Code of Hammurabi (English Wikipedia)

Hammurabi (1904). "Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon" (PDF). Liberty Fund. Translated by Harper, Robert Francis (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 85. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021. §238. If a boatman sink ... one-half its value.

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Renger (2020). Renger, Johannes M. (27 March 2020). "Hammurabi". Encyclopædia Britannica (online ed.). Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

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"The Civil Law, Volume I, The Opinions of Julius Paulus, Book II". Constitution.org. Translated by Scott, S.P. Central Trust Company. 1932. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021. TITLE VII. ON THE LEX RHODIA. It is provided by the Lex Rhodia that if merchandise is thrown overboard for the purpose of lightening a ship, the loss is made good by the assessment of all which is made for the benefit of all.

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United Nations (1985); Schwartz (1993); Mark (2021); International Court of Justice (2014); Rattini (2019); Scharping (2020); United Nations (n.d.); Louvre (n.d.); Hammurabi Human Rights Organization (n.d.). Schwartz, Amy E. (15 April 1993). "The Louvre and the Lawgiver". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2021. Mark, Joshua J. (24 June 2021). "Code of Hammurabi". World History Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023. Rattini, Kristin Baird (22 April 2019). "Who was Hammurabi?". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021. Scharping, Nathaniel (1 December 2020). "How the Ancient Code of Hammurabi Reveals a Society Both Similar and Alien to Ours". discovermagazine.com. Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. Louvre (n.d.). "Law Code of Hammurabi, king of Babylon". louvre.fr. Louvre, Department of Near Eastern Antiquities: Mesopotamia. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021.

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Kraus (1960), pp. 295–296; Bottéro (1992), p. 181; Roth (1995b), p. 13. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Bottéro, Jean (1992). Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods. Translated by Bahrani, Zainab; Van De Mieroop, Marc. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226067262. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), p. 292. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960); Oppenheim (1977); Bottéro (1992), chapter 10; Van De Mieroop (2016), chapters 6–7. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Oppenheim, A. Leo (1977). Reiner, Erica (ed.). Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization (revised ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226631877. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Bottéro, Jean (1992). Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods. Translated by Bahrani, Zainab; Van De Mieroop, Marc. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226067262. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
Souvay (1910); Kraus (1960), p. 283. Souvay, Charles (1910). "Hammurabi". The Catholic Encyclopaedia. New York, NY: Robert Appleton Company. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), p. 288. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), pp. 295–296; Roth (1995b), pp. 13ff. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), p. 285; Roth (1995b), p. 20; Charpin (2010), p. 72. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Charpin, Dominique (2010). Writing, Law, and Kingship in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia. Translated by Todd, Jane M. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226101583. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), p. 294; Finkelstein (1961); Charpin (2010), p. 72. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Finkelstein, J. J. (1961). "Ammiṣaduqa's Edict and the Babylonian "Law Codes"" (PDF). Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 15 (3): 91–104. doi:10.2307/1359019. JSTOR 1359019. S2CID 159897894. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2022. Charpin, Dominique (2010). Writing, Law, and Kingship in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia. Translated by Todd, Jane M. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226101583. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), pp. 295–296; Roth (1995b), p. 13. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

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Horne (1915). Horne, Charles F. (1915). "Introduction". In Horne, Charles F.; King, Leonard W. (eds.). The Code of Hammurabi. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781517169084. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

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Jenkins (1905), p. 335. Jenkins, Owen B. (1905). "The Code of Hammurabi, Compared with American Law". American Law Review. 39: 330–341. hdl:2027/mdp.35112104105038. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Jenkins (1905), p. 339. Jenkins, Owen B. (1905). "The Code of Hammurabi, Compared with American Law". American Law Review. 39: 330–341. hdl:2027/mdp.35112104105038. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Equitable Trust Company (1910); Jenkins (1905); Driver & Miles (1952), p. 57; Van De Mieroop (2016), p. 154. Jenkins, Owen B. (1905). "The Code of Hammurabi, Compared with American Law". American Law Review. 39: 330–341. hdl:2027/mdp.35112104105038. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Driver, Godfrey R.; Miles, John C. (1952). The Babylonian Laws: Edited with Translation and Commentary. Vol. 1: Legal Commentary. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. ISBN 9781556352294. OCLC 493362814. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

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Van Buren (1943); Black & Green (1998), pp. 102–103; Slanski (2012), p. 106. Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1998). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. Illustrated by Tessa Rickards (2nd ed.). London, England: British Museum Press. ISBN 0714117056. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021. Slanski, Kathryn E. (2012). "The Law of Hammurabi and its Audience". Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities. 24 (1): 97–110. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2021.

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Kraus (1960), pp. 295–296; Bottéro (1992), p. 181; Roth (1995b), p. 13. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Bottéro, Jean (1992). Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods. Translated by Bahrani, Zainab; Van De Mieroop, Marc. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226067262. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), pp. 15–16. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), pp. 23–24. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), pp. 21–22. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), p. 20. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), pp. 22–23. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), p. 23. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), p. 16. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), pp. 295–296; Roth (1995b), pp. 13ff. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), pp. 34ff.; Roth (1995a), p. 121. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995a). Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 9780788501043. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), p. 285; Roth (1995b), p. 20; Charpin (2010), p. 72. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Charpin, Dominique (2010). Writing, Law, and Kingship in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia. Translated by Todd, Jane M. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226101583. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Kraus (1960), pp. 295–296; Roth (1995b), p. 13. Kraus, Fritz R. (1960). "Ein zentrales Problem des altmesopotamischen Rechtes: Was ist der Codex Hammurabi?". Genava. 8: 283–296. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Roth (1995b), p. 19. Roth, Martha T. (1995b). "Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 71 (1): 13–39. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

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Hammurabi (1904). "Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon" (PDF). Liberty Fund. Translated by Harper, Robert Francis (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 85. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021. §238. If a boatman sink ... one-half its value.

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Louvre (n.d.). Louvre (n.d.). "Law Code of Hammurabi, king of Babylon". louvre.fr. Louvre, Department of Near Eastern Antiquities: Mesopotamia. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
United Nations (1985); Schwartz (1993); Mark (2021); International Court of Justice (2014); Rattini (2019); Scharping (2020); United Nations (n.d.); Louvre (n.d.); Hammurabi Human Rights Organization (n.d.). Schwartz, Amy E. (15 April 1993). "The Louvre and the Lawgiver". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2021. Mark, Joshua J. (24 June 2021). "Code of Hammurabi". World History Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023. Rattini, Kristin Baird (22 April 2019). "Who was Hammurabi?". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021. Scharping, Nathaniel (1 December 2020). "How the Ancient Code of Hammurabi Reveals a Society Both Similar and Alien to Ours". discovermagazine.com. Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. Louvre (n.d.). "Law Code of Hammurabi, king of Babylon". louvre.fr. Louvre, Department of Near Eastern Antiquities: Mesopotamia. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021.

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Alkadry (2002–2003); Pearn (2016). Alkadry, Mohamad G. (2002–2003). "Bureaucracy: Weber's or Hammurabi's? Ideal or Ancient?". Public Administration Quarterly. 26 (3/4): 317–345. doi:10.1177/073491490202600303. JSTOR 41288176. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021. Pearn, John (2016). "Hammurabi's Code: A primary datum in the conjoined professions of medicine and law". Medico-Legal Journal. 84 (3): 125–131. doi:10.1177/0025817216646038. PMID 27151189. S2CID 206425860. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Pearn (2016). Pearn, John (2016). "Hammurabi's Code: A primary datum in the conjoined professions of medicine and law". Medico-Legal Journal. 84 (3): 125–131. doi:10.1177/0025817216646038. PMID 27151189. S2CID 206425860. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

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CDLI (2019)'s line numbering, Roth (1995a)'s translation. The line numbers may seem low, since the CDLI edition does not include sections not found on the Louvre stele. CDLI (10 December 2019). "RIME 4.03.06.add21 (Laws of Hammurapi) composite". cdli.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021. Roth, Martha T. (1995a). Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 9780788501043. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

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Hammurabi (1910). "Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon". Avalon Project. Translated by King, Leonard William. New Haven, CT: Yale Law School. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021. 238. If a sailor wreck ... its value in money.

Code of Hammurabi (English Wikipedia)

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avalon.law.yale.edu

academia.edu (Global: 121^st place; English: 142^nd place)

amazonaws.com (Global: 5,409^th place; English: 3,407^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bloomsbury.com (Global: 5,297^th place; English: 3,439^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

constitution.org (Global: 7,036^th place; English: 5,927^th place)

degruyter.com (Global: 1,425^th place; English: 1,138^th place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,042^nd place; English: 2,171^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

e-periodica.ch (Global: 6,247^th place; English: low place)

fordham.edu (Global: 1,648^th place; English: 1,137^th place)

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; English: 377^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hathitrust.org (Global: 441^st place; English: 311^th place)

heinonline.org (Global: 3,322^nd place; English: 1,897^th place)

iit.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,391^st place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

libertyfund.org (Global: 8,043^rd place; English: 6,448^th place)

louvre.fr (Global: 2,640^th place; English: 3,789^th place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 296^th place)

newadvent.org (Global: 471^st place; English: 409^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 731^st place; English: 638^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

soas.ac.uk (Global: 5,013^th place; English: 3,135^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; English: 585^th place)

umich.edu (Global: 459^th place; English: 360^th place)

uni-heidelberg.de (Global: 1,681^st place; English: 2,023^rd place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikisource.org (Global: 27^th place; English: 51^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

worldhistory.org (Global: 2,220^th place; English: 1,461^st place)

yale.edu (Global: 565^th place; English: 460^th place)