Criticism of the Quran (English Wikipedia)

Ali, Maulana Muhammad; The Religion of Islam (6th Edition), Ch V "Jihad" p. 414 "When shall war cease". Published by The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement [2] Archived 21 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine
Sadr-u-Din, Maulvi. "Quran and War", p. 8. Published by The Muslim Book Society, Lahore, Pakistan. [3] Archived 8 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Article on Jihad Archived 29 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine by Dr. G. W. Leitner (founder of The Oriental Institute, UK) published in Asiatic Quarterly Review, 1886. ("jihad, even when explained as a righteous effort of waging war in self-defense against the grossest outrage on one's religion, is strictly limited..")
The Quranic Commandments Regarding War/Jihad Archived 26 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine An English rendering of an Urdu article appearing in Basharat-e-Ahmadiyya Vol. I, pp. 228–32, by Dr. Basharat Ahmad; published by the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam
Ali, Maulana Muhammad; The Religion of Islam (6th Edition), Ch V "Jihad" pp. 411–13. Published by The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement [4] Archived 21 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine

abuaminaelias.com

Abu Amina Elias (10 December 2014). "NOBLE QURAN القرآن الكريم Abrogation and specification in the Quran". Faith in Allah. Retrieved 9 July 2018.

academia.edu

Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). "ThE QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED)CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE". Zygon. 43 (2): 411+. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x. ISSN 0591-2385. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). "The QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED) CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE". Zygon. 43 (2): 414. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x. ISSN 0591-2385. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
Buck, Christopher (July–October 1984). "The identity of the Ṣābiʼūn". Muslim World. LXXIV (3–4): 172+. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1984.tb03453.x. ISSN 0027-4909. Retrieved 2 October 2019.

al-quran.info

"Surat An-Nisa' 4:34] – The Noble Qur'an – القرآن الكريم". al-quran.info/#4:34. Retrieved 13 August 2012.

albalaghbooks.com

"THE QUR'AN, ORIENTALISM, AND THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE QUR'AN". albalaghbooks.com. Retrieved 3 April 2019.

alislam.org

Ayaz, Iftikhar Ahmad (31 August 2013). "Response to Criticism on the Holy Quran" (PDF). Al-Islam. Retrieved 8 April 2019.

almuslih.org

Crone, Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, 1987: p.191-2, note 104 Crone, Patricia (1987). Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (PDF). Princeton University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
Burton, Islamic Theories of Abrogation, 1990: p.30 Burton, John (1990). The Sources of Islamic Law: Islamic Theories of Abrogation (PDF). Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0108-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
Mustafa, 1, 110 cited in Burton, Islamic Theories of Abrogation, 1990: p.30 Burton, John (1990). The Sources of Islamic Law: Islamic Theories of Abrogation (PDF). Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0108-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

amazon.com

"261 results for "quran keychain"". Amazon. Retrieved 8 April 2019.

americaoutloud.com

Wilson, Faye (22 January 2018). "Foreign Words in the Quran". America Out Loud. Retrieved 12 April 2019.

answering-islam.org

Shamoun, Sam. "The Perspicuity of the Quran and It's Mysterious Letters". Retrieved 9 April 2019.

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Hitti, Philip K. "The First Book". aramco world. Retrieved 8 April 2019.

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Gibb, Mohammedanism, 1953: p.47 Gibb, H.A.R. (1953) [1949]. Mohammedanism : An Historical Survey (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Böwering, "Recent Research on the Construction of the Quran", 2008: p.71 Böwering, Gerhard (2008). "Recent Research on the Construction of the Quran". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.). The Quran in its Historical Context. Routledge. pp. 70-87.
Böwering, "Recent Research on the Construction of the Quran", 2008: p.74 Böwering, Gerhard (2008). "Recent Research on the Construction of the Quran". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.). The Quran in its Historical Context. Routledge. pp. 70-87.
Gibb, Mohammedanism, 1953: p.39 Gibb, H.A.R. (1953) [1949]. Mohammedanism : An Historical Survey (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad (1955). Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah – The Life of Muhammad Translated by A. Guillaume. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 165. ISBN 9780196360331.
Watt, W. Montgomery (1961). Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-19-881078-4.
Harris, Sam (2005). The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. W. W. Norton; Reprint edition. pp. 31, 149. ISBN 0-393-32765-5.
Bonner, Michael David (2006). Jihad in Islamic history: doctrines and practice. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-691-12574-0.
Nigosian, S. A. (2004). Islam: its history, teaching, and practices. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21627-3.

baltimorechronicle.com

Liaquat Ali Khan. "Hagarism: The Story of a Book Written by Infidels for Infidels". Retrieved 9 June 2006.

bbc.co.uk

"Birmingham's ancient Koran history revealed". BBC. 23 December 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2016.

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Hertzenberg, Stephanie. "Are Islam and Evolution Compatible?". Belief.net. Retrieved 15 November 2023.

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Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.127 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2008) [1987]. "1. Quran as the Foundation of Islamic Spirituality (notes)". Islamic Spirituality: Foundations. Routledge. ISBN 13-978-0-415-44262-6. Retrieved 29 November 2019. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
Ann K.S. Lambton (1956). Islam and Russia. p. 46. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
Dundes, Fables of the Ancients?, 2003: p.16 Dundes, Alan (2003). Fables of the Ancients?: Folklore in the Qur'an. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780585466774. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Dundes, Fables of the Ancients?, 2003: p.13 Dundes, Alan (2003). Fables of the Ancients?: Folklore in the Qur'an. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780585466774. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Dundes, Fables of the Ancients?, 2003: p.11-12 Dundes, Alan (2003). Fables of the Ancients?: Folklore in the Qur'an. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780585466774. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Lewis, Bernard (1984). "Notes to Chapter 1". The Jews of Islam. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 194. ISBN 1-400810-23X. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
Bat Yeʼor (1985). "Preface by Jacque Ellul". The Dhimmi:Jews and Christians Under Islam. New Jersey: Associated University Presse. p. 27. ISBN 0-8386-3262-9. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
Bucaille, Dr. Maurice (1977). The Bible, the Quran, and Science: The Holy Scriptures Examined in the Light of Modern Knowledge. TTQ, INC.f. p. 268. ISBN 978-1-879402-98-0.^{[permanent dead link]}
Shady Hekmat Nasser, Ibn Mujahid and the Canonization of the Seven Readings, p. 129. Taken from The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an: The Problem of Tawaatur and the Emergence of Shawaadhdh. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2012. ISBN 9789004240810
Cook, The Koran, 2000: pp. 72. Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
While the difference cannot always be rendered with screen fonts, in order to comply with the Uthmanic rasm, the readings of Warsh an Nafi and of Abu 'Amr were written using a superscript ya over the alif, or by a red line between the lam-alif and ha to indicate that hamza should not be pronounced, or by writing a ya in coloured ink. See the discussions in Puin, Gerd, R. (2011). "Vowel letters and orth-epic writing in the Qur'an". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.). New Perspectives on the Qur'an: The Qur'an in Its Historical Context 2. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 9781136700781.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) and p.15 in Dutton, Yasin (2000). "Red Dots, Green Dots, Yellow Dots and Blue: Some Reflections on the Vocalisation of Early Qur'anic Manuscripts (Part II)". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 2 (1): 1–24. doi:10.3366/jqs.2000.2.1.1. JSTOR 25727969. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
Dundes, Fables of the Ancients?, 2003: p.45-46 Dundes, Alan (2003). Fables of the Ancients?: Folklore in the Qur'an. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780585466774. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.135 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Hollenberg, David; Rauch, Christoph; Schmidtke, Sabine (20 May 2015). The Yemeni Manuscript Tradition. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-28976-5.
Christoph Luxenberg The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran. Verlag Hans Schiler, 2007 ISBN 978-3-899-30088-8 p.31.
Bell's introduction to the Qurʼān. By Richard Bell, William Montgomery Watt, p. 51: Google preview
Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 112–113. ISBN 0192853449.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.42 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Stroumsa, Sarah (1999). Freethinkers of medieval Islam: Ibn al-Rawāndī, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī and their Impact on Islamic Thought. Brill. p. 103. ISBN 9004113746. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
Dundes, Fables of the Ancients?, 2003: p.8 Dundes, Alan (2003). Fables of the Ancients?: Folklore in the Qur'an. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780585466774. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.138 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.139 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Dundes, Fables of the Ancients?, 2003: p.47 Dundes, Alan (2003). Fables of the Ancients?: Folklore in the Qur'an. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780585466774. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
Nöldeke in Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, 9th edn. Vol.16, pp.623
Ltd, Hymns Ancient Modern (May 1996). Third Way (magazine). p. 18.
Bat Yeʼor (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 309. ISBN 9780838639429.
Keeler, Annabel (2005), "Moses from a Muslim Perspective", in Solomon, Norman; Harries, Richard; Winter, Tim (eds.), Abraham's Children: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conversation, T&T Clark, pp. 55–66, ISBN 978-0-567-08171-1
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.141 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Jews of Islam, Bernard Lewis, p. 70: Google Preview
Studies in Islamic History and Civilization, Moshe Sharon, p. 347: Google Preview
Leirvik , Images of Jesus Christ in Islam, 2010: p.33-66 Leirvik, Oddbjørn (27 May 2010). Images of Jesus Christ in Islam (2nd ed.). New York: Bloomsbury Academic; 2nd edition. pp. 33–66. ISBN 978-1441181602.
Holland, In the Shadow of the Sword, 2012: p.317 Holland, Tom (2012). In the Shadow of the Sword. UK: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-53135-1. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
Holland, In the Shadow of the Sword, 2012: p.226 Holland, Tom (2012). In the Shadow of the Sword. UK: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-53135-1. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
Holland, In the Shadow of the Sword, 2012: p.316-7 Holland, Tom (2012). In the Shadow of the Sword. UK: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-53135-1. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
Lawson, Todd (1 March 2009). The Crucifixion and the Quran: A Study in the History of Muslim Thought. Oneworld Publications. p. 12. ISBN 978-1851686353.
Block, Corrie (8 October 2013). The Qur'an in Christian-Muslim Dialogue: Historical and Modern Interpretations. Routledge. p. 186. ISBN 9781135014056.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.140 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Burton, John (1979). The Collection of the Quran. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 0521214394.
Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.30 Cook, Michael (2000). The Koran : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192853449.
Alexis de Tocqueville; Olivier Zunz, Alan S. Kahan (2002). [1] The Tocqueville Reader. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 063121545X. OCLC 49225552. p.229.
Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (1 January 2003). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Rowman Altamira. p. 429. ISBN 9780759101906.

brillonline.nl

Ahmed, Shahab (2008), "Satanic Verses", in Dammen McAuliffe, Jane (ed.), Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, Georgetown University, Washington DC: Brill (published 14 August 2008)^{[permanent dead link]}

call-to-monotheism.com

Al 'Adl, Ansar. "The Qur'an's Pure Arabic and the Presence of Foreign Words". call to monotheism. Retrieved 11 April 2019.

cambridge.org

Conrad, Lawrence (June 1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: Some Observations Apropos of Chronology and Literary topoi in the Early Arabic Historical Tradition". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 239. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. S2CID 162350288. Retrieved 29 October 2020.

carm.org

Differences between the Bible and the Qur'an by Matt Slick |carm.org |12/12/08

dailysabah.com

"Oldest Quran still a matter of controversy". Daily Sabah. 27 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.

dnd.nl

"Hirsi Ali on Film over Position of Women in Koran". Archived from the original on 20 March 2012.

doi.org

Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur’an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur’an", GJAT, 7, 2017: p.69 Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474.
Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). "ThE QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED)CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE". Zygon. 43 (2): 411+. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x. ISSN 0591-2385. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). "The QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED) CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE". Zygon. 43 (2): 414. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x. ISSN 0591-2385. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur’an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur’an", GJAT, 7, 2017: p.70 Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474.
Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 111. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.
Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the Ten Readings to One Another". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 10 (2): 73–87. doi:10.3366/E1465359109000424. JSTOR 25728289. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
While the difference cannot always be rendered with screen fonts, in order to comply with the Uthmanic rasm, the readings of Warsh an Nafi and of Abu 'Amr were written using a superscript ya over the alif, or by a red line between the lam-alif and ha to indicate that hamza should not be pronounced, or by writing a ya in coloured ink. See the discussions in Puin, Gerd, R. (2011). "Vowel letters and orth-epic writing in the Qur'an". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.). New Perspectives on the Qur'an: The Qur'an in Its Historical Context 2. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 9781136700781.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) and p.15 in Dutton, Yasin (2000). "Red Dots, Green Dots, Yellow Dots and Blue: Some Reflections on the Vocalisation of Early Qur'anic Manuscripts (Part II)". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 2 (1): 1–24. doi:10.3366/jqs.2000.2.1.1. JSTOR 25727969. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
Conrad, Lawrence (June 1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: Some Observations Apropos of Chronology and Literary topoi in the Early Arabic Historical Tradition". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 239. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. S2CID 162350288. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
Sadeghi & Goudarzi 2012, p. 26. Sadeghi, Behnam; Goudarzi, Mohsen (2012). "Ṣan'ā' 1 and the Origins of the Qur'ān". Der Islam. 87 (1–2). Berlin: De Gruyter: 1–129. doi:10.1515/islam-2011-0025. S2CID 164120434.
Sadeghi & Goudarzi 2012, p. 23. Sadeghi, Behnam; Goudarzi, Mohsen (2012). "Ṣan'ā' 1 and the Origins of the Qur'ān". Der Islam. 87 (1–2). Berlin: De Gruyter: 1–129. doi:10.1515/islam-2011-0025. S2CID 164120434.
Sadeghi & Goudarzi 2012, p. 20. Sadeghi, Behnam; Goudarzi, Mohsen (2012). "Ṣan'ā' 1 and the Origins of the Qur'ān". Der Islam. 87 (1–2). Berlin: De Gruyter: 1–129. doi:10.1515/islam-2011-0025. S2CID 164120434.
Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an", GJAT, 7, 2017: p.65-6 Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474.
Buck, Christopher (July–October 1984). "The identity of the Ṣābiʼūn". Muslim World. LXXIV (3–4): 172+. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1984.tb03453.x. ISSN 0027-4909. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an", GJAT, 7, 2017: p.67 Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474.
Powers, David S. (September 1982). "On the Abrogation of the Bequest Verses". Arabica. 29 (3): 246–295. doi:10.1163/157005882X00301. JSTOR 4056186.
Hameed, Salman (12 December 2008). "Bracing for Islamic Creationism". Science. 322 (5908): 1637–1638. doi:10.1126/science.1163672. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19074331. S2CID 206515329.

evolbiol.ru

Hitchens, Christopher (2007). god is not great (PDF) (pdf ed.). p. 48. Retrieved 9 October 2019.

gjat.my

Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur’an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur’an", GJAT, 7, 2017: p.69 Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474.
Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur’an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur’an", GJAT, 7, 2017: p.70 Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474.
Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an", GJAT, 7, 2017: p.65-6 Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474.
Abdul-Rahim, "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an", GJAT, 7, 2017: p.67 Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 111. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.

huffingtonpost.com

Lumbard, Joseph. "New Light on the History of the Quranic Text?". HuffPost. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
Harris makes a similar argument about hadith, saying "[a]ccording to a literalist reading of the hadith (the literature that recounts the sayings and the actions of the Prophet) if a Muslim decides that he no longer wants to be a Muslim, he should be put to death. If anyone ventures the opinion that the Koran is a mediocre book of religious fiction or that Muhammad was a schizophrenic, he should also be killed. It should go without saying that a desire to kill people for imaginary crimes like apostasy and blasphemy is not an expression of religious moderation." "Who Are the Moderate Muslims?," The Huffington Post, 16 February 2006 (accessed 16 November 2013)

iranicaonline.org

"Manicheism v. Missionary Activity & Technique". That Manicheism went further on to the Arabian peninsula, up to the Hejaz and Mecca, where it could have possibly contributed to the formation of the doctrine of Islam, cannot be proven. A detailed description of Manichean traces in the Arabian-speaking regions is given by Tardieu (1994).

irebd.com

"Quran Surah Al-Hijr ( Verse 87 ) with English Translation وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنَ الْعَظِيمَ". IReBD.com.

islamic-awareness.org

Robinson, Neal (1996). ""The Dynamics Of The Qur'ānic Discourse"". Sudden Changes In Person & Number: Neal Robinson On Iltifāt. SCM Press Ltd. pp. 245–252. Retrieved 14 March 2021.

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M. al Selek, ed. (1993). The Major Sins : Arabic Text and English Translation of "Al Kaba'ir" (Muhammad Bin Uthman Adh Dhahabi). Translated by Mohammad Moinuddin Siddiqui. Kazi Publications. ISBN 1-56744-489-X. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

islamicfinder.org

"Articles and FAQs about Islam, Muslims, Allah, Muhammad, Quran, Hadith, Woman, Fiqh and Fatwa". Islamicfinder.org. Retrieved 11 June 2013.

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Ahmad Shafaat, Tafseer of Surah an-Nisa, Ayah 34 Archived 27 March 2002 at the Wayback Machine, Islamic Perspectives. 10 August 2005

islamonline.net

Ahmed K. Sultan Salem Evolution in the Light of Islam
Yusuf al-Qaradawi, head of the European Council for Fatwa and Research, says that "If the husband senses that feelings of disobedience and rebelliousness are rising against him in his wife, he should try his best to rectify her attitude by kind words, gentle persuasion, and reasoning with her. If this is not helpful, he should sleep apart from her, trying to awaken her agreeable feminine nature so that serenity may be restored, and she may respond to him in a harmonious fashion. If this approach fails, it is permissible for him to beat her lightly with his hands, avoiding her face and other sensitive parts."Islam Online - Services (Fatwa)". Archived from the original on 4 April 2005. Retrieved 5 June 2007.."Islam Online - Services (Fatwa)". Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2005. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
Yusuf al-Qaradawi, head of the European Council for Fatwa and Research, says that "It is permissible for him to beat her lightly with his hands, avoiding her face and other sensitive parts. In no case should he resort to using a stick or any other instrument that might cause pain and injury.""Islam Online - Services (Fatwa)". Archived from the original on 4 April 2005. Retrieved 5 June 2007."Islam Online - Services (Fatwa)". Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2005. Retrieved 5 June 2007.

islamqa.info

Salih Al-Munajjid, Muhammed (25 May 1998). "Corruption of the Tawraat (Torah) and Injeel (Gospel)". Islam Question & Answer. Retrieved 10 April 2019.

jannah.org

"The Major Sins: Al-Kaba'r". Jannah.org.

jewishencyclopedia.com

Bible in Mohammedian Literature., by Kaufmann Kohler Duncan B. McDonald, Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22 April 2006.
"Koran". From the Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 January 2008.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

"Muslim Clerics - Jews Are the Descendants of Apes, Pigs, And Other Animals". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.

jstor.org

Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 111. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.
Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the Ten Readings to One Another". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 10 (2): 73–87. doi:10.3366/E1465359109000424. JSTOR 25728289. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
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(umm al-kitab','43:4 and 13:3), also “well-guarded tablet” (lawh mahfuz verse 85:22) and “concealed book” (kitab maknun 56:78)
11:1, 6:114, 16:89, 41:3. Though they also state that some verses are not entirely clear and that "none knows its hidden meanings save Allah".(Q.3:7)
Quran 16:101–103 ^(Pickthall)
24:2
Quran 2:113
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