Climate change (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Climate change" in English language version.
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aber.ac.uk
pure.aber.ac.uk
- Smale et al. 2019 Smale, Dan A.; Wernberg, Thomas; Oliver, Eric C. J.; Thomsen, Mads; Harvey, Ben P. (2019). "Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services" (PDF). Nature Climate Change. 9 (4): 306–312. Bibcode:2019NatCC...9..306S. doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0412-1. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 91471054.
acs.org
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agu.org
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aip.org
history.aip.org
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- Weart, Spencer (January 2020). "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988". The Discovery of Global Warming. American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"; Fleming 2008, Arrhenius Weart, Spencer (January 2020). "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect". The Discovery of Global Warming. American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020. Fleming, James R. (17 March 2008). "Climate Change and Anthropogenic Greenhouse Warming: A Selection of Key Articles, 1824–1995, with Interpretive Essays". National Science Digital Library Project Archive PALE:ClassicArticles. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)" Weart, Spencer (January 2020). "The Public and Climate Change: Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)". The Discovery of Global Warming. American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
apo.org.au
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- Teske, ed. 2019, p. xxiii. Teske, Sven, ed. (2019). "Executive Summary" (PDF). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. xiii–xxxv. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 198078901.
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- Teske 2019, pp. 409–410. Teske, Sven (2019). "Trajectories for a Just Transition of the Fossil Fuel Industry". In Teske, Sven (ed.). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. 403–411. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_9. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 133961910.
- United Nations Environment Programme 2019, p. XXIII, Table ES.3; Teske, ed. 2019, p. xxvii, Fig.5. Emissions Gap Report 2019 (PDF). Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme. 2019. ISBN 978-92-807-3766-0. Teske, Sven, ed. (2019). "Executive Summary" (PDF). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. xiii–xxxv. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 198078901.
apstylebook.com
- Associated Press, 22 September 2015: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.". Colford, Paul (22 September 2015). "An addition to AP Stylebook entry on global warming". AP Style Blog. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
archive.today
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- Stroeve et al. 2007; National Geographic, 13 August 2019 Stroeve, J.; Holland, Marika M.; Meier, Walt; Scambos, Ted; et al. (2007). "Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (9): L09501. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..34.9501S. doi:10.1029/2007GL029703. Welch, Craig (13 August 2019). "Arctic permafrost is thawing fast. That affects us all". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
archives-ouvertes.fr
hal.archives-ouvertes.fr
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arxiv.org
- Hansen et al. 2016; Smithsonian, 26 June 2016. Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Hearty, Paul; Ruedy, Reto; et al. (2016). "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16 (6): 3761–3812. arXiv:1602.01393. Bibcode:2016ACP....16.3761H. doi:10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016. ISSN 1680-7316. S2CID 9410444. Wing, Scott L. (29 June 2016). "Studying the Climate of the Past Is Essential for Preparing for Today's Rapidly Changing Climate". Smithsonian. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
- Scientific American, 29 April 2014; Burke & Stott 2017. Ogburn, Stephanie Paige (29 April 2014). "Indian Monsoons Are Becoming More Extreme". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Burke, Claire; Stott, Peter (2017). "Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on the East Asian Summer Monsoon". Journal of Climate. 30 (14): 5205–5220. arXiv:1704.00563. Bibcode:2017JCli...30.5205B. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0892.1. ISSN 0894-8755. S2CID 59509210.
atmos-chem-phys.net
- Hansen et al. 2016; Smithsonian, 26 June 2016. Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Hearty, Paul; Ruedy, Reto; et al. (2016). "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16 (6): 3761–3812. arXiv:1602.01393. Bibcode:2016ACP....16.3761H. doi:10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016. ISSN 1680-7316. S2CID 9410444. Wing, Scott L. (29 June 2016). "Studying the Climate of the Past Is Essential for Preparing for Today's Rapidly Changing Climate". Smithsonian. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
awi.de
epic.awi.de
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bbc.co.uk
- "Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals".
Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
bbc.com
- McGrath, Matt (17 May 2023). "Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time". BBC News. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed.
- BBC, 1 May 2019; Vice, 2 May 2019. "UK Parliament declares climate change emergency". BBC. 1 May 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019. Segalov, Michael (2 May 2019). "The UK Has Declared a Climate Emergency: What Now?". Vice. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
books.google.com
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- von Humboldt, A.; Wulf, A. (2018). Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf. Everyman's Library Classics Series. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-101-90807-5. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- Erdkamp, Paul; Manning, Joseph G.; Verboven, Koenraad (2021). Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience. Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies. Springer International Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-3-030-81103-7. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
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c2es.org
carbonbrief.org
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- Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018, "Who does climate modelling around the world?" McSweeney, Robert M.; Hausfather, Zeke (15 January 2018). "Q&A: How do climate models work?". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018, "What is a climate model?" McSweeney, Robert M.; Hausfather, Zeke (15 January 2018). "Q&A: How do climate models work?". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018, "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?" McSweeney, Robert M.; Hausfather, Zeke (15 January 2018). "Q&A: How do climate models work?". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- Carbon Brief, 19 April 2018; Meinshausen 2019, p. 462. Hausfather, Zeke (19 April 2018). "Explainer: How 'Shared Socioeconomic Pathways' explore future climate change". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 20 July 2019. Meinshausen, Malte (2019). "Implications of the Developed Scenarios for Climate Change". In Teske, Sven (ed.). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. 459–469. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_12. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 133868222.
- Carbon Brief, 10 February 2020 McSweeney, Robert (10 February 2020). "Nine Tipping Points That Could Be Triggered by Climate Change". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
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- Carbon Brief, 21 November 2017 Yeo, Sophie (21 November 2017). "Explainer: Why a UN climate deal on HFCs matters". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
cbsnews.com
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climate.gov
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climatechange2013.org
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commonslibrary.org
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copernicus.eu
climate.copernicus.eu
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essd.copernicus.org
- Forster et al. 2024, p. 2626: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced." Forster, P. M.; Smith, C. J.; Walsh, T.; Lamb, W. F.; et al. (2024). "Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence" (PDF). Earth System Science Data. 16 (6): 2625–2658. Bibcode:2023ESSD...15.2295F. doi:10.5194/essd-16-2625-2024. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- Forster et al. 2024, p. 2626 Forster, P. M.; Smith, C. J.; Walsh, T.; Lamb, W. F.; et al. (2024). "Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence" (PDF). Earth System Science Data. 16 (6): 2625–2658. Bibcode:2023ESSD...15.2295F. doi:10.5194/essd-16-2625-2024. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- von Schuckman, K.; Cheng, L.; Palmer, M. D.; Hansen, J.; et al. (7 September 2020). "Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?". Earth System Science Data. 12 (3): 2013–2041. Bibcode:2020ESSD...12.2013V. doi:10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020. hdl:20.500.11850/443809.
acp.copernicus.org
- Quaas, Johannes; Jia, Hailing; Smith, Chris; Albright, Anna Lea; Aas, Wenche; Bellouin, Nicolas; Boucher, Olivier; Doutriaux-Boucher, Marie; Forster, Piers M.; Grosvenor, Daniel; Jenkins, Stuart; Klimont, Zbigniew; Loeb, Norman G.; Ma, Xiaoyan; Naik, Vaishali; Paulot, Fabien; Stier, Philip; Wild, Martin; Myhre, Gunnar; Schulz, Michael (21 September 2022). "Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 22 (18): 12221–12239. Bibcode:2022ACP....2212221Q. doi:10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022. hdl:20.500.11850/572791. S2CID 252446168.
- WMO SAOD Executive Summary 2022, p. 15; Velders et al. 2022 Velders, G. J. M.; et al. (2022). "Projections of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions and the resulting global warming based on recent trends in observed abundances and current policies". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 22 (9): 6087–6101. Bibcode:2022ACP....22.6087V. doi:10.5194/acp-22-6087-2022. hdl:1721.1/148197.
cornell.edu
nsdl.library.cornell.edu
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- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 67: "Concentrations of CO2, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current CO2 concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years." Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SROCC 2019, p. 16: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)." IPCC (2019). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D. C.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; et al. (eds.). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (PDF). In press.
- IPCC (2019). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 3–35.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11 2021, p. 1517 Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Zhang, Xuebin; Adnan, M.; Badi, W.; et al. (2021). "Chapter 11: Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 64: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment." Allen, M. R.; Dube, O. P.; Solecki, W.; Aragón-Durand, F.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 1: Framing and Context" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 49–91.
- IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 64: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment." Allen, M. R.; Dube, O. P.; Solecki, W.; Aragón-Durand, F.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 1: Framing and Context" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 49–91.
- "Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability". IPCC. 27 February 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 71 Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, pp. 95–96: "In model pathways with no or limited overshoot of 1.5 °C, global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions decline by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030 (40–60% interquartile range), reaching net zero around 2050 (2045–2055 interquartile range)" Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 93–174.
- IPCC SR15 2018, p. 17, SPM C.3: "All pathways that limit global warming to 1.5 °C with limited or no overshoot project the use of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) on the order of 100–1000 GtCO2 over the 21st century. CDR would be used to compensate for residual emissions and, in most cases, achieve net negative emissions to return global warming to 1.5 °C following a peak (high confidence). CDR deployment of several hundreds of GtCO2 is subject to multiple feasibility and sustainability constraints (high confidence)." IPCC (2018). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.; et al. (eds.). Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global Warming of 1.5 °C –.
- IPCC (2018). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 3–24.
- IPCC SR15 2018, p. 17, SPM C.3: "All pathways that limit global warming to 1.5 °C with limited or no overshoot project the use of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) on the order of 100–1000 GtCO2 over the 21st century. CDR would be used to compensate for residual emissions and, in most cases, achieve net negative emissions to return global warming to 1.5 °C following a peak (high confidence). CDR deployment of several hundreds of GtCO2 is subject to multiple feasibility and sustainability constraints (high confidence)." IPCC (2018). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.; et al. (eds.). Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global Warming of 1.5 °C –.
- IPCC (2018). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 3–24.
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary 2022, p. 84: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)." Pathak, M.; Slade, R.; Shukla, P.R.; Skea, J.; Pichs-Madruga, R.; Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2022). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG3 2022. pp. 51–148. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.002. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6.
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary 2022, p. 84: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)." Pathak, M.; Slade, R.; Shukla, P.R.; Skea, J.; Pichs-Madruga, R.; Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2022). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG3 2022. pp. 51–148. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.002. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2 2021, pp. 294, 296. Gulev, Sergey K.; Thorne, Peter W.; Ahn, Jinho; Dentener, Frank J.; et al. (2021). "Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2 2021, p. 366. Gulev, Sergey K.; Thorne, Peter W.; Ahn, Jinho; Dentener, Frank J.; et al. (2021). "Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2 2021, p. 296. Gulev, Sergey K.; Thorne, Peter W.; Ahn, Jinho; Dentener, Frank J.; et al. (2021). "Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5 2013, p. 386 Masson-Delmotte, V.; Schulz, M.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Beer, J.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 383–464.
- IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 57: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900" Allen, M. R.; Dube, O. P.; Solecki, W.; Aragón-Durand, F.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 1: Framing and Context" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 49–91.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 43 Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 81. Allen, M. R.; Dube, O. P.; Solecki, W.; Aragón-Durand, F.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 1: Framing and Context" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 49–91.
- IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, US, pp. 3–32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, pp. 257–260 IPCC (2022). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.C.; Tignor, M.; Poloczanska, E.S.; Mintenbeck, K.; Alegría, A.; Craig, M.; Langsdorf, S.; Löschke, S.; Möller, V.; Okem, A.; Rama, B. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3 2013, p. 257: "Ocean warming dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total. Rhein, M.; Rintoul, S. R.; Aoki, S.; Campos, E.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 255–315.
- "Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis" (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 7 August 2021. IPCC AR6 WGI. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2024.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, pp. 43–44 Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10 2013, p. 916. Bindoff, N. L.; Stott, P. A.; AchutaRao, K. M.; Allen, M. R.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 867–952.
- Knutson 2017, p. 443; IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10 2013, pp. 875–876 Knutson, T. (2017). "Appendix C: Detection and attribution methodologies overview.". In USGCRP2017. pp. 1–470. Bindoff, N. L.; Stott, P. A.; AchutaRao, K. M.; Allen, M. R.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 867–952.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. TS-35. Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019, p. 450. Bindoff, N. L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Kairo, J. G.; Arístegui, J.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 447–587.
- IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019, p. 172: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land." Jia, G.; Shevliakova, E.; Artaxo, P. E.; De Noblet-Ducoudré, N.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions" (PDF). IPCC SRCCL 2019. pp. 131–247.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2 2013, p. 183. Hartmann, D. L.; Klein Tank, A. M. G.; Rusticucci, M.; Alexander, L. V.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 159–254.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 58: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)" Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 2013, p. 14 IPCC (2013). Stocker, T. F.; Qin, D.; Plattner, G.-K.; Tignor, M.; et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (PDF). Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK & New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05799-9.. AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – IPCC
- IPCC (2013). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 93: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases." Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. TS-122, Box TS.5, Figure 1 Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019, pp. 133, 144. Jia, G.; Shevliakova, E.; Artaxo, P. E.; De Noblet-Ducoudré, N.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions" (PDF). IPCC SRCCL 2019. pp. 131–247.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, pp. 58, 59: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks." Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, p. 1302 IPCC (2022). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.C.; Tignor, M.; Poloczanska, E.S.; Mintenbeck, K.; Alegría, A.; Craig, M.; Langsdorf, S.; Löschke, S.; Möller, V.; Okem, A.; Rama, B. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019, p. 510; "Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms". EPA. 5 September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2020. Bindoff, N. L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Kairo, J. G.; Arístegui, J.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 447–587.
- IPCC SR15 Ch3 2018, p. 283. Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.; Bindi, M.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5 °C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 175–311.
- IPCC SR15 Ch3 2018, p. 218. Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.; Bindi, M.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5 °C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 175–311.
- IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019, p. 133. Jia, G.; Shevliakova, E.; Artaxo, P. E.; De Noblet-Ducoudré, N.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions" (PDF). IPCC SRCCL 2019. pp. 131–247.
- IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019, p. 510 Bindoff, N. L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Kairo, J. G.; Arístegui, J.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 447–587.
- IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019, p. 451. Bindoff, N. L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Kairo, J. G.; Arístegui, J.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 447–587.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6 2022, p. 988 Dodman, D.; Hayward, B.; Pelling, M.; Castan Broto, V.; Chow, W.; Chu, E.; Dawson, R.; Khirfan, L.; McPhearson, T.; Prakash, A.; Zheng, Y.; Ziervogel, G. (2022). "Cities, Settlements and Key Infrastructure" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 907–1040. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.008. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5 2022, p. 748 Bezner Kerr, R.; Hasegawa, T.; Lasco, R.; Bhatt, I.; Deryng, D.; Farrell, A.; Gurney-Smith, H.; Ju, H.; Lluch-Cota, S.; Meza, F.; Nelson, G.; Neufeldt, H.; Thornton, P. (2022). "Food, Fibre and Other Ecosystem Products" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 713–906. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.007. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary 2022, p. 63 IPCC (2022). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 37–118. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.002. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, p. 725 IPCC (2022). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.C.; Tignor, M.; Poloczanska, E.S.; Mintenbeck, K.; Alegría, A.; Craig, M.; Langsdorf, S.; Löschke, S.; Möller, V.; Okem, A.; Rama, B. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC SROCC Ch4 2019, p. 328. Oppenheimer, M.; Glavovic, B.; Hinkel, J.; van de Wal, R.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 321–445.
- Cattaneo et al. 2019; IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, pp. 15, 53 Cattaneo, Cristina; Beine, Michel; Fröhlich, Christiane J.; Kniveton, Dominic; et al. (2019). "Human Migration in the Era of Climate Change". Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. 13 (2): 189–206. doi:10.1093/reep/rez008. hdl:10.1093/reep/rez008. ISSN 1750-6816. S2CID 198660593. IPCC (2022). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.C.; Tignor, M.; Poloczanska, E.S.; Mintenbeck, K.; Alegría, A.; Craig, M.; Langsdorf, S.; Löschke, S.; Möller, V.; Okem, A.; Rama, B. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC SRCCL Ch5 2019, pp. 439, 464. Mbow, C.; Rosenzweig, C.; Barioni, L. G.; Benton, T.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Food Security" (PDF). IPCC SRCCL 2019. pp. 437–550.
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3 2022, p. 300: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)." Riahi, K.; Schaeffer, R.; Arango, J.; Calvin, K.; Guivarch, C.; Hasegawa, T.; Jiang, K.; Kriegler, E.; Matthews, R.; Peters, G.P.; Rao, A.; Robertson, S.; Sebbit, A.M.; Steinberger, J.; Tavoni, M.; van Vuuren, D.P. (2022). "Mitigation Pathways Compatible with Long-term Goals" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG3 2022. pp. 295–408. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.005. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6.
- IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, p. 109. Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 93–174.
- IPCC SR15 Ch3 2018, p. 266: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services." Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.; Bindi, M.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5 °C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 175–311.
- IPCC SR15 2018, p. 34; IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers 2018, p. 17 IPCC (2018). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.; et al. (eds.). Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global Warming of 1.5 °C –.
- IPCC (2018). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 3–24.
- IPCC SR15 Ch4 2018, pp. 347–352 de Coninck, H.; Revi, A.; Babiker, M.; Bertoldi, P.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 4: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 313–443.
- "IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change". Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, p. 131, Figure 2.15 Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 93–174.
- IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, pp. 142–144; United Nations Environment Programme 2019, Table ES.3 & p. 49 Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 93–174. Emissions Gap Report 2019 (PDF). Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme. 2019. ISBN 978-92-807-3766-0.
- IPCC SR15 Ch4 2018, pp. 324–325. de Coninck, H.; Revi, A.; Babiker, M.; Bertoldi, P.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 4: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 313–443.
- WHO 2018, p. 27; Vandyck et al. 2018; IPCC SR15 2018, p. 97: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration." COP24 Special Report Health and Climate Change (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2018. ISBN 978-92-4-151497-2. Vandyck, T.; Keramidas, K.; Kitous, A.; Spadaro, J.; et al. (2018). "Air quality co-benefits for human health and agriculture counterbalance costs to meet Paris Agreement pledges". Nature Communications. 9 (4939): 4939. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.4939V. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06885-9. PMC 6250710. PMID 30467311. IPCC (2018). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.; et al. (eds.). Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global Warming of 1.5 °C –.
- IPCC (2018). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 3–24.
- IPCC AR6 WG3 2022, p. 300 IPCC (2022). Shukla, P.R.; Skea, J.; et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009157926. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG3 2022.
- IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, p. 97 Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 93–174.
- IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, p. 155, Fig. 2.27 Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 93–174.
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At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature
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