Gottlieb, Nanette (2008). "Japan: Language Planning and Policy in Transition". In Robert B. Kaplan; Richard B. Baldauf (eds.). Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters. Multilingual Matters. p. 133. ISBN978-1-84769-095-1. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
Maher 1995, p. 131: See Table 2. also: "A surprising trend in recent years is for some Japanese parents to send their children to Chinese schools" and "The overwhelming majority of teachers in Chinese schools are Japan-born Chinese residents (e.g. Yokohama Yamate 25 teachers: 19 Japan-born Chinese, 4 Japan- born Japanese, 2 mainland China-born)." Maher, John C. (1995). "The kakyo: Chinese in Japan". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 16 (1–2): 125–138. doi:10.1080/01434632.1995.9994596.
国籍・地域別 在留資格(在留目的)別 在留外国人 [Status of residence by nationality / region (purpose of stay). Other foreigners]. Japanese Bureau of Statistics (in Japanese). 1 December 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
国籍・地域別 在留資格(在留目的)別 在留外国人 [Status of residence by nationality / region (purpose of stay). Other foreigners]. Japanese Bureau of Statistics (in Japanese). 1 December 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.