Climate model (English Wikipedia)

T.R. Shippert; S.A. Clough; P.D. Brown; W.L. Smith; R.O. Knuteson; S.A. Ackerman. "Spectral Cloud Emissivities from LBLRTM/AERI QME" (PDF). Proceedings of the Eighth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting March 1998 Tucson, Arizona. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2006.
A.G. Gorelik; V. Sterljadkin; E. Kadygrov; A. Koldaev. "Microwave and IR Radiometry for Estimation of Atmospheric Radiation Balance and Sea Ice Formation" (PDF). Proceedings of the Eleventh Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting March 2001 Atlanta, Georgia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2006.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Peter Lynch (2006). "The ENIAC Integrations". The Emergence of Numerical Weather Prediction: Richardson's Dream. Cambridge University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-521-85729-1. Retrieved 6 February 2018.

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Goode, P. R.; et al. (2001). "Earthshine Observations of the Earth's Reflectance" (PDF). Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (9): 1671–4. Bibcode:2001GeoRL..28.1671G. doi:10.1029/2000GL012580. S2CID 34790317. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2018.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

Trenberth, Kevin E. (2022). "Chapter 1: Earth and Climate System". The Changing Flow of Energy Through the Climate System (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108979030. ISBN 978-1-108-97903-0.

carbonbrief.org (Global: low place; English: 9,497^th place)

interactive.carbonbrief.org

McSweeney, Robert; Tandon, Ayesha (18 November 2024). "Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world". Climate Central. Archived from the original on 10 June 2025.

climate.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lindsey, Rebecca; Herring, Stephanie; Kapnick, Sarah; van der Wahl, Karin (15 December 2016). "Extreme event attribution: the climate versus weather blame game". Climate.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 18 June 2025.
"Climate Change: Global Temperature". NOAA. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2023.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Giardina, Francesco; Padrón, Ryan S.; Stocker, Benjamin D.; Schumacher, Dominik L.; Seneviratne, Sonia I. (16 June 2025). "Large biases in the frequency of water limitation across Earth system models". Communications Earth & Environment. 6 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02426-7. ISSN 2662-4435.
Trenberth, Kevin E. (2022). "Chapter 1: Earth and Climate System". The Changing Flow of Energy Through the Climate System (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108979030. ISBN 978-1-108-97903-0.
Svante Arrhenius (1896). "On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground". Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 41 (251): 237–276. doi:10.1080/14786449608620846.
North, Gerald R.; Stevens, Mark J. (2006), "Energy-balance climate models", in Kiehl, J. T.; Ramanathan, V. (eds.), Frontiers in Climate Modelling, Cambridge University, p. 52, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511535857.004, hdl:2060/19810008165, ISBN 9780511535857
Held, Isaac M. (2005). "The gap between simulation and understanding in climate modelling". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 86 (11): 1609–1614. doi:10.1175/BAMS-86-11-1609.
Polvani, L. M.; Clement, A. C.; Medeiros, B.; Benedict, J. J.; Simpson, I. R. (2017). "When less is more: opening the door to simpler climate models". Eos (98). doi:10.1029/2017EO079417.
Goode, P. R.; et al. (2001). "Earthshine Observations of the Earth's Reflectance" (PDF). Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (9): 1671–4. Bibcode:2001GeoRL..28.1671G. doi:10.1029/2000GL012580. S2CID 34790317. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2018.
Jin M, Liang S (15 June 2006). "An Improved Land Surface Emissivity Parameter for Land Surface Models Using Global Remote Sensing Observations" (PDF). J. Climate. 19 (12): 2867–81. Bibcode:2006JCli...19.2867J. doi:10.1175/JCLI3720.1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2007.
Manabe, Syukuro; Wetherald, Richard T. (1 May 1967). "Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 24 (3): 241–259. Bibcode:1967JAtS...24..241M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024<0241:TEOTAW>2.0.CO;2.
Wang, W.C.; P.H. Stone (1980). "Effect of ice-albedo feedback on global sensitivity in a one-dimensional radiative-convective climate model". J. Atmos. Sci. 37 (3): 545–52. Bibcode:1980JAtS...37..545W. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0545:EOIAFO>2.0.CO;2.
M.I. Budyko (1969). "The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth". Tellus. 21 (5): 611–619. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v21i5.10109.
William D. Sellers (1969). "A Global Climatic Model Based on the Energy Balance of the Earth-Atmosphere System". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 8 (3): 392–400. Bibcode:1969JApMe...8..392S. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008<0392:AGCMBO>2.0.CO;2.
J. Graham Cogley (1990). "Twenty-five years of physical climatology". Global and Planetary Change. 2 (3–4): 213–216. doi:10.1016/0921-8181(90)90001-S.
Sarmiento, J.L.; Toggweiler, J.R. (1984). "A new model for the role of the oceans in determining atmospheric P CO 2". Nature. 308 (5960): 621–24. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..621S. doi:10.1038/308621a0. S2CID 4312683.
Stommel, Henry (May 1961). "Thermohaline Convection with Two Stable Regimes of Flow". Tellus. 13 (2): 224–230. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v13i2.9491. ISSN 0040-2826.
Norman A. Phillips (April 1956). "The general circulation of the atmosphere: a numerical experiment" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 82 (352): 123–154. Bibcode:1956QJRMS..82..123P. doi:10.1002/qj.49708235202.
Manabe S.; Wetherald R. T. (1975). "The Effects of Doubling the CO₂ Concentration on the Climate of a General Circulation Model". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 32 (3): 3–15. Bibcode:1975JAtS...32....3M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0003:teodtc>2.0.co;2.
Yongkang Xue & Michael J. Fennessey (20 March 1996). "Impact of vegetation properties on U. S. summer weather prediction" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 101 (D3): 7419. Bibcode:1996JGR...101.7419X. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.453.551. doi:10.1029/95JD02169. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
Hausfather, Zeke; Drake, Henri F.; Abbott, Tristan; Schmidt, Gavin A. (16 January 2020). "Evaluating the Performance of Past Climate Model Projections". Geophysical Research Letters. 47 (1). doi:10.1029/2019GL085378. ISSN 0094-8276. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
Carvalho, D.; Rafael, S.; Monteiro, A.; Rodrigues, V.; Lopes, M.; Rocha, A. (14 July 2022). "How well have CMIP3, CMIP5 and CMIP6 future climate projections portrayed the recently observed warming" (PDF). Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-16264-6. ISSN 2045-2322. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
Bock, L.; Lauer, A.; Schlund, M.; Barreiro, M; Bellouin, N.; Jones, C.; Meehl, G.A.; Predoi, V.; Roberts, M.J.; Eyring, V. (2020). "Quantifying Progress Across Different CMIP Phases With the ESMValTool". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 125 (21). doi:10.1029/2019JD032321. hdl:20.500.12008/30864.
Meehl, Gerald A.; Boer, George J.; Covey, Curt; Latif, Mojib; Stouffer, Ronald J. (14 October 1997). "Intercomparison makes for a better climate model". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 78 (41). doi:10.1029/97EO00276.
Loft, Richard (2020). "Earth System Modeling Must Become More Energy Efficient". Eos (101). doi:10.1029/2020EO147051. ISSN 2324-9250.

eos.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Loft, Richard (2020). "Earth System Modeling Must Become More Energy Efficient". Eos (101). doi:10.1029/2020EO147051. ISSN 2324-9250.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

North, Gerald R.; Stevens, Mark J. (2006), "Energy-balance climate models", in Kiehl, J. T.; Ramanathan, V. (eds.), Frontiers in Climate Modelling, Cambridge University, p. 52, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511535857.004, hdl:2060/19810008165, ISBN 9780511535857
Bock, L.; Lauer, A.; Schlund, M.; Barreiro, M; Bellouin, N.; Jones, C.; Meehl, G.A.; Predoi, V.; Roberts, M.J.; Eyring, V. (2020). "Quantifying Progress Across Different CMIP Phases With the ESMValTool". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 125 (21). doi:10.1029/2019JD032321. hdl:20.500.12008/30864.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Goode, P. R.; et al. (2001). "Earthshine Observations of the Earth's Reflectance" (PDF). Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (9): 1671–4. Bibcode:2001GeoRL..28.1671G. doi:10.1029/2000GL012580. S2CID 34790317. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2018.
Jin M, Liang S (15 June 2006). "An Improved Land Surface Emissivity Parameter for Land Surface Models Using Global Remote Sensing Observations" (PDF). J. Climate. 19 (12): 2867–81. Bibcode:2006JCli...19.2867J. doi:10.1175/JCLI3720.1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2007.
Manabe, Syukuro; Wetherald, Richard T. (1 May 1967). "Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 24 (3): 241–259. Bibcode:1967JAtS...24..241M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024<0241:TEOTAW>2.0.CO;2.
Wang, W.C.; P.H. Stone (1980). "Effect of ice-albedo feedback on global sensitivity in a one-dimensional radiative-convective climate model". J. Atmos. Sci. 37 (3): 545–52. Bibcode:1980JAtS...37..545W. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0545:EOIAFO>2.0.CO;2.
William D. Sellers (1969). "A Global Climatic Model Based on the Energy Balance of the Earth-Atmosphere System". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 8 (3): 392–400. Bibcode:1969JApMe...8..392S. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008<0392:AGCMBO>2.0.CO;2.
Sarmiento, J.L.; Toggweiler, J.R. (1984). "A new model for the role of the oceans in determining atmospheric P CO 2". Nature. 308 (5960): 621–24. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..621S. doi:10.1038/308621a0. S2CID 4312683.
Norman A. Phillips (April 1956). "The general circulation of the atmosphere: a numerical experiment" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 82 (352): 123–154. Bibcode:1956QJRMS..82..123P. doi:10.1002/qj.49708235202.
Manabe S.; Wetherald R. T. (1975). "The Effects of Doubling the CO₂ Concentration on the Climate of a General Circulation Model". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 32 (3): 3–15. Bibcode:1975JAtS...32....3M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0003:teodtc>2.0.co;2.
Yongkang Xue & Michael J. Fennessey (20 March 1996). "Impact of vegetation properties on U. S. summer weather prediction" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 101 (D3): 7419. Bibcode:1996JGR...101.7419X. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.453.551. doi:10.1029/95JD02169. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2011.

hpcwire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Trader, Tiffany (2021). "Frontier to Meet 20MW Exascale Power Target Set by DARPA in 2008". HPCwire. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

ipcc.ch (Global: 1,778^th place; English: 1,339^th place)

IPCC (2014), AR5 Synthesis Report - Climate Change 2014. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (PDF), p. 58, Box 2.3. 'Models' are typically numerical simulations of real-world systems, calibrated and validated using observations from experiments or analogies, and then run using input data representing future climate. Models can also include largely descriptive narratives of possible futures, such as those used in scenario construction. Quantitative and descriptive models are often used together.
"Climate Models and Their Evaluation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2010.

meteo.fr (Global: low place; English: 9,484^th place)

cnrm.meteo.fr

[1] Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine

nas.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

dels.nas.edu

"U.S. National Research Council Report, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling". Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
"U.S. National Research Council Report-in-Brief, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling". Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov

"Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System" (PDF). NASA. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2013.

pubs.giss.nasa.gov

"Pubs.GISS: Wang and Stone 1980: Effect of ice-albedo feedback on global sensitivity in a one-dimensional..." nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

Giardina, Francesco; Padrón, Ryan S.; Stocker, Benjamin D.; Schumacher, Dominik L.; Seneviratne, Sonia I. (16 June 2025). "Large biases in the frequency of water limitation across Earth system models". Communications Earth & Environment. 6 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02426-7. ISSN 2662-4435.
Carvalho, D.; Rafael, S.; Monteiro, A.; Rodrigues, V.; Lopes, M.; Rocha, A. (14 July 2022). "How well have CMIP3, CMIP5 and CMIP6 future climate projections portrayed the recently observed warming" (PDF). Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-16264-6. ISSN 2045-2322. Retrieved 28 September 2025.

noaa.gov (Global: 212^th place; English: 172^nd place)

celebrating200years.noaa.gov

"The First Climate Model". NOAA 200th Celebration. 2007.
"NOAA 200th Top Tens: Breakthroughs: The First Climate Model". noaa.gov.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (22 May 2008). "The First Climate Model". Retrieved 8 January 2011.

nobelprize.org (Global: 301^st place; English: 478^th place)

"Syukuro Manabe Facts". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 14 November 2023.

pik-potsdam.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"emics1". pik-potsdam.de.

pku.edu.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

phy.pku.edu.cn

Norman A. Phillips (April 1956). "The general circulation of the atmosphere: a numerical experiment" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 82 (352): 123–154. Bibcode:1956QJRMS..82..123P. doi:10.1002/qj.49708235202.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

e-education.psu.edu

"METEO 469: From Meteorology to Mitigation - Understanding Global Warming - Lesson 5 - Modelling of the Climate System - One-Layer Energy Balance Model". Pennsylvania State University College of Mineral and Earth Sciences - Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Yongkang Xue & Michael J. Fennessey (20 March 1996). "Impact of vegetation properties on U. S. summer weather prediction" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 101 (D3): 7419. Bibcode:1996JGR...101.7419X. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.453.551. doi:10.1029/95JD02169. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2011.

sandia.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cloud-resolving climate model meets world's fastest supercomputer". LabNews. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Goode, P. R.; et al. (2001). "Earthshine Observations of the Earth's Reflectance" (PDF). Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (9): 1671–4. Bibcode:2001GeoRL..28.1671G. doi:10.1029/2000GL012580. S2CID 34790317. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2018.
Sarmiento, J.L.; Toggweiler, J.R. (1984). "A new model for the role of the oceans in determining atmospheric P CO 2". Nature. 308 (5960): 621–24. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..621S. doi:10.1038/308621a0. S2CID 4312683.

shodor.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Energy Balance Models". shodor.org.

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

Zeng, Zubin (25 August 2021). "Is climate change to blame for extreme weather events? Attribution science says yes, for some – here's how it works". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 9 June 2025.

ucar.edu (Global: 7,843^rd place; English: 5,892^nd place)

cesm.ucar.edu

"CAM 3.1 Download". www.cesm.ucar.edu. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
William D. Collins; et al. (June 2004). "Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0)" (PDF). University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
"CAM3.0 COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 6 February 2018.

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; English: 585^th place)

geog.ucla.edu

Yongkang Xue & Michael J. Fennessey (20 March 1996). "Impact of vegetation properties on U. S. summer weather prediction" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 101 (D3): 7419. Bibcode:1996JGR...101.7419X. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.453.551. doi:10.1029/95JD02169. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2011.

ucs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Science Connecting Extreme Weather to Climate Change" (PDF). Union of Concerned Scientists. 4 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2025.

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,115^th place; English: 741^st place)

icess.ucsb.edu

"Seawater Samples - Emissivities". ucsb.edu.

umd.edu (Global: 1,747^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

glue.umd.edu

Jin M, Liang S (15 June 2006). "An Improved Land Surface Emissivity Parameter for Land Surface Models Using Global Remote Sensing Observations" (PDF). J. Climate. 19 (12): 2867–81. Bibcode:2006JCli...19.2867J. doi:10.1175/JCLI3720.1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2007.

wcrp-cmip.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Coupled Model Intercomparison Project". World Climate Research Program. Retrieved 11 November 2024.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The Science Connecting Extreme Weather to Climate Change" (PDF). Union of Concerned Scientists. 4 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2025.
McSweeney, Robert; Tandon, Ayesha (18 November 2024). "Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world". Climate Central. Archived from the original on 10 June 2025.
Zeng, Zubin (25 August 2021). "Is climate change to blame for extreme weather events? Attribution science says yes, for some – here's how it works". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 9 June 2025.
Lindsey, Rebecca; Herring, Stephanie; Kapnick, Sarah; van der Wahl, Karin (15 December 2016). "Extreme event attribution: the climate versus weather blame game". Climate.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 18 June 2025.
[1] Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
Goode, P. R.; et al. (2001). "Earthshine Observations of the Earth's Reflectance" (PDF). Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (9): 1671–4. Bibcode:2001GeoRL..28.1671G. doi:10.1029/2000GL012580. S2CID 34790317. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2018.
"Scientists Watch Dark Side of the Moon to Monitor Earth's Climate". American Geophysical Union. 17 April 2001. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
"Climate Change: Global Temperature". NOAA. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
"Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System" (PDF). NASA. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2013.
Jin M, Liang S (15 June 2006). "An Improved Land Surface Emissivity Parameter for Land Surface Models Using Global Remote Sensing Observations" (PDF). J. Climate. 19 (12): 2867–81. Bibcode:2006JCli...19.2867J. doi:10.1175/JCLI3720.1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2007.
T.R. Shippert; S.A. Clough; P.D. Brown; W.L. Smith; R.O. Knuteson; S.A. Ackerman. "Spectral Cloud Emissivities from LBLRTM/AERI QME" (PDF). Proceedings of the Eighth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting March 1998 Tucson, Arizona. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2006.
A.G. Gorelik; V. Sterljadkin; E. Kadygrov; A. Koldaev. "Microwave and IR Radiometry for Estimation of Atmospheric Radiation Balance and Sea Ice Formation" (PDF). Proceedings of the Eleventh Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting March 2001 Atlanta, Georgia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2006.
William D. Collins; et al. (June 2004). "Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0)" (PDF). University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
Yongkang Xue & Michael J. Fennessey (20 March 1996). "Impact of vegetation properties on U. S. summer weather prediction" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 101 (D3): 7419. Bibcode:1996JGR...101.7419X. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.453.551. doi:10.1029/95JD02169. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
"Climate Models and Their Evaluation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
"U.S. National Research Council Report, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling". Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
"U.S. National Research Council Report-in-Brief, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling". Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Hausfather, Zeke; Drake, Henri F.; Abbott, Tristan; Schmidt, Gavin A. (16 January 2020). "Evaluating the Performance of Past Climate Model Projections". Geophysical Research Letters. 47 (1). doi:10.1029/2019GL085378. ISSN 0094-8276. Retrieved 28 September 2025.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Giardina, Francesco; Padrón, Ryan S.; Stocker, Benjamin D.; Schumacher, Dominik L.; Seneviratne, Sonia I. (16 June 2025). "Large biases in the frequency of water limitation across Earth system models". Communications Earth & Environment. 6 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02426-7. ISSN 2662-4435.
Stommel, Henry (May 1961). "Thermohaline Convection with Two Stable Regimes of Flow". Tellus. 13 (2): 224–230. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v13i2.9491. ISSN 0040-2826.
Hausfather, Zeke; Drake, Henri F.; Abbott, Tristan; Schmidt, Gavin A. (16 January 2020). "Evaluating the Performance of Past Climate Model Projections". Geophysical Research Letters. 47 (1). doi:10.1029/2019GL085378. ISSN 0094-8276. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
Carvalho, D.; Rafael, S.; Monteiro, A.; Rodrigues, V.; Lopes, M.; Rocha, A. (14 July 2022). "How well have CMIP3, CMIP5 and CMIP6 future climate projections portrayed the recently observed warming" (PDF). Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-16264-6. ISSN 2045-2322. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
Loft, Richard (2020). "Earth System Modeling Must Become More Energy Efficient". Eos (101). doi:10.1029/2020EO147051. ISSN 2324-9250.

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)

Svante Arrhenius (1896). "On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground". Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 41 (251): 237–276. doi:10.1080/14786449608620846.

Climate model (English Wikipedia)

acs.org (Global: 1,248th place; English: 1,104th place)

agu.org (Global: 6,456th place; English: 6,101st place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

arm.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

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caltech.edu (Global: 887th place; English: 714th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

cambridge.org (Global: 305th place; English: 264th place)

carbonbrief.org (Global: low place; English: 9,497th place)

interactive.carbonbrief.org

climate.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eos.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

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meteo.fr (Global: low place; English: 9,484th place)

cnrm.meteo.fr

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dels.nas.edu

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eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov

pubs.giss.nasa.gov

nature.com (Global: 234th place; English: 397th place)

noaa.gov (Global: 212th place; English: 172nd place)

celebrating200years.noaa.gov

nobelprize.org (Global: 301st place; English: 478th place)

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pku.edu.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

phy.pku.edu.cn

psu.edu (Global: 207th place; English: 136th place)

e-education.psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

sandia.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

shodor.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

theconversation.com (Global: 928th place; English: 651st place)

ucar.edu (Global: 7,843rd place; English: 5,892nd place)

cesm.ucar.edu

ucla.edu (Global: 782nd place; English: 585th place)

geog.ucla.edu

ucs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,115th place; English: 741st place)

icess.ucsb.edu

umd.edu (Global: 1,747th place; English: 1,277th place)

glue.umd.edu

wcrp-cmip.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wiley.com (Global: 222nd place; English: 297th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

zenodo.org (Global: 621st place; English: 380th place)

acs.org (Global: 1,248^th place; English: 1,104^th place)

agu.org (Global: 6,456^th place; English: 6,101^st place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

carbonbrief.org (Global: low place; English: 9,497^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ipcc.ch (Global: 1,778^th place; English: 1,339^th place)

meteo.fr (Global: low place; English: 9,484^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

noaa.gov (Global: 212^th place; English: 172^nd place)

nobelprize.org (Global: 301^st place; English: 478^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

ucar.edu (Global: 7,843^rd place; English: 5,892^nd place)

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; English: 585^th place)

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,115^th place; English: 741^st place)

umd.edu (Global: 1,747^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)