Cyclone (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cyclone" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

56web.archive.org

1^st place

19noaa.gov

212^th place

172^nd place

13doi.org

2^nd place

9harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

6ametsoc.org

4,162^nd place

3,578^th place

2nsidc.org

low place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

2nih.gov

4^th place

2laserfocusworld.com

low place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

1ucar.edu

7,843^rd place

5,892^nd place

1cornell.edu

332^nd place

246^th place

1nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

1uwyo.edu

low place

7,278^th place

1mcgill.ca

2,527^th place

1,840^th place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1thinkquest.org

5,173^rd place

5,110^th place

1sorbonne-universite.fr

low place

1wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org

low place

1oxforddnb.com

284^th place

187^th place

1abdn.ac.uk

7,976^th place

5,565^th place

1usatoday.com

41^st place

34^th place

1mit.edu

415^th place

327^th place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1hypertextbook.com

5,064^th place

5,340^th place

1slu.edu

low place

7,846^th place

1thethermograpiclibrary.org

low place

1millersville.edu

low place

1confex.com

6,094^th place

4,186^th place

1allenpress.com

4,512^th place

4,202^nd place

1metoffice.gov.uk

2,735^th place

2,066^th place

1fsu.edu

2,584^th place

1,811^th place

1worldcat.org

5^th place

1books.google.com

3^rd place

1australiasevereweather.com

low place

1vedur.is

low place

1geographyandyou.com

low place

1uiuc.edu

3,087^th place

2,519^th place

1flhurricane.com

low place

1skybrary.aero

low place

8,169^th place

1sciencenews.org

3,410^th place

2,939^th place

1crystalinks.com

low place

1geographic.org

9,280^th place

6,891^st place

1wmo.int

1,896^th place

2,094^th place

1haydenplanetarium.org

low place

abdn.ac.uk (Global: 7,976^th place; English: 5,565^th place)

homepages.abdn.ac.uk

"The Atmosphere in Motion" (PDF). University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2011-09-11.

allenpress.com (Global: 4,512^th place; English: 4,202^nd place)

amsglossary.allenpress.com

"Cyclone". American Meteorological Society. amsglossary.allenpress.com. Glossary of Meteorology. Allen Press. 2008. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2025.

ametsoc.org (Global: 4,162^nd place; English: 3,578^th place)

glossary.ametsoc.org

Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclonic circulation". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclone". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclogenesis". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2014-01-15. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Polar vortex". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2019-07-18. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Mesocyclone". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
Funnel cloud (2 ed.). American Meteorological Society. 2000-06-30. Archived from the original on 2013-02-05. Retrieved 2009-02-25.

australiasevereweather.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Padgett, Gary (2001). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary for December 2000". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2006-03-31.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

BBC Weather Glossary (July 2006). "Cyclone". BBC. Archived from the original on 2006-08-29. Retrieved 2006-10-24.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Erik A. Rasmussen; John Turner (2003). Polar lows: mesoscale weather systems in the polar regions. Cambridge University Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-521-62430-5. Retrieved 2011-01-27.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"Cyclogenesis | meteorology". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

confex.com (Global: 6,094^th place; English: 4,186^th place)

ams.confex.com

Robert Hart; Jenni Evans (2003). "Synoptic Composites of the Extratropical Transition Lifecycle of North Atlantic TCs as Defined Within Cyclone Phase Space" (PDF). American Meteorological Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2006-10-03.

cornell.edu (Global: 332^nd place; English: 246^th place)

news.cornell.edu

David Brand (1999-05-19). "Colossal cyclone swirling near Martian north pole is observed by Cornell-led team on Hubble telescope". Cornell University. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

crystalinks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dust Devils". www.crystalinks.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.
Rostami, Masoud; Zeitlin, Vladimir (July 2018). "An improved moist-convective rotating shallow-water model and its application to instabilities of hurricane-like vortices" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 144 (714): 1450–1462. Bibcode:2018QJRMS.144.1450R. doi:10.1002/qj.3292.
Blyth, Caroline (2004). "Piddington, Henry (1797–1858)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22221. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
Raymond D. Menard; J.M. Fritsch (June 1989). "A Mesoscale Convective Complex-Generated Inertially Stable Warm Core Vortex". Monthly Weather Review. 117 (6): 1237–1261. Bibcode:1989MWRv..117.1237M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1237:AMCCGI>2.0.CO;2.
Shultz, James M.; Russell, Jill; Espinel, Zelde (July 2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development". Epidemiologic Reviews. 27 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011. PMID 15958424.
I. Orlanski (1975). "A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 56 (5): 527–530. Bibcode:1975BAMS...56..527.. doi:10.1175/1520-0477-56.5.527.
Koutsoyiannis, D.; Langousis, A. (2011). "Precipitation". Treatise on Water Science. pp. 27–77. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53199-5.00027-0. ISBN 978-0-444-53199-5.
Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta; Laprise, René; Gachon, Philippe (2021-01-01). "Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 73 (1): 1–31. Bibcode:2021TellA..7390412M. doi:10.1080/16000870.2021.1890412. ISSN 1600-0870. S2CID 233807634.
Spiegler, David B. (1973). "Reply". Monthly Weather Review. 101 (4): 380. Bibcode:1973MWRv..101..380S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0380:R>2.3.CO;2.
Simpson, R. H.; Hebert, Paul J. (1973). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1972". Monthly Weather Review. 101 (4): 323–333. Bibcode:1973MWRv..101..323S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0323:AHSO>2.3.CO;2.
Shultz, James M.; Russell, Jill; Espinel, Zelde (July 2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development". Epidemiologic Reviews. 27 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011. PMID 15958424.
Chen, Rui-Rong; Boyer, Don L.; Tao, Lijun (December 1993). "Laboratory Simulation of Atmospheric Motions in the Vicinity of Antarctica". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 50 (24): 4058–4079. Bibcode:1993JAtS...50.4058C. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<4058:LSOAMI>2.0.CO;2.
Deborah Hanley; John Molinari; Daniel Keyser (October 2001). "A Composite Study of the Interactions between Tropical Cyclones and Upper-Tropospheric Troughs". Monthly Weather Review. 129 (10). American Meteorological Society: 2570–84. Bibcode:2001MWRv..129.2570H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2570:ACSOTI>2.0.CO;2.

flhurricane.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Clark Evans (January 5, 2006). "Favorable trough interactions on tropical cyclones". Flhurricane.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-20.

fsu.edu (Global: 2,584^th place; English: 1,811^th place)

coaps.fsu.edu

Ryan N. Maue (2008). "Chapter 3: Cyclone Paradigms and Extratropical Transition Conceptualizations". Florida State University. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

geographic.org (Global: 9,280^th place; English: 6,891^st place)

"A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather: Waterspout definition". geographic.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2014.

geographyandyou.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Garima, Khera. "A vortex of winds-Cyclones – Geography and You". Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.
Rostami, Masoud; Zeitlin, Vladimir (July 2018). "An improved moist-convective rotating shallow-water model and its application to instabilities of hurricane-like vortices" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 144 (714): 1450–1462. Bibcode:2018QJRMS.144.1450R. doi:10.1002/qj.3292.
Raymond D. Menard; J.M. Fritsch (June 1989). "A Mesoscale Convective Complex-Generated Inertially Stable Warm Core Vortex". Monthly Weather Review. 117 (6): 1237–1261. Bibcode:1989MWRv..117.1237M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1237:AMCCGI>2.0.CO;2.
I. Orlanski (1975). "A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 56 (5): 527–530. Bibcode:1975BAMS...56..527.. doi:10.1175/1520-0477-56.5.527.
Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta; Laprise, René; Gachon, Philippe (2021-01-01). "Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 73 (1): 1–31. Bibcode:2021TellA..7390412M. doi:10.1080/16000870.2021.1890412. ISSN 1600-0870. S2CID 233807634.
Spiegler, David B. (1973). "Reply". Monthly Weather Review. 101 (4): 380. Bibcode:1973MWRv..101..380S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0380:R>2.3.CO;2.
Simpson, R. H.; Hebert, Paul J. (1973). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1972". Monthly Weather Review. 101 (4): 323–333. Bibcode:1973MWRv..101..323S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0323:AHSO>2.3.CO;2.
Chen, Rui-Rong; Boyer, Don L.; Tao, Lijun (December 1993). "Laboratory Simulation of Atmospheric Motions in the Vicinity of Antarctica". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 50 (24): 4058–4079. Bibcode:1993JAtS...50.4058C. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<4058:LSOAMI>2.0.CO;2.
Deborah Hanley; John Molinari; Daniel Keyser (October 2001). "A Composite Study of the Interactions between Tropical Cyclones and Upper-Tropospheric Troughs". Monthly Weather Review. 129 (10). American Meteorological Society: 2570–84. Bibcode:2001MWRv..129.2570H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2570:ACSOTI>2.0.CO;2.

haydenplanetarium.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ellen Cohen (2009). "Jupiter's Great Red Spot". Hayden Planetarium. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-11-16.

hypertextbook.com (Global: 5,064^th place; English: 5,340^th place)

Glenn Elert (2006). "Density of Air". The Physics Factbook. Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

laserfocusworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
"StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,527^th place; English: 1,840^th place)

escholarship.mcgill.ca

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.

metoffice.gov.uk (Global: 2,735^th place; English: 2,066^th place)

"Weather Conditions". Met Office. Retrieved 7 November 2024.

millersville.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

atmos.millersville.edu

DeCaria (2005-12-07). "ESCI 241 – Meteorology; Lesson 16 – Extratropical Cyclones". Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-21.

mit.edu (Global: 415^th place; English: 327^th place)

wind.mit.edu

Kerry Emanuel (January 2006). "Anthropogenic Effects on Tropical Cyclone Activity". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2008-02-25.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

solarsystem.nasa.gov

Samantha Harvey (2006-10-02). "Historic Hurricanes". NASA. Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2008-06-14.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Shultz, James M.; Russell, Jill; Espinel, Zelde (July 2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development". Epidemiologic Reviews. 27 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011. PMID 15958424.
Shultz, James M.; Russell, Jill; Espinel, Zelde (July 2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development". Epidemiologic Reviews. 27 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011. PMID 15958424.

noaa.gov (Global: 212^th place; English: 172^nd place)

aoml.noaa.gov

Stan Goldenberg (2004-08-13). "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2007-02-09. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
"Frequently asked questions". Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2006-04-08.
Chris Landsea and Sim Aberson (August 13, 2004). "Subject: A11) What is the "eye"? How is it formed and maintained ? What is the "eyewall"? What are "spiral bands"?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: D3) Why do tropical cyclones' winds rotate counterclockwise (clockwise) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: A15) How do tropical cyclones form ?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
Chris Landsea (2000-01-04). "Climate Variability table — Tropical Cyclones". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2006-10-19.
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2007-02-09. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: A6) What is a sub-tropical cyclone?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Frequently Asked Questions: What is a sub-tropical cyclone?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Frequently Asked Questions: How do tropical cyclones form?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2006-07-26.
Sim Aberson (2009-02-06). "Subject : C2) Doesn't the friction over land kill tropical cyclones?". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
"TCFAQ H6) Are there hurricanes on other planets ?". www.aoml.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

nssl.noaa.gov

"Frequently Asked Questions about Tornadoes". National Severe Storms Laboratory. 2009-07-20. Archived from the original on 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2010-06-22.
"Tornado Basics". NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

nesdis.noaa.gov

"Hurricanes, Cyclones and Typhoons: What's in a Name?". National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 28, 2025. Retrieved October 8, 2025.

noaa.gov

"Know the dangers of nor'easters". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. February 7, 2013. Archived from the original on February 14, 2016.

wpc.ncep.noaa.gov

David Mark Roth (2002-02-15). "A Fifty year History of Subtropical Cyclones" (PDF). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2006-10-04.

cpc.ncep.noaa.gov

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2005 Tropical Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Outlook. Archived 2009-06-14 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2006-05-02.

erh.noaa.gov

National Weather Service Forecast Office State College, Pennsylvania (2006-07-16). "Splitting Storm and Anti-cyclonic Rotating Mesocyclone in a Thunderstorm over Elk County July 10th, 2006". Archived from the original on 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

nsidc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Cyclogenesis". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-12-04.
Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Definition for Cyclogenesis". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-10-20.

oxforddnb.com (Global: 284^th place; English: 187^th place)

Blyth, Caroline (2004). "Piddington, Henry (1797–1858)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22221. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

sciencenews.org (Global: 3,410^th place; English: 2,939^th place)

Perkins, Sid (11 May 2002). "Tornado Alley, USA". Science News. Archived from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-20.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Evans, Clark; Wood, Kimberly M.; Aberson, Sim D.; Archambault, Heather M.; Milrad, Shawn M.; Bosart, Lance F.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Davis, Christopher A.; Pinto, João R. Dias; Doyle, James; Fogarty, Chris; Galarneau, Thomas J.; Grams, Christian M.; Griffin, Kyle S.; Gyakum, John; Hart, Robert E.; Kitabatake, Naoko; Lentink, Hilke S.; McTaggart-Cowan, Ron; Perrie, William; Quinting, Julian F. D.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Riemer, Michael; Ritchie, Elizabeth A.; Sun, Yujuan; Zhang, Fuqing (1 November 2017). "The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts". Monthly Weather Review. 145 (11): 4317–4344. Bibcode:2017MWRv..145.4317E. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0027.1. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_47895. S2CID 38114516.
Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta; Laprise, René; Gachon, Philippe (2021-01-01). "Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 73 (1): 1–31. Bibcode:2021TellA..7390412M. doi:10.1080/16000870.2021.1890412. ISSN 1600-0870. S2CID 233807634.

skybrary.aero (Global: low place; English: 8,169^th place)

"Mesocyclone – SKYbrary Aviation Safety". www.skybrary.aero. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

slu.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,846^th place)

eas.slu.edu

St. Louis University (2004-09-06). "What is a trowal?". National Weather Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

sorbonne-universite.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

hal.sorbonne-universite.fr

Rostami, Masoud; Zeitlin, Vladimir (July 2018). "An improved moist-convective rotating shallow-water model and its application to instabilities of hurricane-like vortices" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 144 (714): 1450–1462. Bibcode:2018QJRMS.144.1450R. doi:10.1002/qj.3292.

thethermograpiclibrary.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cyclon in a board Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. thethermograpiclibrary.org

thinkquest.org (Global: 5,173^rd place; English: 5,110^th place)

library.thinkquest.org

Forces of Nature. Tornadoes : the mesocyclone. Archived 2008-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-06-15.

ucar.edu (Global: 7,843^rd place; English: 5,892^nd place)

meted.ucar.edu

"UCAR Glossary — Cyclone". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2006-10-24.

uiuc.edu (Global: 3,087^th place; English: 2,519^th place)

news.uiuc.edu

James E. Kloeppel (2001-12-01). "Stratospheric polar vortex influences winter freezing, researchers say". University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign via the Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2001-12-24. Retrieved 2009-12-27.

usatoday.com (Global: 41^st place; English: 34^th place)

"Are the winds on one side of a hurricane faster than on the other side?". USA Today. Ask the Experts: Hurricanes. November 11, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011.

uwyo.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,278^th place)

www-das.uwyo.edu

"Tropical cyclogenesis". www-das.uwyo.edu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.

vedur.is (Global: low place; English: low place)

andvari.vedur.is

Halldór Björnsson (2005-01-19). "Global circulation". Veðurstofa Íslands. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclonic circulation". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclone". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
BBC Weather Glossary (July 2006). "Cyclone". BBC. Archived from the original on 2006-08-29. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
"UCAR Glossary — Cyclone". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
David Brand (1999-05-19). "Colossal cyclone swirling near Martian north pole is observed by Cornell-led team on Hubble telescope". Cornell University. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
Samantha Harvey (2006-10-02). "Historic Hurricanes". NASA. Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Cyclogenesis". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-12-04.
"Tropical cyclogenesis". www-das.uwyo.edu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
Stan Goldenberg (2004-08-13). "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2007-02-09. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
Forces of Nature. Tornadoes : the mesocyclone. Archived 2008-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
National Weather Service Key West summary of waterspout types
"Frequently asked questions". Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2006-04-08.
Chris Landsea and Sim Aberson (August 13, 2004). "Subject: A11) What is the "eye"? How is it formed and maintained ? What is the "eyewall"? What are "spiral bands"?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
"The Atmosphere in Motion" (PDF). University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: D3) Why do tropical cyclones' winds rotate counterclockwise (clockwise) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
"Are the winds on one side of a hurricane faster than on the other side?". USA Today. Ask the Experts: Hurricanes. November 11, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
Kerry Emanuel (January 2006). "Anthropogenic Effects on Tropical Cyclone Activity". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
"Cyclogenesis | meteorology". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Cyclogenesis". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2014-01-15. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Glenn Elert (2006). "Density of Air". The Physics Factbook. Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
St. Louis University (2004-09-06). "What is a trowal?". National Weather Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Definition for Cyclogenesis". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-10-20.
Cyclon in a board Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. thethermograpiclibrary.org
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: A15) How do tropical cyclones form ?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
Chris Landsea (2000-01-04). "Climate Variability table — Tropical Cyclones". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2006-10-19.
DeCaria (2005-12-07). "ESCI 241 – Meteorology; Lesson 16 – Extratropical Cyclones". Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
Robert Hart; Jenni Evans (2003). "Synoptic Composites of the Extratropical Transition Lifecycle of North Atlantic TCs as Defined Within Cyclone Phase Space" (PDF). American Meteorological Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
"Cyclone". American Meteorological Society. amsglossary.allenpress.com. Glossary of Meteorology. Allen Press. 2008. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2025.
Ryan N. Maue (2008). "Chapter 3: Cyclone Paradigms and Extratropical Transition Conceptualizations". Florida State University. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2007-02-09. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
"Know the dangers of nor'easters". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. February 7, 2013. Archived from the original on February 14, 2016.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Subject: A6) What is a sub-tropical cyclone?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
David Mark Roth (2002-02-15). "A Fifty year History of Subtropical Cyclones" (PDF). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2006-10-04.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Frequently Asked Questions: What is a sub-tropical cyclone?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
"StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
"StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
Chris Landsea (2009-02-06). "Frequently Asked Questions: How do tropical cyclones form?". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2006-07-26.
Sim Aberson (2009-02-06). "Subject : C2) Doesn't the friction over land kill tropical cyclones?". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2005 Tropical Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Outlook. Archived 2009-06-14 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2006-05-02.
Padgett, Gary (2001). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary for December 2000". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2006-03-31.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Polar vortex". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2019-07-18. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
Halldór Björnsson (2005-01-19). "Global circulation". Veðurstofa Íslands. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
Garima, Khera. "A vortex of winds-Cyclones – Geography and You". Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
James E. Kloeppel (2001-12-01). "Stratospheric polar vortex influences winter freezing, researchers say". University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign via the Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2001-12-24. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
Clark Evans (January 5, 2006). "Favorable trough interactions on tropical cyclones". Flhurricane.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-20.
Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). "Mesocyclone". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
"Mesocyclone – SKYbrary Aviation Safety". www.skybrary.aero. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
National Weather Service Forecast Office State College, Pennsylvania (2006-07-16). "Splitting Storm and Anti-cyclonic Rotating Mesocyclone in a Thunderstorm over Elk County July 10th, 2006". Archived from the original on 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
"Frequently Asked Questions about Tornadoes". National Severe Storms Laboratory. 2009-07-20. Archived from the original on 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2010-06-22.
"Tornado Basics". NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
Funnel cloud (2 ed.). American Meteorological Society. 2000-06-30. Archived from the original on 2013-02-05. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
Perkins, Sid (11 May 2002). "Tornado Alley, USA". Science News. Archived from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-20.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
"Dust Devils". www.crystalinks.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
"A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather: Waterspout definition". geographic.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
"TCFAQ H6) Are there hurricanes on other planets ?". www.aoml.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
Ellen Cohen (2009). "Jupiter's Great Red Spot". Hayden Planetarium. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-11-16.

wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Blyth, Caroline (2004). "Piddington, Henry (1797–1858)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22221. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

wmo.int (Global: 1,896^th place; English: 2,094^th place)

cloudatlas.wmo.int

"Steam Devil". World Meteorological Organisation. Retrieved 28 August 2025.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta; Laprise, René; Gachon, Philippe (2021-01-01). "Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 73 (1): 1–31. Bibcode:2021TellA..7390412M. doi:10.1080/16000870.2021.1890412. ISSN 1600-0870. S2CID 233807634.

Cyclone (English Wikipedia)

abdn.ac.uk (Global: 7,976th place; English: 5,565th place)

homepages.abdn.ac.uk

allenpress.com (Global: 4,512th place; English: 4,202nd place)

amsglossary.allenpress.com

ametsoc.org (Global: 4,162nd place; English: 3,578th place)

glossary.ametsoc.org

australiasevereweather.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)

confex.com (Global: 6,094th place; English: 4,186th place)

ams.confex.com

cornell.edu (Global: 332nd place; English: 246th place)

news.cornell.edu

crystalinks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

flhurricane.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fsu.edu (Global: 2,584th place; English: 1,811th place)

coaps.fsu.edu

geographic.org (Global: 9,280th place; English: 6,891st place)

geographyandyou.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

haydenplanetarium.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

hypertextbook.com (Global: 5,064th place; English: 5,340th place)

laserfocusworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,527th place; English: 1,840th place)

escholarship.mcgill.ca

metoffice.gov.uk (Global: 2,735th place; English: 2,066th place)

millersville.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

atmos.millersville.edu

mit.edu (Global: 415th place; English: 327th place)

wind.mit.edu

nasa.gov (Global: 75th place; English: 83rd place)

solarsystem.nasa.gov

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

noaa.gov (Global: 212th place; English: 172nd place)

aoml.noaa.gov

nssl.noaa.gov

nesdis.noaa.gov

noaa.gov

wpc.ncep.noaa.gov

cpc.ncep.noaa.gov

erh.noaa.gov

nsidc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

oxforddnb.com (Global: 284th place; English: 187th place)

sciencenews.org (Global: 3,410th place; English: 2,939th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

skybrary.aero (Global: low place; English: 8,169th place)

slu.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,846th place)

eas.slu.edu

sorbonne-universite.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

hal.sorbonne-universite.fr

thethermograpiclibrary.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

thinkquest.org (Global: 5,173rd place; English: 5,110th place)

library.thinkquest.org

ucar.edu (Global: 7,843rd place; English: 5,892nd place)

meted.ucar.edu

uiuc.edu (Global: 3,087th place; English: 2,519th place)

news.uiuc.edu

usatoday.com (Global: 41st place; English: 34th place)

uwyo.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,278th place)

www-das.uwyo.edu

vedur.is (Global: low place; English: low place)

andvari.vedur.is

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

wmo.int (Global: 1,896th place; English: 2,094th place)

cloudatlas.wmo.int

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

abdn.ac.uk (Global: 7,976^th place; English: 5,565^th place)

allenpress.com (Global: 4,512^th place; English: 4,202^nd place)

ametsoc.org (Global: 4,162^nd place; English: 3,578^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

confex.com (Global: 6,094^th place; English: 4,186^th place)

cornell.edu (Global: 332^nd place; English: 246^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

fsu.edu (Global: 2,584^th place; English: 1,811^th place)

geographic.org (Global: 9,280^th place; English: 6,891^st place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

hypertextbook.com (Global: 5,064^th place; English: 5,340^th place)

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,527^th place; English: 1,840^th place)

metoffice.gov.uk (Global: 2,735^th place; English: 2,066^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 415^th place; English: 327^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

noaa.gov (Global: 212^th place; English: 172^nd place)

oxforddnb.com (Global: 284^th place; English: 187^th place)

sciencenews.org (Global: 3,410^th place; English: 2,939^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

skybrary.aero (Global: low place; English: 8,169^th place)

slu.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,846^th place)

thinkquest.org (Global: 5,173^rd place; English: 5,110^th place)

ucar.edu (Global: 7,843^rd place; English: 5,892^nd place)

uiuc.edu (Global: 3,087^th place; English: 2,519^th place)

usatoday.com (Global: 41^st place; English: 34^th place)

uwyo.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,278^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wmo.int (Global: 1,896^th place; English: 2,094^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)