Cyclone (English Wikipedia)

"Cyclone". American Meteorological Society. amsglossary.allenpress.com. Glossary of Meteorology. Allen Press. 2008. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2025.

ametsoc.org (Global: 4,084^th place; English: 3,491^st place)

glossary.ametsoc.org

Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclonic circulation". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclone". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclogenesis". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2014-01-15. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Polar vortex". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2019-07-18. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Mesocyclone". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2006-12-07.

australiasevereweather.com (Global: 8,357^th place; English: 5,155^th place)

Padgett, Gary (2001). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary for December 2000". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2006-03-31.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

BBC Weather Glossary (July 2006). "Cyclone". BBC. Archived from the original on 2006-08-29. Retrieved 2006-10-24.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Erik A. Rasmussen; John Turner (2003). Polar lows: mesoscale weather systems in the polar regions. Cambridge University Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-521-62430-5. Retrieved 2011-01-27.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Cyclogenesis | meteorology". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

confex.com (Global: 5,812^th place; English: 3,891^st place)

ams.confex.com

Robert Hart; Jenni Evans (2003). "Synoptic Composites of the Extratropical Transition Lifecycle of North Atlantic TCs as Defined Within Cyclone Phase Space" (PDF). American Meteorological Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2006-10-03.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

news.cornell.edu

David Brand (1999-05-19). "Colossal cyclone swirling near Martian north pole is observed by Cornell-led team on Hubble telescope". Cornell University. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

crystalinks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dust Devils". www.crystalinks.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.
Rostami, Masoud; Zeitlin, Vladimir (July 2018). "An improved moist-convective rotating shallow-water model and its application to instabilities of hurricane-like vortices" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 144 (714): 1450–1462. Bibcode:2018QJRMS.144.1450R. doi:10.1002/qj.3292.
Blyth, Caroline (2004). "Piddington, Henry (1797–1858)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22221. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
Raymond D. Menard; J.M. Fritsch (June 1989). "A Mesoscale Convective Complex-Generated Inertially Stable Warm Core Vortex". Monthly Weather Review. 117 (6): 1237–1261. Bibcode:1989MWRv..117.1237M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1237:AMCCGI>2.0.CO;2.
Shultz, James M.; Russell, Jill; Espinel, Zelde (July 2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development". Epidemiologic Reviews. 27 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011. PMID 15958424.
I. Orlanski (1975). "A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 56 (5): 527–530. Bibcode:1975BAMS...56..527.. doi:10.1175/1520-0477-56.5.527.
Koutsoyiannis, D.; Langousis, A. (2011). "Precipitation". Treatise on Water Science. pp. 27–77. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53199-5.00027-0. ISBN 978-0-444-53199-5.
Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta; Laprise, René; Gachon, Philippe (2021-01-01). "Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 73 (1): 1–31. Bibcode:2021TellA..7390412M. doi:10.1080/16000870.2021.1890412. ISSN 1600-0870. S2CID 233807634.
Spiegler, David B. (1973). "Reply". Monthly Weather Review. 101 (4): 380. Bibcode:1973MWRv..101..380S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0380:R>2.3.CO;2.
Simpson, R. H.; Hebert, Paul J. (1973). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1972". Monthly Weather Review. 101 (4): 323–333. Bibcode:1973MWRv..101..323S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0323:AHSO>2.3.CO;2.
Shultz, James M.; Russell, Jill; Espinel, Zelde (July 2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development". Epidemiologic Reviews. 27 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011. PMID 15958424.
Chen, Rui-Rong; Boyer, Don L.; Tao, Lijun (December 1993). "Laboratory Simulation of Atmospheric Motions in the Vicinity of Antarctica". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 50 (24): 4058–4079. Bibcode:1993JAtS...50.4058C. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<4058:LSOAMI>2.0.CO;2.
Deborah Hanley; John Molinari; Daniel Keyser (October 2001). "A Composite Study of the Interactions between Tropical Cyclones and Upper-Tropospheric Troughs". Monthly Weather Review. 129 (10). American Meteorological Society: 2570–84. Bibcode:2001MWRv..129.2570H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2570:ACSOTI>2.0.CO;2.

flhurricane.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Clark Evans (January 5, 2006). "Favorable trough interactions on tropical cyclones". Flhurricane.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-20.

fsu.edu (Global: 2,949^th place; English: 1,945^th place)

coaps.fsu.edu

Ryan N. Maue (2008). "Chapter 3: Cyclone Paradigms and Extratropical Transition Conceptualizations". Florida State University. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

geographic.org (Global: 6,675^th place; English: 5,555^th place)

"A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather: Waterspout definition". geographic.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2014.

geographyandyou.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Garima, Khera. "A vortex of winds-Cyclones – Geography and You". Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.

haydenplanetarium.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ellen Cohen (2009). "Jupiter's Great Red Spot". Hayden Planetarium. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-11-16.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.

hypertextbook.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Glenn Elert (2006). "Density of Air". The Physics Factbook. Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

laserfocusworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
"StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,445^th place; English: 1,513^th place)

escholarship.mcgill.ca

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.

metoffice.gov.uk (Global: 3,449^th place; English: 2,287^th place)

"Weather Conditions". Met Office. Retrieved 7 November 2024.

millersville.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

atmos.millersville.edu

DeCaria (2005-12-07). "ESCI 241 – Meteorology; Lesson 16 – Extratropical Cyclones". Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-21.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

wind.mit.edu

Kerry Emanuel (January 2006). "Anthropogenic Effects on Tropical Cyclone Activity". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2008-02-25.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

solarsystem.nasa.gov

Samantha Harvey (2006-10-02). "Historic Hurricanes". NASA. Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2008-06-14.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Shultz, James M.; Russell, Jill; Espinel, Zelde (July 2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development". Epidemiologic Reviews. 27 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011. PMID 15958424.
Shultz, James M.; Russell, Jill; Espinel, Zelde (July 2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development". Epidemiologic Reviews. 27 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011. PMID 15958424.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

aoml.noaa.gov

Stan Goldenberg (2004-08-13). "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2007-02-09. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
"Frequently asked questions". Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2006-04-08.
Chris Landsea and Sim Aberson (August 13, 2004). "Subject: A11) What is the "eye"? How is it formed and maintained ? What is the "eyewall"? What are "spiral bands"?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: D3) Why do tropical cyclones' winds rotate counterclockwise (clockwise) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: A15) How do tropical cyclones form ?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
Chris Landsea (2000-01-04). "Climate Variability table — Tropical Cyclones". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2006-10-19.
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2007-02-09. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: A6) What is a sub-tropical cyclone?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Frequently Asked Questions: What is a sub-tropical cyclone?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Frequently Asked Questions: How do tropical cyclones form?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2006-07-26.
Sim Aberson (2009-02-06). "Subject : C2) Doesn't the friction over land kill tropical cyclones?". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
"TCFAQ H6) Are there hurricanes on other planets ?". www.aoml.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

noaa.gov

"Know the dangers of nor'easters". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. February 7, 2013. Archived from the original on February 14, 2016.
"Hurricane Damage Potential". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 8 September 2023. Archived from the original on 7 February 2025.

nesdis.noaa.gov

"Hurricanes, Cyclones and Typhoons: What's in a Name?". National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 28, 2025. Retrieved October 8, 2025.

wpc.ncep.noaa.gov

David Mark Roth (2002-02-15). "A Fifty year History of Subtropical Cyclones" (PDF). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2006-10-04.

cpc.ncep.noaa.gov

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2005 Tropical Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Outlook. Archived 2009-06-14 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2006-05-02.

erh.noaa.gov

National Weather Service Forecast Office State College, Pennsylvania (2006-07-16). "Splitting Storm and Anti-cyclonic Rotating Mesocyclone in a Thunderstorm over Elk County July 10th, 2006". Archived from the original on 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

nsidc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Cyclogenesis". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-12-04.
Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Definition for Cyclogenesis". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-10-20.

oxforddnb.com (Global: 179^th place; English: 104^th place)

Blyth, Caroline (2004). "Piddington, Henry (1797–1858)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22221. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.
Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta; Laprise, René; Gachon, Philippe (2021-01-01). "Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 73 (1): 1–31. Bibcode:2021TellA..7390412M. doi:10.1080/16000870.2021.1890412. ISSN 1600-0870. S2CID 233807634.

skybrary.aero (Global: low place; English: 8,972^nd place)

"Mesocyclone – SKYbrary Aviation Safety". www.skybrary.aero. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

slu.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,349^th place)

eas.slu.edu

St. Louis University (2004-09-06). "What is a trowal?". National Weather Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

sorbonne-universite.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

hal.sorbonne-universite.fr

Rostami, Masoud; Zeitlin, Vladimir (July 2018). "An improved moist-convective rotating shallow-water model and its application to instabilities of hurricane-like vortices" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 144 (714): 1450–1462. Bibcode:2018QJRMS.144.1450R. doi:10.1002/qj.3292.

thethermograpiclibrary.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cyclon in a board Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. thethermograpiclibrary.org

thinkquest.org (Global: 8,176^th place; English: 8,805^th place)

library.thinkquest.org

Forces of Nature. Tornadoes : the mesocyclone. Archived 2008-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-06-15.

ucar.edu (Global: 8,747^th place; English: 6,863^rd place)

meted.ucar.edu

"UCAR Glossary — Cyclone". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2006-10-24.

uiuc.edu (Global: 4,225^th place; English: 3,432^nd place)

news.uiuc.edu

James E. Kloeppel (2001-12-01). "Stratospheric polar vortex influences winter freezing, researchers say". University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign via the Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2001-12-24. Retrieved 2009-12-27.

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

"Are the winds on one side of a hurricane faster than on the other side?". USA Today. Ask the Experts: Hurricanes. November 11, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011.

uwyo.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,450^th place)

www-das.uwyo.edu

"Tropical cyclogenesis". www-das.uwyo.edu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.

vedur.is (Global: low place; English: low place)

andvari.vedur.is

Halldór Björnsson (2005-01-19). "Global circulation". Veðurstofa Íslands. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

weather.gov (Global: 1,089^th place; English: 562^nd place)

"Dust Devils in Northern Arizona". National Weather Service. Retrieved October 17, 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclonic circulation". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclone". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
BBC Weather Glossary (July 2006). "Cyclone". BBC. Archived from the original on 2006-08-29. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
"UCAR Glossary — Cyclone". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
David Brand (1999-05-19). "Colossal cyclone swirling near Martian north pole is observed by Cornell-led team on Hubble telescope". Cornell University. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
Samantha Harvey (2006-10-02). "Historic Hurricanes". NASA. Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Cyclogenesis". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-12-04.
"Tropical cyclogenesis". www-das.uwyo.edu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
Stan Goldenberg (2004-08-13). "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2007-02-09. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
Forces of Nature. Tornadoes : the mesocyclone. Archived 2008-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
National Weather Service Key West summary of waterspout types
"Frequently asked questions". Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2006-04-08.
Chris Landsea and Sim Aberson (August 13, 2004). "Subject: A11) What is the "eye"? How is it formed and maintained ? What is the "eyewall"? What are "spiral bands"?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
"The Atmosphere in Motion" (PDF). University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: D3) Why do tropical cyclones' winds rotate counterclockwise (clockwise) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
"Are the winds on one side of a hurricane faster than on the other side?". USA Today. Ask the Experts: Hurricanes. November 11, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
Kerry Emanuel (January 2006). "Anthropogenic Effects on Tropical Cyclone Activity". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
"Cyclogenesis | meteorology". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclogenesis". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2014-01-15. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Glenn Elert (2006). "Density of Air". The Physics Factbook. Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
St. Louis University (2004-09-06). "What is a trowal?". National Weather Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Definition for Cyclogenesis". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-10-20.
Cyclon in a board Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. thethermograpiclibrary.org
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: A15) How do tropical cyclones form ?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
Chris Landsea (2000-01-04). "Climate Variability table — Tropical Cyclones". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2006-10-19.
DeCaria (2005-12-07). "ESCI 241 – Meteorology; Lesson 16 – Extratropical Cyclones". Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
Robert Hart; Jenni Evans (2003). "Synoptic Composites of the Extratropical Transition Lifecycle of North Atlantic TCs as Defined Within Cyclone Phase Space" (PDF). American Meteorological Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
"Cyclone". American Meteorological Society. amsglossary.allenpress.com. Glossary of Meteorology. Allen Press. 2008. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2025.
Ryan N. Maue (2008). "Chapter 3: Cyclone Paradigms and Extratropical Transition Conceptualizations". Florida State University. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2007-02-09. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
"Know the dangers of nor'easters". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. February 7, 2013. Archived from the original on February 14, 2016.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: A6) What is a sub-tropical cyclone?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
David Mark Roth (2002-02-15). "A Fifty year History of Subtropical Cyclones" (PDF). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2006-10-04.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Frequently Asked Questions: What is a sub-tropical cyclone?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
"Hurricane Damage Potential". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 8 September 2023. Archived from the original on 7 February 2025.
"StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
"StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Frequently Asked Questions: How do tropical cyclones form?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2006-07-26.
Sim Aberson (2009-02-06). "Subject : C2) Doesn't the friction over land kill tropical cyclones?". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
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cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

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weather.gov (Global: 1,089^th place; English: 562^nd place)

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