Database (English Wikipedia)

Chapple 2005. Chapple, Mike (2005). "SQL Fundamentals". Databases. About.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2009.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Ullman & Widom 1997, p. 1. Ullman, Jeffrey; Widom, Jennifer (1997). A First Course in Database Systems. Prentice–Hall. ISBN 978-0138613372.
Tsitchizris & Lochovsky 1982. Tsitchizris, Dionysios C.; Lochovsky, Fred H. (1982). Data Models. Prentice–Hall. ISBN 978-0131964280.
Date 2003, pp. 31–32. Date, C. J. (2003). An Introduction to Database Systems (8th ed.). Pearson. ISBN 978-0321197849.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

archive.computerhistory.org

"RDBMS Plenary 1: Early Years" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Burton Grad. Computer History Museum. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
"RDBMS Plenary Session: The Later Years" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Burton Grad. Computer History Museum. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 30 May 2025.

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,383^rd place; English: 954^th place)

Ramalho, J.C.; Faria, L.; Helder, S.; Coutada, M. (31 December 2013). "Database Preservation Toolkit: A flexible tool to normalize and give access to databases". Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal. University of Minho.

docs.google.com (Global: 877^th place; English: 850^th place)

Hershey & Easthope 1972. Hershey, William; Easthope, Carol (1972). A set theoretic data structure and retrieval language. Spring Joint Computer Conference, May 1972. ACM SIGIR Forum. Vol. 7, no. 4. pp. 45–55. doi:10.1145/1095495.1095500.
M.A. Kahn; D.L. Rumelhart; B.L. Bronson (October 1977). MICRO Information Management System (Version 5.0) Reference Manual. Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations (ILIR), University of Michigan and Wayne State University.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Bachman 1973. Bachman, Charles W. (1973). "The Programmer as Navigator". Communications of the ACM. 16 (11): 653–658. doi:10.1145/355611.362534.
Codd 1970. Codd, Edgar F. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 13 (6): 377–387. doi:10.1145/362384.362685. S2CID 207549016.
Hershey & Easthope 1972. Hershey, William; Easthope, Carol (1972). A set theoretic data structure and retrieval language. Spring Joint Computer Conference, May 1972. ACM SIGIR Forum. Vol. 7, no. 4. pp. 45–55. doi:10.1145/1095495.1095500.
Paiho, Satu; Tuominen, Pekka; Rökman, Jyri; Ylikerälä, Markus; Pajula, Juha; Siikavirta, Hanne (2022). "Opportunities of collected city data for smart cities". IET Smart Cities. 4 (4): 275–291. doi:10.1049/smc2.12044. ISSN 2631-7680. S2CID 253467923.
Halder & Cortesi 2011. Halder, Raju; Cortesi, Agostino (2011). "Abstract Interpretation of Database Query Languages" (PDF). Computer Languages, Systems & Structures. 38 (2): 123–157. doi:10.1016/j.cl.2011.10.004. ISSN 1477-8424. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2015.

drdobbs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

North 2010. North, Ken (10 March 2010). "Sets, Data Models and Data Independence". Dr. Dobb's. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.

embedded-computing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Graves, Steve. "COTS Databases For Embedded Systems" Archived 14 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Embedded Computing Design magazine, January 2007. Retrieved on 13 August 2008.

foxprohistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Interview with Wayne Ratliff. The FoxPro History. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

www-01.ibm.com

IBM Corporation (October 2013). "IBM Information Management System (IMS) 13 Transaction and Database Servers delivers high performance and low total cost of ownership". Retrieved 20 February 2014.

ibm.com

"What Is Structured Query Language (SQL)?". IBM. Retrieved 18 March 2026. In the 1970s, IBM scientists Donald Chamberlin and Raymond Boyce developed and introduced SQL. It originated from the concept of relational models and was initially called structured English query language (SEQUEL) before being shortened to SQL.

publib.boulder.ibm.com

"Structured Query Language (SQL)". International Business Machines. 27 October 2006. Retrieved 10 June 2007.

ibmpressbooks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chong et al. 2007. Chong, Raul F.; Wang, Xiaomei; Dang, Michael; Snow, Dwaine R. (2007). "Introduction to DB2". Understanding DB2: Learning Visually with Examples (2nd ed.). IBM Press Pearson plc. ISBN 978-0131580183. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

infoq.com (Global: 9,906^th place; English: 7,884^th place)

Ben Linders (28 January 2016). "How Database Administration Fits into DevOps". Retrieved 15 April 2017.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Update Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024.
"Retrieval Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023.
"Administration Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023.

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

itl.nist.gov

itl.nist.gov (1993) Integration Definition for Information Modeling (IDEFIX) Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 21 December 1993.

obitko.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"OWL DL Semantics". Retrieved 10 December 2010.

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

"database, n". OED Online. Oxford University Press. June 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013. (Subscription required.)

oracle.com (Global: 2,532^nd place; English: 1,847^th place)

"Oracle 30th Anniversary Timeline" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

pypl.github.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

"TOPDB Top Database index". pypl.github.io.

scylladb.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Jordan, Meghan. "NoSQL Latency". ScyllaDB. Retrieved 9 June 2025.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Codd 1970. Codd, Edgar F. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 13 (6): 377–387. doi:10.1145/362384.362685. S2CID 207549016.
Paiho, Satu; Tuominen, Pekka; Rökman, Jyri; Ylikerälä, Markus; Pajula, Juha; Siikavirta, Hanne (2022). "Opportunities of collected city data for smart cities". IET Smart Cities. 4 (4): 275–291. doi:10.1049/smc2.12044. ISSN 2631-7680. S2CID 253467923.

techtarget.com (Global: 3,908^th place; English: 3,051^st place)

"NoSQL database types explained: Graph | TechTarget". Search Data Management. Retrieved 1 July 2026.

testgorilla.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SQL vs. NoSQL: Full comparison of features, differences, and more". www.testgorilla.com. Retrieved 9 June 2025.

umich.edu (Global: 429^th place; English: 307^th place)

deepblue.lib.umich.edu

Childs 1968a. Childs, David L. (1968a). Description of a set-theoretic data structure (PDF) (Technical report). CONCOMP (Research in Conversational Use of Computers) Project. University of Michigan. Technical Report 3.
Childs 1968b. Childs, David L. (1968b). Feasibility of a set-theoretic data structure: a general structure based on a reconstituted definition (PDF) (Technical report). CONCOMP (Research in Conversational Use of Computers) Project. University of Michigan. Technical Report 6.

unive.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

dsi.unive.it

Halder & Cortesi 2011. Halder, Raju; Cortesi, Agostino (2011). "Abstract Interpretation of Database Query Languages" (PDF). Computer Languages, Systems & Structures. 38 (2): 123–157. doi:10.1016/j.cl.2011.10.004. ISSN 1477-8424. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2015.

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

seas.upenn.edu

Codd 1970. Codd, Edgar F. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 13 (6): 377–387. doi:10.1145/362384.362685. S2CID 207549016.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Update Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024.
"Retrieval Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023.
"Administration Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023.
North 2010. North, Ken (10 March 2010). "Sets, Data Models and Data Independence". Dr. Dobb's. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.
"Oracle 30th Anniversary Timeline" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Graves, Steve. "COTS Databases For Embedded Systems" Archived 14 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Embedded Computing Design magazine, January 2007. Retrieved on 13 August 2008.
Chapple 2005. Chapple, Mike (2005). "SQL Fundamentals". Databases. About.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
Halder & Cortesi 2011. Halder, Raju; Cortesi, Agostino (2011). "Abstract Interpretation of Database Query Languages" (PDF). Computer Languages, Systems & Structures. 38 (2): 123–157. doi:10.1016/j.cl.2011.10.004. ISSN 1477-8424. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
itl.nist.gov (1993) Integration Definition for Information Modeling (IDEFIX) Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 21 December 1993.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Paiho, Satu; Tuominen, Pekka; Rökman, Jyri; Ylikerälä, Markus; Pajula, Juha; Siikavirta, Hanne (2022). "Opportunities of collected city data for smart cities". IET Smart Cities. 4 (4): 275–291. doi:10.1049/smc2.12044. ISSN 2631-7680. S2CID 253467923.
David Y. Chan; Victoria Chiu; Miklos A. Vasarhelyi (2018). Continuous auditing : theory and application (1st ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78743-413-4. OCLC 1029759767.
Halder & Cortesi 2011. Halder, Raju; Cortesi, Agostino (2011). "Abstract Interpretation of Database Query Languages" (PDF). Computer Languages, Systems & Structures. 38 (2): 123–157. doi:10.1016/j.cl.2011.10.004. ISSN 1477-8424. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2015.

Database (English Wikipedia)

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oracle.com (Global: 2,532^nd place; English: 1,847^th place)

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techtarget.com (Global: 3,908^th place; English: 3,051^st place)

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upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

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