Columbian exchange (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Columbian exchange" in English language version.

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12doi.org

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actionbioscience.org

Simberloff, Daniel (2000). "Introduced Species: The Threat to Biodiversity & What Can Be Done". American Institute of Biological Sciences: Bringing Biology to Informed Decision Making.

archive.org

Carney, Judith (2001). Black Rice: The African Origins of Rice Cultivation in the Americas. United States of America: Harvard University Press. pp. 4–5.
Carney, Judith (2001). Black Rice. Harvard University Press. pp. 2–8.
Riley, Gillian, ed. (2007). "Tomato". The Oxford Companion to Italian Food. Oxford University Press. pp. 529–530. ISBN 978-0-19-860617-8.
Collingham, Lizzie (2006). "Vindaloo: the Portuguese and the chili pepper". Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 47–73. ISBN 978-0-19-988381-3.
Knapp, Seaman Ashahel (1900). Rice culture in the United States (Public domain ed.). U.S. Department of Agriculture. pp. 6–.
Crosby, Alfred W. (1972). The Columbian exchange : biological and cultural consequences of 1492. Westport (Conn.) : Greenwood Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-8371-5821-1. The New World has few valuable animals to offer the Old. The turkey, guinea pig, and Muscovy duck crossed the Atlantic very early.

books.google.com

Michael Francis, John, ed. (2006). "Columbian Exchange—Livestock". Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 303–308. ISBN 978-1-85109-421-9.

britannica.com

McNeill, J. R.; Sampaolo, Marco; Wallenfeldt, Jeff (September 30, 2019) [28 September 2019]. "Columbian Exchange". Encyclopædia Britannica. Edinburgh: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2021.

cbc.ca

CBC News Staff (January 2008). "Study traces origins of syphilis in Europe to New World". Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2008.

countrystudies.us

Merrill, Tim L.; Miro, Ramon (1996). Mexico: A Country Study. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress.

discovery.com

news.discovery.com

Elusive Lager Yeast Found in Patagonia Archived January 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Discovery News, August 23, 2011

doi.org

Nunn, Nathan; Qian, Nancy (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 24 (2): 163–188. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.232.9242. doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.163. JSTOR 25703506.
Erickson, D. L; Smith, B. D; Clarke, A. C; Sandweiss, D. H; Tuross, N (2005). "An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (51): 18315–20. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10218315E. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509279102. PMC 1311910. PMID 16352716.
Kent ME, Romanelli F (February 2008). "Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management". Ann Pharmacother. 42 (2): 226–36. doi:10.1345/aph.1K086. PMID 18212261. S2CID 23899851.
Farhi, D; Dupin, N (September–October 2010). "Origins of syphilis and management in the immunocompetent patient: facts and controversies". Clinics in Dermatology. 28 (5): 533–8. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.011. PMID 20797514.
Franzen, C. (December 2008). "Syphilis in composers and musicians—Mozart, Beethoven, Paganini, Schubert, Schumann, Smetana". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 27 (12): 1151–1157. doi:10.1007/s10096-008-0571-x. PMID 18592279. S2CID 947291.
Harper, Kristin; et al. (January 2008). "On the Origin of the Treponematoses: A Phylogenetic Approach". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2 (1): e148. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000148. PMC 2217670. PMID 18235852.
Denevan, William M. (October 1983). "Demographic Collapse: Indian Peru, 1520-1630 by Noble David Cook". The Americas. 40 (2): 281–284. doi:10.2307/980770. JSTOR 980770. S2CID 148174483. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
Drenth, André; Guest, David I. (August 4, 2016). "Fungal and Oomycete Diseases of Tropical Tree Fruit Crops". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 54 (1). Annual Reviews: 373–395. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-095944. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 27491435.
Carney, Judith A. (2001). "African Rice in the Columbian Exchange". The Journal of African History. 42 (3): 377–396. doi:10.1017/s0021853701007940. JSTOR 3647168. PMID 18551802. S2CID 37074402.
Torrejón, Fernando; Cisternas, Marco; Araneda, Alberto (2004). "Efectos ambientales de la colonización española desde el río Maullín al archipiélago de Chiloé, sur de Chile" [Environmental effects of the Spanish colonization from de Maullín river to the Chiloé archipelago, southern Chile]. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (in Spanish). 77 (4): 661–677. doi:10.4067/s0716-078x2004000400009.
Pennock, Caroline (June 1, 2020). "Aztecs Abroad? Uncovering the Early Indigenous Atlantic". The American Historical Review. 125 (3): 787–814. doi:10.1093/ahr/rhaa237. ISSN 0002-8762.

dx.doi.org

Pennock, Caroline (June 1, 2020). "Aztecs Abroad? Uncovering the Early Indigenous Atlantic". The American Historical Review. 125 (3): 787–814. doi:10.1093/ahr/rhaa237. ISSN 0002-8762.

eh.net

Esposito, Elena (Summer 2015). "Side Effects of Immunities: the African Slave Trade" (PDF). European University Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 12, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2018.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Erickson, D. L; Smith, B. D; Clarke, A. C; Sandweiss, D. H; Tuross, N (2005). "An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (51): 18315–20. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10218315E. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509279102. PMC 1311910. PMID 16352716.

heritage.nf.ca

"The Norse in the North Atlantic". Heritage: Newfoundland & Labrador. Retrieved July 15, 2021.

jstor.org

Nunn, Nathan; Qian, Nancy (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 24 (2): 163–188. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.232.9242. doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.163. JSTOR 25703506.
Denevan, William M. (October 1983). "Demographic Collapse: Indian Peru, 1520-1630 by Noble David Cook". The Americas. 40 (2): 281–284. doi:10.2307/980770. JSTOR 980770. S2CID 148174483. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
Carney, Judith A. (2001). "African Rice in the Columbian Exchange". The Journal of African History. 42 (3): 377–396. doi:10.1017/s0021853701007940. JSTOR 3647168. PMID 18551802. S2CID 37074402.

nationalhumanitiescenter.org

Crosby, Alfred W. (December 2001). "The Columbian Exchange: Plants, Animals, and Disease between the Old and New Worlds". National Humanities Center. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

ncpedia.org

McNeill, J.R. "The Columbian Exchange". NCpedia. State Library of North Carolina. Retrieved October 23, 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Erickson, D. L; Smith, B. D; Clarke, A. C; Sandweiss, D. H; Tuross, N (2005). "An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (51): 18315–20. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10218315E. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509279102. PMC 1311910. PMID 16352716.
Kent ME, Romanelli F (February 2008). "Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management". Ann Pharmacother. 42 (2): 226–36. doi:10.1345/aph.1K086. PMID 18212261. S2CID 23899851.
Farhi, D; Dupin, N (September–October 2010). "Origins of syphilis and management in the immunocompetent patient: facts and controversies". Clinics in Dermatology. 28 (5): 533–8. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.011. PMID 20797514.
Franzen, C. (December 2008). "Syphilis in composers and musicians—Mozart, Beethoven, Paganini, Schubert, Schumann, Smetana". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 27 (12): 1151–1157. doi:10.1007/s10096-008-0571-x. PMID 18592279. S2CID 947291.
Harper, Kristin; et al. (January 2008). "On the Origin of the Treponematoses: A Phylogenetic Approach". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2 (1): e148. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000148. PMC 2217670. PMID 18235852.
Drenth, André; Guest, David I. (August 4, 2016). "Fungal and Oomycete Diseases of Tropical Tree Fruit Crops". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 54 (1). Annual Reviews: 373–395. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-095944. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 27491435.
Carney, Judith A. (2001). "African Rice in the Columbian Exchange". The Journal of African History. 42 (3): 377–396. doi:10.1017/s0021853701007940. JSTOR 3647168. PMID 18551802. S2CID 37074402.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Erickson, D. L; Smith, B. D; Clarke, A. C; Sandweiss, D. H; Tuross, N (2005). "An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (51): 18315–20. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10218315E. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509279102. PMC 1311910. PMID 16352716.
Harper, Kristin; et al. (January 2008). "On the Origin of the Treponematoses: A Phylogenetic Approach". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2 (1): e148. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000148. PMC 2217670. PMID 18235852.

osu.edu

researchnews.osu.edu

"Super-Sized Cassava Plants May Help Fight Hunger In Africa" Archived December 8, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Ohio State University

pbs.org

Gunderman, Richard (February 23, 2019). "How smallpox devastated the Aztecs -- and helped Spain conquer an American civilization 500 years ago". PBS. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
Gates, Louis (January 2, 2013). "100 Amazing Facts About the Negro". PBS. WNET. Retrieved October 25, 2018.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Nunn, Nathan; Qian, Nancy (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 24 (2): 163–188. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.232.9242. doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.163. JSTOR 25703506.

qz.com

Smith, Tara C. (December 23, 2015). "Thanks Columbus! The true story of how syphilis spread to Europe". Quartz. Retrieved September 1, 2016. The first cases of the disease in the Old World were described in 1493.

researchgate.net

Flynn, Dennis O.; Giraldez, Arturo (1995). "Born with a "Silver Spoon": The Origin of World Trade in 1571". Journal of World History. 6 (2): 201–202. Retrieved July 18, 2021.

reuters.com

Dunham, Will (July 8, 2020). "Study shows ancient contact between Polynesian and South American peoples". Reuters. Retrieved July 15, 2021.

scielo.cl

Torrejón, Fernando; Cisternas, Marco; Araneda, Alberto (2004). "Efectos ambientales de la colonización española desde el río Maullín al archipiélago de Chiloé, sur de Chile" [Environmental effects of the Spanish colonization from de Maullín river to the Chiloé archipelago, southern Chile]. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (in Spanish). 77 (4): 661–677. doi:10.4067/s0716-078x2004000400009.
Dillehy, Tom (2016). "REFLECTIONS ON ARAUCANIAN/MAPUCHE RESILIENCE, INDEPENDENCE, AND ETHNOMORPHOSIS IN COLONIAL (AND PRESENT-DAY) CHILE". Chungará (Arica). 48 (4). Retrieved April 27, 2024.

sciencealert.com

Nield, David (January 18, 2018). "Study Shows That Humans Domesticated Turkeys For Worshipping, Not Eating". sciencealert.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2018.

scientificamerican.com

Choi, Charles Q. (December 27, 2011). "Case Closed? Columbus Introduced Syphilis to Europe". Scientific American. Retrieved September 1, 2016.

scitizen.com

"Maize Streak Virus-Resistant Transgenic Maize: an African solution to an African Problem", Scitizen, August 7, 2007

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kent ME, Romanelli F (February 2008). "Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management". Ann Pharmacother. 42 (2): 226–36. doi:10.1345/aph.1K086. PMID 18212261. S2CID 23899851.
Franzen, C. (December 2008). "Syphilis in composers and musicians—Mozart, Beethoven, Paganini, Schubert, Schumann, Smetana". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 27 (12): 1151–1157. doi:10.1007/s10096-008-0571-x. PMID 18592279. S2CID 947291.
Denevan, William M. (October 1983). "Demographic Collapse: Indian Peru, 1520-1630 by Noble David Cook". The Americas. 40 (2): 281–284. doi:10.2307/980770. JSTOR 980770. S2CID 148174483. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
Carney, Judith A. (2001). "African Rice in the Columbian Exchange". The Journal of African History. 42 (3): 377–396. doi:10.1017/s0021853701007940. JSTOR 3647168. PMID 18551802. S2CID 37074402.

smithsonianmag.com

Gambino, Megan (October 4, 2011). "Alfred W. Crosby on the Columbian Exchange". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved October 19, 2018.

theatlantic.com

A New Skeleton and an Old Debate About Syphilis; The Atlantic; Cari Romm; February 18, 2016

tobacco.org

archive.tobacco.org

Monardes, Nicholas. "Of the Tabaco and of his Greate Vertues". Frampton, John trans, Wolf, Michael, ed. Tobacco.org. Accessed June 1, 2017 http://archive.tobacco.org/History/monardes.html Archived June 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

ucla.edu

botgard.ucla.edu

Gibson, Arthur. "Bananas & Plantains". University of California, Los Angeles. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012.

ucr.edu

cisr.ucr.edu

Hoddle, M. S. "Quagga & Zebra Mussels". Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside . Retrieved June 29, 2010.

uh.edu

digitalhistory.uh.edu

Mintz, S.; McNeil, S. (2018). "Origins of Plants". University of Houston. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

unam.mx

fmvz.unam.mx

Valadez Azúa, Raúl (2004). "Retomando la apicultura del México antiguo" (PDF). Veterinaria. 4 (2). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: 11. ISSN 1405-9002.

web.archive.org

McNeill, J. R.; Sampaolo, Marco; Wallenfeldt, Jeff (September 30, 2019) [28 September 2019]. "Columbian Exchange". Encyclopædia Britannica. Edinburgh: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
CBC News Staff (January 2008). "Study traces origins of syphilis in Europe to New World". Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
"Super-Sized Cassava Plants May Help Fight Hunger In Africa" Archived December 8, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Ohio State University
"China's Population: Readings and Maps", Columbia University, East Asian Curriculum Project
Nathan, Nunn; Nancy, Qian (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food and Ideas" (PDF). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2: 163–88, 167. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 11, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
Gibson, Arthur. "Bananas & Plantains". University of California, Los Angeles. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012.
Esposito, Elena (Summer 2015). "Side Effects of Immunities: the African Slave Trade" (PDF). European University Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 12, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
Monardes, Nicholas. "Of the Tabaco and of his Greate Vertues". Frampton, John trans, Wolf, Michael, ed. Tobacco.org. Accessed June 1, 2017 http://archive.tobacco.org/History/monardes.html Archived June 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008 : The MPOWER Package (PDF). World Health Organization. 2008. pp. 6, 8, 20. ISBN 9789240683112. OCLC 476167599. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 21, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
Nield, David (January 18, 2018). "Study Shows That Humans Domesticated Turkeys For Worshipping, Not Eating". sciencealert.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
Elusive Lager Yeast Found in Patagonia Archived January 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Discovery News, August 23, 2011

who.int

apps.who.int

WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008 : The MPOWER Package (PDF). World Health Organization. 2008. pp. 6, 8, 20. ISBN 9789240683112. OCLC 476167599. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 21, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.

worldcat.org

Pilcher, Jeffrey M., ed. (2012). The Oxford handbook of food history. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-972993-7. OCLC 785077528.
Drenth, André; Guest, David I. (August 4, 2016). "Fungal and Oomycete Diseases of Tropical Tree Fruit Crops". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 54 (1). Annual Reviews: 373–395. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-095944. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 27491435.
Valadez Azúa, Raúl (2004). "Retomando la apicultura del México antiguo" (PDF). Veterinaria. 4 (2). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: 11. ISSN 1405-9002.
WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008 : The MPOWER Package (PDF). World Health Organization. 2008. pp. 6, 8, 20. ISBN 9789240683112. OCLC 476167599. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 21, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
Pennock, Caroline (June 1, 2020). "Aztecs Abroad? Uncovering the Early Indigenous Atlantic". The American Historical Review. 125 (3): 787–814. doi:10.1093/ahr/rhaa237. ISSN 0002-8762.

yale.edu

econ.yale.edu

Nathan, Nunn; Nancy, Qian (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food and Ideas" (PDF). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2: 163–88, 167. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 11, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2018.