On ritual description, Plutarch, and in general, see Markoe (2000), pp. 132–136 On Diodorus, see Schwartz, Houghton, Macchiarelli, Bondioli (2010), Skeletal remains..do not support on phrase "the act of laughing", see Decker (2001), p. 3Archived 15 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Codex Theodosianus9,24. Law text found in Pharr (2001), pp. 244–245 The full law was changed in context to the penalties just 20 years later by Constantine's son, Constantius II, for free citizens aiding and abetting in the abduction, to an unspecified "capital punishment". The full severity of the law was to be kept, however, for slaves. p. 245, ibidem
Osenbrüggen (1854), p. 21 For a similar, more modern assessment, as well as locating the incident to Hötzelsroda, see Dietze (1995)
Original account by investigating police officer Heinrich L. Hermann, Hermann (1818) Gustav Rudbrach's mentionRudbrach (1992), p. 247Precise moment of strangulationGräff (1834), p. 56Modern newspaper articleSpringer (2008), Das Letzte Feuer
Quotation from Ben-Menahem, Edrei, Hecht (2012), p. 111
Juvenal has an extended description of the tunica molesta, the punishment as meted out by Emperor Nero as contained in Tacitus matches the concept. See Pagán (2012), p. 53
Codex Theodosianus9,24. Law text found in Pharr (2001), pp. 244–245 The full law was changed in context to the penalties just 20 years later by Constantine's son, Constantius II, for free citizens aiding and abetting in the abduction, to an unspecified "capital punishment". The full severity of the law was to be kept, however, for slaves. p. 245, ibidem
On ritual description, Plutarch, and in general, see Markoe (2000), pp. 132–136 On Diodorus, see Schwartz, Houghton, Macchiarelli, Bondioli (2010), Skeletal remains..do not support on phrase "the act of laughing", see Decker (2001), p. 3Archived 15 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Generally accepting the tradition of child sacrifice, see Markoe (2000), pp. 132–136Generally skeptical, see Schwartz, Houghton, Macchiarelli, Bondioli (2010), Skeletal remains..do not support
Julius Caesar, McDevitt, Bohn (1851) On penalty for conspiracy, p. 4On criminals in large wicker frames, p. 149On funeral human sacrifice, pp. 150–151
This case, and a number of others in Pluskowski (2013), pp.77–78
Stillman, Zucker (1993) On the Río de la Plata incident, see Matilde Gini de Barnatan, p. 144, on Mexico City incident, see Eva Alexandra Uchmany, p. 128
As late as in 1730 Posen, a church robber had his right hand cut off, and the stump covered in pitch. Then, the pitch was ignited, and the person was burnt alive on a pyre as well. Oehlschlaeger (1866), p. 55
Contemporary description of the burning at Ile-des-Javiaux in Barber (1993), p. 241
Reconstruction of Joan of Arc's death scene in Mooney, Patterson (2002), pp. 1–2 excerpt from Mooney (1919)
Description of John Frith's death in Foxe, Townsend, Cattley (1838), p. 15
A perfunctory official notice of the manner of his death 17 February 1600, is contained in Rowland (2009), p. 10
Apparently, Grenadier had been promised to be strangled prior to his burning, but his executioners reneged on that promise as he was fastened to the stake. See modern monographRapley (2001), in particular pp. 195–198, for a classic description, see Alexandre Dumas on the execution details in Dumas (1843), pp. 424–426
Alan Wood describes Avvakum's execution as follows: Avvakum and three fellow prisoners were led from their icy cells to an elaborate pyre of pinewood billets and there burned alive. The tsar had finally rid himself of "this turbulent priest", Wood (2011), p. 44
Story of flight in contemporary chronicle Gilbert (2012), p. cxxxiv
Last name "Mothas" used in extended account in Bischoff, Hitzig (1832), real name "Thomas" given in Herden (2005), p. 89
On the manner of execution according to the original account, see Bischoff, Hitzig (1832), p. 178 Contemporary newspaper notice, Hübner (1804), p. 760, column 2
Original account by investigating police officer Heinrich L. Hermann, Hermann (1818) Gustav Rudbrach's mentionRudbrach (1992), p. 247Precise moment of strangulationGräff (1834), p. 56Modern newspaper articleSpringer (2008), Das Letzte Feuer
Saunders (2001), p. 57 According to the 13th-century historian al-Nasawi, the governor Inal Khan (who had assassinated the Mongol ambassadors and thus given Genghis Khan cause to invade), had the molten gold poured into his eyes and ears, rather than down his throat. Cameron, Sela (2010), p. 128
Crawford regards the Hulagu story as a legend Crawford (2003), p. 149
For Yang's full discussion back and forth, see Yang, Sarkar, Sarkar (2008), pp. 21–23
These statistics are further researched and discussed by other scholars, for their reliability (in particular, objections to that) and representation, see For detailed official statistical information 1815–1829,Yang, Sarkar, Sarkar (2008), pp. 23–25 see pages 24 and 25 in particular, history behind them, p. 23
For notice of estimate of last time, see Schulte Nordholt (2010), pp. 211–212, footnote 56 For estimate of restriction to royal widows, see Wiener (1995), p. 267
Mitcham, Samuel W. (2009). Defenders of Fortress Europe: The Untold Story of the German Officers During the Allied Invasion. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 66. ISBN978-1597972741.
Maxeiner, H. (1988). "[Hemorrhage of the head and neck in death by burning]". Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin. Journal of Legal Medicine. 101 (2): 61–80. doi:10.1007/BF00200288. PMID3055743. S2CID42121516.
Shakuntala Rao Shastri, Women in the Sacred Laws – the later law books (1960), also reproduced online at [2]Archived 8 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Maxeiner, H. (1988). "[Hemorrhage of the head and neck in death by burning]". Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin. Journal of Legal Medicine. 101 (2): 61–80. doi:10.1007/BF00200288. PMID3055743. S2CID42121516.
On ritual description, Plutarch, and in general, see Markoe (2000), pp. 132–136 On Diodorus, see Schwartz, Houghton, Macchiarelli, Bondioli (2010), Skeletal remains..do not support on phrase "the act of laughing", see Decker (2001), p. 3Archived 15 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Generally accepting the tradition of child sacrifice, see Markoe (2000), pp. 132–136Generally skeptical, see Schwartz, Houghton, Macchiarelli, Bondioli (2010), Skeletal remains..do not support
Detailed description of Servetus' death at Kurth (2002) Out of the Flames
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
Maxeiner, H. (1988). "[Hemorrhage of the head and neck in death by burning]". Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin. Journal of Legal Medicine. 101 (2): 61–80. doi:10.1007/BF00200288. PMID3055743. S2CID42121516.
On ritual description, Plutarch, and in general, see Markoe (2000), pp. 132–136 On Diodorus, see Schwartz, Houghton, Macchiarelli, Bondioli (2010), Skeletal remains..do not support on phrase "the act of laughing", see Decker (2001), p. 3Archived 15 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
According to eyewitness Alexander Ales, Hamilton entered the pyre at noon, and died after six hours burning, see Tjernagel (1974, web reprint), p. 6Archived 7 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
Shakuntala Rao Shastri, Women in the Sacred Laws – the later law books (1960), also reproduced online at [2]Archived 8 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Original account by investigating police officer Heinrich L. Hermann, Hermann (1818) Gustav Rudbrach's mentionRudbrach (1992), p. 247Precise moment of strangulationGräff (1834), p. 56Modern newspaper articleSpringer (2008), Das Letzte Feuer
According to eyewitness Alexander Ales, Hamilton entered the pyre at noon, and died after six hours burning, see Tjernagel (1974, web reprint), p. 6Archived 7 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
wordreference.com
"micro-ondas". WordReference. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
