Chromium (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Chromium" in English language version.

Last modified: 21:18:10, 8 August 2026 (UTC)

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9960nih.gov

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pubs.acs.org

Rai, D; Sass, BM & Moore, DA (1987) Chromium(III) hydrolysis constants and solubility of chromium(III) hydroxide Inorganic Chemistry 26:345-349 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic00250a002

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Fawcett, Eric (1988). "Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60: 209. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..209F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209.
Brandes, EA; Greenaway, HT; Stone, HEN (1956). "Ductility in Chromium". Nature. 178 (4533): 587. Bibcode:1956Natur.178..587B. doi:10.1038/178587a0. S2CID 4221048.
Lind, Michael Acton (1972). "The infrared reflectivity of chromium and chromium-aluminium alloys". Iowa State University Digital Repository. Iowa State University. Bibcode:1972PhDT........54L. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Bos, Laurence William (1969). "Optical properties of chromium-manganese alloys". Iowa State University Digital Repository. Iowa State University. Bibcode:1969PhDT.......118B. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Wallwork, GR (1976). "The oxidation of alloys". Reports on Progress in Physics. 39 (5): 401–485. Bibcode:1976RPPh...39..401W. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/39/5/001. S2CID 250853920.
Birck, JL; Rotaru, M; Allegre, C (1999). "⁵³Mn-⁵³Cr evolution of the early solar system". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 63 (23–24): 4111–4117. Bibcode:1999GeCoA..63.4111B. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00312-9.
Frei, Robert; Gaucher, Claudio; Poulton, Simon W; Canfield, Don E (2009). "Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes". Nature. 461 (7261): 250–253. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..250F. doi:10.1038/nature08266. PMID 19741707. S2CID 4373201.
Kotaś, J.; Stasicka, Z. (2000). "Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation". Environmental Pollution. 107 (3): 263–283. Bibcode:2000EPoll.107..263K. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00168-2. PMID 15092973.
Nguyen, T; Sutton, AD; Brynda, M; Fettinger, JC; Long, GJ; Power, PP (2005). "Synthesis of a stable compound with fivefold bonding between two chromium(I) centers". Science. 310 (5749): 844–847. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..844N. doi:10.1126/science.1116789. PMID 16179432. S2CID 42853922.
Gonzalez, A. R.; Ndung'u, K.; Flegal, A. R. (2005). "Natural Occurrence of Hexavalent Chromium in the Aromas Red Sands Aquifer, California". Environmental Science and Technology. 39 (15): 5505–5511. Bibcode:2005EnST...39.5505G. doi:10.1021/es048835n. PMID 16124280.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. V. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (3): 459–73. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9..459W. doi:10.1021/ed009p459. ISSN 0021-9584.
Moss, SC; Newnham, RE (1964). "The chromium position in ruby" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 120 (4–5): 359–363. Bibcode:1964ZK....120..359M. doi:10.1524/zkri.1964.120.4-5.359. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
Hingston, J; Collins, CD; Murphy, RJ; Lester, JN (2001). "Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives: a review". Environmental Pollution. 111 (1): 53–66. Bibcode:2001EPoll.111...53H. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00030-0. PMID 11202715.
Sreeram, K.; Ramasami, T. (2003). "Sustaining tanning process through conservation, recovery and better utilization of chromium". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 38 (3): 185–212. Bibcode:2003RCR....38..185S. doi:10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00151-9.
Baral, Anil; Engelken, Robert D. (2002). "Chromium-based regulations and greening in metal finishing industries in the USA". Environmental Science & Policy. 5 (2): 121–133. Bibcode:2002ESPol...5..121B. doi:10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00028-X.
Wise, SS; Wise, JP Sr (2012). "Chromium and genomic stability". Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 733 (1–2): 78–82. Bibcode:2012MRFMM.733...78W. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.12.002. PMC 4138963. PMID 22192535.
Vincent, JB (2015). "Is the Pharmacological Mode of Action of Chromium(III) as a Second Messenger?". Biological Trace Element Research. 166 (1): 7–12. Bibcode:2015BTER..166....7V. doi:10.1007/s12011-015-0231-9. PMID 25595680. S2CID 16895342.
Kamerud KL; Hobbie KA; Anderson KA (2013). "Stainless steel leaches nickel and chromium into foods during cooking". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 61 (39): 9495–9501. Bibcode:2013JAFC...61.9495K. doi:10.1021/jf402400v. PMC 4284091. PMID 23984718.
Kumpulainen, JT (1992). "Chromium content of foods and diets". Biological Trace Element Research. 32 (1–3): 9–18. Bibcode:1992BTER...32....9K. doi:10.1007/BF02784582. PMID 1375091. S2CID 10189109.
Vincent, John B (2010). "Chromium: Celebrating 50 years as an essential element?". Dalton Transactions. 39 (16): 3787–3794. Bibcode:2010DTr....39.3787V. doi:10.1039/B920480F. PMID 20372701.
Bailey, Christopher H (January 2014). "Improved meta-analytic methods show no effect of chromium supplements on fasting glucose". Biol Trace Elem Res. 157 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2014BTER..157....1B. doi:10.1007/s12011-013-9863-9. PMID 24293356. S2CID 2441511.
Islam MM, Karim MR, Zheng X, Li X (2018). "Heavy Metal and Metalloid Pollution of Soil, Water and Foods in Bangladesh: A Critical Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (12): 2825. Bibcode:2018IJERP..15.2825I. doi:10.3390/ijerph15122825. PMC 6313774. PMID 30544988.
Bakshi A, Panigrahi AK (2018). "A comprehensive review on chromium induced alterations in fresh water fishes". Toxicol Rep. 5: 440–447. Bibcode:2018ToxR....5..440B. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.007. PMC 5977408. PMID 29854615.
Ahmed AR, Jha AN, Davies SJ (2012). "The efficacy of chromium as a growth enhancer for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L): an integrated study using biochemical, genetic, and histological responses". Biol Trace Elem Res. 148 (2): 187–197. Bibcode:2012BTER..148..187A. doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9354-4. PMID 22351105. S2CID 16154712.
Dayan, AD; Paine, AJ (2001). "Mechanisms of chromium toxicity, carcinogenicity and allergenicity: Review of the literature from 1985 to 2000". Human & Experimental Toxicology. 20 (9): 439–451. Bibcode:2001HETox..20..439D. doi:10.1191/096032701682693062. PMID 11776406. S2CID 31351037.

aircrafttechnic.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Why Are New Airplanes Green?". 6 June 2020.

archive-it.org (Global: 1,292^nd place; English: 869^th place)

wayback.archive-it.org

FDA Qualified Health Claims: Letters of Enforcement Discretion, Letters of Denial U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Docket #2004Q-0144 (August 2005).

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Cotton, FA; Walton, RA (1993). Multiple Bonds Between Metal Atoms. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-855649-7.
Emsley, John (2001). "Chromium". Nature's Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 495–498. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8.
Guertin, Jacques; Jacobs, James Alan & Avakian, Cynthia P. (2005). Chromium (VI) Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 7–11. ISBN 978-1-56670-608-7.
Dennis, JK; Such, TE (1993). "History of Chromium Plating". Nickel and Chromium Plating. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 9–12. ISBN 978-1-85573-081-6.

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520^th place; English: 1,044^th place)

rruff.geo.arizona.edu

Moss, SC; Newnham, RE (1964). "The chromium position in ruby" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 120 (4–5): 359–363. Bibcode:1964ZK....120..359M. doi:10.1524/zkri.1964.120.4-5.359. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2009.

asminternational.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Davis, JR (2000). Alloy digest sourcebook: stainless steels (in Afrikaans). Materials Park, OH: ASM International. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-0-87170-649-2. OCLC 43083287. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.

azom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Stainless Steel Grade 332 (UNS S33200)". AZoNetwork. 5 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
"Super Alloy INCOLOY Alloy 800 (UNS N08800)". AZoNetwork. 3 July 2013. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
Breitsameter, M (15 August 2002). "Thermal Spraying versus Hard Chrome Plating". Azo Materials. AZoNetwork. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2018.

bkmkitap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bilgin, Arif; Çağlar, Burhan (eds.). Klasikten Moderne Osmanlı Ekonomisi. Turkey: Kronik Kitap. p. 240. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2020.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

Champion, Marc (11 January 2018). "How a Trump SoHo Partner Ended Up With Toxic Mining Riches From Kazakhstan". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2018.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Coatings (1970). High-temperature oxidation-resistant coatings: coatings for protection from oxidation of superalloys, refractory metals, and graphite. National Academy of Sciences. ISBN 978-0-309-01769-5. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
Luther, George W. (2016). "Introduction to Transition Metals". Inorganic Chemistry for Geochemistry & Environmental Sciences: Fundamentals & Applications. Hydrate (Solvate) Isomers. John Wiley & Sons. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-118-85137-1. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
John Rieuwerts (14 July 2017). The Elements of Environmental Pollution. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-12679-7. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants (1974). Chromium. National Academy of Sciences. ISBN 978-0-309-02217-0. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas (1798). "Memoir on a New Metallic Acid which exists in the Red Lead of Siberia". Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts. 3: 145–146. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
Papp, John F. & Lipin, Bruce R. (2006). "Chromite". Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses (7th ed.). SME. ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
Morrison, RD; Murphy, BL (4 August 2010). Environmental Forensics: Contaminant Specific Guide. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-049478-4. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
Cotell, CM; Sprague, JA; Smidt, FA (1994). ASM Handbook: Surface Engineering. ASM International. ISBN 978-0-87170-384-2. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
Gettens, Rutherford John (1966). "Chrome yellow". Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopaedia. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-0-486-21597-6.
Marrion, Alastair (2004). The chemistry and physics of coatings. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 287–. ISBN 978-0-85404-604-1.
Webb, Colin E; Jones, Julian DC (2004). Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications: Laser design and laser systems. CRC Press. pp. 323–. ISBN 978-0-7503-0963-9.
Twigg, MVE (1989). "The Water-Gas Shift Reaction". Catalyst Handbook. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7234-0857-4.
Mallinson, John C. (1993). "Chromium Dioxide". The foundations of magnetic recording. Academic Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-12-466626-9.
Toshiro Doi; Ioan D. Marinescu; Syuhei Kurokawa (30 November 2011). Advances in CMP Polishing Technologies. William Andrew. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-4377-7860-1.
Roth, Alexander (1994). Vacuum Sealing Techniques. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 118–. ISBN 978-1-56396-259-2.
Garverick, Linda (1994). Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry. ASM International. ISBN 978-0-87170-505-1. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
Shahid Ul-Islam (18 July 2017). Plant-Based Natural Products: Derivatives and Applications. Wiley. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-1-119-42388-1. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2018.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

msm.cam.ac.uk

Bhadeshia, HK. "Nickel-Based Superalloys". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2009.

casaxps.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Nature of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra". CasaXPS. Casa Software Ltd. 2005. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

wwwn.cdc.gov

"ToxFAQs: Chromium". Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 2001. Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2007.

cdc.gov

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0141". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

chemguide.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Clark, Jim. "Oxidation states (oxidation numbers)". Chemguide. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2018.

ciaaw.org (Global: 9,183^rd place; English: low place)

"Standard Atomic Weights: Chromium". CIAAW. 1983.

degruyter.com (Global: 927^th place; English: 757^th place)

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

dermnetnz.org (Global: 9,182^nd place; English: 8,192^nd place)

Ngan, V (2002). "Chrome Allergy". DermNet NZ. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2008.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Cr(–4) is known in Na₄Cr(CO)₄; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Cr(0) is known in Cr(CO)₆; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i.
Fawcett, Eric (1988). "Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60: 209. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..209F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209.
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
Brandes, EA; Greenaway, HT; Stone, HEN (1956). "Ductility in Chromium". Nature. 178 (4533): 587. Bibcode:1956Natur.178..587B. doi:10.1038/178587a0. S2CID 4221048.
Efsa Panel On Dietetic Products, Nutrition Allergies (NDA) (18 September 2014). "Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for Chromium". EFSA Journal. 12 (10). European Food Safety Authority: 3845. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3845. PMC 13136993. PMID 42087961.
Wallwork, GR (1976). "The oxidation of alloys". Reports on Progress in Physics. 39 (5): 401–485. Bibcode:1976RPPh...39..401W. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/39/5/001. S2CID 250853920.
Birck, JL; Rotaru, M; Allegre, C (1999). "⁵³Mn-⁵³Cr evolution of the early solar system". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 63 (23–24): 4111–4117. Bibcode:1999GeCoA..63.4111B. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00312-9.
Frei, Robert; Gaucher, Claudio; Poulton, Simon W; Canfield, Don E (2009). "Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes". Nature. 461 (7261): 250–253. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..250F. doi:10.1038/nature08266. PMID 19741707. S2CID 4373201.
Kotaś, J.; Stasicka, Z. (2000). "Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation". Environmental Pollution. 107 (3): 263–283. Bibcode:2000EPoll.107..263K. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00168-2. PMID 15092973.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Theopold, Klaus H.; Kucharczyk, Robin R. (15 December 2011), "Chromium: Organometallic Chemistry", in Scott, Robert A. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:10.1002/9781119951438.eibc0042, ISBN 978-1-119-95143-8.
Assfalg, M; Banci, L; Bertini, I; Bruschi, M; Michel, C; Giudici-Orticoni, M; Turano, P (31 July 2002). "NMR structural characterization of the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by cytochrome c7". Protein Data Bank (1LM2). doi:10.2210/pdb1LM2/pdb. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
Gumerova, Nadiia I.; Roller, Alexander; Giester, Gerald; Krzystek, J.; Cano, Joan; Rompel, Annette (19 February 2020). "Incorporation of CrIII into a Keggin Polyoxometalate as a Chemical Strategy to Stabilize a Labile {CrIIIO4} Tetrahedral Conformation and Promote Unattended Single-Ion Magnet Properties". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (7): 3336–3339. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b12797. ISSN 0002-7863. PMC 7052816. PMID 31967803.
Seppelt, Konrad (28 January 2015). "Molecular Hexafluorides". Chemical Reviews. 115 (2): 1296–1306. doi:10.1021/cr5001783. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 25418862.
Thaler, Eric G.; Rypdal, Kristin; Haaland, Arne; Caulton, Kenneth G. (1 June 1989). "Structure and reactivity of chromium(4+) tert-butoxide". Inorganic Chemistry. 28 (12): 2431–2434. doi:10.1021/ic00311a035. ISSN 0020-1669.
Nguyen, T; Sutton, AD; Brynda, M; Fettinger, JC; Long, GJ; Power, PP (2005). "Synthesis of a stable compound with fivefold bonding between two chromium(I) centers". Science. 310 (5749): 844–847. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..844N. doi:10.1126/science.1116789. PMID 16179432. S2CID 42853922.
Gonzalez, A. R.; Ndung'u, K.; Flegal, A. R. (2005). "Natural Occurrence of Hexavalent Chromium in the Aromas Red Sands Aquifer, California". Environmental Science and Technology. 39 (15): 5505–5511. Bibcode:2005EnST...39.5505G. doi:10.1021/es048835n. PMID 16124280.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. V. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (3): 459–73. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9..459W. doi:10.1021/ed009p459. ISSN 0021-9584.
Zhao J, Xia L, Sehgal A, Lu D, McCreery RL, Frankel GS (2001). "Effects of chromate and chromate conversion coatings on corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3". Surface and Coatings Technology. 140 (1): 51–57. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01003-9. hdl:1811/36519.
Gerd Anger et al. "Chromium Compounds" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_067
Moss, SC; Newnham, RE (1964). "The chromium position in ruby" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 120 (4–5): 359–363. Bibcode:1964ZK....120..359M. doi:10.1524/zkri.1964.120.4-5.359. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
Hingston, J; Collins, CD; Murphy, RJ; Lester, JN (2001). "Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives: a review". Environmental Pollution. 111 (1): 53–66. Bibcode:2001EPoll.111...53H. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00030-0. PMID 11202715.
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to chromium and contribution to normal macronutrient metabolism (ID 260, 401, 4665, 4666, 4667), maintenance of normal blood glucose concentrations (ID 262, 4667), contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 339, 4665, 4666), and reduction of tiredness and fatigue (ID 261) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 Archived 21 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine European Food Safety Authority EFSA J 2010;8(10)1732.

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Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
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Thaler, Eric G.; Rypdal, Kristin; Haaland, Arne; Caulton, Kenneth G. (1 June 1989). "Structure and reactivity of chromium(4+) tert-butoxide". Inorganic Chemistry. 28 (12): 2431–2434. doi:10.1021/ic00311a035. ISSN 0020-1669.
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Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. V. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (3): 459–73. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9..459W. doi:10.1021/ed009p459. ISSN 0021-9584.
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Chromium (English Wikipedia)

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