jazz". American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Archived from the original on April 2, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2013.

about.com (Global: 419^th place; English: 335^th place)

geography.about.com

"Top 10 Cities of the Year 1900". Geography.about.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2005. Retrieved May 4, 2009.

aci.aero (Global: 7,108^th place; English: 9,123^rd place)

"2017 Passenger Summary – Annual Traffic Data". ACI World. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
"Annual Traffic Data – 2015 Preliminary". Airports Council International. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2015.

advocate.com (Global: 1,869^th place; English: 1,037^th place)

Padgett, Donald (November 1, 2023). "These are the 15 most LGBTQ-friendly cities in the U.S. | Advocate.com". www.advocate.com. Retrieved April 16, 2026.

amazon.com (Global: 159^th place; English: 105^th place)

Giles, Sharon (2023). "Uptown Girl". In Sha, Mandy; Lee, Cassandra (eds.). If we can do it, you can, too!. Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp. pp. 44–46. ISBN 9798379235413. Archived from the original on December 2, 2024. Retrieved December 21, 2023.

americanheritage.com (Global: 3,518^th place; English: 2,215^th place)

Allen, Frederick E. (February 2003). "Where They Went to See the Future". American Heritage. 54 (1). Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved December 5, 2013.

anl.gov (Global: 8,120^th place; English: 6,195^th place)

ne.anl.gov

"CP-1 (Chicago Pile 1 Reactor)". Argonne National Laboratory. U.S. Department of Energy. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2013.

architecture.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chicago Architecture Foundation River Cruise Aboard Chicago's First Lady Cruises". Chicago Architecture Foundation – CAF. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Quaife, Milo M. (1933). Checagou: From Indian Wigwam to Modern City, 1673–1835. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 1865758.
Buisseret (1990), pp. 22–23, 68, 80–81. Buisseret, David (1990), Historic Illinois From The Air, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07989-9, LCCN 89020648
Buisseret (1990), pp. 86–98. Buisseret, David (1990), Historic Illinois From The Air, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07989-9, LCCN 89020648
Condit (1973), pp. 30–31. Condit, Carl W. (1973), Chicago 1910–29: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-11456-2, LCCN 72094791
Condit (1973), pp. 15–18, 243–245. Condit, Carl W. (1973), Chicago 1910–29: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-11456-2, LCCN 72094791
Buisseret (1990), pp. 154–155, 172–173, 204–205. Buisseret, David (1990), Historic Illinois From The Air, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07989-9, LCCN 89020648
Buisseret (1990), pp. 148–149. Buisseret, David (1990), Historic Illinois From The Air, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07989-9, LCCN 89020648
Lowe (2000), pp. 87–97. Lowe, David Garrard (2000), Lost Chicago, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, ISBN 0-8230-2871-2, LCCN 00107305
Lowe (2000), p. 99. Lowe, David Garrard (2000), Lost Chicago, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, ISBN 0-8230-2871-2, LCCN 00107305
Condit (1973), pp. 9–11. Condit, Carl W. (1973), Chicago 1910–29: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-11456-2, LCCN 72094791
Lowe (2000), pp. 121, 129. Lowe, David Garrard (2000), Lost Chicago, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, ISBN 0-8230-2871-2, LCCN 00107305
Condit (1973), pp. 43–49, 58, 318–319. Condit, Carl W. (1973), Chicago 1910–29: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-11456-2, LCCN 72094791
Lowe (2000), pp. 148–154, 158–169. Lowe, David Garrard (2000), Lost Chicago, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, ISBN 0-8230-2871-2, LCCN 00107305
Condit (1973), pp. 5–6. Condit, Carl W. (1973), Chicago 1910–29: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-11456-2, LCCN 72094791
Condit (1973), pp. 31, 52–53. Condit, Carl W. (1973), Chicago 1910–29: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-11456-2, LCCN 72094791
Bach (1980), p. 9. Bach, Ira J. (1980), Chicago's Famous Buildings, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-03396-1, LCCN 79023365
Lowe (2000), pp. 118–127. Lowe, David Garrard (2000), Lost Chicago, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, ISBN 0-8230-2871-2, LCCN 00107305
Bach (1980), pp. 70, 99–100, 146–147. Bach, Ira J. (1980), Chicago's Famous Buildings, The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-03396-1, LCCN 79023365
Fodor's (2009). Fodor's Chicago 2010. Fodor's. p. 352. ISBN 978-1-4000-0860-5. Retrieved February 18, 2010. Make sure to never add ketchup to your Chicago-style hot dog: a major no-no among hot dog aficionados.
Santo, Ron; Pepe, Phil (April 1, 2005). "Preface by Phil Pepe". Few and Chosen Cubs: Defining Cubs Greatness Across the Eras. Chicago, IL: Triumph Books. p. xxi. ISBN 978-1-57243-710-4.
Montejano (1999), pp. 33–34. Montejano, David, ed. (1999), Chicano Politics and Society in the Late Twentieth Century, Austin: University of Texas Press, ISBN 0-292-75215-6, OCLC 38879251
Madigan (2004), p. 52. Madigan, Charles, ed. (2004), Global Chicago, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, ISBN 0-252-02941-0, OCLC 54400307

archpaper.com (Global: 7,975^th place; English: 4,219^th place)

Messner, Matthew (December 29, 2017). "Chicago's DuSable Museum of African American History converts a horse stable into a powerful space". The Architect's Newspaper. Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved September 27, 2024.

army.mil (Global: 250^th place; English: 134^th place)

lrc.usace.army.mil

"Calumet Harbor and River". US Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original on June 10, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013.

arquivo.pt (Global: 2,454^th place; English: 1,792^nd place)

Zeldes, Leah A. (August 27, 2009). "Opaa! Chicago Taste of Greece flies this weekend". Dining Chicago. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2013.

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Addis, Cameron (August 22, 2015). "5 Bull Moose From a Bully Pulpit". Austin Community College. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2021.

baseball-reference.com (Global: 122^nd place; English: 74^th place)

"MLB Teams and Baseball Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2018. Retrieved April 20, 2016.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Glancey, Jonathan (October 5, 2015). "The city that changed architecture forever". BBC News. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved April 30, 2018.

bea.gov (Global: 5,506^th place; English: 4,780^th place)

"Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2016". bea.gov. Archived from the original on January 11, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2018.

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www2.beltrailway.com

"About". March 19, 2012. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.

blockclubchicago.org (Global: low place; English: 6,018^th place)

Mercado, Melody (June 25, 2026). "Nearly 57 Million Tourists Spent A Record $21.5 Billion In Chicago Last Year, Report Says". Block Club Chicago. Retrieved June 27, 2026.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

Lippert, John; Cattan, Nacha; Parker, Mario (September 17, 2013). "Heroin Pushed on Chicago by Cartel Fueling Gang Murders". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on October 6, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013.

bls.gov (Global: 3,091^st place; English: 2,103^rd place)

"Chicago Area Employment — February 2018". bls.gov/regions/midwest. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Costa, David J. (2003). The Miami-Illinois Language. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803215146. Archived from the original on March 5, 2025. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
United States. Office of the Commissioner of Railroads (1883). Report to the Secretary of the Interior. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 19. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
Rodolphe El-Khoury; Edward Robbins (June 19, 2004). Shaping the City: Studies in History, Theory and Urban Design. Taylor & Francis. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-0-415-26189-0. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
Lopez, Russell (2012). "Nineteenth-Century Reform Movements". Building American Public Health: Urban Planning, Architecture, & the Quest for Better Health in the United States. The 1893 Columbian Exhibition. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-137-00243-3. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
Mölders, Nicole; Kramm, Gerhard (July 5, 2014). Lectures in Meteorology. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-02144-7. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
Baum, Wilhelm; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003). The Church of the East: A Concise History. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon. ISBN 978-1-134-43019-2. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
Watts, Greg (2009). Mother Teresa: Faith in the Darkness. Lion Books. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-0-7459-5283-3. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Gordon, Matthew J. (2004). "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology". Kortmann, Bernd, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie, Edgar W. Schneider and Clive Upton (eds). A Handbook of Varieties of English Archived July 9, 2023, at the Wayback Machine. Volume 1: Phonology, Volume 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 297.
Gibson, Kelly; Portia Belloc Lowndes (2008). The Slow Food guide to Chicago: Restaurants, markets, bars. Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-931498-61-6. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved February 18, 2010. no self-respecting Chicagoan would think of using ketchup as a condiment ...
Diggory, Terence (April 22, 2015). Encyclopedia of the New York School Poets. Infobase Learning. ISBN 978-1-4381-4066-7. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Rodriguez, Luis (January 4, 2011). Hearts and Hands: Creating Community in Violent Times. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-60980-057-4. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Markovits, Andrei S.; Rensmann, Lars (2010). Gaming the World: How Sports Are Reshaping Global Politics and Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-691-13751-3. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
Pogorzelski & Maloof 2008, p. 58 Pogorzelski, Daniel; Maloof, John (2008), Portage Park, Arcadia Publishing, ISBN 978-0-7385-5229-3, archived from the original on July 9, 2023, retrieved November 9, 2020

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Gang (crime) – History". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 2009. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2009.
"World distribution of major climatic types". Encyclopedia Britannica (Online ed.). Archived from the original on April 14, 2025. Retrieved May 3, 2025.
"Lollapalooza | History & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.

builtinchicago.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"75 Companies in Chicago Pushing the City to New Heights 2024 | Built In Chicago". Built In. Archived from the original on October 12, 2024. Retrieved September 27, 2024.

businessinsider.com (Global: 201^st place; English: 139^th place)

Tareen, Sophia; Burnett, Sarah (April 7, 2015). "Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel wins 2nd term in runoff victory". Business Insider. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.

carto.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jkalov.carto.com

Jkalov (2015). "Chicago Residential Parking Zones". jkalov.carto.com. Retrieved February 1, 2024.

cbs2chicago.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"1992 Loop Flood Brings Chaos, Billions In Losses". CBS2 Chicago. April 14, 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved January 11, 2008.

cbslocal.com (Global: 1,062^nd place; English: 552^nd place)

chicago.cbslocal.com

Ross, Jeremy (September 15, 2017). "Hispanic Population Surges In Chicago, New Census Data Shows". CBS News. Archived from the original on March 4, 2022.
Blakley, Derrick (July 27, 2016). "With Michelle Obama In Town, Speculation About Future For Their Home". cbslocal.com. Archived from the original on July 30, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
"City Of Chicago Announces E-Scooter Pilot Program And Call For Vendors". CBS 2. May 2, 2019. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2019.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

"Inauguration Day: Brandon Johnson sworn in as Chicago's 57th mayor". CBS News. May 15, 2023. Archived from the original on September 15, 2025. Retrieved September 3, 2025.
Fieldstadt, Elisha (February 23, 2022). "Highest murder rates in the U.S. - The most deadly cities". CBS News. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2023.

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

census.gov

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"2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
"QuickFacts: Chicago city, Illinois". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
"Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012.
"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Chicago city, Illinois". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 23, 2026.
"Census of Population and Housing". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 17, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
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"Comparative Demographic Estimates – 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Chicago". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
"Illinois – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2012.

data.census.gov

"2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
"Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
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www2.census.gov

"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States and Puerto Rico". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. Retrieved July 10, 2026.

quickfacts.census.gov

"Chicago (city), Illinois". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 31, 2014.

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"Grid View: Table B19326 - Census Reporter". censusreporter.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
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"Grid View: Table B03001 - Census Reporter". censusreporter.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
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changeil.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"7 big ideas for making Illinois more (small-d) democratic – CHANGE Illinois". March 28, 2022. Archived from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022.

charlieintel.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"OpTic Chicago officially confirmed for CDL 2021". Charlie INTEL. November 11, 2020. Archived from the original on September 9, 2024. Retrieved September 27, 2024.

chiarts.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chicago High School for the Arts". chiarts.org. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.

chicago.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

chicago.gov

"Crown Fountain in Millennium Park". chicago.gov. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
"Minimum Wage". chicago.gov. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
"City Council, Your Ward & Alderperson". chicago.gov. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
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"O'Hare International Airport Reclaims Title of Busiest Airfield in The World". www.chicago.gov. Archived from the original on May 15, 2026. Retrieved August 15, 2026.

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"Residential Zone Parking". City of Chicago Office of the City Clerk. December 12, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2024.

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"The Home Insurance Building". Chicago Architecture Info. Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 23, 2014.

chicagobusiness.com (Global: 4,609^th place; English: 2,325^th place)

"These are the cities with the most ultra-rich people". Crain's Chicago Business. September 6, 2018. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
Hinz, Greg; Corfman, Thomas. "Rahm Emanuel's performance as Chicago mayor". Crain's Chicago Business. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
Hinz, Greg; Corfman, Thomas. "Rahm Emanuel's performance as Chicago mayor". Crain's Chicago Business. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
"The Onion celebrates controversial Chicago move with banjo playing, steak tartare". Crain's Chicago Business. August 2012. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved June 11, 2013.

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"The Illinois Budget Crisis in Context: A History of Poor Fiscal Performance - Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago". www.chicagofed.org. Retrieved August 22, 2026.

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"Harbors". Chicago Park District. Archived from the original on June 6, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2013.

chicagohistory.org (Global: 5,730^th place; English: 3,326^th place)

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Keating, Ann Durkin. "Metropolitan Growth". In Grossman, Keating & Reiff (2004). Grossman, James R.; Keating, Ann Durkin; Reiff, Janice L., eds. (2004), The Encyclopedia of Chicago, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-31015-9, OCLC 54454572
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Conzen, Michael P. "Global Chicago". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Archived from the original on November 12, 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
Bruegmann, Robert (2005). "Built Environment of the Chicago Region". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Archived from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2013.
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"Exhibits on the Midway Plaisance, 1893". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Archived from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
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"Great Depression". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago History Museum. Archived from the original on April 11, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
Robert W. Rydell. "Century of Progress Exposition". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
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"Russians". encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
"Armenians". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Archived from the original on December 1, 2025. Retrieved December 1, 2025.
"Bosnians". encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
"Fiction". chicagohistory.org. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
"Literary Cultures". chicagohistory.org. Archived from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
"Literary Images of Chicago". chicagohistory.org. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
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chicagomag.com (Global: 5,532^nd place; English: 2,904^th place)

Moser, Whet (August 14, 2012). "Gawker Glosses Chicago's Murder Problem". Chicago (August 2012). Chicago Tribune Media Group. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.

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chicagonow.com (Global: low place; English: 9,636^th place)

Austin Berg (November 16, 2015). "More than half of Chicago aldermen took illegal campaign cash in 2013 | City Limits". Chicagonow.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2015.

chicagoparkdistrict.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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chicagopolice.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"2021 Year End Summary Crime Statistics". Chicago Police Department. Archived from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
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chicagoreader.com (Global: 1,976^th place; English: 1,021^st place)

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Chicago (English Wikipedia)

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