DNA profiling (English Wikipedia)

Easteal PW, Easteal S (3 November 2017). "The forensic use of DNA profiling". Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.

ap.org (Global: 1,596^th place; English: 964^th place)

hosted.ap.org

"Congress OKs bill to cut rape evidence backlog". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2014.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

Joshua Rozenberg,"DNA proves Hanratty guilt 'beyond doubt'", Daily Telegraph, London, 11 May 2002.

bailii.org (Global: 3,544^th place; English: 1,912^th place)

R v. Doheny [1996] EWCA Crim 728, [1997] 1 Cr App R 369 (31 July 1996), Court of Appeal
R v. Adams [1997] EWCA Crim 2474 (16 October 1997), Court of Appeal
R v Bates [2006] EWCA Crim 1395 (7 July 2006), Court of Appeal

banglajol.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rahman, Md Tahminur; Uddin, Muhammed Salah; Sultana, Razia; Moue, Arumina; Setu, Muntahina (6 February 2013). "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A Short Review". Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal. 4 (1): 30–36. doi:10.3329/akmmcj.v4i1.13682. ISSN 2304-5701.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"DNA pioneer's 'eureka' momen". BBC. 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
"DNA pioneer's 'eureka' moment". BBC News. 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
"Hanratty: The damning DNA". BBC News. 10 May 2002. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
"Mistaken identity claim over murder". BBC News. 15 February 2003. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2010.

bbc.co.uk

"Who were my parents – and why was I left on a hillside to die?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

belfasttelegraph.co.uk (Global: 915^th place; English: 566^th place)

Stephen G (17 February 2008). "Freedom in bag for killer Graham?". Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2010.

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; English: 462^nd place)

law.berkeley.edu

Roth, Andrea (2020). "Chapter 13: Admissibility of DNA Evidence in Court" (PDF). University of California Berkeley School of Law. Retrieved 25 March 2023. The original forms of forensic DNA testing and interpretation used in the 1980s and early 1990s were subject to much criticism during the "DNA Wars," the history of which has been ably told by others (Kaye, 2010; Lynch et al., 2008; see chapter 1). But these earlier techniques have been replaced in forensic DNA analysis by PCR- based STR discrete- allele typing. Courts now universally accept as generally reliable both the PCR process for amplification of DNA and the STR- based system of identifying and comparing alleles (Kaye, 2010, pp. 190– 191).

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Evans C (2007) [1998]. The Casebook of Forensic Detection: How Science Solved 100 of the World's Most Baffling Crimes (2nd ed.). New York: Berkeley Books. p. 86–89. ISBN 978-1440620539.

botany.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Crime Scene Botanicals". Botanical Society of America. Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2011.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670^th place; English: 480^th place)

bioanth.cam.ac.uk

Miller K. "Mitochondrial DNA Concordance". University of Cambridge – Biological Anthropology. Archived from the original on 22 January 2003.

cbsnews.com (Global: 108^th place; English: 80^th place)

"Jane Mixer murder case". CBS News. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
""Buckskin Girl" case: DNA breakthrough leads to ID of 1981 murder victim". CBS News. 12 April 2018. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.

ct.gov (Global: 3,566^th place; English: 1,985^th place)

cga.ct.gov

Price-Livingston S (5 June 2003). "DNA Testing Provisions in Patriot Act". Connecticut General Assembly. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2018.

denverda.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Denver District Attorney DNA Resources". Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
"Court of Appeals of Arizona: Denial of Bogan's motion to reverse his conviction and sentence" (PDF). Denver DA: www.denverda.org. 11 April 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.

denverpost.com (Global: 770^th place; English: 472^nd place)

Pankratz H (17 April 2011). "Denver Uses 'Familial DNA Evidence' to Solve Car Break-Ins". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012.

dh.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Human Tissue Act 2004". UK. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2017.

dnaforensics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Staff. "Familial searches allows law enforcement to identify criminals through their family members". DNA Forensics. United Kingdom – A Pioneer in Familial Searches. Archived from the original on 7 November 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2015.

docs.google.com (Global: 1,047^th place; English: 1,015^th place)

"US5593832.pdf" (PDF). docs.google.com. Retrieved 22 August 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Murphy E (13 October 2017). "Forensic DNA Typing". Annual Review of Criminology. 1: 497–515. doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092127.
Chambers GK, Curtis C, Millar CD, Huynen L, Lambert DM (February 2014). "DNA fingerprinting in zoology: past, present, future". Investigative Genetics. 5 (1) 3. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-5-3. PMC 3909909. PMID 24490906.
Wickenheiser, Ray A. (12 July 2019). "Forensic genealogy, bioethics and the Golden State Killer case". Forensic Science International. Synergy. 1: 114–125. doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.07.003. PMC 7219171. PMID 32411963.
Tautz D (1989). "Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers". Nucleic Acids Research. 17 (16): 6463–6471. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6463. PMC 318341. PMID 2780284.
Jeffreys AJ (November 2013). "The man behind the DNA fingerprints: an interview with Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys". Investigative Genetics. 4 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-4-21. PMC 3831583. PMID 24245655.
Rana, Ajay K (August 2025). "Challenging biological samples and strategies for DNA extraction". Journal of Investigative Medicine. 73 (6): 443–459. doi:10.1177/10815589251327503. PMID 40033560.
Rahman, Md Tahminur; Uddin, Muhammed Salah; Sultana, Razia; Moue, Arumina; Setu, Muntahina (6 February 2013). "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A Short Review". Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal. 4 (1): 30–36. doi:10.3329/akmmcj.v4i1.13682. ISSN 2304-5701.
Ravikumar D, Gurunathan D, Gayathri R, Priya VV, Geetha RV (1 January 2018). "DNA profiling of Streptococcus mutans in children with and without black tooth stains: A polymerase chain reaction analysis". Dental Research Journal. 15 (5): 334–339. doi:10.4103/1735-3327.240472. PMC 6134728. PMID 30233653.
Kashyap, V. K. (8 February 2004). "DNA Profiling Technologies in Forensic Analysis". International Journal of Human Genetics. 4 (1). doi:10.31901/24566330.2004/04.01.02.
Bieber FR, Buckleton JS, Budowle B, Butler JM, Coble MD (August 2016). "Evaluation of forensic DNA mixture evidence: protocol for evaluation, interpretation, and statistical calculations using the combined probability of inclusion". BMC Genetics. 17 (1) 125. doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0429-7. PMC 5007818. PMID 27580588.
Gittelson, S; Steffen, CR; Coble, MD (July 2016). "Low-template DNA: A single DNA analysis or two replicates?". Forensic Science International. 264: 139–45. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.012. PMC 5225751. PMID 27131143.
Coble MD, Butler JM (January 2005). "Characterization of new miniSTR loci to aid analysis of degraded DNA". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 50 (1): 43–53. doi:10.1520/JFS2004216. PMID 15830996.
Weir BS, Triggs CM, Starling L, Stowell LI, Walsh KA, Buckleton J (March 1997). "Interpreting DNA mixtures". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 42 (2): 213–222. doi:10.1520/JFS14100J. PMID 9068179.
Miller KW, Dawson JL, Hagelberg E (1996). "A concordance of nucleotide substitutions in the first and second hypervariable segments of the human mtDNA control region". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 109 (3): 107–113. doi:10.1007/bf01369668. PMID 8956982.
Curtis C, Hereward J, Mangelsdorf M, Hussey K, Devereux J (July 2019). "Protecting trust in medical genetics in the new era of forensics" (PDF). Genetics in Medicine. 21 (7): 1483–1485. doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0396-7. PMC 6752261. PMID 30559376. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Jiang, Bin; Zhao, Yikun; Yi, Hongmei; Huo, Yongxue; Wu, Haotian; Ren, Jie; Ge, Jianrong; Zhao, Jiuran; Wang, Fengge (30 March 2020). "PIDS: A User-Friendly Plant DNA Fingerprint Database Management System". Genes. 11 (4): 373. doi:10.3390/genes11040373. PMC 7230844. PMID 32235513.
National Research Council (US) Committee on DNA Forensic Science: An Update (1996). The evaluation of forensic DNA evidence. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Bibcode:1996nap..book.5141N. doi:10.17226/5141. ISBN 978-0309053952. PMID 25121324. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008.
Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (November 2000). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Research. 10 (11): 1788–1795. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
Bieber FR, Brenner CH, Lazer D (June 2006). "Human genetics. Finding criminals through DNA of their relatives". Science. 312 (5778): 1315–1316. doi:10.1126/science.1122655. PMID 16690817.
Greely, Henry T.; Riordan, Daniel P.; Garrison, Nanibaa' A.; Mountain, Joanna L. (2006). "Family Ties: The Use of DNA Offender Databases to Catch Offenders' Kin". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 34 (2): 248–262. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2006.00031.x. PMID 16789947.
Rana AK (2018). "Crime investigation through DNA methylation analysis: Methods and applications in forensics". Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 8 7. doi:10.1186/s41935-018-0042-1.
Frumkin D, Wasserstrom A, Davidson A, Grafit A (February 2010). "Authentication of forensic DNA samples". Forensic Science International. Genetics. 4 (2): 95–103. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.179.2718. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.06.009. PMID 20129467. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
Patel, Sahishnu; Jung, Dongju; Yin, Perry T.; Carlton, Peter; Yamamoto, Makoto; Bando, Toshikazu; Sugiyama, Hiroshi; Lee, Ki-Bum (20 August 2014). "NanoScript: A Nanoparticle-Based Artificial Transcription Factor for Effective Gene Regulation". ACS Nano. 8 (9): 8959–8967. Bibcode:2014ACSNa...8.8959P. doi:10.1021/nn501589f. PMC 4174092. PMID 25133310.
Qi, Hao; Huang, Guoyou; Han, Yulong; Zhang, Xiaohui; Li, Yuhui; Pingguan-Murphy, Belinda; Lu, Tian Jian; Xu, Feng; Wang, Lin (1 June 2015). "Engineering Artificial Machines from Designable DNA Materials for Biomedical Applications". Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews. 21 (3): 288–297. doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0494. PMC 4442581. PMID 25547514.
Gill P, Ivanov PL, Kimpton C, Piercy R, Benson N, Tully G, et al. (February 1994). "Identification of the remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis". Nature Genetics. 6 (2): 130–135. Bibcode:1994NaGen...6..130G. doi:10.1038/ng0294-130. PMID 8162066.

espacenet.com (Global: 800^th place; English: 676^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

US 5766847, Jäckle, Herbert & Tautz, Diethard, "Process for analyzing length polymorphisms in DNA regions", published 16 June 1998, assigned to Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften

exploredna.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Murnaghan I (28 December 2012). "Famous Trials and DNA Testing; Earl Washington Jr". Explore DNA. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

fbi.gov (Global: 881^st place; English: 611^th place)

"Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
"CODIS – National DNA Index System". Fbi.gov. Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"Fingerprint Technology Helps Solve Cold Case". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

frontlinegenomics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Genomics, Front Line; Mobley, Immy (22 November 2021). "Is the use of artificial genomic DNA the future? - Front Line Genomics". Front Line Genomics - Delivering the Benefits of Genomics to Patients Faster. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

fsigenetics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Frumkin D, Wasserstrom A, Davidson A, Grafit A (February 2010). "Authentication of forensic DNA samples". Forensic Science International. Genetics. 4 (2): 95–103. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.179.2718. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.06.009. PMID 20129467. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

go.com (Global: 48^th place; English: 39^th place)

abcnews.go.com

"Two Women Don't Match Their Kids' DNA". Abcnews.go.com. 15 August 2006. Archived from the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"New DNA Technique Led Police to 'Grim Sleeper' Serial Killer and Will 'Change Policing in America". ABC News. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020.

haaretz.com (Global: 497^th place; English: 371^st place)

Michaeli Y (16 November 2018). "To Solve Cold Cases, All It Takes Is Crime Scene DNA, a Genealogy Site and High-speed Internet". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

National Research Council (US) Committee on DNA Forensic Science: An Update (1996). The evaluation of forensic DNA evidence. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Bibcode:1996nap..book.5141N. doi:10.17226/5141. ISBN 978-0309053952. PMID 25121324. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008.
Patel, Sahishnu; Jung, Dongju; Yin, Perry T.; Carlton, Peter; Yamamoto, Makoto; Bando, Toshikazu; Sugiyama, Hiroshi; Lee, Ki-Bum (20 August 2014). "NanoScript: A Nanoparticle-Based Artificial Transcription Factor for Effective Gene Regulation". ACS Nano. 8 (9): 8959–8967. Bibcode:2014ACSNa...8.8959P. doi:10.1021/nn501589f. PMC 4174092. PMID 25133310.
Gill P, Ivanov PL, Kimpton C, Piercy R, Benson N, Tully G, et al. (February 1994). "Identification of the remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis". Nature Genetics. 6 (2): 130–135. Bibcode:1994NaGen...6..130G. doi:10.1038/ng0294-130. PMID 8162066.

jolt.law.harvard.edu

Suter S (2010). "All in The Family: Privacy and DNA Familial Searching" (PDF). Harvard Journal of Law and Technology. 23: 328. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2011.

healthanddna.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Genelex: The DNA Paternity Testing Site". Healthanddna.com. 6 January 1996. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

historylink.org (Global: 2,919^th place; English: 1,805^th place)

Doughery P. "D.B. Tuber". History Link. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Diamond D (12 April 2011). "Searching the Family DNA Tree to Solve Crime". HuffPost Denver (Blog). The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.

iastate.edu (Global: 2,548^th place; English: 1,587^th place)

biotech.iastate.edu

"DNA fingerprinting in Agricultural Genetics Programs". Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

ieee.org (Global: 652^nd place; English: 515^th place)

spectrum.ieee.org

Cole, Simon A (1 August 2007). "Double Helix Jeopardy". IEEE Spectrum.

in.gov (Global: 3,146^th place; English: 1,695^th place)

Indiana State Police Laboratory. "Introduction to STRmix and Likelifood Ratios" (PDF). In.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.

innocenceproject.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Darryl Hunt". The Innocence Project. Archived from the original on 28 August 2007.

irishtimes.com (Global: 266^th place; English: 182^nd place)

"I thought I was Irish – until I did a DNA test". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.

jairjp.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Application of DNA Fingerprinting for Plant Identification" (PDF).

jcpc.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Judgment In the matter of the Baronetcy of Pringle of Stichill" (PDF). 20 June 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.

kriminalistika.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Jedlička M. "Milan Lubas – a sex aggressor and murderer". Translated by Vršovský P. Kriminalistika.eu. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.

latimes.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 19^th place)

latimes.com

Felch J, et al. (20 July 2008). "FBI resists scrutiny of 'matches'". Los Angeles Times. pp. P8. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2010.

latimesblogs.latimes.com

Dolan M (15 March 2011). "Familial DNA Search Used In Grim Sleeper Case Leads to Arrest of Santa Cruz Sex Offender". LA Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.

lifeloom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sekar S. "Lynette White Case: How Forensics Caught the Cellophane Man". Lifeloom.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

livingdna.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Living DNA provide closure on lifetime search for biological father". Living DNA. 19 March 2018. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.

michiganlawreview.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Murphy EA (2009). "Relative Doubt: Familial Searches of DNA Databases" (PDF). Michigan Law Review. 109: 291–348. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2010.

nap.edu (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,553^rd place)

National Research Council (US) Committee on DNA Forensic Science: An Update (1996). The evaluation of forensic DNA evidence. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Bibcode:1996nap..book.5141N. doi:10.17226/5141. ISBN 978-0309053952. PMID 25121324. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008.

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 744^th place; English: 547^th place)

webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

"Human Tissue Act 2004". UK. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2017.

ncjrs.gov (Global: 6,037^th place; English: 3,633^rd place)

Samuels JE, Davies EH, Pope DB (June 2013). Collecting DNA at Arrest: Policies, Practices, and Implications (PDF). Justice Policy Center (Report). Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2015.

ncsl.org (Global: 6,017^th place; English: 3,563^rd place)

"Forensic Science Database: Search By State". NCSL.org. Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2019.

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

Bhattacharya S (20 April 2004). "Killer convicted thanks to relative's DNA". Daily News. New Scientist. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2011.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chambers GK, Curtis C, Millar CD, Huynen L, Lambert DM (February 2014). "DNA fingerprinting in zoology: past, present, future". Investigative Genetics. 5 (1) 3. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-5-3. PMC 3909909. PMID 24490906.
Wickenheiser, Ray A. (12 July 2019). "Forensic genealogy, bioethics and the Golden State Killer case". Forensic Science International. Synergy. 1: 114–125. doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.07.003. PMC 7219171. PMID 32411963.
Tautz D (1989). "Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers". Nucleic Acids Research. 17 (16): 6463–6471. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6463. PMC 318341. PMID 2780284.
Jeffreys AJ (November 2013). "The man behind the DNA fingerprints: an interview with Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys". Investigative Genetics. 4 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-4-21. PMC 3831583. PMID 24245655.
Rana, Ajay K (August 2025). "Challenging biological samples and strategies for DNA extraction". Journal of Investigative Medicine. 73 (6): 443–459. doi:10.1177/10815589251327503. PMID 40033560.
Ravikumar D, Gurunathan D, Gayathri R, Priya VV, Geetha RV (1 January 2018). "DNA profiling of Streptococcus mutans in children with and without black tooth stains: A polymerase chain reaction analysis". Dental Research Journal. 15 (5): 334–339. doi:10.4103/1735-3327.240472. PMC 6134728. PMID 30233653.
Bieber FR, Buckleton JS, Budowle B, Butler JM, Coble MD (August 2016). "Evaluation of forensic DNA mixture evidence: protocol for evaluation, interpretation, and statistical calculations using the combined probability of inclusion". BMC Genetics. 17 (1) 125. doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0429-7. PMC 5007818. PMID 27580588.
Gittelson, S; Steffen, CR; Coble, MD (July 2016). "Low-template DNA: A single DNA analysis or two replicates?". Forensic Science International. 264: 139–45. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.012. PMC 5225751. PMID 27131143.
Coble MD, Butler JM (January 2005). "Characterization of new miniSTR loci to aid analysis of degraded DNA". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 50 (1): 43–53. doi:10.1520/JFS2004216. PMID 15830996.
Whitaker JP, Clayton TM, Urquhart AJ, Millican ES, Downes TJ, Kimpton CP, Gill P (April 1995). "Short tandem repeat typing of bodies from a mass disaster: high success rate and characteristic amplification patterns in highly degraded samples". BioTechniques. 18 (4): 670–677. PMID 7598902.
Weir BS, Triggs CM, Starling L, Stowell LI, Walsh KA, Buckleton J (March 1997). "Interpreting DNA mixtures". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 42 (2): 213–222. doi:10.1520/JFS14100J. PMID 9068179.
Miller KW, Dawson JL, Hagelberg E (1996). "A concordance of nucleotide substitutions in the first and second hypervariable segments of the human mtDNA control region". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 109 (3): 107–113. doi:10.1007/bf01369668. PMID 8956982.
Curtis C, Hereward J, Mangelsdorf M, Hussey K, Devereux J (July 2019). "Protecting trust in medical genetics in the new era of forensics" (PDF). Genetics in Medicine. 21 (7): 1483–1485. doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0396-7. PMC 6752261. PMID 30559376. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Jiang, Bin; Zhao, Yikun; Yi, Hongmei; Huo, Yongxue; Wu, Haotian; Ren, Jie; Ge, Jianrong; Zhao, Jiuran; Wang, Fengge (30 March 2020). "PIDS: A User-Friendly Plant DNA Fingerprint Database Management System". Genes. 11 (4): 373. doi:10.3390/genes11040373. PMC 7230844. PMID 32235513.
National Research Council (US) Committee on DNA Forensic Science: An Update (1996). The evaluation of forensic DNA evidence. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Bibcode:1996nap..book.5141N. doi:10.17226/5141. ISBN 978-0309053952. PMID 25121324. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008.
Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (November 2000). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Research. 10 (11): 1788–1795. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
Bieber FR, Brenner CH, Lazer D (June 2006). "Human genetics. Finding criminals through DNA of their relatives". Science. 312 (5778): 1315–1316. doi:10.1126/science.1122655. PMID 16690817.
Greely, Henry T.; Riordan, Daniel P.; Garrison, Nanibaa' A.; Mountain, Joanna L. (2006). "Family Ties: The Use of DNA Offender Databases to Catch Offenders' Kin". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 34 (2): 248–262. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2006.00031.x. PMID 16789947.
Frumkin D, Wasserstrom A, Davidson A, Grafit A (February 2010). "Authentication of forensic DNA samples". Forensic Science International. Genetics. 4 (2): 95–103. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.179.2718. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.06.009. PMID 20129467. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
Patel, Sahishnu; Jung, Dongju; Yin, Perry T.; Carlton, Peter; Yamamoto, Makoto; Bando, Toshikazu; Sugiyama, Hiroshi; Lee, Ki-Bum (20 August 2014). "NanoScript: A Nanoparticle-Based Artificial Transcription Factor for Effective Gene Regulation". ACS Nano. 8 (9): 8959–8967. Bibcode:2014ACSNa...8.8959P. doi:10.1021/nn501589f. PMC 4174092. PMID 25133310.
Qi, Hao; Huang, Guoyou; Han, Yulong; Zhang, Xiaohui; Li, Yuhui; Pingguan-Murphy, Belinda; Lu, Tian Jian; Xu, Feng; Wang, Lin (1 June 2015). "Engineering Artificial Machines from Designable DNA Materials for Biomedical Applications". Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews. 21 (3): 288–297. doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0494. PMC 4442581. PMID 25547514.
Gill P, Ivanov PL, Kimpton C, Piercy R, Benson N, Tully G, et al. (February 1994). "Identification of the remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis". Nature Genetics. 6 (2): 130–135. Bibcode:1994NaGen...6..130G. doi:10.1038/ng0294-130. PMID 8162066.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chambers GK, Curtis C, Millar CD, Huynen L, Lambert DM (February 2014). "DNA fingerprinting in zoology: past, present, future". Investigative Genetics. 5 (1) 3. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-5-3. PMC 3909909. PMID 24490906.
Wickenheiser, Ray A. (12 July 2019). "Forensic genealogy, bioethics and the Golden State Killer case". Forensic Science International. Synergy. 1: 114–125. doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.07.003. PMC 7219171. PMID 32411963.
Tautz D (1989). "Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers". Nucleic Acids Research. 17 (16): 6463–6471. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6463. PMC 318341. PMID 2780284.
Jeffreys AJ (November 2013). "The man behind the DNA fingerprints: an interview with Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys". Investigative Genetics. 4 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-4-21. PMC 3831583. PMID 24245655.
Ravikumar D, Gurunathan D, Gayathri R, Priya VV, Geetha RV (1 January 2018). "DNA profiling of Streptococcus mutans in children with and without black tooth stains: A polymerase chain reaction analysis". Dental Research Journal. 15 (5): 334–339. doi:10.4103/1735-3327.240472. PMC 6134728. PMID 30233653.
Bieber FR, Buckleton JS, Budowle B, Butler JM, Coble MD (August 2016). "Evaluation of forensic DNA mixture evidence: protocol for evaluation, interpretation, and statistical calculations using the combined probability of inclusion". BMC Genetics. 17 (1) 125. doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0429-7. PMC 5007818. PMID 27580588.
Gittelson, S; Steffen, CR; Coble, MD (July 2016). "Low-template DNA: A single DNA analysis or two replicates?". Forensic Science International. 264: 139–45. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.012. PMC 5225751. PMID 27131143.
Curtis C, Hereward J, Mangelsdorf M, Hussey K, Devereux J (July 2019). "Protecting trust in medical genetics in the new era of forensics" (PDF). Genetics in Medicine. 21 (7): 1483–1485. doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0396-7. PMC 6752261. PMID 30559376. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Jiang, Bin; Zhao, Yikun; Yi, Hongmei; Huo, Yongxue; Wu, Haotian; Ren, Jie; Ge, Jianrong; Zhao, Jiuran; Wang, Fengge (30 March 2020). "PIDS: A User-Friendly Plant DNA Fingerprint Database Management System". Genes. 11 (4): 373. doi:10.3390/genes11040373. PMC 7230844. PMID 32235513.
Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (November 2000). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Research. 10 (11): 1788–1795. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
Patel, Sahishnu; Jung, Dongju; Yin, Perry T.; Carlton, Peter; Yamamoto, Makoto; Bando, Toshikazu; Sugiyama, Hiroshi; Lee, Ki-Bum (20 August 2014). "NanoScript: A Nanoparticle-Based Artificial Transcription Factor for Effective Gene Regulation". ACS Nano. 8 (9): 8959–8967. Bibcode:2014ACSNa...8.8959P. doi:10.1021/nn501589f. PMC 4174092. PMID 25133310.
Qi, Hao; Huang, Guoyou; Han, Yulong; Zhang, Xiaohui; Li, Yuhui; Pingguan-Murphy, Belinda; Lu, Tian Jian; Xu, Feng; Wang, Lin (1 June 2015). "Engineering Artificial Machines from Designable DNA Materials for Biomedical Applications". Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews. 21 (3): 288–297. doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0494. PMC 4442581. PMID 25547514.

nist.gov (Global: 355^th place; English: 454^th place)

strbase.nist.gov

"Tri-Allelic Patterns". strbase.nist.gov. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Steinhaur J (9 July 2010). "Grim Sleeper' Arrest Fans Debate on DNA Use". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Harmon A (3 April 2008). "Lawyers Fight DNA Samples Gained on Sly". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021.
Pollack A (18 August 2009). "DNA Evidence Can Be Fabricated, Scientists Show". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2010.

ornl.gov (Global: 5,534^th place; English: 4,538^th place)

"DNA Forensics: Angiosperm Witness for the Prosecution". Human Genome Project. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

"frontline: the case for innocence: the dna revolution: state and federal dna database laws examined". Pbs.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

proquest.com (Global: 206^th place; English: 124^th place)

Marks, Kathy (June 2009). "New DNA Technology for Cold Cases". Law & Order. 57 (6): 36–38, 40–41, 43. ProQuest 1074789441.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu

Kaye, David H (2013). "The Genealogy Detectives: A Constitutional Analysis of 'Familial Searching'". American Criminal Law Review. 51 (1): 109–163. SSRN 2043091.

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Frumkin D, Wasserstrom A, Davidson A, Grafit A (February 2010). "Authentication of forensic DNA samples". Forensic Science International. Genetics. 4 (2): 95–103. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.179.2718. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.06.009. PMID 20129467. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Image by Mikael Häggström, using following source image: Figure 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International", from the following article:
Sitnik, Roberta; Torres, Margareth Afonso; Strachman Bacal, Nydia; Pinho, João Renato Rebello (2006). "Using PCR for molecular monitoring of post-transplantation chimerism". Einstein (Sao Paulo). 4 (2). S2CID 204763685.
"Plant DNA fingerprinting: an overview".

rozhlas.cz (Global: 1,783^rd place; English: low place)

dvojka.rozhlas.cz

"Jak usvědčit vraha omilostněného prezidentem?" (in Czech). Czech Radio. 29 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Image by Mikael Häggström, using following source image: Figure 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International", from the following article:
Sitnik, Roberta; Torres, Margareth Afonso; Strachman Bacal, Nydia; Pinho, João Renato Rebello (2006). "Using PCR for molecular monitoring of post-transplantation chimerism". Einstein (Sao Paulo). 4 (2). S2CID 204763685.

signonsandiego.com (Global: 2,298^th place; English: 1,409^th place)

Christoffersen J, Barakat M. "Other victims of East Coast Rapist suspect sought". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

papers.ssrn.com

Kaye, David H (2013). "The Genealogy Detectives: A Constitutional Analysis of 'Familial Searching'". American Criminal Law Review. 51 (1): 109–163. SSRN 2043091.

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; English: 183^rd place)

law.stanford.edu

Dolan M. "A New Track in DNA Search" (PDF). LA Times. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2011.

supremecourt.gov (Global: 3,811^th place; English: 2,160^th place)

"Supreme Court of the United States – Syllabus: Maryland v. King, Certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Maryland" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; English: 24^th place)

Dutter B (19 June 2001). "18 years on, man is jailed for murder of Briton in 'paradise'". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
Steele (23 June 2001). "Hanratty lawyers reject DNA 'guilt'". Daily Telegraph. London, UK. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018.

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

Zhang S (17 April 2018). "How a Genealogy Website Led to the Alleged Golden State Killer". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

Curtis C, Hereward J (29 August 2017). "From the crime scene to the courtroom: the journey of a DNA sample". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2017.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

"Eureka moment that led to the discovery of DNA fingerprinting". The Guardian. 24 May 2009. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
Walsh NP (27 January 2002). "False result fear over DNA tests". The Observer. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021.
Jeffries S (8 October 2006). "Suspect Nation". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2010.

thermofisher.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Organic Extraction Method - US". www.thermofisher.com. Retrieved 7 August 2025.

thomsonreuters.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

store.thomsonreuters.ca

Goos L, Rose JD. DNA: A Practical Guide. Toronto: Carswell Publications. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 241^st place; English: 193^rd place)

Booth J. "Police name David Lace as true killer of Teresa De Simone". The Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2015.

txtwriter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Gene Technology". Txtwriter.com. 6 November 1987. p. 14. Archived from the original on 27 November 2002. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

umich.edu (Global: 459^th place; English: 360^th place)

law.umich.edu

"Frank Lee Smith". The University of Michigan Law School, National Registry of Exonerations. June 2012. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
"Dennis Halstead". The National Registry of Exonerations, University of Michigan Law School. 18 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.

upi.com (Global: 290^th place; English: 202^nd place)

"U.S. Supreme Court allows DNA sampling of prisoners". UPI. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2013.

uq.edu.au (Global: 3,558^th place; English: 2,403^rd place)

espace.library.uq.edu.au

Curtis C, Hereward J, Mangelsdorf M, Hussey K, Devereux J (July 2019). "Protecting trust in medical genetics in the new era of forensics" (PDF). Genetics in Medicine. 21 (7): 1483–1485. doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0396-7. PMC 6752261. PMID 30559376. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2019.

usatoday.com (Global: 41^st place; English: 34^th place)

Breed AG (5 May 2004). "DNA clears man of 1914 kidnapping conviction". USA Today. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012.

uscourts.gov (Global: 2,275^th place; English: 1,288^th place)

ca9.uscourts.gov

"US v. Pool" (PDF). Pool 621F .3d 1213. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2011.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

Helderman R. "McDonnell Approves Familial DNA for VA Crime Fighting". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
"Who Was She? A DNA Test Opened Up New Mysteries". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 June 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Eureka moment that led to the discovery of DNA fingerprinting". The Guardian. 24 May 2009. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
"DNA pioneer's 'eureka' momen". BBC. 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
"Use of DNA in Identification". Accessexcellence.org. Archived from the original on 26 April 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Curtis C, Hereward J (29 August 2017). "From the crime scene to the courtroom: the journey of a DNA sample". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
Felch J, et al. (20 July 2008). "FBI resists scrutiny of 'matches'". Los Angeles Times. pp. P8. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
"Y haplotype reference database". Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
"Tri-Allelic Patterns". strbase.nist.gov. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
Indiana State Police Laboratory. "Introduction to STRmix and Likelifood Ratios" (PDF). In.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
"DNA fingerprinting in Agricultural Genetics Programs". Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
Miller K. "Mitochondrial DNA Concordance". University of Cambridge – Biological Anthropology. Archived from the original on 22 January 2003.
"CODIS – National DNA Index System". Fbi.gov. Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"Restrictions on use and destruction of fingerprints and samples". Wikicrimeline.co.uk. 1 September 2009. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
Curtis C, Hereward J, Mangelsdorf M, Hussey K, Devereux J (July 2019). "Protecting trust in medical genetics in the new era of forensics" (PDF). Genetics in Medicine. 21 (7): 1483–1485. doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0396-7. PMC 6752261. PMID 30559376. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Price-Livingston S (5 June 2003). "DNA Testing Provisions in Patriot Act". Connecticut General Assembly. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
Goos L, Rose JD. DNA: A Practical Guide. Toronto: Carswell Publications. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
"Congress OKs bill to cut rape evidence backlog". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
Walsh NP (27 January 2002). "False result fear over DNA tests". The Observer. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021.
National Research Council (US) Committee on DNA Forensic Science: An Update (1996). The evaluation of forensic DNA evidence. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Bibcode:1996nap..book.5141N. doi:10.17226/5141. ISBN 978-0309053952. PMID 25121324. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008.
"Two Women Don't Match Their Kids' DNA". Abcnews.go.com. 15 August 2006. Archived from the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
Diamond D (12 April 2011). "Searching the Family DNA Tree to Solve Crime". HuffPost Denver (Blog). The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Staff. "Familial searches allows law enforcement to identify criminals through their family members". DNA Forensics. United Kingdom – A Pioneer in Familial Searches. Archived from the original on 7 November 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Bhattacharya S (20 April 2004). "Killer convicted thanks to relative's DNA". Daily News. New Scientist. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Pankratz H (17 April 2011). "Denver Uses 'Familial DNA Evidence' to Solve Car Break-Ins". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012.
Steinhaur J (9 July 2010). "Grim Sleeper' Arrest Fans Debate on DNA Use". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Dolan M. "A New Track in DNA Search" (PDF). LA Times. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
"New DNA Technique Led Police to 'Grim Sleeper' Serial Killer and Will 'Change Policing in America". ABC News. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020.
Dolan M (15 March 2011). "Familial DNA Search Used In Grim Sleeper Case Leads to Arrest of Santa Cruz Sex Offender". LA Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Helderman R. "McDonnell Approves Familial DNA for VA Crime Fighting". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Christoffersen J, Barakat M. "Other victims of East Coast Rapist suspect sought". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
Murphy EA (2009). "Relative Doubt: Familial Searches of DNA Databases" (PDF). Michigan Law Review. 109: 291–348. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2010.
Suter S (2010). "All in The Family: Privacy and DNA Familial Searching" (PDF). Harvard Journal of Law and Technology. 23: 328. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2011.
"US v. Pool" (PDF). Pool 621F .3d 1213. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2011.
"Finding Criminals Through DNA Testing of Their Relatives" Technical Bulletin, Chromosomal Laboratories, Inc. accessed 22 April 2011.
"Denver District Attorney DNA Resources". Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
"Darryl Hunt". The Innocence Project. Archived from the original on 28 August 2007.
Easteal PW, Easteal S (3 November 2017). "The forensic use of DNA profiling". Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
Harmon A (3 April 2008). "Lawyers Fight DNA Samples Gained on Sly". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021.
"U.S. Supreme Court allows DNA sampling of prisoners". UPI. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
"Supreme Court of the United States – Syllabus: Maryland v. King, Certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Maryland" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
Samuels JE, Davies EH, Pope DB (June 2013). Collecting DNA at Arrest: Policies, Practices, and Implications (PDF). Justice Policy Center (Report). Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2015.
"WikiCrimeLine DNA profiling". Wikicrimeline.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"Genelex: The DNA Paternity Testing Site". Healthanddna.com. 6 January 1996. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"Forensic Science Database: Search By State". NCSL.org. Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Pollack A (18 August 2009). "DNA Evidence Can Be Fabricated, Scientists Show". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
Frumkin D, Wasserstrom A, Davidson A, Grafit A (February 2010). "Authentication of forensic DNA samples". Forensic Science International. Genetics. 4 (2): 95–103. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.179.2718. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.06.009. PMID 20129467. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"DNA pioneer's 'eureka' moment". BBC News. 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
"Gene Technology". Txtwriter.com. 6 November 1987. p. 14. Archived from the original on 27 November 2002. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"frontline: the case for innocence: the dna revolution: state and federal dna database laws examined". Pbs.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"Jak usvědčit vraha omilostněného prezidentem?" (in Czech). Czech Radio. 29 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
Jedlička M. "Milan Lubas – a sex aggressor and murderer". Translated by Vršovský P. Kriminalistika.eu. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
"Court of Appeals of Arizona: Denial of Bogan's motion to reverse his conviction and sentence" (PDF). Denver DA: www.denverda.org. 11 April 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
"DNA Forensics: Angiosperm Witness for the Prosecution". Human Genome Project. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
"Crime Scene Botanicals". Botanical Society of America. Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
Murnaghan I (28 December 2012). "Famous Trials and DNA Testing; Earl Washington Jr". Explore DNA. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
Jeffries S (8 October 2006). "Suspect Nation". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
"Frank Lee Smith". The University of Michigan Law School, National Registry of Exonerations. June 2012. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
Stephen G (17 February 2008). "Freedom in bag for killer Graham?". Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
Dutter B (19 June 2001). "18 years on, man is jailed for murder of Briton in 'paradise'". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
McCutcheon P (8 September 2004). "DNA evidence may not be infallible: experts". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
Steele (23 June 2001). "Hanratty lawyers reject DNA 'guilt'". Daily Telegraph. London, UK. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018.
"Hanratty: The damning DNA". BBC News. 10 May 2002. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
"Mistaken identity claim over murder". BBC News. 15 February 2003. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
Sekar S. "Lynette White Case: How Forensics Caught the Cellophane Man". Lifeloom.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"Dennis Halstead". The National Registry of Exonerations, University of Michigan Law School. 18 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
Breed AG (5 May 2004). "DNA clears man of 1914 kidnapping conviction". USA Today. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012.
"Jane Mixer murder case". CBS News. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
"challenging Leiterman's conviction in the Mixer murder". www.garyisinnocent.org. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016.
Doughery P. "D.B. Tuber". History Link. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
Booth J. "Police name David Lace as true killer of Teresa De Simone". The Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
"Who Was She? A DNA Test Opened Up New Mysteries". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 June 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
"I thought I was Irish – until I did a DNA test". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
"Who were my parents – and why was I left on a hillside to die?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
"Living DNA provide closure on lifetime search for biological father". Living DNA. 19 March 2018. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
""Buckskin Girl" case: DNA breakthrough leads to ID of 1981 murder victim". CBS News. 12 April 2018. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
Zhang S (17 April 2018). "How a Genealogy Website Led to the Alleged Golden State Killer". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
Michaeli Y (16 November 2018). "To Solve Cold Cases, All It Takes Is Crime Scene DNA, a Genealogy Site and High-speed Internet". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
"Judgment In the matter of the Baronetcy of Pringle of Stichill" (PDF). 20 June 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.

wikicrimeline.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Restrictions on use and destruction of fingerprints and samples". Wikicrimeline.co.uk. 1 September 2009. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
"WikiCrimeLine DNA profiling". Wikicrimeline.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Butler JM (2005). Forensic DNA typing: biology, technology, and genetics of STR markers (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 978-0080470610. OCLC 123448124.^{[page needed]}
Rahman, Md Tahminur; Uddin, Muhammed Salah; Sultana, Razia; Moue, Arumina; Setu, Muntahina (6 February 2013). "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A Short Review". Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal. 4 (1): 30–36. doi:10.3329/akmmcj.v4i1.13682. ISSN 2304-5701.

yhrd.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Y haplotype reference database". Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2020.

DNA profiling (English Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 139th place; English: 108th place)

accessexcellence.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

aic.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

ap.org (Global: 1,596th place; English: 964th place)

hosted.ap.org

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

bailii.org (Global: 3,544th place; English: 1,912th place)

banglajol.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

bbc.co.uk

belfasttelegraph.co.uk (Global: 915th place; English: 566th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 580th place; English: 462nd place)

law.berkeley.edu

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

botany.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670th place; English: 480th place)

bioanth.cam.ac.uk

cbsnews.com (Global: 108th place; English: 80th place)

ct.gov (Global: 3,566th place; English: 1,985th place)

cga.ct.gov

denverda.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

denverpost.com (Global: 770th place; English: 472nd place)

dh.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

dnaforensics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.google.com (Global: 1,047th place; English: 1,015th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 800th place; English: 676th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

exploredna.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

fbi.gov (Global: 881st place; English: 611th place)

frontlinegenomics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fsigenetics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

go.com (Global: 48th place; English: 39th place)

abcnews.go.com

haaretz.com (Global: 497th place; English: 371st place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

jolt.law.harvard.edu

healthanddna.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

historylink.org (Global: 2,919th place; English: 1,805th place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

iastate.edu (Global: 2,548th place; English: 1,587th place)

biotech.iastate.edu

ieee.org (Global: 652nd place; English: 515th place)

spectrum.ieee.org

in.gov (Global: 3,146th place; English: 1,695th place)

innocenceproject.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

irishtimes.com (Global: 266th place; English: 182nd place)

jairjp.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jcpc.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

kriminalistika.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

latimes.com (Global: 22nd place; English: 19th place)

latimes.com

latimesblogs.latimes.com

lifeloom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

livingdna.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

michiganlawreview.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,128th place; English: 1,553rd place)

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 744th place; English: 547th place)

webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

ncjrs.gov (Global: 6,037th place; English: 3,633rd place)

ncsl.org (Global: 6,017th place; English: 3,563rd place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774th place; English: 716th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nist.gov (Global: 355th place; English: 454th place)

strbase.nist.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

ornl.gov (Global: 5,534th place; English: 4,538th place)

pbs.org (Global: 198th place; English: 154th place)

proquest.com (Global: 206th place; English: 124th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207th place; English: 136th place)

insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

researchgate.net (Global: 120th place; English: 125th place)

rozhlas.cz (Global: 1,783rd place; English: low place)

dvojka.rozhlas.cz

abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; English: 108^th place)

ap.org (Global: 1,596^th place; English: 964^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

bailii.org (Global: 3,544^th place; English: 1,912^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

belfasttelegraph.co.uk (Global: 915^th place; English: 566^th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; English: 462^nd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670^th place; English: 480^th place)

cbsnews.com (Global: 108^th place; English: 80^th place)

ct.gov (Global: 3,566^th place; English: 1,985^th place)

denverpost.com (Global: 770^th place; English: 472^nd place)

docs.google.com (Global: 1,047^th place; English: 1,015^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 800^th place; English: 676^th place)

fbi.gov (Global: 881^st place; English: 611^th place)

go.com (Global: 48^th place; English: 39^th place)

haaretz.com (Global: 497^th place; English: 371^st place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

historylink.org (Global: 2,919^th place; English: 1,805^th place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

iastate.edu (Global: 2,548^th place; English: 1,587^th place)

ieee.org (Global: 652^nd place; English: 515^th place)

in.gov (Global: 3,146^th place; English: 1,695^th place)

irishtimes.com (Global: 266^th place; English: 182^nd place)

latimes.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 19^th place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,553^rd place)

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 744^th place; English: 547^th place)

ncjrs.gov (Global: 6,037^th place; English: 3,633^rd place)

ncsl.org (Global: 6,017^th place; English: 3,563^rd place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

nist.gov (Global: 355^th place; English: 454^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ornl.gov (Global: 5,534^th place; English: 4,538^th place)

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

proquest.com (Global: 206^th place; English: 124^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

rozhlas.cz (Global: 1,783^rd place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

signonsandiego.com (Global: 2,298^th place; English: 1,409^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; English: 183^rd place)

supremecourt.gov (Global: 3,811^th place; English: 2,160^th place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; English: 24^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 241^st place; English: 193^rd place)

umich.edu (Global: 459^th place; English: 360^th place)

upi.com (Global: 290^th place; English: 202^nd place)

uq.edu.au (Global: 3,558^th place; English: 2,403^rd place)

usatoday.com (Global: 41^st place; English: 34^th place)

uscourts.gov (Global: 2,275^th place; English: 1,288^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)