Conservatism (English Wikipedia)

Michael John Williams (February 12, 2020). "The German Center Does Not Hold". New Atlanticist. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.

bbc.co.uk

"So Christians do not approve of the taking of illegal drugs, including most recreational drugs, especially those which can alter the mind and make people incapable of praying or being alert to God". Archived from the original on October 20, 2017.

bbc.com

Vock, Ido (June 27, 2024). "Bolivia: Soldiers storm presidential palace in apparent coup attempt". BBC. Archived from the original on June 27, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.

berkeley.edu

"Researchers help define what makes a political conservative". 2003.

bloombergview.com

Time for Singapore to Grow Up, Bloomberg News, March 29, 2015

bloomsburycollections.com

Mark Garnett (ed.), Conservative Moments: Reading Conservative Texts, Bloomsbury Academic, 2018, ch. 9.

books.google.com

Heywood 2004, pp. 166–167: "In particular, conservatives have emphasized that society is held together by the maintenance of traditional institutions such as the family and by respect for an established culture, based upon religion, tradition and custom." Heywood, Andrew (2004). Political Theory: An Introduction (3 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333961803.
Giubilei 2019, p. 37: "Conservatives aim to conserve the natural and fundamental elements of society, which are: private property, family, the homeland, and even religion […] the right-wing conservative is such not because he wants to conserve any regime and any institutions, but rather specific institutions and particular values." Giubilei, Francesco (2019). The History of European Conservative Thought. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781621579090.
Fawcett 2020, pp. 3–18. Fawcett, Edmund (2020). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17410-5.
Muller 1997, p. 26. Muller, Jerry Z. (1997). Conservatism: An Anthology of Social and Political Thought from David Hume to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691037110.
Heywood 2017, p. 63. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Nisbet 2002, p. 15. Nisbet, Robert (2002). Conservatism: Dream and Reality. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9780765808622.
Heywood 2017, p. 74: "While contemporary conservatives are keen to demonstrate their commitment to democratic, particularly liberal-democratic, principles, there is a tradition within conservatism that has favoured authoritarian rule, especially in continental Europe." Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Micklethwait, John; Wooldridge, Adrian (2004). The Right Nation: Conservative Power in America. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 1594200203. Americans who describe themselves as 'conservatives' nevertheless disagree on almost all the most fundamental questions of life. […] The Straussians at the Weekly Standard are philosophical elitists who believe that the masses need to be steered by an educated intelligentsia. The antitax crusaders who march behind Grover Norquist are populists who believe that pointy-headed intellectuals need to be given a good ducking.
Heywood 2017, p. 63: "The Canadian Conservative Party adopted the title Progressive Conservative precisely to distance itself from reactionary ideas." Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Fawcett 2020, p. 59: "Conservatives can be radical or moderate. It depends on the state of the contest, on the stakes in the contest, and on which party is attacking, which defending." Fawcett, Edmund (2020). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17410-5.
Heywood 2017, pp. 65–73. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Scruton, Roger (2017). Conservatism: Ideas in Profile. Profile. pp. 137–138. ISBN 9781782833109.
Hogg Baron Hailsham of St. Marylebone, Quintin (1959). The Conservative Case. Penguin Books.
Heywood 2017, p. 67. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Fawcett 2020, p. 48. Fawcett, Edmund (2020). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17410-5.
Heywood 2004, p. 346. Heywood, Andrew (2004). Political Theory: An Introduction (3 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333961803.
Heywood 2017, p. 66. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Hazony, Yoram (2022). Conservatism: A Rediscovery. Swift. pp. 125–133. ISBN 9781800752344.
Giubilei 2019, pp. 18–19. Giubilei, Francesco (2019). The History of European Conservative Thought. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781621579090.
Heywood 2017, p. 72. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Reinhard, Bendix (1977). Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. University of California Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-520-03194-4.
Kojève 2020, pp. 14–28. Kojève, Alexandre (2020) [1942]. The Notion of Authority: A Brief Presentation. Verso Books. ISBN 9781788739610.
Nisbet, Robert A. (1993) [1966]. The Sociological Tradition. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-56000-667-1.
Kojève 2020, p. xvii. Kojève, Alexandre (2020) [1942]. The Notion of Authority: A Brief Presentation. Verso Books. ISBN 9781788739610.
Arendt, Hannah (1954). Between Past and Future: Six Exercises in Political Thought. Viking. pp. 91–92.
Kojève 2020, pp. xviii–xix. Kojève, Alexandre (2020) [1942]. The Notion of Authority: A Brief Presentation. Verso Books. ISBN 9781788739610.
Heywood, Andrew (2003). Political Ideologies: An Introduction (3 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-333-96178-0.
Auerbach 1959, p. 33. Auerbach, M. Morton (1959). The Conservative Illusion. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-598-37476-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Auerbach 1959, pp. 37–40. Auerbach, M. Morton (1959). The Conservative Illusion. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-598-37476-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Auerbach 1959, pp. 52–54. Auerbach, M. Morton (1959). The Conservative Illusion. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-598-37476-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Auerbach 1959, p. 41. Auerbach, M. Morton (1959). The Conservative Illusion. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-598-37476-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Fawcett 2020, p. 20. Fawcett, Edmund (2020). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17410-5.
Fawcett 2020, pp. 25–30. Fawcett, Edmund (2020). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17410-5.
Fawcett 2020, pp. 5–7. Fawcett, Edmund (2020). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17410-5.
Freeden, Sargent & Stears 2013, pp. 294–297. Freeden, Michael; Sargent, Lyman Tower; Stears, Marc; et al. (2013). Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0199585977.
Kater, Michael H. (2008). Never Sang for Hitler: The Life and Times of Lotte Lehmann, 1888–1976. Cambridge University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0521873925.
Hoffmann, Stanley (1974). "The Vichy Circle of French Conservatives". Decline or Renewal? : France since 1930s. Viking. pp. 3–25. ISBN 0670262358.
Lojkó, Miklós (2005). Meddling in Middle Europe: Britain and the 'Lands Between, 1919–1925. Central European University Press. p. 180. ISBN 9637326235.
Bischof 2003, p. 26. Bischof, Günter J., ed. (2003). The Dollfuss/Schuschnigg Era in Austria: A Reassessment. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412821896.
Blamires, Cyprian (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 21. ISBN 1576079406.
Pashanko, Dimitroff (1993). King of Mercy: Boris III of Bulgaria, 1894–1943. Wexford & Barrow. p. 243. ISBN 9781879593695.
Blinkhorn 1990, p. 10. Blinkhorn, Martin (1990). Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-Century Europe. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-04-940087-0.
Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.
Kay, Hugh (1970). Salazar and Modern Portugal. Hawthorn Books. p. 68. ISBN 0413267008.
Fawcett 2020, p. 263. Fawcett, Edmund (2020). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17410-5.
Remmer 1989, p. 10. Remmer, Karen L. (1989). Military Rule in Latin America. Westview. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8133-8450-4.
Remmer 1989, pp. 5–6. Remmer, Karen L. (1989). Military Rule in Latin America. Westview. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8133-8450-4.
Grigsby, Ellen (2008). Analyzing Politics. Cengage Learning. pp. 108–109, 112, 347. ISBN 978-0-495-50112-1.
Giubilei 2019, p. 21. Giubilei, Francesco (2019). The History of European Conservative Thought. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781621579090.
Nisbet 2002, pp. 28–31. Nisbet, Robert (2002). Conservatism: Dream and Reality. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9780765808622.
Freeman, Robert M. (1999). Correctional Organization and Management: Public Policy Challenges, Behavior, and Structure. Elsevier. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-7506-9897-9.
Heywood 2017, p. 92. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Freeden, Sargent & Stears 2013, pp. 465–469. Freeden, Michael; Sargent, Lyman Tower; Stears, Marc; et al. (2013). Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0199585977.
Heywood 2017, p. 90. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Heywood 2017, pp. 76–77. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Robert Blake (1967). Disraeli (2 ed.). Eyre & Spottiswoode. p. 524.
Bischof, Günter, ed. (1995). Eisenhower: A Centenary Assessment. LSU Press. p. 98. ISBN 9780807119426.
Bullock, Alan; Trombley, Stephen; Lawrie, Alf (1999). The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought (3 ed.). HarperCollins. p. 729. ISBN 978-0-00-255871-6.
McLean & McMillan 2009. McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009). Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199207800.
Robin, Corey (2018). The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Donald Trump. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190692001. This book is about the second half of the story, the demarche, and the political ideas – variously called conservative, reactionary, revanchist, counterrevolutionary – that grow out of and give rise to it.
Wilson, Francis (1951). The Case for Conservatism. Transaction. p. 2. ISBN 978-1412842341. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Andersen, Margaret L., Taylor, Howard Francis. Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society Archived December 5, 2022, at the Wayback Machine Cengage Learning, 4th Ed. (2005), pp. 469–470. ISBN 978-0-534-61716-5
Riff, Michael (1987). Dictionary of Modern Political Ideologies. Manchester University Press. p. 34. ISBN 0-7190-3289-X.
Heywood 2017, p. 69. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
"The World & I". The World & I. Vol. 1, no. 5. Washington Times Corp. 1986. Retrieved August 19, 2011. militant atheism was incompatible with conservatism
Davies, Peter; Lynch, Derek (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Psychology. ISBN 978-0-415-21494-0. In addition, conservative Christians often endorsed far-right regimes as the lesser of two evils, especially when confronted with militant atheism in the USSR.
Berger, Peter L.; Davie, Grace; Fokas, Effie (2008). Religious America, Secular Europe?: A Theme and Variations. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6011-8. Retrieved August 19, 2011. If anything the reverse is true: moral conservatives continue to oppose secular liberals on a wide range of issues.
Frohnen 2006, pp. 870–875. Frohnen, Bruce; et al. (2006). American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. ISI Books. ISBN 978-1-932236-43-9.
Bramall, Chris (2008). Chinese Economic Development. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-19051-5.
Rao, Jaithirth (2019). The Indian Conservative : A History of Indian Right-Wing Thought. Juggernaut. p. 280. ISBN 978-9353450625.
Kumari, Abhilasha; Kidwai, Sabina (1998). Crossing the Sacred Line: Women's Search for Political Power. Orient Blackswan. p. 83. ISBN 978-81-250-1434-8.
Chatterji, Angana P.; Hansen, Thomas Blom; Jaffrelot, Christophe (2019). Majoritarian State: How Hindu Nationalism Is Changing India. Oxford University Press. pp. 100–130. ISBN 978-0-19-007817-1. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
Cyrus Ghani; Sīrūs Ghanī (January 6, 2001). Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power. I.B.Tauris. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-1-86064-629-4.
Afkhami, Gholam-Reza (2009). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94216-5. Archived from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
Shindler, Colin (2015). The Rise of the Israeli Right: from Odessa to Hebron. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521193788.
Thayer, N. B. (2015). How the Conservatives Rule Japan. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400871414.
Pempel, T. J. (1982). Policy and Politics in Japan: Creative Conservatism. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-0-87722-250-7.
Heywood 2017, pp. 63–64. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Todd, Emmanuel (1985). The Explanation of Ideology: Family Structures and Social Systems. Blackwell.
McClain, James L. (2002). Japan: A Modern History. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 390. ISBN 0393041565.
Kapur, Nick (2018). Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo. Harvard University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0674984424.
Nisbet 2002, pp. 34–36. Nisbet, Robert (2002). Conservatism: Dream and Reality. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9780765808622.
Blinkhorn 1990, p. 7. Blinkhorn, Martin (1990). Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-Century Europe. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-04-940087-0.
Heywood 2017, p. 82. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Bischof 2003. Bischof, Günter J., ed. (2003). The Dollfuss/Schuschnigg Era in Austria: A Reassessment. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412821896.
Annesley 2005, p. 124. Annesley, Claire (2005). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-214-5.
Annesley 2005, p. 68. Annesley, Claire (2005). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-214-5.
Jussi M. Hanhimäki (1997). Containing Coexistence: America, Russia, and the "Finnish Solution". Kent State UP. p. 4. ISBN 9780873385589.
The Finnish Civil War 1918: History, Memory, Legacy. BRILL. 2014. p. 166. ISBN 978-90-04-28071-7.
Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (2018). How Democracies Die. Crown. ISBN 9781524762933.
Woodwards, E. L. (1963). Three Studies In European Conservatism: Metternich, Guizot, The Catholic Church In The Nineteenth Century. Archon Books. ISBN 9780714615295. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Fawcett 2020, pp. 20–21. Fawcett, Edmund (2020). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17410-5.
Heywood 2017, p. 75. Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
Roger Price (2005). A Concise History of France. Cambridge UP. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-521-84480-2.
Larkin, Maurice (2002). Religion, Politics and Preferment in France since 1890: La Belle Epoque and its Legacy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521522706.
Viereck, Peter (2005). Conservatism Revisited: The Revolt Against Ideology. Transaction Publishers. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-7658-0576-8.
Hauss, Charles (2008). Comparative Politics: Domestic Responses to Global Challenges. Cengage Learning. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-495-50109-1.
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Thomas Jansen; Steven Van Hecke (2011). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 51. ISBN 978-3-642-19414-6.
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Charles Richmond; Paul Smith (1998). The Self-Fashioning of Disraeli, 1818–1851. Cambridge UP. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-521-49729-9.
Auerbach 1959, pp. 39–40. Auerbach, M. Morton (1959). The Conservative Illusion. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-598-37476-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Eccleshall 1990, p. 83 Eccleshall, Robert (1990). English Conservatism since the Restoration: An Introduction and Anthology. Unwin Hyman. ISBN 978-0-04-445346-8.
Eccleshall 1990, p. 90 Eccleshall, Robert (1990). English Conservatism since the Restoration: An Introduction and Anthology. Unwin Hyman. ISBN 978-0-04-445346-8.
Eccleshall 1990, p. 121 Eccleshall, Robert (1990). English Conservatism since the Restoration: An Introduction and Anthology. Unwin Hyman. ISBN 978-0-04-445346-8.
Eccleshall 1990, pp. 6–7 Eccleshall, Robert (1990). English Conservatism since the Restoration: An Introduction and Anthology. Unwin Hyman. ISBN 978-0-04-445346-8.
McLean & McMillan 2009, p. 364. McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009). Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199207800.
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Valdes, Juan Gabriel (August 17, 1995). Pinochet's Economists: The Chicago School of Economics in Chile. Cambridge University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-521-45146-8.
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(Schneider 2009, pp. 4–9, 136): "The label (conservatism) is in frequent use and has come to stand for a skepticism, at times an outright hostility, toward government social policies; a muscular foreign policy combined with a patriotic nationalism; a defense of traditional Christian religious values; and support for the free market economic system." Schneider, Gregory (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742542846.
Schneider 2009, p. xii. Schneider, Gregory (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742542846.
Cal Jillson (February 22, 2011). Texas Politics: Governing the Lone Star State. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-82941-7. Retrieved January 19, 2012. Social conservatives focus on moral or values issues, such as abortion, marriage, school prayer, and judicial appointments.
Frohnen 2006, pp. ix–xiv. Frohnen, Bruce; et al. (2006). American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. ISI Books. ISBN 978-1-932236-43-9.
Michael Foley (2007). American credo: the place of ideas in US politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-152833-0. Retrieved January 18, 2012. Against accusations of being pre-modern or even anti-modern in outlook, paleoconservatives press for restrictions on immigration, a rollback of multicultural programmes, the decentralization of the federal polity, the restoration of controls upon free trade, a greater emphasis upon economic nationalism and isolationism in the conduct of American foreign policy, and a generally revanchist outlook upon a social order in need of recovering old lines of distinction and in particular the assignment of roles in accordance with traditional categories of gender, ethnicity, and race.
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britannica.com

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"Carl Gustaf Mannerheim". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 1, 2025. Carl Gustaf Mannerheim was a Finnish military leader and conservative statesman.
"Miklós Horthy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 1, 2025. Miklós Horthy was a Hungarian naval officer and conservative leader who defeated revolutionary forces in Hungary after World War I and remained the country's head of state until 1944.
"Ronald Reagan." Encyclopædia Britannica. January 22, 2025
"Vladimir Jabotinsky". Encyclopædia Britannica. January 1, 2025. Retrieved January 1, 2025.
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Rosenthal, John. "London of John Constable". Encyclopedia Britannica. An economic depression after the Napoleonic Wars had led to agrarian riots, and yet Constable, a loyal Tory, chose to portray an abstracted, well-ordered English society that was untouched by the industrial and social changes surrounding him.

cambridge.org

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doi.org

Finseraas, Henning (2010). "What if Robin Hood is a social conservative? : How the political response to increasing inequality depends on party polarization". Socio-Economic Review. 8 (2): 283–306. doi:10.1093/ser/mwp012. ISSN 1475-1461.
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