Emsley, John (2001). "Chromium". Nature's Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 495–498. ISBN978-0-19-850340-8.
Bilgin, Arif; Çağlar, Burhan (eds.). Klasikten Moderne Osmanlı Ekonomisi. Turkey: Kronik Kitap. p. 240. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
Luther, George W. (2016). "Introduction to Transition Metals". Inorganic Chemistry for Geochemistry & Environmental Sciences: Fundamentals & Applications. Hydrate (Solvate) Isomers. John Wiley & Sons. p. 244. ISBN978-1-118-85137-1. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
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Cr(–4) is known in Na4Cr(CO)4; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8). doi:10.1021/ic052110i.
Cr(0) is known in Cr(CO)6; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8). doi:10.1021/ic052110i.
Kotaś, J.; Stasicka, Z. (2000). "Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation". Environmental Pollution. 107 (3): 263–283. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00168-2. PMID15092973.
Theopold, Klaus H.; Kucharczyk, Robin R. (15 December 2011), "Chromium: Organometallic Chemistry", in Scott, Robert A. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. eibc0042, doi:10.1002/9781119951438.eibc0042, ISBN978-1-119-95143-8.
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Zhao J, Xia L, Sehgal A, Lu D, McCreery RL, Frankel GS (2001). "Effects of chromate and chromate conversion coatings on corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3". Surface and Coatings Technology. 140 (1): 51–57. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01003-9. hdl:1811/36519.
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Qiang, Taotao; Gao, Xin; Ren, Jing; Chen, Xiaoke; Wang, Xuechuan (9 December 2015). "A Chrome-Free and Chrome-Less Tanning System Based on the Hyperbranched Polymer". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 4 (3): 701–707. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00917.
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Vincent, JB (2013). "Chromium: Is It Essential, Pharmacologically Relevant, or Toxic?". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland KO Sigel (eds.). Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 13. Springer. pp. 171–198. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_6. ISBN978-94-007-7499-5. PMID24470092.
Maret, Wolfgang (2019). "Chapter 9. Chromium Supplementation in Human Health, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes". In Sigel, Astrid; Freisinger, Eva; Sigel, Roland K. O.; Carver, Peggy L. (eds.). Essential Metals in Medicine:Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic; In: Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 19. Berlin: de Gruyter GmbH. pp. 231–251. doi:10.1515/9783110527872-015. ISBN978-3-11-052691-2. PMID30855110. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
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Vincent, John B (2010). "Chromium: Celebrating 50 years as an essential element?". Dalton Transactions. 39 (16): 3787–3794. doi:10.1039/B920480F. PMID20372701.
Schwarz, K; Mertz, W (1959). "Chromium(III) and the glucose tolerance factor". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 85: 292–95. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(59)90479-5. PMID14444068.
San Mauro-Martin I, Ruiz-León AM, Camina-Martín MA, et al. (2016). "[Chromium supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]". Nutr Hosp (in Spanish). 33 (1): 27. doi:10.20960/nh.v33i1.27. PMID27019254.
Onakpoya, I; Posadzki, P; Ernst, E (2013). "Chromium supplementation in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials". Obes Rev. 14 (6): 496–507. doi:10.1111/obr.12026. PMID23495911. S2CID21832321.
Lefavi RG, Anderson RA, Keith RE, Wilson GD, McMillan JL, Stone MH (1992). "Efficacy of chromium supplementation in athletes: emphasis on anabolism". International Journal of Sport Nutrition. 2 (2): 111–122. doi:10.1123/ijsn.2.2.111. PMID1299487.
Vincent JB (2003). "The potential value and toxicity of chromium picolinate as a nutritional supplement, weight loss agent and muscle development agent". Sports Med. 33 (3): 213–230. doi:10.2165/00007256-200333030-00004. PMID12656641. S2CID9981172.
Ahmed AR, Jha AN, Davies SJ (2012). "The efficacy of chromium as a growth enhancer for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L): an integrated study using biochemical, genetic, and histological responses". Biol Trace Elem Res. 148 (2): 187–197. Bibcode:2012BTER..148..187A. doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9354-4. PMID22351105. S2CID16154712.
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Eastmond, DA; MacGregor, JT; Slesinski, RS (2008). "Trivalent Chromium: Assessing the Genotoxic Risk of an Essential Trace Element and Widely Used Human and Animal Nutritional Supplement". Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 38 (3): 173–190. doi:10.1080/10408440701845401. PMID18324515. S2CID21033504.
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James, Bruce (1996). "The challenge of remediating chromium-contaminated soil". Environmental Science and Technology. 30 (6): 248A –251A. doi:10.1021/es962269h. PMID21648723.
Zhao J, Xia L, Sehgal A, Lu D, McCreery RL, Frankel GS (2001). "Effects of chromate and chromate conversion coatings on corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3". Surface and Coatings Technology. 140 (1): 51–57. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01003-9. hdl:1811/36519.
Gonzalez, A. R.; Ndung'u, K.; Flegal, A. R. (2005). "Natural Occurrence of Hexavalent Chromium in the Aromas Red Sands Aquifer, California". Environmental Science and Technology. 39 (15): 5505–5511. Bibcode:2005EnST...39.5505G. doi:10.1021/es048835n. PMID16124280.
Sreeram, K.; Ramasami, T. (2003). "Sustaining tanning process through conservation, recovery and better utilization of chromium". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 38 (3): 185–212. Bibcode:2003RCR....38..185S. doi:10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00151-9.
Baral, Anil; Engelken, Robert D. (2002). "Chromium-based regulations and greening in metal finishing industries in the USA". Environmental Science & Policy. 5 (2): 121–133. Bibcode:2002ESPol...5..121B. doi:10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00028-X.
Ahmed AR, Jha AN, Davies SJ (2012). "The efficacy of chromium as a growth enhancer for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L): an integrated study using biochemical, genetic, and histological responses". Biol Trace Elem Res. 148 (2): 187–197. Bibcode:2012BTER..148..187A. doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9354-4. PMID22351105. S2CID16154712.
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Fleischer, Michael (1982). "New Mineral Names"(PDF). American Mineralogist. 67: 854–860. Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
Kotaś, J.; Stasicka, Z. (2000). "Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation". Environmental Pollution. 107 (3): 263–283. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00168-2. PMID15092973.
Gonzalez, A. R.; Ndung'u, K.; Flegal, A. R. (2005). "Natural Occurrence of Hexavalent Chromium in the Aromas Red Sands Aquifer, California". Environmental Science and Technology. 39 (15): 5505–5511. Bibcode:2005EnST...39.5505G. doi:10.1021/es048835n. PMID16124280.
Vincent, JB (2013). "Chromium: Is It Essential, Pharmacologically Relevant, or Toxic?". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland KO Sigel (eds.). Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 13. Springer. pp. 171–198. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_6. ISBN978-94-007-7499-5. PMID24470092.
Maret, Wolfgang (2019). "Chapter 9. Chromium Supplementation in Human Health, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes". In Sigel, Astrid; Freisinger, Eva; Sigel, Roland K. O.; Carver, Peggy L. (eds.). Essential Metals in Medicine:Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic; In: Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 19. Berlin: de Gruyter GmbH. pp. 231–251. doi:10.1515/9783110527872-015. ISBN978-3-11-052691-2. PMID30855110. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Finch, Carolyn Weiglein (February 2015). "Review of trace mineral requirements for preterm infants: What are the current recommendations for clinical practice?". Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 30 (1): 44–58. doi:10.1177/0884533614563353. PMID25527182.
Vincent, John B (2010). "Chromium: Celebrating 50 years as an essential element?". Dalton Transactions. 39 (16): 3787–3794. doi:10.1039/B920480F. PMID20372701.
Schwarz, K; Mertz, W (1959). "Chromium(III) and the glucose tolerance factor". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 85: 292–95. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(59)90479-5. PMID14444068.
San Mauro-Martin I, Ruiz-León AM, Camina-Martín MA, et al. (2016). "[Chromium supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]". Nutr Hosp (in Spanish). 33 (1): 27. doi:10.20960/nh.v33i1.27. PMID27019254.
Onakpoya, I; Posadzki, P; Ernst, E (2013). "Chromium supplementation in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials". Obes Rev. 14 (6): 496–507. doi:10.1111/obr.12026. PMID23495911. S2CID21832321.
Lefavi RG, Anderson RA, Keith RE, Wilson GD, McMillan JL, Stone MH (1992). "Efficacy of chromium supplementation in athletes: emphasis on anabolism". International Journal of Sport Nutrition. 2 (2): 111–122. doi:10.1123/ijsn.2.2.111. PMID1299487.
Vincent JB (2003). "The potential value and toxicity of chromium picolinate as a nutritional supplement, weight loss agent and muscle development agent". Sports Med. 33 (3): 213–230. doi:10.2165/00007256-200333030-00004. PMID12656641. S2CID9981172.
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Ahmed AR, Jha AN, Davies SJ (2012). "The efficacy of chromium as a growth enhancer for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L): an integrated study using biochemical, genetic, and histological responses". Biol Trace Elem Res. 148 (2): 187–197. Bibcode:2012BTER..148..187A. doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9354-4. PMID22351105. S2CID16154712.
Katz, SA; Salem, H (1992). "The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 13 (3): 217–224. doi:10.1002/jat.2550130314. PMID8326093. S2CID31117557.
Eastmond, DA; MacGregor, JT; Slesinski, RS (2008). "Trivalent Chromium: Assessing the Genotoxic Risk of an Essential Trace Element and Widely Used Human and Animal Nutritional Supplement". Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 38 (3): 173–190. doi:10.1080/10408440701845401. PMID18324515. S2CID21033504.
Langard, S (1990). "One Hundred Years of Chromium and Cancer: A Review of Epidemiological Evidence and Selected Case Reports". American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 17 (2): 189–214. doi:10.1002/ajim.4700170205. PMID2405656.
Cohen, MD; Kargacin, B; Klein, CB; Costa, M (1993). "Mechanisms of chromium carcinogenicity and toxicity". Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 23 (3): 255–281. doi:10.3109/10408449309105012. PMID8260068.
Basketter, David; Horev, L; Slodovnik, D; Merimes, S; Trattner, A; Ingber, A (2000). "Investigation of the threshold for allergic reactivity to chromium". Contact Dermatitis. 44 (2): 70–74. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440202.x. PMID11205406. S2CID45426346.
James, Bruce (1996). "The challenge of remediating chromium-contaminated soil". Environmental Science and Technology. 30 (6): 248A –251A. doi:10.1021/es962269h. PMID21648723.
"Chromium(III) compounds". National Pollutant Inventory. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
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Vincent JB (2003). "The potential value and toxicity of chromium picolinate as a nutritional supplement, weight loss agent and muscle development agent". Sports Med. 33 (3): 213–230. doi:10.2165/00007256-200333030-00004. PMID12656641. S2CID9981172.
Ahmed AR, Jha AN, Davies SJ (2012). "The efficacy of chromium as a growth enhancer for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L): an integrated study using biochemical, genetic, and histological responses". Biol Trace Elem Res. 148 (2): 187–197. Bibcode:2012BTER..148..187A. doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9354-4. PMID22351105. S2CID16154712.
Katz, SA; Salem, H (1992). "The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 13 (3): 217–224. doi:10.1002/jat.2550130314. PMID8326093. S2CID31117557.
Eastmond, DA; MacGregor, JT; Slesinski, RS (2008). "Trivalent Chromium: Assessing the Genotoxic Risk of an Essential Trace Element and Widely Used Human and Animal Nutritional Supplement". Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 38 (3): 173–190. doi:10.1080/10408440701845401. PMID18324515. S2CID21033504.
"USDA Food Composition Databases". United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. April 2018. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
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Luther, George W. (2016). "Introduction to Transition Metals". Inorganic Chemistry for Geochemistry & Environmental Sciences: Fundamentals & Applications. Hydrate (Solvate) Isomers. John Wiley & Sons. p. 244. ISBN978-1-118-85137-1. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants (1974). Chromium. National Academy of Sciences. ISBN978-0-309-02217-0. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Fleischer, Michael (1982). "New Mineral Names"(PDF). American Mineralogist. 67: 854–860. Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
Casteran, Rene. "Chromite mining". Oregon Encyclopedia. Portland State University and the Oregon Historical Society. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
Glenn, William (1895). "Chrome in the Southern Appalachian Region". Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers. 25: 482. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
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Ortt, Richard A Jr. "Soldier's Delight, Baltimore Country". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Maryland Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
Bilgin, Arif; Çağlar, Burhan (eds.). Klasikten Moderne Osmanlı Ekonomisi. Turkey: Kronik Kitap. p. 240. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
Papp, John F. & Lipin, Bruce R. (2006). "Chromite". Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses (7th ed.). SME. ISBN978-0-87335-233-8. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
Papp, John F. "Mineral Yearbook 2002: Chromium"(PDF). United States Geological Survey. Archived(PDF) from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
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