Color rendering index (English Wikipedia)

Sándor, Norbert; Schanda, János (September 1, 2006), "Visual colour rendering based on colour difference evaluations", Lighting Research and Technology, 38 (3): 225–239, doi:10.1191/1365782806lrt168oa.
Conference version of this article:
Sándor, Norbert; Schanda, János (2005), "Visual colour-rendering experiments" (PDF), AIC Colour '05: 10th Congress of the International Colour Association: 511–514, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21
Guo, Xin; Houser, Kevin W. (2004), "A review of colour rendering indices and their application to commercial light sources", Lighting Research and Technology, 36 (3): 183–199, doi:10.1191/1365782804li112oa
American approach is expounded in Nickerson (1960), and the European approach in Barnes (1957), and Crawford (1959). See Schanda & Sándor (2003) for a historical overview. Nickerson, Dorothy (January 1960), "Light sources and color rendering", JOSA, 50 (1): 57–69, Bibcode:1960JOSA...50...57N, doi:10.1364/JOSA.50.000057 Barnes, Bentley T. (December 1957), "Band Systems for Appraisal of Color Rendition", JOSA, 47 (12): 1124–1129, Bibcode:1957JOSA...47.1124B, doi:10.1364/JOSA.47.001124 Crawford, Brian Hewson (December 1959), "Measurement of color rendering tolerances", JOSA, 49 (12): 1147–1156, Bibcode:1959JOSA...49.1147C, doi:10.1364/JOSA.49.001147 Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85.
Rea, M. S.; Freyssinier, J. P. (2010). "Color rendering: Beyond pride and prejudice". Color Research and Application. 35 (6): 401–409. doi:10.1002/col.20562.
Per Schanda & Sándor (2003), Schanda (2002) and, as demonstrated in the Example section, the coefficient was chosen as 4.6 so that the CRI of the CIE standard illuminant F4, an obsolete "warm white" calcium halophosphate fluorescent lamp would be 51. Today's fluorescent "full-spectrum lights" boast CRIs approaching 100; e.g., Philips TL950 Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine or EP 1184893 . Thornton (1972) compares older products; Guo & Houser (2004) compares newer ones. Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85. Schanda, János (April 2–5, 2002). The Concept of Colour Rendering Revisited (PDF). First European Conference on Color in Graphics Imaging and Vision. Poitiers, France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Thornton, William A. (1972), "Color-Rendering Capability of Commercial Lamps", Applied Optics, 11 (5): 1078–1086, Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.1078T, doi:10.1364/AO.11.001078, PMID 20119099
Dangol, R; Islam, M; LiSc, M Hyvärinen; Bhusal, P; Puolakka, M; Halonen, L (December 2013). "Subjective preferences and colour quality metrics of LED light sources". Lighting Research & Technology. 45 (6): 666–688. doi:10.1177/1477153512471520.
Dangol, R; Islam, MS; Hyvärinen, M; Bhushal, P; Puolakka, M; Halonen, L (2015). "User acceptance studies for LED office lighting: Preference, naturalness and colourfulness". Lighting Research & Technology. 47: 36–53. doi:10.1177/1477153513514424.
Islam, MS; Dangol, R; Hyvärinen, M; Bhusal, P; Puolakka, M; Halonen, L (2013). "User acceptance studies for LED office lighting: Lamp spectrum, spatial brightness and illuminance". Lighting Research & Technology. 47: 54–79. doi:10.1177/1477153513514425.
Baniya, R. R.; Dangol, R.; Bhusal, P.; Wilm, A.; Baur, E.; Puolakka, M.; Halonen, L. (2015). "User-acceptance studies for simplified light-emitting diode spectra". Lighting Research and Technology. 47 (2): 177–191. doi:10.1177/1477153513515264.
Rea, M. S.; Freysinnier-Nova, J. P. (2008). "Color rendering: A tale of two metrics". Color Research and Application. 33 (3): 192–202. doi:10.1002/col.20399.

ebu.ch

tech.ebu.ch

"EBU Technology & Innovation - Television Lighting Consistency Index 2012". May 31, 2016.

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

Per Schanda & Sándor (2003), Schanda (2002) and, as demonstrated in the Example section, the coefficient was chosen as 4.6 so that the CRI of the CIE standard illuminant F4, an obsolete "warm white" calcium halophosphate fluorescent lamp would be 51. Today's fluorescent "full-spectrum lights" boast CRIs approaching 100; e.g., Philips TL950 Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine or EP 1184893 . Thornton (1972) compares older products; Guo & Houser (2004) compares newer ones. Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85. Schanda, János (April 2–5, 2002). The Concept of Colour Rendering Revisited (PDF). First European Conference on Color in Graphics Imaging and Vision. Poitiers, France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Thornton, William A. (1972), "Color-Rendering Capability of Commercial Lamps", Applied Optics, 11 (5): 1078–1086, Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.1078T, doi:10.1364/AO.11.001078, PMID 20119099

gtc.org.uk

"The Guild of Television Cameramen: TLCI Results". Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2014-08-28.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

American approach is expounded in Nickerson (1960), and the European approach in Barnes (1957), and Crawford (1959). See Schanda & Sándor (2003) for a historical overview. Nickerson, Dorothy (January 1960), "Light sources and color rendering", JOSA, 50 (1): 57–69, Bibcode:1960JOSA...50...57N, doi:10.1364/JOSA.50.000057 Barnes, Bentley T. (December 1957), "Band Systems for Appraisal of Color Rendition", JOSA, 47 (12): 1124–1129, Bibcode:1957JOSA...47.1124B, doi:10.1364/JOSA.47.001124 Crawford, Brian Hewson (December 1959), "Measurement of color rendering tolerances", JOSA, 49 (12): 1147–1156, Bibcode:1959JOSA...49.1147C, doi:10.1364/JOSA.49.001147 Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85.
Per Schanda & Sándor (2003), Schanda (2002) and, as demonstrated in the Example section, the coefficient was chosen as 4.6 so that the CRI of the CIE standard illuminant F4, an obsolete "warm white" calcium halophosphate fluorescent lamp would be 51. Today's fluorescent "full-spectrum lights" boast CRIs approaching 100; e.g., Philips TL950 Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine or EP 1184893 . Thornton (1972) compares older products; Guo & Houser (2004) compares newer ones. Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85. Schanda, János (April 2–5, 2002). The Concept of Colour Rendering Revisited (PDF). First European Conference on Color in Graphics Imaging and Vision. Poitiers, France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Thornton, William A. (1972), "Color-Rendering Capability of Commercial Lamps", Applied Optics, 11 (5): 1078–1086, Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.1078T, doi:10.1364/AO.11.001078, PMID 20119099

kriss.re.kr

photometry.kriss.re.kr

TCS spectra in CSV form Archived February 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science.

ledengin.com

"LZC-00GW00 Data Sheet" (PDF). ledengin.com. LED ENGIN. March 16, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-05.

mmsvideolight.com

"Why R9 is important for High CRI Lighting?".^{[permanent dead link]}

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Per Schanda & Sándor (2003), Schanda (2002) and, as demonstrated in the Example section, the coefficient was chosen as 4.6 so that the CRI of the CIE standard illuminant F4, an obsolete "warm white" calcium halophosphate fluorescent lamp would be 51. Today's fluorescent "full-spectrum lights" boast CRIs approaching 100; e.g., Philips TL950 Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine or EP 1184893 . Thornton (1972) compares older products; Guo & Houser (2004) compares newer ones. Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85. Schanda, János (April 2–5, 2002). The Concept of Colour Rendering Revisited (PDF). First European Conference on Color in Graphics Imaging and Vision. Poitiers, France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Thornton, William A. (1972), "Color-Rendering Capability of Commercial Lamps", Applied Optics, 11 (5): 1078–1086, Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.1078T, doi:10.1364/AO.11.001078, PMID 20119099

nist.gov

cie2.nist.gov

Bodrogi (2004), p. 11, Past research to improve the CRI. Bodrogi, Peter (2004), "Colour rendering: past, present(2004), and future", CIE Expert Symposium on LED Light Sources (PDF), pp. 10–12, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21, retrieved 2008-07-18

opticsinfobase.org

Smet K. A. G., Ryckaert W. R., Pointer M. R., Deconinck G., Hanselaer P. Correlation between color quality metric predictions and visual appreciation of light sources.

oscars.org

"Solid State Lighting Report". September 3, 2014.

resodance.com

(CIE 1995), Section 5.3: Tolerance for reference illuminant

rit.edu

Munsell Renotation Data, Munsell Color Science Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology

rpi.edu

lrc.rpi.edu

"Background" (PDF). Guide to Light and Color in Retail Merchandising. Vol. 8, no. 1. Alliance for Solid-State Illumination Systems and Technologies. March 2010. p. 5.
Rea, M.; Deng, L.; Wolsey, R. (2004). "Light Sources and Color". NLPIP Lighting Answers. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
"Light Levels" (PDF). Guide to Light and Color in Retail Merchandising. Vol. 8, no. 1. Alliance for Solid-State Illumination Systems and Technologies. March 2010. p. 12. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
"Color Rendering" (PDF). Recommendations for Specifying Color Properties of Light Sources for Retail Merchandising. Vol. 8, no. 2. Alliance for Solid-State Illumination Systems and Technologies. March 2010. p. 6. Retrieved 2020-09-14.

truesun.com

Per Schanda & Sándor (2003), Schanda (2002) and, as demonstrated in the Example section, the coefficient was chosen as 4.6 so that the CRI of the CIE standard illuminant F4, an obsolete "warm white" calcium halophosphate fluorescent lamp would be 51. Today's fluorescent "full-spectrum lights" boast CRIs approaching 100; e.g., Philips TL950 Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine or EP 1184893 . Thornton (1972) compares older products; Guo & Houser (2004) compares newer ones. Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85. Schanda, János (April 2–5, 2002). The Concept of Colour Rendering Revisited (PDF). First European Conference on Color in Graphics Imaging and Vision. Poitiers, France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Thornton, William A. (1972), "Color-Rendering Capability of Commercial Lamps", Applied Optics, 11 (5): 1078–1086, Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.1078T, doi:10.1364/AO.11.001078, PMID 20119099

vein.hu

knt.vein.hu

Sándor, Norbert; Schanda, János (September 1, 2006), "Visual colour rendering based on colour difference evaluations", Lighting Research and Technology, 38 (3): 225–239, doi:10.1191/1365782806lrt168oa.
Conference version of this article:
Sándor, Norbert; Schanda, János (2005), "Visual colour-rendering experiments" (PDF), AIC Colour '05: 10th Congress of the International Colour Association: 511–514, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21
Per Schanda & Sándor (2003), Schanda (2002) and, as demonstrated in the Example section, the coefficient was chosen as 4.6 so that the CRI of the CIE standard illuminant F4, an obsolete "warm white" calcium halophosphate fluorescent lamp would be 51. Today's fluorescent "full-spectrum lights" boast CRIs approaching 100; e.g., Philips TL950 Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine or EP 1184893 . Thornton (1972) compares older products; Guo & Houser (2004) compares newer ones. Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85. Schanda, János (April 2–5, 2002). The Concept of Colour Rendering Revisited (PDF). First European Conference on Color in Graphics Imaging and Vision. Poitiers, France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Thornton, William A. (1972), "Color-Rendering Capability of Commercial Lamps", Applied Optics, 11 (5): 1078–1086, Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.1078T, doi:10.1364/AO.11.001078, PMID 20119099

web.archive.org

"CIE 17.4-1987 International Lighting Vocabulary". Archived from the original on 2010-02-27. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
"LZC-00GW00 Data Sheet" (PDF). ledengin.com. LED ENGIN. March 16, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-05.
Sándor, Norbert; Schanda, János (September 1, 2006), "Visual colour rendering based on colour difference evaluations", Lighting Research and Technology, 38 (3): 225–239, doi:10.1191/1365782806lrt168oa.
Conference version of this article:
Sándor, Norbert; Schanda, János (2005), "Visual colour-rendering experiments" (PDF), AIC Colour '05: 10th Congress of the International Colour Association: 511–514, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21
CIE (1995), Method of Measuring and Specifying Colour Rendering Properties of Light Sources, Publication 13.3, Vienna: Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, ISBN 978-3-900734-57-2, archived from the original on 2008-01-03, retrieved 2008-01-19 (A verbatim re-publication of the 1974, second edition. Accompanying disk D008: Computer Program to Calculate CRIs. Archived March 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine)
Rea, M.; Deng, L.; Wolsey, R. (2004). "Light Sources and Color". NLPIP Lighting Answers. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Per Schanda & Sándor (2003), Schanda (2002) and, as demonstrated in the Example section, the coefficient was chosen as 4.6 so that the CRI of the CIE standard illuminant F4, an obsolete "warm white" calcium halophosphate fluorescent lamp would be 51. Today's fluorescent "full-spectrum lights" boast CRIs approaching 100; e.g., Philips TL950 Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine or EP 1184893 . Thornton (1972) compares older products; Guo & Houser (2004) compares newer ones. Schanda, János; Sándor, Norbert (2003). Colour rendering, past – present – future. International Lighting and Colour Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 2–5, 2003. pp. 76–85. Schanda, János (April 2–5, 2002). The Concept of Colour Rendering Revisited (PDF). First European Conference on Color in Graphics Imaging and Vision. Poitiers, France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Thornton, William A. (1972), "Color-Rendering Capability of Commercial Lamps", Applied Optics, 11 (5): 1078–1086, Bibcode:1972ApOpt..11.1078T, doi:10.1364/AO.11.001078, PMID 20119099
TCS spectra in CSV form Archived February 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science.
Bodrogi (2004), p. 11, Past research to improve the CRI. Bodrogi, Peter (2004), "Colour rendering: past, present(2004), and future", CIE Expert Symposium on LED Light Sources (PDF), pp. 10–12, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21, retrieved 2008-07-18
CIE Activity Report. Division 1: Vision and Color. Archived July 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, p. 21, January 2008.
"The Guild of Television Cameramen: TLCI Results". Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2014-08-28.

xrite.com

X-Rite ColorChecker Chart.

yujiintl.com

"High TLCI LEDs for Film and Photography".