Common Era (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Common Era" in English language version.

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  • See, for example, the Society for Historical Archaeology states in its more recent style guide "Do not use CE (common era), BP (before present), or BCE; convert these expressions to AD and BC." (In section I 5 the Society explains how to use "years BP" in connection with radiocarbon ages.) Society for Historical Archaeology (December 2006). "Style Guide" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2017. whereas the American Anthropological Association style guide takes a different approach, supporting the use of "CE" and "BCE." American Anthropological Society (2009). "AAA Style Guide" (PDF). p. 3. Retrieved 26 May 2015.

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  • Johannes Kepler (1615). Joannis Keppleri Eclogae chronicae: (etc) (in Latin). Frankfurt: Tampach. OCLC 62188677. Dabam Pragae Idibus Aprilibus, Anno vulgaris aerae MDCXII (Earliest-found use of "vulgaris aerae", Latin for Common Era) (1615)
  • The History of the Works of the Learned. Vol. 10. London. January 1708. p. 513. ... to the fourth century of the Common Era (Possibly the first use of common era in English (1708))
  • "Vulgar". Oxford English Dictionary. Vol. 12. 1933. p. 326.
  • Humphrey Prideaux, D.D. (1716). The Old and New Testament Connected in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations. Vol. 1 (Second ed.). London. p. ii.
  • Gregory, David; John Nicholson; John Morphew (1715). The Elements of Astronomy, Physical and Geometrical. Vol. 1. London: J. Nicholson. p. 252. Some say the World was created 3950 Years before the common Æra of Christ Before Christ and Christian Era appear on the same page 252, while Vulgar Era appears on page 250
  • Sale, George; Psalmanazar, George; Bower, Archibald; Shelvocke, George; Campbell, John; Swinton, John (1759). An Universal History: From the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time. Vol. 13. London: C. Bathurst [etc.] p. 130. And it doth not appear, that they began to reckon from the creation till after their Gemarrah was finished;at which time they fixed that for their common era [In this case, their refers to the Jews.]
  • Hooper, William; Bielfeld, Jacob Friedrich (1770). The Elements of Universal Erudition: Containing an Analytical Abridgment of the Sciences, Polite Arts, and Belles Lettres. Vol. 3. London: J Robson and B. Law. pp. 63, 105. The Spanish era began with the year of the world 3966, and 38 years before the common era (p63); 1796 years before the common era [...] 776 before the vulgar era. (p105) [Possibly the first English use of "before the common era", with "vulgar era" synonymous with "common era" (1770)]
  • A. Whitelaw, ed. (1874). "Epoch". Popular Encyclopedia or Conversations Lexicon. Vol. V. Oxford University Press. p. 207. the common era of the Jews places the creation in BC 3760
  • Gumpach, Johannes von (1856). Practical tables for the reduction of Mahometan dates to the Christian calendar. Oxford University Press. p. 4. Its epoch is the first of March old style. The common era of the Mahometans, as has already been stated, is that of the flight of Mahomet.
  • Jones, William (1801). The Theological, Philosophical and Miscellaneous Works of the Rev. William Jones. London: Rivington. p. 354.
  • Todd, James Henthorn (1864). St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, A Memoir of his Life and Mission. Dublin: Hodges, Smith & Co. pp. [1]–497. It should be observed, however, that these years correspond to 492 and 493, a portion of the annals of Ulster being counted from the Incarnation, and being, therefore, one year before the common era of the Nativity of our Lord.

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  • McKim, Donald K (1996). "C. E.". Westminster dictionary of theological terms. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-664-25511-4.
  • Irvin, Dale T.; Sunquist, Scott (2001). History of the World Christian Movement. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. xi. ISBN 0-567-08866-9. The influence of western culture and scholarship upon the rest of the world in turn led to this system of dating becoming the most widely used one across the globe today. Many scholars in historical and religious studies in the West in recent years have sought to lessen the explicitly Christian meaning of this system without abandoning the usefulness of a single, common, global form of dating. For this reason the terms common era and before the common era, abbreviated as CE and BCE, have grown in popularity as designations. The terms are meant, in deference to non-Christians, to soften the explicit theological claims made by the older Latin terminology, while at the same time providing continuity with earlier generations of mostly western Christian historical research
  • Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 686. ISBN 978-0-8028-3781-3.
  • Le Clerc, John, ed. (1701). The Harmony of the Evangelists. London: Sam Buckley. p. 5. Before Christ according to the Vulgar Æra, 6
  • MacFarquhar, Colin; Gleig, George (1797). "Peter". Encyclopædia Britannica. A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar. p. 228. St Peter died in the 66th year of the vulgar era
  • MacFarquhar, Colin; Gleig, George (1797). "Paul". Encyclopædia Britannica. A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar. p. 50. This happened in the 33rd year of the common era, some time after our Saviour's death.
  • The first and second Advent: or, The past and the future with reference to the Jew, the gentile, and the Church of God. Wertheim, MacIntosh & Hunt. 1858. p. 176. Hence the present year, 1858, in the common era of the Jews, is AM 5618–5619, a difference of more than 200 years from our commonly-received chronology.
  • Jones, William (1801). The Theological, Philosophical and Miscellaneous Works of the Rev. William Jones. London: Rivington. p. 354.
  • Alexander Fraser Tytler (1854). Universal History: From the Creation of the World to the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century. Boston: Fetridge and Company. p. 284.
  • Baynes, Thomas Spencer (1833). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. Vol. V (9 ed.). New York: Henry G. Allen and Company. p. 711.
  • Heneage Elsley (1812). Annotations on the Four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles (2nd ed.). London: T. Payne. xvi.
  • Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums. Ein unpartheiisches Organ für alles jüdische Interesse, II. Jahrgang, No. 60, Leipzig, 19. Mai 1838 (19 May 1838). See page 175 in Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums: Ein unpartheiisches Organ für alles jüdische Interesse in Betreff von Politik, Religion, Literatur, Geschichte, Sprachkunde und Belletristik, Volume 2 (Leipzig 1838).

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  • "Submission Guidelines for The Ostracon". The Ostracon – Journal of the Egyptian Studies Society. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2011. For dates, please use the now-standard 'BCE–CE' notation, rather than 'BC–AD.' Authors with strong religious preferences may use 'BC–AD,' however.

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  • Lefevere, Patricia (11 December 1998). "Annan: 'Peace is never a perfect achievement' – United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
  • Whitney, Susan (2 December 2006). "Altering history? Changes have some asking 'Before what?'". The Deseret News. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2011. 'I find this attempt to restructure history offensive,' Lori Weintz wrote, in a letter to National Geographic publishers. ... 'The forward to your book says B.C. and A.D. were removed so as to "not impose the standards of one culture on others." ... It's 2006 this year for anyone on Earth that is participating in day-to-day world commerce and communication. Two thousand six years since what? Most people know, regardless of their belief system, and aren't offended by a historical fact.'

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  • Clivaz, Claire (2012). "Common Era 2.0". Lire demain; Reading tomorrow. EPFL Press. p. 38. ISBN 9782889141494. ... the expression "Christian era" appears in Latin in a 1584 theology book (Grynaeus and Beumler 1584)
  • Kaczynski, Richard (1 April 2009). The Weiser Concise Guide to Aleister Crowley. Weiser Books. p. 48.

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  • Herrmann, Andrew (27 May 2006). "BCE date designation called more sensitive". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2016. The changes – showing up at museums, in academic circles and in school textbooks – have been touted as more sensitive to people of faiths outside of Christianity. ... The use of BCE and CE have rankled some Christians

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  • Tracey R Rich. "Judaism 101". Retrieved 18 May 2011. Jews do not generally use the words 'A.D.' and 'B.C.' to refer to the years on the Gregorian calendar. 'A.D.' means 'the year of our L-rd,' and we do not believe Jesus is the L-rd. Instead, we use the abbreviations C.E. (Common or Christian Era) and B.C.E. (Before the Common Era).

jewishgen.org

  • "Plymouth, England Tombstone inscriptions". Jewish Communities & Records. Retrieved 18 May 2011. Here is buried his honour Judah ben his honour Joseph, a prince and honoured amongst philanthropists, who executed good deeds, died in his house in the City of Bath, Tuesday, and was buried here on Sunday, 19 Sivan in the year 5585. In memory of Lyon Joseph Esq (merchant of Falmouth, Cornwall). who died at Bath June AM 5585/VE 1825. Beloved and respected.[19 Sivan 5585 AM is 5 June 1825. VE is likely an abbreviation for Vulgar Era.]

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  • "Anno Domini". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2003. Retrieved 4 October 2011. Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of the Lord

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  • Espenak, Fred (25 February 2008). "Year dating conventions". NASA. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  • Doggett, L.E., (1992), "Calendars" in Seidelmann, P.K., The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, Sausalito CA: University Science Books, 2.1

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newadvent.org

  • "General Chronology". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. III. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1908.
  • "General Chronology". Catholic Encyclopedia. Foremost among these [various eras] is that which is now adopted by all civilized peoples and known as the Christian, Vulgar or Common Era, in the twentieth century of which we are now living.

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  • See, for example, the Society for Historical Archaeology states in its more recent style guide "Do not use CE (common era), BP (before present), or BCE; convert these expressions to AD and BC." (In section I 5 the Society explains how to use "years BP" in connection with radiocarbon ages.) Society for Historical Archaeology (December 2006). "Style Guide" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2017. whereas the American Anthropological Association style guide takes a different approach, supporting the use of "CE" and "BCE." American Anthropological Society (2009). "AAA Style Guide" (PDF). p. 3. Retrieved 26 May 2015.

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  • From the Latin word vulgus, the common people – to contrast it with the regnal year system of dating used by the Government.

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  • "pr. Kr". Hrvatski jezični portal. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  • "p. Kr". Hrvatski jezični portal. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  • "pr. n. e." Hrvatski jezični portal. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  • "n. e." Hrvatski jezični portal. Retrieved 16 March 2021.