Cyberwarfare (English Wikipedia)

Fulghum, David A. "Why Syria's Air Defenses Failed to Detect Israelis", Aviation Week & Space Technology, 3 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
Fulghum, David A. "Israel used electronic attack in air strike against Syrian mystery target Archived 21 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine", Aviation Week & Space Technology, 8 October 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2007.

axios.com

"Marriott cyberattack traced to Chinese hackers". Axios. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.

axisglobe.com

"www.axisglobe.com". Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.

azerbaycan24.com

"Azerbaijani hackers broke into over 90 armenian websites – VIDEO". Azerbaycan24. 27 September 2020.

balkaneu.com

Michalis Michael, Major and successful hackers' attack in Cyprus Archived 29 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, BalkanEU (2019).

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Shiels, Maggie. (9 April 2009) BBC: Spies 'infiltrate US power grid'. BBC News. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Sudworth, John. (9 July 2009) "New cyberattacks hit South Korea". BBC News. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Boyd, Clark. (17 June 2010) "Cyber-war a growing threat warn experts". BBC News. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

bbc.co.uk

"Shamoon virus targets energy sector infrastructure". BBC News. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.

bbc.com

"US 'launched cyber-attack on Iran weapons systems'". BBC News. 23 June 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
"Russian military admits significant cyber-war effort". bbc.com. 21 February 2017.
Giles, Christopher (26 October 2020). "Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri 'information wars'". BBC.
"North Korea 'stole $2bn via cyber-attacks'". 7 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
"Ukraine crisis: 'Wiper' discovered in latest cyber-attacks". BBC News. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.

berkeley.edu

scholarship.law.berkeley.edu

Scott J. Shackelford, From Nuclear War to Net War: Analogizing Cyber Attacks in International Law, 27 Berkeley J. Int'l Law. 192 (2009).

bipartisanpolicy.org

Cyber ShockWave Shows U.S. Unprepared For Cyber Threats Archived 19 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Bipartisanpolicy.org. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

blackhat.com

Kubecka, Christina (29 December 2015). "How to Implement IT Security after a Cyber Meltdown" (PDF). Retrieved 3 November 2017. (Video on YouTube-archive)

bond.edu.au

epublications.bond.edu.au

"How China will use cyber warfare to leapfrog in military competitiveness". Culture Mandala: The Bulletin of the Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies. Vol. 8, no. 1 October 2008. p. 42. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
"How China will use cyber warfare to leapfrog in military competitiveness". Culture Mandala: The Bulletin of the Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies. Vol. 8, no. 1 October 2008. p. 43. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2013.

books.google.com

Kello, Lucas (2022). Striking Back: The End of Peace in Cyberspace and How to Restore It. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-300-24668-1.
Hofkirchner, Wolfgang; Burgin, Mark (24 January 2017). The Future Information Society: Social and Technological Problems. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-310-898-1. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
Grady, Mark F.; Parisi, Francesco (28 November 2005). The Law and Economics of Cybersecurity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-44696-9. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
Ramsbotham, Oliver; Miall, Hugh; Woodhouse, Tom (11 April 2011). Contemporary Conflict Resolution. Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-4974-0. Retrieved 22 May 2017.

bostonherald.com

Associated Press (11 May 2009) FBI to station cybercrime expert in Estonia. Boston Herald. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

bostonreview.net

Lisa Lucile Owens, Justice and Warfare in Cyberspace, The Boston Review (2015), available at [1]

broadcom.com

community.broadcom.com

"The Shamoon Attacks". Symantec. 16 August 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.

businessinsider.com

"U.S. NSA Unit 'TAO' Hacking China For Years". Business Insider. 11 June 2013

careersinthemilitary.com

"Careers in the Military". www.careersinthemilitary.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

cbsnews.com

"U.S. imposes sanctions on Russia over election interference". CBS News. 29 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
"WikiLeaks posts trove of CIA documents detailing mass hacking". CBS News. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
"White House Eyes Cyber Security Plan". CBS News (10 February 2009). Retrieved 8 November 2011.

ccdcoe.org

"Locked Shields". ccdcoe.org. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
"CCDCOE". ccdcoe.org. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
CCD COE – Cyber Defence Archived 31 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Ccdcoe.org. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

cisa.gov

us-cert.cisa.gov

"Understanding Denial-of-Service Attacks | CISA". us-cert.cisa.gov. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

cnn.com

Liptak, Kevin (4 June 2015). "U.S. government hacked; feds think China is the culprit". CNN. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
Meserve, Jeanne (8 April 2009). "Hackers reportedly have embedded code in power grid". CNN. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

money.cnn.com

"Jose Pagliery:The inside story of the biggest hack in history". CNN Money. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
"Jose Pagliery: The inside story of the biggest hack in history". 5 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2012.

edition.cnn.com

"U.S. gov't hack may be four (4) times larger than first reported". 22 June 2015.

commandfive.com

"SK Hack by an Advanced Persistent Threat" (PDF). Command Five Pty Ltd. Retrieved 24 September 2011.

computerworld.com

blogs.computerworld.com

Cyber ShockWave CNN/BPC wargame: was it a failure? Archived 23 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Computerworld (17 February 2010). Retrieved 8 November 2011.

computerworld.com

"Secret NSA hackers from TAO Office have been pwning China for nearly 15 years". Computerworld. 11 June 2013.

computing.co.uk

"Vault 7: Wikileaks reveals details of CIA's hacks of Android, iPhone Windows, Linux, MacOS, and even Samsung TVs Archived 12 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine". Computing. 7 March 2017.

congress.gov

Ratcliffe, John (18 May 2016). "Text – H.R.5222 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): Iran Cyber Sanctions Act of 2016". United States Congress. Retrieved 19 June 2021.

covertress.blogspot.com

Arquilla, John (27 July 2009). "Click, click... counting down to cyber 9/11". SFGate. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2019. (Link at SFGate)

crowdstrike.com

"Danger Close: Fancy Bear Tracking of Ukrainian Field Artillery Units". CrowdStrike. 22 December 2016.

csis.org

"A Note on the Laws of War in Cyberspace" Archived 7 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, James A. Lewis, April 2010

csmonitor.com

Estonia accuses Russia of 'cyber attack'. The Christian Science Monitor. (17 May 2007). Retrieved 8 November 2011.
"Al Qaeda rocked by apparent cyberattack. But who did it?". The Chris Science Monitor. 4 April 2012.

cyber.uk

"Financially Motivated Threats – cyber.uk". cyber.uk. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

cyberpeaceinstitute.org

"What are the challenges of cybersecurity in times of peace and war?". CyberPeace Institute. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

defense.gov

American Forces Press Service: Lynn Explains U.S. Cybersecurity Strategy. Defense.gov. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

defensie.nl

"Defensie Cyber Strategie". Retrieved 11 August 2020.
"Cyber commando". 29 March 2017.

dhs.gov

"Joint Statement from the Department of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence on Election Security". Department of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence on Election Security. 7 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.

digitaljournal.com

"Shamoon virus attacks Saudi oil company". Digital Journal. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.

doi.org

Robinson, Michael; Jones, Kevin; Helge, Janicke (2015). "Cyber Warfare Issues and Challenges". Computers and Security. 49: 70–94. doi:10.1016/j.cose.2014.11.007. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
Arquilla, John (1999). "Can information warfare ever be just?". Ethics and Information Technology. 1 (3): 203–212. doi:10.1023/A:1010066528521. S2CID 29263858.
Parks, Raymond C.; Duggan, David P. (September 2011). "Principles of Cyberwarfare". IEEE Security Privacy. 9 (5): 30–35. doi:10.1109/MSP.2011.138. ISSN 1558-4046. S2CID 17374534.
Deibert, Ron (2011). "Tracking the emerging arms race in cyberspace". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 67 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1177/0096340210393703. S2CID 218770788.
Gross, Michael L.; Canetti, Daphna; Vashdi, Dana R. (2016). "The psychological effects of cyber terrorism". The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 72 (5): 284–291. Bibcode:2016BuAtS..72e.284G. doi:10.1080/00963402.2016.1216502. ISSN 0096-3402. PMC 5370589. PMID 28366962.
Buchan, Russell (2012). "Cyber Attacks: Unlawful Uses of Force or Prohibited Interventions?". Journal of Conflict and Security Law. 17 (2): 211–227. doi:10.1093/jcsl/krs014. ISSN 1467-7954. JSTOR 26296227.
Cowen, Tyler (2006). "Terrorism as Theater: Analysis and Policy Implications". Public Choice. 128 (1/2): 233–244. doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9051-y. ISSN 0048-5829. JSTOR 30026642. S2CID 155001568.
Pedersen, Frederik A H; Jacobsen, Jeppe T (2024). "Narrow windows of opportunity: the limited utility of cyber operations in war". Journal of Cybersecurity. 10 (1). doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyae014. ISSN 2057-2085.
Kenney, Michael (2015). "Cyber-Terrorism in a Post-Stuxnet World". Orbis. 59 (1): 111–128. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2014.11.009.
Poornima, B. (August 2022). "Cyber Threats and Nuclear Security in India". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 9 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1177/23477970221099748. ISSN 2347-7970. S2CID 249831452.
Denning, Dorothy E. (16 July 2012). "Stuxnet: What Has Changed?". Future Internet. 4 (3): 672–687. doi:10.3390/fi4030672. hdl:10945/37176.
Onder, Mehmet (2020). "Regime Type, Issue Type and Economic Sanctions: The Role of Domestic Players". Economies. 8 (1): 2. doi:10.3390/economies8010002. hdl:10419/257052.
Onder, Mehmet (2021). "Economic sanctions outcomes: An information-driven explanation" (PDF). Journal of International Studies. 14 (2): 38–57. doi:10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-2/3. S2CID 244621961.
Akatyev, Nikolay; James, Joshua (2015). "Cyber Peacekeeping". Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Vol. 157. pp. 126–139. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25512-5_10. ISBN 978-3-319-25511-8.
Rid, Thomas (2012). "Cyber War Will Not Take Place". Journal of Strategic Studies. 35 (1): 5–32. doi:10.1080/01402390.2011.608939. S2CID 153828543.

dw.com

"US expels 35 Russian diplomats, closes two compounds: report". DW.COM. 29 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016.

echoradar.eu

"Terre, Air, Mer, Cyber ? La 4ème armée entre coup de com et réalités". 13 October 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2018.

economist.com

"The Politics of Cyberspace: Grasping the Danger". The Economist. London. 26 August 2017.
"War in the fifth domain. Are the mouse and keyboard the new weapons of conflict?". The Economist. 1 July 2010. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
"Cyberwar: War in the Fifth Domain" Economist, 1 July 2010

f-secure.com

"White paper" (PDF). f-secure.com.

fireeye.com

"Advanced Persistent Threat Groups". FireEye. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

firstlook.org

Devereaux, Ryan; Greenwald, Glenn; Poitras, Laura (19 May 2014). "Data Pirates of the Caribbean: The NSA Is Recording Every Cell Phone Call in the Bahamas". The Intercept. First Look Media. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.

flashcritic.com

"Iran's military is preparing for cyber warfare". Flash//CRITIC Cyber Threat News. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2015.

forbes.com

O'Flaherty, Kate. "Marriott Breach – What Happened, How Serious Is It And Who Is Impacted?". Forbes. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
Kaspersky, Eugene. "A Digital Geneva Convention? A Great Idea". Forbes. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

foreignaffairs.com

Lynn, William J. III. "Defending a New Domain: The Pentagon's Cyberstrategy", Foreign Affairs, Sept/Oct. 2010, pp. 97–108

foreignpolicy.com

"China's Hacker Army". Foreign Policy. 3 March 2010.
"The Ethiopian-Egyptian Water War Has Begun". Foreign Policy. 22 September 2020.
Reed, John. "Is the 'holy grail' of cyber security within reach?". Foreign Policy Magazine, 6 September 2012.

franceculture.fr

"Vers une cyber-armée française ?". France Culture. 29 January 2013.

gchq.gov.uk

"GCHQ". www.gchq.gov.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

ghostarchive.org

"28c3: Security Log Visualization with a Correlation Engine". YouTube. 29 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
Mazzetti, Mark; Goldman, Adam (14 September 2021). "Ex-U.S. Intelligence Officers Admit to Hacking Crimes in Work for Emiratis". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.

globalpost.com

Lee, Se Young (20 March 2013). "South Korea raises alert after hackers attack broadcasters, banks". Global Post. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

ABC News: Video. ABC News. (20 April 2009). Retrieved 8 November 2011.

google.com

"AP: Pentagon takes aim at China cyber threat". Archived from the original on 23 August 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2020.

gpo.gov

"Presidential approval and reporting of covert actions". gpo.gov. United States Code. Retrieved 16 October 2016.

gsxt.gov.cn

"National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System". GSXT. Retrieved 16 September 2020.^{[dead link]}

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Denning, Dorothy E. (16 July 2012). "Stuxnet: What Has Changed?". Future Internet. 4 (3): 672–687. doi:10.3390/fi4030672. hdl:10945/37176.
Onder, Mehmet (2020). "Regime Type, Issue Type and Economic Sanctions: The Role of Domestic Players". Economies. 8 (1): 2. doi:10.3390/economies8010002. hdl:10419/257052.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Gross, Michael L.; Canetti, Daphna; Vashdi, Dana R. (2016). "The psychological effects of cyber terrorism". The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 72 (5): 284–291. Bibcode:2016BuAtS..72e.284G. doi:10.1080/00963402.2016.1216502. ISSN 0096-3402. PMC 5370589. PMID 28366962.

hometownannapolis.com

"Clarke: More defense needed in cyberspace" Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine HometownAnnapolis.com, 24 September 2010

ibtimes.co.uk

Murdock, Jason (7 March 2017). "Vault 7: CIA hacking tools were used to spy on iOS, Android and Samsung smart TVs". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 8 April 2017.

icrc.org

"What limits does the law of war impose on cyber attacks?". International Committee of the Red Cross. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

ieee.org

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Parks, Raymond C.; Duggan, David P. (September 2011). "Principles of Cyberwarfare". IEEE Security Privacy. 9 (5): 30–35. doi:10.1109/MSP.2011.138. ISSN 1558-4046. S2CID 17374534.
Taddeo, Mariarosaria (19 July 2012). An analysis for a just cyber warfare. International Conference on Cyber Conflict (ICCC). Estonia: IEEE.

independent.co.uk

"Marriott hotel cyber attack linked to Chinese spy agency". The Independent. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"5 lakh cyber warriors to bolster India's e-defence". The Times of India. India. 16 October 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
Pandit, Rajat (16 May 2019). "Agencies take shape for special operations, space, cyber war | India News – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 July 2019.

inform.kz

"Germany to invest 100 million euros on internet surveillance: report" Archived 1 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Kazinform, 18 June 2013

informationweek.com

Senators Say Cybersecurity Bill Has No 'Kill Switch' Archived 21 September 2012 at archive.today, Information Week, 24 June 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
Schwartz, Mathew J. (21 November 2011). "Hacker Apparently Triggers Illinois Water Pump Burnout". InformationWeek. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2011.

interfax.com.ua

en.interfax.com.ua

Defense ministry denies reports of alleged artillery losses because of Russian hackers' break into software, Interfax-Ukraine (6 January 2017)

intoday.in

businesstoday.intoday.in

"Beware of the bugs: Can cyber attacks on India's critical infrastructure be thwarted?". BusinessToday. Retrieved 15 January 2013.

jinfowar.com

"Implications of Privacy & Security Research for the Upcoming Battlefield of Things". Journal of Information Warfare. 17 (4). 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2019.

jois.eu

Onder, Mehmet (2021). "Economic sanctions outcomes: An information-driven explanation" (PDF). Journal of International Studies. 14 (2): 38–57. doi:10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-2/3. S2CID 244621961.

jpi.or.kr

Lee, Andy (1 May 2012). "International Cyber Warfare: Limitations and Possibilities". Archived 27 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Jeju Peace Institute.

jstor.org

Smith, Troy E. (2013). "Cyber Warfare: A Misrepresentation of the True Cyber Threat". American Intelligence Journal. 31 (1): 82–85. ISSN 0883-072X. JSTOR 26202046.
Buchan, Russell (2012). "Cyber Attacks: Unlawful Uses of Force or Prohibited Interventions?". Journal of Conflict and Security Law. 17 (2): 211–227. doi:10.1093/jcsl/krs014. ISSN 1467-7954. JSTOR 26296227.
Ajir, Media; Vailliant, Bethany (2018). "Russian Information Warfare: Implications for Deterrence Theory". Strategic Studies Quarterly. 12 (3): 70–89. ISSN 1936-1815. JSTOR 26481910.
Cowen, Tyler (2006). "Terrorism as Theater: Analysis and Policy Implications". Public Choice. 128 (1/2): 233–244. doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9051-y. ISSN 0048-5829. JSTOR 30026642. S2CID 155001568.

kaspersky.com

"Advanced threat actors engaged in cyberespionage in APAC up their game in new campaign". www.kaspersky.com. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

kroll.com

answers.kroll.com

"Starwood Reservation Database Security Incident". answers.kroll.com. Retrieved 12 December 2018.

latimes.com

Drogin, Bob (17 February 2010). "In a doomsday cyber attack scenario, answers are unsettling". Los Angeles Times.

latimesblogs.latimes.com

Hennigan, W.J. "Air Force says drone computer virus poses 'no threat'". Los Angeles Times, 13 October 2011.

lemonde.fr

"L'armée française consolide son commandement cyber". Le Monde. 12 December 2016.

lexology.com

Elhais, Hassan Elhais-Dr Hassan (21 November 2021). "What is the impact of ransomware on financial crime compliance in the UAE?". Lexology. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

mcafee.com

siblog.mcafee.com

"Google Attack Is Tip Of Iceberg", McAfee Security Insights, 13 January 2010

mcafee.com

"Shamoon Attackers Employ New Tool Kit to Wipe Infected Systems". McAfee Blog. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

military.com

"Israel Adds Cyber-Attack to IDF", Military.com, 10 February 2010

nato.int

"Cyberwar – does it exist?". NATO. 13 June 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

ncia.nato.int

"Agency leads NATO team in tough cyber exercise". www.ncia.nato.int. Retrieved 7 August 2019.

navy.com

"Become a Naval Cyber Warfare Engineer (CWE): Navy.com". www.navy.com.

nbcnews.com

"VP Biden Promises Response to Russian Hacking". NBC News Meet the Press. 14 October 2016.

nciipc.gov.in

"National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre". National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre. 8 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

ncsc.nl

"National Cyber Security Centrum – NCSC". 14 May 2013.

ndtv.com

"Hacked by 'Pakistan cyber army', CBI website still not restored". Ndtv.com (4 December 2010). Retrieved 8 November 2011.

ndu.edu

ndupress.ndu.edu

Magee, Clifford S. (Marine Corps Command and Staff College. Quantico VA) (Third Quarter 2013). "Awaiting the Cyber 9/11" (PDF). Joint Force Quarterly (70). NDU Press: 76–82.

networkworld.com

Government-sponsored cyberattacks on the rise, McAfee says Archived 17 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Network World (29 November 2007). Retrieved 8 November 2011.

news.com.au

Graham, Ben (13 September 2020). "Zhenhua Data: 35,000 Aussies being spied on by China as part of 'psychological war'". News.com.au. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.

newstatesman.com

tech.newstatesman.com

"NotPetya: virus behind global attack 'masquerades' as ransomware but could be more dangerous, researchers warn". 28 June 2017. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.

newsweek.com

Schonfeld, Zach (23 May 2014). "The Intercept Wouldn't Reveal a Country the U.S. Is Spying On, So WikiLeaks Did Instead". Newsweek. Retrieved 26 May 2014.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gross, Michael L.; Canetti, Daphna; Vashdi, Dana R. (2016). "The psychological effects of cyber terrorism". The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 72 (5): 284–291. Bibcode:2016BuAtS..72e.284G. doi:10.1080/00963402.2016.1216502. ISSN 0096-3402. PMC 5370589. PMID 28366962.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gross, Michael L.; Canetti, Daphna; Vashdi, Dana R. (2016). "The psychological effects of cyber terrorism". The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 72 (5): 284–291. Bibcode:2016BuAtS..72e.284G. doi:10.1080/00963402.2016.1216502. ISSN 0096-3402. PMC 5370589. PMID 28366962.

nist.gov

"Cybersecurity Framework". NIST. 13 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

npr.org

Sanders, Sam (4 June 2015). "Massive Data Breach Puts 4 Million Federal Employees' Records at Risk". NPR. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
"China to make mastering cyber warfare A priority (2011)". NPR. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
Sanders, Sam (4 June 2015). "Massive Data Breach Puts 4 Million Federal Employees' Records at Risk". NPR.
Gjelten, Tom (23 September 2010). "Seeing The Internet As An 'Information Weapon'". NPR. Retrieved 23 September 2010.

nps.edu

faculty.nps.edu

Denning, D. E. (2008). The ethics of cyber conflict. The Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics. 407–429.

nsiteam.com

Popp, George; Canna, Sarah (Winter 2016). "The Characterization and Conditions of the Gray Zone" (PDF). NSI, Inc. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2021.

nytimes.com

Barnes, Julian E.; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (22 June 2019). "U.S. Carried Out Cyberattacks on Iran". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
"Cyberwarfare". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
Perlroth, Nicole; Scott, Mark; Frenkel, Sheera (27 June 2017). "Cyberattack Hits Ukraine Then Spreads Internationally". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
"Cyber-War Nominee Sees Gaps in Law", The New York Times, 14 April 2010
Sanger, David E.; Perlroth, Nicole; Thrush, Glenn; Rappeport, Alan (11 December 2018). "Marriott Data Breach Is Traced to Chinese Hackers as U.S. Readies Crackdown on Beijing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
David E Sanger Hacked European Cables Reveal a World of Anxiety About Trump, Russia and Iran, New York Times (2018).
"U.S. Says Russia Directed Hacks to Influence Elections". NYT. 7 October 2016.
"Biden Hints at U.S. Response to Russia for Cyberattacks". NYT. 15 October 2016.
Bumiller, Elisabeth; Shanker, Thom (11 October 2012). "Elisabeth Bumiller and Thom Shanker: Panetta Warns of Dire Threat of Cyberattack on U.S." The New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
"Hackers Went After a Now-Disgraced G.O.P. Fund-Raiser. Now He Is After Them". The New York Times. 20 September 2018.
Mazzetti, Mark; Goldman, Adam (14 September 2021). "Ex-U.S. Intelligence Officers Admit to Hacking Crimes in Work for Emiratis". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
"Pentagon to Consider Cyberattacks Acts of War". The New York Times. 31 May 2011
Markoff, John (26 October 2009). "Old Trick Threatens the Newest Weapons (Published 2009)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
Sanger, David E. "Obama Order Sped Up Wave of Cyberattacks Against Iran." The New York Times, 1 June 2012.
Sanger, David E.; Broad, William J. (4 March 2017). "Trump Inherits a Secret Cyberwar Against North Korean Missiles". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Shane, Scott; Mazzetti, Mark; Rosenberg, Matthew (7 March 2017). "WikiLeaks Releases Trove of Alleged C.I.A. Hacking Documents". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 March 2017.

bits.blogs.nytimes.com

"Malware Hits Computerized Industrial Equipment". The New York Times, 24 September 2010

observer.com

Halpern, Micah (22 April 2015). "Iran Flexes Its Power by Transporting Turkey to the Stone Age". Observer.

opensourcepress.de

Gaycken, Sandro (2010). Cyberwar – Das Internet als Kriegsschauplatz.

orfonline.org

"Cyber Mercenaries: The Failures of Current Responses and the Imperative of International Collaboration".

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Pedersen, Frederik A H; Jacobsen, Jeppe T (2024). "Narrow windows of opportunity: the limited utility of cyber operations in war". Journal of Cybersecurity. 10 (1). doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyae014. ISSN 2057-2085.

paconsulting.com

Blitz, James (1 November 2011). "Security: A huge challenge from China, Russia and organised crime". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.

pastebin.com

"Pastie: 'Untitled'". 15 August 2012. Cutting Sword of Justice. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
"Saudi Aramco hug, another one". 29 August 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2017.

pcworld.com

Williams, Martin. UK, Not North Korea, Source of DDOS Attacks, Researcher Says Archived 17 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. PC World.

philpapers.org

Arquilla, John (1999). "Can information warfare ever be just?". Ethics and Information Technology. 1 (3): 203–212. doi:10.1023/A:1010066528521. S2CID 29263858.

politik.org.ua

Український центр політичного менеджменту – Зміст публікації – Конвенция о запрещении использования кибервойны Archived 7 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Politik.org.ua. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

qz.com

Detrixhe, John (7 October 2018). "The UK is practicing cyberattacks that could black out Moscow". Quartz. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
"An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.

researchgate.net

Robinson, Michael; Jones, Kevin; Helge, Janicke (2015). "Cyber Warfare Issues and Challenges". Computers and Security. 49: 70–94. doi:10.1016/j.cose.2014.11.007. Retrieved 7 January 2020.

reuters.com

"North Korea took $2 billion in cyberattacks to fund weapons..." Reuters. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
Finkle, Jim (3 August 2011). "State actor seen in "enormous" range of cyber attacks". Reuters. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
"UK has taken military database offline after hack reports, says minister". Reuters.
Ringstrom, Anna (25 January 2017). Goodman, David (ed.). "Swedish forces exposed to extensive cyber attack: Dagens Nyheter". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017.
"Wall Street banks learn how to survive in staged cyber attack". Reuters. 21 October 2013.
"Inside the UAE's secret hacking team of American mercenaries". Reuters. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
Faulconbridge, Guy (1 June 2023). "Russia says US hacked thousands of Apple phones in spy plot". Reuters.
"'Digital Geneva Convention' needed to deter nation-state hacking: Microsoft president". Reuters. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

in.reuters.com

"US concerned power grid vulnerable to cyber-attack" Archived 30 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine. In.reuters.com (9 April 2009). Retrieved 8 November 2011.

routledge.com

Molfino, Emily (2012). "Viewpoint: Cyberterrorism: Cyber "Pearl Harbor" is Imminent". In Costigan, Sean S.; Perry, Jake (eds.). Cyberspaces and Global Affairs. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4094-2754-4.

rusemb.org.uk

Russian Embassy to the UK [2]. Retrieved 25 May 2012.

rusi.org

Carter, Nicholas (22 January 2018). "Dynamic Security Threats and the British Army". RUSI. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.

sagepub.com

bos.sagepub.com

Deibert, Ron (2011). "Tracking the emerging arms race in cyberspace". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 67 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1177/0096340210393703. S2CID 218770788.

journals.sagepub.com

Poornima, B. (August 2022). "Cyber Threats and Nuclear Security in India". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 9 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1177/23477970221099748. ISSN 2347-7970. S2CID 249831452.

scmagazineus.com

Cyberspace and the changing nature of warfare Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Strategists must be aware that part of every political and military conflict will take place on the internet, says Kenneth Geers.

securelist.com

"APT trends report Q1 2019". securelist.com. 30 April 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Arquilla, John (1999). "Can information warfare ever be just?". Ethics and Information Technology. 1 (3): 203–212. doi:10.1023/A:1010066528521. S2CID 29263858.
Parks, Raymond C.; Duggan, David P. (September 2011). "Principles of Cyberwarfare". IEEE Security Privacy. 9 (5): 30–35. doi:10.1109/MSP.2011.138. ISSN 1558-4046. S2CID 17374534.
Deibert, Ron (2011). "Tracking the emerging arms race in cyberspace". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 67 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1177/0096340210393703. S2CID 218770788.
Cowen, Tyler (2006). "Terrorism as Theater: Analysis and Policy Implications". Public Choice. 128 (1/2): 233–244. doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9051-y. ISSN 0048-5829. JSTOR 30026642. S2CID 155001568.
Poornima, B. (August 2022). "Cyber Threats and Nuclear Security in India". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 9 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1177/23477970221099748. ISSN 2347-7970. S2CID 249831452.
Onder, Mehmet (2021). "Economic sanctions outcomes: An information-driven explanation" (PDF). Journal of International Studies. 14 (2): 38–57. doi:10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-2/3. S2CID 244621961.
Rid, Thomas (2012). "Cyber War Will Not Take Place". Journal of Strategic Studies. 35 (1): 5–32. doi:10.1080/01402390.2011.608939. S2CID 153828543.

senate.gov

hsgac.senate.gov

A Bill. To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and other laws to enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States.. Senate.gov. 111th Congress 2D Session

sfgate.com

Arquilla, John (27 July 2009). "Click, click... counting down to cyber 9/11". SFGate. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2019. (Link at SFGate)

smh.com.au

Sherryn Groch; Felicity Lewis (4 November 2022). "The internet is run under the sea. What if the cables are cut?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
Perlroth, Nicole (12 May 2018). "Without the nuclear deal, Iranian cyber attacks resume". The Sydney Morning Herald.

ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

Lin, Tom C. W. (14 April 2016). "Financial Weapons of War". Minnesota Law Review. 100: 1377–1440. SSRN 2765010.
"Regulating the Use and Conduct of Cyber Operations: Challenges and a Fact-Finding Body Proposal", https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3540615 (2019/2020)

standard.co.uk

"Attack the City: why the banks are 'war gaming'". 13 November 2013.

state.gov

"Cyber Sanctions". United States Department of State. Retrieved 19 June 2021.

techrepublic.com

"NotPetya ransomware outbreak cost Merck more than $300M per quarter". TechRepublic. Retrieved 11 July 2018.

techtarget.com

"Cyber-war gaming: A cybersecurity tabletop exercise". SearchSecurity. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

ted.com

Ralph Langner: Cracking Stuxnet, a 21st-century cyber weapon | Video on Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Ted.com. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

theglobeandmail.com

Britain faces serious cyber threat, spy agency head warns. The Globe and Mail (13 October 2010). Retrieved 8 November 2011.

theguardian.com

Boffey, Daniel (27 June 2019). "EU to run war games to prepare for Russian and Chinese cyber-attacks". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
"US embassy cables: China uses access to Microsoft source code to help plot cyber warfare, US fears". The Guardian. London. 4 December 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
Hurst, Daniel; Kuo, Lily; Graham-McLay, Charlotte (14 September 2020). "Zhenhua Data leak: personal details of millions around world gathered by China tech company". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
Ian Traynor, "Russia accused of unleashing cyberwar to disable Estonia", The Guardian, 17 May 2007

thehackernews.com

Lakshmanan, Ravie (10 March 2022). "Iranian Hackers Targeting Turkey and Arabian Peninsula in New Malware Campaign". thehackernews.

thelocal.de

"Hackers wanted to man front line in cyber war" Archived 29 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Local, 24 March 2013

theregister.co.uk

Pauli, Darren. "Copy paste slacker hackers pop corp locks in ode to stolen code". The Register.
"BlackEnergy malware activity spiked in runup to Ukraine power grid takedown". The Register. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

thetechherald.com

Steve Ragan Report: The Cyber ShockWave event and its aftermath Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. The Tech Herald. 16 February 2010

thetimes.com

Wheeler, Caroline; Shipman, Tim; Hookham, Mark (7 October 2018). "UK war-games cyber attack on Moscow". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0956-1382. Retrieved 8 August 2019.

theverge.com

Liptak, Andrew (5 May 2019). "Israel launched an airstrike in response to a Hamas cyberattack". The Verge. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

threatpost.com

"APT Group 'Patchwork' Cuts-and-Pastes a Potent Attack". Threatpost. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2017.

time.com

world.time.com

Rayman, Noah (18 December 2013). "Merkel Compared NSA To Stasi in Complaint To Obama". Time. Retrieved 1 February 2014.

timesofisrael.com

"Latest viruses could mean 'end of the world as we know it,' says the man who discovered Flame", The Times of Israel, 6 June 2012
"Cyber espionage bug attacking Middle East, but Israel untouched — so far", The Times of Israel, 4 June 2013

treasury.gov

home.treasury.gov

"Sanctions Programs and Country Information". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Retrieved 19 June 2021.

tribune.com.pk

"36 government sites hacked by 'Indian Cyber Army'". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

uc.edu

hoffmacd (18 April 2010). "U.S. Needs New National Strategy in Era of Cyberaggression, UC Paper Concludes". UC News. Retrieved 6 March 2022.

ukdefencejournal.org.uk

Allison, George (11 April 2019). "NATO takes part in international cyber security exercise". UK Defence Journal. Retrieved 7 August 2019.

usatoday.com

usatoday30.usatoday.com

Satter, Raphael. "US general: We hacked the enemy in Afghanistan.". Associated Press, 24 August 2012.

usinenouvelle.com

Nouvelle, L'Usine (13 December 2016). "Pourquoi la France se dote d'une cyber-armée – Défense". Usinenouvelle.com/ – via www.usinenouvelle.com.

usnwc.edu

digital-commons.usnwc.edu

Yuval Shany; Michael N. Schmittwebsite=Naval War College. "An International Attribution Mechanism for Hostile Cyber Operations". Retrieved 1 January 2024.

washingtonpost.com

"Senate Legislation Would Federalize Cybersecurity". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

web.archive.org

Blitz, James (1 November 2011). "Security: A huge challenge from China, Russia and organised crime". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
Popp, George; Canna, Sarah (Winter 2016). "The Characterization and Conditions of the Gray Zone" (PDF). NSI, Inc. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2021.
"A Note on the Laws of War in Cyberspace" Archived 7 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, James A. Lewis, April 2010
Devereaux, Ryan; Greenwald, Glenn; Poitras, Laura (19 May 2014). "Data Pirates of the Caribbean: The NSA Is Recording Every Cell Phone Call in the Bahamas". The Intercept. First Look Media. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
"Clarke: More defense needed in cyberspace" Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine HometownAnnapolis.com, 24 September 2010
"Understanding Denial-of-Service Attacks | CISA". us-cert.cisa.gov. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
"US concerned power grid vulnerable to cyber-attack" Archived 30 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine. In.reuters.com (9 April 2009). Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Xinhua: China denies intruding into the U.S. electrical grid. 9 April 2009
Carter, Nicholas (22 January 2018). "Dynamic Security Threats and the British Army". RUSI. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
"NotPetya: virus behind global attack 'masquerades' as ransomware but could be more dangerous, researchers warn". 28 June 2017. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
Arquilla, John (27 July 2009). "Click, click... counting down to cyber 9/11". SFGate. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2019. (Link at SFGate)
Cyber ShockWave Shows U.S. Unprepared For Cyber Threats Archived 19 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Bipartisanpolicy.org. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Cyber ShockWave CNN/BPC wargame: was it a failure? Archived 23 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Computerworld (17 February 2010). Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Steve Ragan Report: The Cyber ShockWave event and its aftermath Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. The Tech Herald. 16 February 2010
Lee, Andy (1 May 2012). "International Cyber Warfare: Limitations and Possibilities". Archived 27 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Jeju Peace Institute.
Government-sponsored cyberattacks on the rise, McAfee says Archived 17 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Network World (29 November 2007). Retrieved 8 November 2011.
"How China will use cyber warfare to leapfrog in military competitiveness". Culture Mandala: The Bulletin of the Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies. Vol. 8, no. 1 October 2008. p. 42. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
"How China will use cyber warfare to leapfrog in military competitiveness". Culture Mandala: The Bulletin of the Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies. Vol. 8, no. 1 October 2008. p. 43. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
Graham, Ben (13 September 2020). "Zhenhua Data: 35,000 Aussies being spied on by China as part of 'psychological war'". News.com.au. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
"5 lakh cyber warriors to bolster India's e-defence". The Times of India. India. 16 October 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
Williams, Martin. UK, Not North Korea, Source of DDOS Attacks, Researcher Says Archived 17 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. PC World.
Michalis Michael, Major and successful hackers' attack in Cyprus Archived 29 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, BalkanEU (2019).
"Bienvenue sur Atlantico.fr – Atlantico.fr". www.atlantico.fr. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
"Terre, Air, Mer, Cyber ? La 4ème armée entre coup de com et réalités". 13 October 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
"Hackers wanted to man front line in cyber war" Archived 29 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Local, 24 March 2013
"Germany to invest 100 million euros on internet surveillance: report" Archived 1 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Kazinform, 18 June 2013
Cyberspace and the changing nature of warfare Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Strategists must be aware that part of every political and military conflict will take place on the internet, says Kenneth Geers.
"www.axisglobe.com". Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
Danchev, Dancho (11 August 2008). "Coordinated Russia vs Georgia cyberattack". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
Ringstrom, Anna (25 January 2017). Goodman, David (ed.). "Swedish forces exposed to extensive cyber attack: Dagens Nyheter". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017.
Ukraine's military denies Russian hack attack Archived 7 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine , Yahoo! News (6 January 2017)
AFP (1 October 2010). Stuxnet worm brings cyber warfare out of virtual world. Google. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Ralph Langner: Cracking Stuxnet, a 21st-century cyber weapon | Video on Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Ted.com. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Fulghum, David A. "Israel used electronic attack in air strike against Syrian mystery target Archived 21 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine", Aviation Week & Space Technology, 8 October 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2010. US Defense Department (PDF). Retrieved 8 November 2011.
"AP: Pentagon takes aim at China cyber threat". Archived from the original on 23 August 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
Schwartz, Mathew J. (21 November 2011). "Hacker Apparently Triggers Illinois Water Pump Burnout". InformationWeek. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima, Adam Entous: Obama's secret struggle to retaliate against Putin's election interference, Washington Post, 23. June 2017
"Vault 7: Wikileaks reveals details of CIA's hacks of Android, iPhone Windows, Linux, MacOS, and even Samsung TVs Archived 12 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine". Computing. 7 March 2017.
DOD – Cyber Counterintelligence. Dtic.mil. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
CCD COE – Cyber Defence Archived 31 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Ccdcoe.org. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
"Cybersecurity Framework". NIST. 13 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
Український центр політичного менеджменту – Зміст публікації – Конвенция о запрещении использования кибервойны Archived 7 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Politik.org.ua. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
"Darknet, Hacker, Cyberwar – Der geheime Krieg im Netz" (in German). Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.

weforum.org

"Who are the cyberwar superpowers?". World Economic Forum. 4 May 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2021.

wired.com

Newman, Lily Hay (6 May 2019). "What Israel's Strike on Hamas Hackers Means For Cyberwar". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
"White House Cyber Czar: 'There Is No Cyberwar'". Wired, 4 March 2010
Weinberger, Sharon (4 October 2007). "How Israel Spoofed Syria's Air Defense System". Wired.
Liptak, Kevin (20 June 2015). "Hacking Diplomatic Cables Is Expected. Exposing Them Is Not". Wired. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
"How Not To Prevent a Cyberwar With Russia". Wired. 18 June 2019.
Lily Hay Newman, Hacking Diplomatic Cables Is Expected. Exposing Them Is Not, Wired (2018).
U.S. drone and predator fleet is being keylogged. Wired, October 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2011
Zetter, Kim (30 November 2011). "Exclusive: Comedy of Errors Led to False 'Water-Pump Hack' Report". Wired.
Greenberg, Andy (7 March 2017). "How the CIA Can Hack Your Phone, PC, and TV (Says WikiLeaks)". WIRED. Retrieved 8 April 2017.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Singer, P. W.; Friedman, Allan (March 2014). Cybersecurity and cyberwar: what everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-991809-6. OCLC 802324804.
Smith, Troy E. (2013). "Cyber Warfare: A Misrepresentation of the True Cyber Threat". American Intelligence Journal. 31 (1): 82–85. ISSN 0883-072X. JSTOR 26202046.
Green, James A., ed. (7 November 2016). Cyber warfare: a multidisciplinary analysis. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-78707-9. OCLC 980939904.
Newman, Lily Hay (6 May 2019). "What Israel's Strike on Hamas Hackers Means For Cyberwar". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
Shakarian, Paulo; Shakarian, Jana; Ruef, Andrew (2013). Introduction to cyber-warfare: a multidisciplinary approach. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers – Elsevier. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-12-407926-7. OCLC 846492852.
Parks, Raymond C.; Duggan, David P. (September 2011). "Principles of Cyberwarfare". IEEE Security Privacy. 9 (5): 30–35. doi:10.1109/MSP.2011.138. ISSN 1558-4046. S2CID 17374534.
Barnes, Julian E.; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (22 June 2019). "U.S. Carried Out Cyberattacks on Iran". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
"Cyberwarfare". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
Gross, Michael L.; Canetti, Daphna; Vashdi, Dana R. (2016). "The psychological effects of cyber terrorism". The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 72 (5): 284–291. Bibcode:2016BuAtS..72e.284G. doi:10.1080/00963402.2016.1216502. ISSN 0096-3402. PMC 5370589. PMID 28366962.
Buchan, Russell (2012). "Cyber Attacks: Unlawful Uses of Force or Prohibited Interventions?". Journal of Conflict and Security Law. 17 (2): 211–227. doi:10.1093/jcsl/krs014. ISSN 1467-7954. JSTOR 26296227.
Ajir, Media; Vailliant, Bethany (2018). "Russian Information Warfare: Implications for Deterrence Theory". Strategic Studies Quarterly. 12 (3): 70–89. ISSN 1936-1815. JSTOR 26481910.
Cowen, Tyler (2006). "Terrorism as Theater: Analysis and Policy Implications". Public Choice. 128 (1/2): 233–244. doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9051-y. ISSN 0048-5829. JSTOR 30026642. S2CID 155001568.
Pedersen, Frederik A H; Jacobsen, Jeppe T (2024). "Narrow windows of opportunity: the limited utility of cyber operations in war". Journal of Cybersecurity. 10 (1). doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyae014. ISSN 2057-2085.
Boffey, Daniel (27 June 2019). "EU to run war games to prepare for Russian and Chinese cyber-attacks". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
Wheeler, Caroline; Shipman, Tim; Hookham, Mark (7 October 2018). "UK war-games cyber attack on Moscow". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0956-1382. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
Sanger, David E.; Perlroth, Nicole; Thrush, Glenn; Rappeport, Alan (11 December 2018). "Marriott Data Breach Is Traced to Chinese Hackers as U.S. Readies Crackdown on Beijing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
Poornima, B. (August 2022). "Cyber Threats and Nuclear Security in India". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 9 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1177/23477970221099748. ISSN 2347-7970. S2CID 249831452.
Markoff, John (26 October 2009). "Old Trick Threatens the Newest Weapons (Published 2009)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 October 2020.

worldcat.org

"Tallinn manual 2.0 on the international law applicable to cyber operations | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

wsj.com

Gorman, Siobhan. (8 April 2009) Electricity Grid in U.S. Penetrated By Spies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
NERC Public Notice. (PDF). Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Barrett, Devlin (5 June 2015). "U.S. Suspects Hackers in China Breached About four (4) Million People's Records, Officials Say". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
"GOP Fundraiser Sues Qatar Over Stolen Emails". The Wall Street Journal. 26 March 2018.
"GOP Fundraiser Elliott Broidy Expands Suit Alleging Qatar-Backed Hacking". The Wall Street Journal. 25 May 2018.
Lee, Carol E.; Sonne, Paul (30 December 2016). "U.S. Sanctions Russia Over Election Hacking; Moscow Threatens to Retaliate". The Wall Street Journal.
Gorman, Siobhan. (4 June 2010) WSJ: U.S. Backs Talks on Cyber Warfare. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

blogs.wsj.com

Ali, Sarmad (16 February 2010). "Washington Group Tests Security in 'Cyber ShockWave'". The Wall Street Journal.

yahoo.com

news.yahoo.com

"Philippines wards off cyber attacks from China-based hackers". Yahoo News. 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.

yahoo.com

Ukraine's military denies Russian hack attack Archived 7 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine , Yahoo! News (6 January 2017)

yale.edu

yalebooks.yale.edu

Kello, Lucas (2017). The Virtual Weapon and International Order. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 77–79. ISBN 978-0-300-22023-0.

ynetnews.com

"IAEA: Syria tried to build nuclear reactor". Ynetnews. Associated Press. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

yonhapnews.co.kr

english.yonhapnews.co.kr

Kim, Eun-jung (April 2013). "S. Korean military to prepare with U.S. for cyber warfare scenarios". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

youtube.com

"28c3: Security Log Visualization with a Correlation Engine". YouTube. 29 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
Kubecka, Christina (29 December 2015). "How to Implement IT Security after a Cyber Meltdown" (PDF). Retrieved 3 November 2017. (Video on YouTube-archive)
"Youtube – Chris Kubecka: How to Implement IT Security after a Cyber Meltdown". YouTube. 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2017.

zdf.de

"Darknet, Hacker, Cyberwar – Der geheime Krieg im Netz" (in German). Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.

zdnet.com

blogs.zdnet.com

Danchev, Dancho (11 August 2008). "Coordinated Russia vs Georgia cyberattack". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2008.