Clock (English Wikipedia)

Dohrn-van Rossum, Gerhard (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15511-1. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020., pp. 103–104.
Cipolla, Carlo M. (2004). Clocks and Culture, 1300 to 1700. W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-32443-3. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020., p. 31.
Wedgwood, Hensleigh (1859). A Dictionary of English Etymology: A – D, Vol. 1. London: Trübner and Co. p. 354. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice (2011). Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Luxury Edition. Oxford University. pp. 269–270. ISBN 978-0-19-960111-0. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
Lankford, John (1997). History of Astronomy: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-8153-0322-0.
Usher, Abbot Payson (1988). A History of Mechanical Inventions. Courier Dover. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-486-25593-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
Dohrn-van Rossum, Gerhar (1997). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. Univ. of Chicago Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
"Clock". The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4. Univ. of Chicago. 1974. p. 747. ISBN 978-0-85229-290-7.
Usher, Abbott Payson (1988). A history of mechanical inventions. Courier Dover Publications. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-486-25593-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
Lance Day; Ian McNeil, eds. (1996). Biographical dictionary of the history of technology. Routledge (Routledge Reference). p. 116. ISBN 978-0-415-06042-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
John S. Rigden (2003). Hydrogen: The Essential Element. Harvard University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-674-01252-3.
Glasmeier, Amy (2000). Manufacturing Time: Global Competition in the Watch Industry, 1795–2000. Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-57230-589-2. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916), English and American Tool Builders, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, LCCN 16011753, archived from the original on July 3, 2023, retrieved November 6, 2015. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (LCCN 27-24075); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois, (ISBN 978-0-917914-73-7).
Dick, Stephen (2002). Sky and Ocean Joined: The U.S. Naval Observatory, 1830–2000. Cambridge University Press. p. 484. ISBN 978-0-521-81599-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and Peter Guthrie Tait, Treatise on Natural Philosophy, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1879), vol. 1, part 1, p. 227 Archived April 4, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.
Jespersen, James; Fitz-Randolph, Jane; Robb, John (1999). From Sundials to Atomic Clocks: Understanding Time and Frequency. New York: Courier Dover. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-486-40913-9. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
Bloomfield, Louis (2007). How Everything Works: Making Physics Out of the Ordinary. Wiley. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-470-17066-3. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
Jespersen, James; Fitz-Randolph, Jane (January 1999). Jespersen 1999, pp. 47–50. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-40913-9. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
Riehle, Fritz (2004). Frequency Standards: Basics and Applications. Germany: Wiley VCH Verlag & Co. p. 9. Bibcode:2004fsba.book.....R. ISBN 978-3-527-40230-4.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Jespersen, James; Fitz-Randolph, Jane (January 1999). Jespersen 1999, pp. 52–62. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-40913-9. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2015.

britannica.com

"Mechanics: Simple harmonic oscillations". Encyclopedia Britannica online. 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.

britishmuseum.org

Table clock c. 1650 attributed to Hans Buschmann that uses technical inventions by Jost Bürgi, The British Museum, archived from the original on November 6, 2015, retrieved April 11, 2010

cambridge.org

dictionary.cambridge.org

"Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary". Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2018. a device for measuring and showing time, which is usually found in or on a building and is not worn by a person

crystalinks.com

"Clocks – Crystalinks". www.crystalinks.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2019.

doi.org

Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. ISSN 0005-8580. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
Marrison, W.A.; Horton, J.W. (February 1928). "Precision determination of frequency". I.R.E. Proc. 16 (2): 137–154. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1928.221372. S2CID 51664900.
Essen, L.; Parry, J.V.L. (1955). "An Atomic Standard of Frequency and Time Interval: A Cæsium Resonator". Nature. 176 (4476): 280. Bibcode:1955Natur.176..280E. doi:10.1038/176280a0. S2CID 4191481.
W. Markowitz; R.G. Hall; L. Essen; J.V.L. Parry (1958). "Frequency of cesium in terms of ephemeris time". Physical Review Letters. 1 (3): 105–107. Bibcode:1958PhRvL...1..105M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.1.105.
Marrison, Warren A. (July 1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock". Bell System Tech. J. 27 (3): 511–515. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. Retrieved February 25, 2017.

ethw.org

"Electronic Quartz Wristwatch, 1969". IEEE History Center. Archived from the original on January 22, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2015.

gutenberg.org

Derek J. de Solla Price, On the Origin of Clockwork, Perpetual Motion Devices, and the Compass, p.86

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cowan 1958, p. 58 Cowan, Harrison J. (1958). Time and Its Measurement: From the stone age to the nuclear age. Ohio: The World Publishing Company. Bibcode:1958tmfs.book.....C.
Essen, L.; Parry, J.V.L. (1955). "An Atomic Standard of Frequency and Time Interval: A Cæsium Resonator". Nature. 176 (4476): 280. Bibcode:1955Natur.176..280E. doi:10.1038/176280a0. S2CID 4191481.
W. Markowitz; R.G. Hall; L. Essen; J.V.L. Parry (1958). "Frequency of cesium in terms of ephemeris time". Physical Review Letters. 1 (3): 105–107. Bibcode:1958PhRvL...1..105M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.1.105.
Riehle, Fritz (2004). Frequency Standards: Basics and Applications. Germany: Wiley VCH Verlag & Co. p. 9. Bibcode:2004fsba.book.....R. ISBN 978-3-527-40230-4.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

history-science-technology.com

Hassan, Ahmad Y, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, History of Science and Technology in Islam

historyworld.net

"History of Clocks". Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
"History Of Clocks". Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.

ikonet.com

"sports and games > sports facilities > scoreboard image - Visual Dictionary". www.ikonet.com. Retrieved September 11, 2023.

indepthinfo.com

"How clocks work". InDepthInfo. W. J. Rayment. 2007. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved June 4, 2008.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916), English and American Tool Builders, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, LCCN 16011753, archived from the original on July 3, 2023, retrieved November 6, 2015. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (LCCN 27-24075); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois, (ISBN 978-0-917914-73-7).

loc.gov

Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916), English and American Tool Builders, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, LCCN 16011753, archived from the original on July 3, 2023, retrieved November 6, 2015. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (LCCN 27-24075); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois, (ISBN 978-0-917914-73-7).

makezine.com

"Remaking History: Ismail al-Jazari and the Elephant Water Clock - Make". Make: DIY Projects and Ideas for Makers. May 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.

metmuseum.org

"Water Clock | China | Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023.

metroleague.org

Rizzo, John (September 10, 2023). "NFL Clock Stop Rules: A Comprehensive Guide". Metro League. Retrieved September 11, 2023.

nist.gov

tf.nist.gov

Sullivan, D.B. (2001). "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF). Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2011.
M.A. Lombardi; T.P. Heavner; S.R. Jefferts (2007). "NIST Primary Frequency Standards and the Realization of the SI Second" (PDF). Journal of Measurement Science. 2 (4): 74. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 24, 2008.
Sullivan, D.B. (2001). Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years (PDF). 2001 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. NIST. pp. 4–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2011.
"Time and Frequency Division". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
"Quality factor, Q". Glossary. Time and Frequency Division, NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). 2008. Archived from the original on May 4, 2008. Retrieved June 4, 2008.

physics.nist.gov

"A Revolution in Timekeeping". NIST. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
"The "Atomic Age" of Time Standards". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2008.

nist.gov

Ost, Laura (August 22, 2013). "NIST Ytterbium Atomic Clocks Set Record for Stability". NIST. Archived from the original on August 23, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2016.

nytimes.com

Abrams, Melanie (February 16, 2018). "'The Beauty of Time'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.

ox.ac.uk

cabinet.ox.ac.uk

"Giovanni Dondi's Astrarium, 1364 | cabinet". www.cabinet.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2022.

patents.google.com

U.S. patent 7,079,452, U.S. patent 7,221,624

revolutionwatch.com

"Past Masters: The Astronomical Water Clock Of Su Song". revolutionwatch.com. August 8, 2014. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.

sailingissues.com

"Tower of the Winds – Athens". sailingissues.com. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Marrison, W.A.; Horton, J.W. (February 1928). "Precision determination of frequency". I.R.E. Proc. 16 (2): 137–154. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1928.221372. S2CID 51664900.
Essen, L.; Parry, J.V.L. (1955). "An Atomic Standard of Frequency and Time Interval: A Cæsium Resonator". Nature. 176 (4476): 280. Bibcode:1955Natur.176..280E. doi:10.1038/176280a0. S2CID 4191481.

sohu.com

http://www.sohu.com/a/160882715_578225 Archived January 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine 别人过节喜庆的时候, 不送钟表.送终和送钟谐音.

sundials.org

"Ancient Sundials". North American Sundial Society. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.

sundialsoc.org.uk

"How Sundials Work". The British Sundial Society. November 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.

timepieceperfection.com

Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. ISSN 0005-8580. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Leonhard Schmitz; Smith, William (1875). A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London: John Murray. pp. 615‑617. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

uh.edu

"No. 120: Su-Sung's Clock". www.uh.edu. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

web.archive.org

Dohrn-van Rossum, Gerhard (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15511-1. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020., pp. 103–104.
Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. ISSN 0005-8580. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
Cipolla, Carlo M. (2004). Clocks and Culture, 1300 to 1700. W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-32443-3. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020., p. 31.
"Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary". Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2018. a device for measuring and showing time, which is usually found in or on a building and is not worn by a person
Wedgwood, Hensleigh (1859). A Dictionary of English Etymology: A – D, Vol. 1. London: Trübner and Co. p. 354. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice (2011). Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Luxury Edition. Oxford University. pp. 269–270. ISBN 978-0-19-960111-0. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
"How Sundials Work". The British Sundial Society. November 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
"Ancient Sundials". North American Sundial Society. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
"Tower of the Winds – Athens". sailingissues.com. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
"Water Clock | China | Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023.
"No. 120: Su-Sung's Clock". www.uh.edu. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
"Past Masters: The Astronomical Water Clock Of Su Song". revolutionwatch.com. August 8, 2014. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
"Remaking History: Ismail al-Jazari and the Elephant Water Clock - Make". Make: DIY Projects and Ideas for Makers. May 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
Hassan, Ahmad Y, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, History of Science and Technology in Islam
Leonhard Schmitz; Smith, William (1875). A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London: John Murray. pp. 615‑617. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
"Clocks – Crystalinks". www.crystalinks.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
"Giovanni Dondi's Astrarium, 1364 | cabinet". www.cabinet.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
Abrams, Melanie (February 16, 2018). "'The Beauty of Time'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
Usher, Abbot Payson (1988). A History of Mechanical Inventions. Courier Dover. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-486-25593-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
Dohrn-van Rossum, Gerhar (1997). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. Univ. of Chicago Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
Usher, Abbott Payson (1988). A history of mechanical inventions. Courier Dover Publications. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-486-25593-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
Lance Day; Ian McNeil, eds. (1996). Biographical dictionary of the history of technology. Routledge (Routledge Reference). p. 116. ISBN 978-0-415-06042-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
Table clock c. 1650 attributed to Hans Buschmann that uses technical inventions by Jost Bürgi, The British Museum, archived from the original on November 6, 2015, retrieved April 11, 2010
"History of Clocks". Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
"The History of Mechanical Pendulum Clocks and Quartz Clocks". about.com. 2012. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
"History Of Clocks". Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
Glasmeier, Amy (2000). Manufacturing Time: Global Competition in the Watch Industry, 1795–2000. Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-57230-589-2. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916), English and American Tool Builders, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, LCCN 16011753, archived from the original on July 3, 2023, retrieved November 6, 2015. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (LCCN 27-24075); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois, (ISBN 978-0-917914-73-7).
"A Revolution in Timekeeping". NIST. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
"Pierre Curie". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
Sullivan, D.B. (2001). "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF). Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2011.
"Electronic Quartz Wristwatch, 1969". IEEE History Center. Archived from the original on January 22, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
Dick, Stephen (2002). Sky and Ocean Joined: The U.S. Naval Observatory, 1830–2000. Cambridge University Press. p. 484. ISBN 978-0-521-81599-4. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
Ost, Laura (August 22, 2013). "NIST Ytterbium Atomic Clocks Set Record for Stability". NIST. Archived from the original on August 23, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and Peter Guthrie Tait, Treatise on Natural Philosophy, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1879), vol. 1, part 1, p. 227 Archived April 4, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.
M.A. Lombardi; T.P. Heavner; S.R. Jefferts (2007). "NIST Primary Frequency Standards and the Realization of the SI Second" (PDF). Journal of Measurement Science. 2 (4): 74. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 24, 2008.
Sullivan, D.B. (2001). Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years (PDF). 2001 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. NIST. pp. 4–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2011.
"Time and Frequency Division". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
"The "Atomic Age" of Time Standards". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2008.
Jespersen, James; Fitz-Randolph, Jane; Robb, John (1999). From Sundials to Atomic Clocks: Understanding Time and Frequency. New York: Courier Dover. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-486-40913-9. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
"How clocks work". InDepthInfo. W. J. Rayment. 2007. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
Bloomfield, Louis (2007). How Everything Works: Making Physics Out of the Ordinary. Wiley. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-470-17066-3. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
"Quality factor, Q". Glossary. Time and Frequency Division, NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). 2008. Archived from the original on May 4, 2008. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
Jespersen, James; Fitz-Randolph, Jane (January 1999). Jespersen 1999, pp. 47–50. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-40913-9. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
Jespersen, James; Fitz-Randolph, Jane (January 1999). Jespersen 1999, pp. 52–62. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-40913-9. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
http://www.sohu.com/a/160882715_578225 Archived January 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine 别人过节喜庆的时候, 不送钟表.送终和送钟谐音.

wikipedia.org

fr.wikipedia.org

See also fr:Discussion:Horloge^{[circular reference]}

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. ISSN 0005-8580. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
Turner 1984, p. 1 Turner, Anthony J. (1984). The Time Museum. Vol. I: Time Measuring Instruments. Rockford, IL: The Museum. ISBN 0-912947-01-2. OCLC 159866762.
Abrams, Melanie (February 16, 2018). "'The Beauty of Time'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.