Climate change (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Climate change" in English language version.
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aber.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 7,536th place)
pure.aber.ac.uk
- Smale et al. 2019 Smale, Dan A.; Wernberg, Thomas; Oliver, Eric C. J.; Thomsen, Mads; Harvey, Ben P. (2019). "Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services" (PDF). Nature Climate Change. 9 (4): 306–312. Bibcode:2019NatCC...9..306S. doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0412-1. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 91471054.
acs.org (Global: 1,248th place; English: 1,104th place)
- ACS. "What Is the Greenhouse Effect?". Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
agu.org (Global: 6,456th place; English: 6,101st place)
news.agu.org
- "Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming". American Geophysical Union. 18 February 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
aip.org (Global: 2,204th place; English: 1,735th place)
history.aip.org
- Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988", "News reporters gave only a little attention ...".
- Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)" Weart, Spencer (January 2020). "The Public and Climate Change (cont. – since 1980)". The Discovery of Global warming. American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- Weart, Spencer (January 2020). "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988". The Discovery of Global Warming. American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"; Fleming 2008, Arrhenius Weart, Spencer (January 2020). "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect". The Discovery of Global Warming. American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020. Fleming, James R. (17 March 2008). "Climate Change and Anthropogenic Greenhouse Warming: A Selection of Key Articles, 1824–1995, with Interpretive Essays". National Science Digital Library Project Archive PALE:ClassicArticles. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)" Weart, Spencer (January 2020). "The Public and Climate Change: Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)". The Discovery of Global Warming. American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
ametsoc.org (Global: 4,162nd place; English: 3,578th place)
journals.ametsoc.org
- Herring, Stephanie C.; Hoell, Andrew; Hoerling, Martin P.; Kossin, James P.; Schreck III, Carl J.; Stott, Peter A. (1 December 2016). "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society / Introduction to Explaining Extreme Events of 2015 from a Climate Perspective". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 28 June 2025.
apo.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Carbon Brief, 19 April 2018; Meinshausen 2019, p. 462. Hausfather, Zeke (19 April 2018). "Explainer: How 'Shared Socioeconomic Pathways' explore future climate change". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 20 July 2019. Meinshausen, Malte (2019). "Implications of the Developed Scenarios for Climate Change". In Teske, Sven (ed.). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. 459–469. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_12. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 133868222.
- Teske, ed. 2019, p. xxiii. Teske, Sven, ed. (2019). "Executive Summary" (PDF). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. xiii–xxxv. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 198078901.
- IEA 2021, p. 57, Fig 2.5; Teske et al. 2019, p. 180, Table 8.1 IEA (October 2021). Net Zero By 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector (PDF) (Report). Paris, France. Retrieved 4 April 2022. Teske, Sven; Pregger, Thomas; Naegler, Tobias; Simon, Sonja; et al. (2019). "Energy Scenario Results". In Teske, Sven (ed.). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. 175–402. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_8. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2.
- Teske 2019, pp. 409–410. Teske, Sven (2019). "Trajectories for a Just Transition of the Fossil Fuel Industry". In Teske, Sven (ed.). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. 403–411. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_9. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 133961910.
- United Nations Environment Programme 2019, p. XXIII, Table ES.3; Teske, ed. 2019, p. xxvii, Fig.5. Emissions Gap Report 2019 (PDF). Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme. 2019. ISBN 978-92-807-3766-0. Teske, Sven, ed. (2019). "Executive Summary" (PDF). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. xiii–xxxv. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 198078901.
apstylebook.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Associated Press, 22 September 2015: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.". Colford, Paul (22 September 2015). "An addition to AP Stylebook entry on global warming". AP Style Blog. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)
- Top 700 meters: Lindsey, Rebecca; Dahlman, Luann (6 September 2023). "Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content". climate.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. ● Top 2000 meters: "Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955". NASA.gov. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023.
- Stroeve et al. 2007; National Geographic, 13 August 2019 Stroeve, J.; Holland, Marika M.; Meier, Walt; Scambos, Ted; et al. (2007). "Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (9): L09501. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..34.9501S. doi:10.1029/2007GL029703. Welch, Craig (13 August 2019). "Arctic permafrost is thawing fast. That affects us all". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,031st place; English: 879th place)
hal.archives-ouvertes.fr
- IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9 2007, pp. 702–703; Randel et al. 2009. Hegerl, G. C.; Zwiers, F. W.; Braconnot, P.; Gillett, N. P.; et al. (2007). "Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change" (PDF). IPCC AR4 WG1 2007. pp. 663–745. Randel, William J.; Shine, Keith P.; Austin, John; Barnett, John; et al. (2009). "An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (D2): D02107. Bibcode:2009JGRD..114.2107R. doi:10.1029/2008JD010421. HAL hal-00355600.
arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; English: 59th place)
- Hansen et al. 2016; Smithsonian, 26 June 2016. Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Hearty, Paul; Ruedy, Reto; et al. (2016). "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16 (6): 3761–3812. arXiv:1602.01393. Bibcode:2016ACP....16.3761H. doi:10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016. ISSN 1680-7316. S2CID 9410444. Wing, Scott L. (29 June 2016). "Studying the Climate of the Past Is Essential for Preparing for Today's Rapidly Changing Climate". Smithsonian. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
- Scientific American, 29 April 2014; Burke & Stott 2017. Ogburn, Stephanie Paige (29 April 2014). "Indian Monsoons Are Becoming More Extreme". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Burke, Claire; Stott, Peter (2017). "Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on the East Asian Summer Monsoon". Journal of Climate. 30 (14): 5205–5220. arXiv:1704.00563. Bibcode:2017JCli...30.5205B. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0892.1. ISSN 0894-8755. S2CID 59509210.
- Ditlevsen, Peter; Ditlevsen, Susanne (25 July 2023). "Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 4254. arXiv:2304.09160. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.4254D. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 10368695. PMID 37491344.
atmos-chem-phys.net (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Hansen et al. 2016; Smithsonian, 26 June 2016. Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Hearty, Paul; Ruedy, Reto; et al. (2016). "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16 (6): 3761–3812. arXiv:1602.01393. Bibcode:2016ACP....16.3761H. doi:10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016. ISSN 1680-7316. S2CID 9410444. Wing, Scott L. (29 June 2016). "Studying the Climate of the Past Is Essential for Preparing for Today's Rapidly Changing Climate". Smithsonian. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
awi.de (Global: low place; English: low place)
epic.awi.de
- Cohen et al. 2014. Cohen, Judah; Screen, James; Furtado, Jason C.; Barlow, Mathew; et al. (2014). "Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 7 (9): 627–637. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7..627C. doi:10.1038/ngeo2234. ISSN 1752-0908.
- Lau, Sally C. Y.; Wilson, Nerida G.; Golledge, Nicholas R.; Naish, Tim R.; Watts, Phillip C.; Silva, Catarina N. S.; Cooke, Ira R.; Allcock, A. Louise; Mark, Felix C.; Linse, Katrin (21 December 2023). "Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial" (PDF). Science. 382 (6677): 1384–1389. Bibcode:2023Sci...382.1384L. doi:10.1126/science.ade0664. PMID 38127761. S2CID 266436146.
bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)
- "Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals".
Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)
- Winfield, E.; Ostoja, S. (2020). "Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]". USDA California Climate Hub. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
- McGrath, Matt (17 May 2023). "Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time". BBC News. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed.
- BBC, 1 May 2019; Vice, 2 May 2019. "UK Parliament declares climate change emergency". BBC. 1 May 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019. Segalov, Michael (2 May 2019). "The UK Has Declared a Climate Emergency: What Now?". Vice. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)
- Dunlap & McCright 2011, pp. 144, 155; Björnberg et al. 2017 Dunlap, Riley E.; McCright, Aaron M. (2011). "Chapter 10: Organized climate change denial". In Dryzek, John S.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosberg, David (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press. pp. 144–160. ISBN 978-0-19-956660-0. Björnberg, Karin Edvardsson; Karlsson, Mikael; Gilek, Michael; Hansson, Sven Ove (2017). "Climate and environmental science denial: A review of the scientific literature published in 1990–2015". Journal of Cleaner Production. 167: 229–241. Bibcode:2017JCPro.167..229B. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.066. ISSN 0959-6526.
- Newell 2006, p. 80; Yale Climate Connections, 2 November 2010 Newell, Peter (14 December 2006). Climate for Change: Non-State Actors and the Global Politics of the Greenhouse. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02123-4. Retrieved 30 July 2018. Peach, Sara (2 November 2010). "Yale Researcher Anthony Leiserowitz on Studying, Communicating with American Public". Yale Climate Connections. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- Foote, Eunice (November 1856). "Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays". The American Journal of Science and Arts. 22: 382–383. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- Nord, D. C. (2020). Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action. Springer Polar Sciences. Springer International Publishing. p. 51. ISBN 978-3-030-52324-4. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- Mukherjee, A.; Scanlon, B. R.; Aureli, A.; Langan, S.; Guo, H.; McKenzie, A. A. (2020). Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and Solutions. Elsevier Science. p. 331. ISBN 978-0-12-818173-7. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- von Humboldt, A.; Wulf, A. (2018). Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt: Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf. Everyman's Library Classics Series. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-101-90807-5. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- Erdkamp, Paul; Manning, Joseph G.; Verboven, Koenraad (2021). Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East: Diversity in Collapse and Resilience. Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies. Springer International Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-3-030-81103-7. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- Archer & Pierrehumbert 2013, pp. 10–14 Archer, David; Pierrehumbert, Raymond (2013). The Warming Papers: The Scientific Foundation for the Climate Change Forecast. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68733-8.
- Foote, Eunice (November 1856). "Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays". The American Journal of Science and Arts. 22: 382–383. Retrieved 31 January 2016 – via Google Books.
- Archer & Pierrehumbert 2013, pp. 39–42; Fleming 2008, Tyndall Archer, David; Pierrehumbert, Raymond (2013). The Warming Papers: The Scientific Foundation for the Climate Change Forecast. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68733-8. Fleming, James R. (17 March 2008). "Climate Change and Anthropogenic Greenhouse Warming: A Selection of Key Articles, 1824–1995, with Interpretive Essays". National Science Digital Library Project Archive PALE:ClassicArticles. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- National Academies 2008, p. 2; Oreskes 2007, p. 68; Gleick, 7 January 2017 National Academies (2008). Understanding and responding to climate change: Highlights of National Academies Reports, 2008 edition (PDF) (Report). National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2010. Oreskes, Naomi (2007). "The scientific consensus on climate change: How do we know we're not wrong?". In DiMento, Joseph F. C.; Doughman, Pamela M. (eds.). Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-54193-0. Gleick, Peter (7 January 2017). "Statements on Climate Change from Major Scientific Academies, Societies, and Associations (January 2017 update)". ScienceBlogs. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
c2es.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
carbonbrief.org (Global: low place; English: 9,497th place)
carbonbrief.org
- Carbon Brief, 3 July 2023 Hausfather, Zeke; Forster, Piers (3 July 2023). "Analysis: How low-sulphur shipping rules are affecting global warming". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018, "What are the different types of climate models?" McSweeney, Robert M.; Hausfather, Zeke (15 January 2018). "Q&A: How do climate models work?". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018, "Who does climate modelling around the world?" McSweeney, Robert M.; Hausfather, Zeke (15 January 2018). "Q&A: How do climate models work?". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018, "What is a climate model?" McSweeney, Robert M.; Hausfather, Zeke (15 January 2018). "Q&A: How do climate models work?". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018, "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?" McSweeney, Robert M.; Hausfather, Zeke (15 January 2018). "Q&A: How do climate models work?". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- Carbon Brief, 19 April 2018; Meinshausen 2019, p. 462. Hausfather, Zeke (19 April 2018). "Explainer: How 'Shared Socioeconomic Pathways' explore future climate change". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 20 July 2019. Meinshausen, Malte (2019). "Implications of the Developed Scenarios for Climate Change". In Teske, Sven (ed.). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. pp. 459–469. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_12. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. S2CID 133868222.
- Carbon Brief, 10 February 2020 McSweeney, Robert (10 February 2020). "Nine Tipping Points That Could Be Triggered by Climate Change". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- Carbon Brief, 7 January 2020. Dunne, Daisy; Gabbatiss, Josh; McSweeney, Robert (7 January 2020). "Media reaction: Australia's bushfires and climate change". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- Carbon Brief, 19 June 2017 McSweeney, Robert M. (19 June 2017). "Billions to face 'deadly threshold' of heat extremes by 2100, finds study". Carbon Brief.
- Carbon Brief, 16 October 2021 Gabbatiss, Josh; Tandon, Ayesha (4 October 2021). "In-depth Q&A: What is 'climate justice'?". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- Carbon Brief, 4 Jan 2017. Yeo, Sophie (4 January 2017). "Clean energy: The challenge of achieving a 'just transition' for workers". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- Climate Focus 2015, p. 3; Carbon Brief, 8 October 2018. Climate Focus (December 2015). "The Paris Agreement: Summary. Climate Focus Client Brief on the Paris Agreement III" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2019. Hausfather, Zeke (8 October 2018). "Analysis: Why the IPCC 1.5C report expanded the carbon budget". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- Carbon Brief, 21 November 2017 Yeo, Sophie (21 November 2017). "Explainer: Why a UN climate deal on HFCs matters". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
interactive.carbonbrief.org
- McSweeney, Robert; Tandon, Ayesha (18 November 2024). "Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world". Climate Central. Archived from the original on 10 June 2025.
cbsnews.com (Global: 108th place; English: 80th place)
- Ivanova, Irina (2 June 2022). "California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years". CBS News.
climate.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Top 700 meters: Lindsey, Rebecca; Dahlman, Luann (6 September 2023). "Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content". climate.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. ● Top 2000 meters: "Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955". NASA.gov. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023.
- "Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content". Noaa Climate.gov. NOAA. 2018. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- NOAA, 10 July 2011. NOAA (10 July 2011). "Polar Opposites: the Arctic and Antarctic". Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- Climate.gov, 23 June 2022: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade." Lindsey, Rebecca (23 June 2022). "Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide". Climate.gov. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- Huddleston 2019 Huddleston, Amara (17 July 2019). "Happy 200th birthday to Eunice Foote, hidden climate science pioneer". NOAA Climate.gov. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
climateactiontracker.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "India". Climate Action Tracker. 15 September 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
climateanalytics.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Serdeczny et al. 2016. Serdeczny, Olivia; Adams, Sophie; Baarsch, Florent; Coumou, Dim; et al. (2016). "Climate change impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa: from physical changes to their social repercussions" (PDF). Regional Environmental Change. 17 (6): 1585–1600. doi:10.1007/s10113-015-0910-2. hdl:1871.1/c8dfb143-d9e1-4eef-9bbe-67b3c338d07f. ISSN 1436-378X. S2CID 3900505.
climatechange2013.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- IPCC AR5 WG1 2013, p. 14 IPCC (2013). Stocker, T. F.; Qin, D.; Plattner, G.-K.; Tignor, M.; et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (PDF). Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK & New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05799-9.. AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – IPCC
- IPCC (2013). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013.
climatefocus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Climate Focus 2015, p. 3; Carbon Brief, 8 October 2018. Climate Focus (December 2015). "The Paris Agreement: Summary. Climate Focus Client Brief on the Paris Agreement III" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2019. Hausfather, Zeke (8 October 2018). "Analysis: Why the IPCC 1.5C report expanded the carbon budget". Carbon Brief. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- Climate Focus 2015, p. 5. Climate Focus (December 2015). "The Paris Agreement: Summary. Climate Focus Client Brief on the Paris Agreement III" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
cogitatiopress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- The Guardian, 19 March 2019; Boulianne, Lalancette & Ilkiw 2020. Carrington, Damian (19 March 2019). "School climate strikes: 1.4 million people took part, say campaigners". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019. Boulianne, Shelley; Lalancette, Mireille; Ilkiw, David (2020). ""School Strike 4 Climate": Social Media and the International Youth Protest on Climate Change". Media and Communication. 8 (2): 208–218. doi:10.17645/mac.v8i2.2768. ISSN 2183-2439.
commonslibrary.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Gulliver, Robyn (3 November 2021). "A Comparative Analysis of Australian Media Coverage of the 2019 Climate Protests". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
- Hartley, Sophie (10 October 2023). "Climate Activism: Start Here". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
copernicus.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)
climate.copernicus.eu
- "2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023". Copernicus Programme. 10 January 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
copernicus.org (Global: 7,281st place; English: 5,368th place)
essd.copernicus.org
- Forster et al. 2024, p. 2626: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced." Forster, P. M.; Smith, C. J.; Walsh, T.; Lamb, W. F.; et al. (2024). "Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence" (PDF). Earth System Science Data. 16 (6): 2625–2658. Bibcode:2023ESSD...15.2295F. doi:10.5194/essd-16-2625-2024. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
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cornell.edu (Global: 332nd place; English: 246th place)
nsdl.library.cornell.edu
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creativecommons.org (Global: 1,010th place; English: 612th place)
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Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) - Dunlap & McCright 2011, pp. 144, 155; Björnberg et al. 2017 Dunlap, Riley E.; McCright, Aaron M. (2011). "Chapter 10: Organized climate change denial". In Dryzek, John S.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosberg, David (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press. pp. 144–160. ISBN 978-0-19-956660-0. Björnberg, Karin Edvardsson; Karlsson, Mikael; Gilek, Michael; Hansson, Sven Ove (2017). "Climate and environmental science denial: A review of the scientific literature published in 1990–2015". Journal of Cleaner Production. 167: 229–241. Bibcode:2017JCPro.167..229B. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.066. ISSN 0959-6526.
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icj-cij.org (Global: 3,889th place; English: 3,892nd place)
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Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.
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- IEA 2020b IEA (December 2020). "COVID-19 and energy efficiency". Energy Efficiency 2020 (Report). Paris, France. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
iisd.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- International Institute for Sustainable Development 2019, p. iv Bridle, Richard; Sharma, Shruti; Mostafa, Mostafa; Geddes, Anna (June 2019). Fossil Fuel to Clean Energy Subsidy Swaps (PDF) (Report).
imf.org (Global: 142nd place; English: 363rd place)
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ipcc.ch (Global: 1,778th place; English: 1,339th place)
ipcc.ch
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 67: "Concentrations of CO2, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current CO2 concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years." Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 67: "Concentrations of CO2, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current CO2 concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years." Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SROCC 2019, p. 16: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)." IPCC (2019). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D. C.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; et al. (eds.). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (PDF). In press.
- IPCC (2019). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 3–35.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11 2021, p. 1517 Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Zhang, Xuebin; Adnan, M.; Badi, W.; et al. (2021). "Chapter 11: Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 64: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment." Allen, M. R.; Dube, O. P.; Solecki, W.; Aragón-Durand, F.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 1: Framing and Context" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 49–91.
- "Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability". IPCC. 27 February 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 71 Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary 2022, p. 84: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)." Pathak, M.; Slade, R.; Shukla, P.R.; Skea, J.; Pichs-Madruga, R.; Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2022). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG3 2022. pp. 51–148. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.002. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6.
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary 2022, p. 84: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)." Pathak, M.; Slade, R.; Shukla, P.R.; Skea, J.; Pichs-Madruga, R.; Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2022). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG3 2022. pp. 51–148. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.002. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2 2021, pp. 294, 296. Gulev, Sergey K.; Thorne, Peter W.; Ahn, Jinho; Dentener, Frank J.; et al. (2021). "Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2 2021, p. 366. Gulev, Sergey K.; Thorne, Peter W.; Ahn, Jinho; Dentener, Frank J.; et al. (2021). "Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2 2021, p. 296. Gulev, Sergey K.; Thorne, Peter W.; Ahn, Jinho; Dentener, Frank J.; et al. (2021). "Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5 2013, p. 386 Masson-Delmotte, V.; Schulz, M.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Beer, J.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 383–464.
- IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 57: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900" Allen, M. R.; Dube, O. P.; Solecki, W.; Aragón-Durand, F.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 1: Framing and Context" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 49–91.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 43 Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 81. Allen, M. R.; Dube, O. P.; Solecki, W.; Aragón-Durand, F.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 1: Framing and Context" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 49–91.
- IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York City, US, pp. 3–32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, pp. 257–260 IPCC (2022). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.C.; Tignor, M.; Poloczanska, E.S.; Mintenbeck, K.; Alegría, A.; Craig, M.; Langsdorf, S.; Löschke, S.; Möller, V.; Okem, A.; Rama, B. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3 2013, p. 257: "Ocean warming dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total. Rhein, M.; Rintoul, S. R.; Aoki, S.; Campos, E.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 255–315.
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- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, pp. 43–44 Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10 2013, p. 916. Bindoff, N. L.; Stott, P. A.; AchutaRao, K. M.; Allen, M. R.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 867–952.
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- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. TS-35. Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019, p. 450. Bindoff, N. L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Kairo, J. G.; Arístegui, J.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 447–587.
- IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019, p. 172: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land." Jia, G.; Shevliakova, E.; Artaxo, P. E.; De Noblet-Ducoudré, N.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions" (PDF). IPCC SRCCL 2019. pp. 131–247.
- IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2 2013, p. 183. Hartmann, D. L.; Klein Tank, A. M. G.; Rusticucci, M.; Alexander, L. V.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 159–254.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 58: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)" Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
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- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 93: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases." Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. TS-122, Box TS.5, Figure 1 Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019, pp. 133, 144. Jia, G.; Shevliakova, E.; Artaxo, P. E.; De Noblet-Ducoudré, N.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions" (PDF). IPCC SRCCL 2019. pp. 131–247.
- IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, pp. 58, 59: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks." Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G.; et al. (2021). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, p. 1302 IPCC (2022). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.C.; Tignor, M.; Poloczanska, E.S.; Mintenbeck, K.; Alegría, A.; Craig, M.; Langsdorf, S.; Löschke, S.; Möller, V.; Okem, A.; Rama, B. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
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- IPCC SR15 Ch3 2018, p. 283. Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.; Bindi, M.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5 °C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 175–311.
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- IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019, p. 133. Jia, G.; Shevliakova, E.; Artaxo, P. E.; De Noblet-Ducoudré, N.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions" (PDF). IPCC SRCCL 2019. pp. 131–247.
- IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019, p. 510 Bindoff, N. L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Kairo, J. G.; Arístegui, J.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 447–587.
- IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019, p. 451. Bindoff, N. L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Kairo, J. G.; Arístegui, J.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019. pp. 447–587.
- IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6 2022, p. 988 Dodman, D.; Hayward, B.; Pelling, M.; Castan Broto, V.; Chow, W.; Chu, E.; Dawson, R.; Khirfan, L.; McPhearson, T.; Prakash, A.; Zheng, Y.; Ziervogel, G. (2022). "Cities, Settlements and Key Infrastructure" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 907–1040. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.008. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
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- Cattaneo et al. 2019; IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, pp. 15, 53 Cattaneo, Cristina; Beine, Michel; Fröhlich, Christiane J.; Kniveton, Dominic; et al. (2019). "Human Migration in the Era of Climate Change". Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. 13 (2): 189–206. doi:10.1093/reep/rez008. hdl:10.1093/reep/rez008. ISSN 1750-6816. S2CID 198660593. IPCC (2022). Pörtner, H.-O.; Roberts, D.C.; Tignor, M.; Poloczanska, E.S.; Mintenbeck, K.; Alegría, A.; Craig, M.; Langsdorf, S.; Löschke, S.; Möller, V.; Okem, A.; Rama, B. (eds.). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4.
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- IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3 2022, p. 300: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)." Riahi, K.; Schaeffer, R.; Arango, J.; Calvin, K.; Guivarch, C.; Hasegawa, T.; Jiang, K.; Kriegler, E.; Matthews, R.; Peters, G.P.; Rao, A.; Robertson, S.; Sebbit, A.M.; Steinberger, J.; Tavoni, M.; van Vuuren, D.P. (2022). "Mitigation Pathways Compatible with Long-term Goals" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG3 2022. pp. 295–408. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.005. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6.
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- IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, p. 142 Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 93–174.
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- IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, pp. 141–142 Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development" (PDF). IPCC SR15 2018. pp. 93–174.
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{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)- IPCC (2014). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR5 SYR 2014. Bednar, Johannes; Obersteiner, Michael; Wagner, Fabian (2019). "On the financial viability of negative emissions". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 1783. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1783B. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09782-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6467865. PMID 30992434.
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{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)- IPCC (2014). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR5 SYR 2014.
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{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)- IPCC (2014). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR5 SYR 2014.
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{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)- IPCC (2014). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC AR5 SYR 2014.
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At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) - Horvath, Akos; Rachlew, Elisabeth (January 2016). "Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities". Ambio. 45 (Suppl 1): S38–49. Bibcode:2016Ambio..45S..38H. doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y. ISSN 1654-7209. PMC 4678124. PMID 26667059.
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soton.ac.uk (Global: 6,219th place; English: 4,029th place)
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springer.com (Global: 274th place; English: 309th place)
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theverge.com (Global: 114th place; English: 90th place)
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tyndall.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)
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uchicago.edu (Global: 230th place; English: 214th place)
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ucsd.edu (Global: 1,933rd place; English: 1,342nd place)
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unep.org (Global: 3,624th place; English: 3,031st place)
unep.org
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uq.edu.au (Global: 3,558th place; English: 2,403rd place)
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