Democratic backsliding (English Wikipedia)

Ozan O.Varol (23 August 2018). "Stealth Authoritarianism in Turkey". In Mark A. Graber; Sanford Levinson; Mark V. Tushnet (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. Oxford University Press. pp. 339–354. ISBN 978-0-19-088898-5. OCLC 1030444422. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Huntington, Samuel P. (2005). Democracy's Third Wave. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780806125169. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
Yaniv Roznai (2018). "Israel: A Crisis of Liberal Democracy?". In Mark A. Graber; Sanford Levinson; Mark V. Tushnet (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. Oxford University Press. pp. 355–376. ISBN 978-0-19-088898-5. OCLC 1030444422. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

brookings.edu

Williamson, Vanessa (2023). Understanding democratic decline in the United States brookings.edu.
Tamara Cofman Wittes and Yael Mizrahi-Arnaud (March 2019). Is Israel in democratic decline? (PDF) (Report). Brookings Institution. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

bti-project.org

"Global Dashboard". BTI 2022. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.

cambridge.org

Gunitsky, Seva (2021), Bartel, Fritz; Monteiro, Nuno P. (eds.), "Great Powers and the Spread of Autocracy Since the Cold War", Before and After the Fall: World Politics and the End of the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, pp. 225–243, doi:10.1017/9781108910194.014, ISBN 978-1-108-90677-7, S2CID 244851964, archived from the original on 11 January 2022, retrieved 17 December 2021
Malka, Ariel; Lelkes, Yphtach; Bakker, Bert N.; Spivack, Eliyahu (2020). "Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 808–827. doi:10.1017/S1537592720002091. ISSN 1537-5927. S2CID 225207244. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108957809. ISBN 9781108957809. S2CID 242013001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Marquardt, Kyle L.; Seim, Brigitte; Coppedge, Michael; Edgell, Amanda B.; Medzihorsky, Juraj; Pemstein, Daniel; Teorell, Jan; Gerring, John; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2024). "Conceptual and Measurement Issues in Assessing Democratic Backsliding". PS: Political Science & Politics. 57 (2): 162–177. doi:10.1017/S104909652300077X. ISSN 1049-0965.

carnegieendowment.org

Albert B. Wolf (27 May 2020). "The Dangers of Israel's New Coalition". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

carnegieeurope.eu

Lindberg, Staffan I. "The Nature of Democratic Backsliding in Europe". Carnegie Europe. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
"Georgia's Dangerous Slide Away From Democracy". Carnegie Europe. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.

civil.ge

"BREAKING: US State Department Implements First Tranche of Sanctions against Georgian Individuals". Civil.ge. 6 June 2024.

cnn.com

Mackintosh, Eliza (7 September 2021). "From Nobel laureate to global pariah: How the world got Abiy Ahmed and Ethiopia so wrong". CNN. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

corporateeurope.org

Staff (May 15, 2019) "Authoritarian right: Poland" Corporate European Observatory

demdigest.org

"How democratic backsliding happens". Democracy Digest. 21 February 2017. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2017.

democratic-erosion.com

"Democratic Erosion in India: A Case Study". www.democratic-erosion.com. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.

doi.org

Mietzner, Marcus (2021). "Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials". Democratization. 28 (1): 161–178. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1796649. S2CID 225475139.
Laebens, Melis G.; Lührmann, Anna (2021). "What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability". Democratization. 28 (5): 908–928. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.1897109. S2CID 234870008.
Daly, Tom Gerald (2019). "Democratic Decay: Conceptualising an Emerging Research Field". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 11: 9–36. doi:10.1007/s40803-019-00086-2. S2CID 159354232.
Huq, Aziz Z (2021). "How (not) to explain a democratic recession". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 19 (2): 723–737. doi:10.1093/icon/moab058.
Chull Shin, Doh (2021). "Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan". Democratization. 28 (1): 142–160. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1826438. S2CID 228959708.
Hyde, Susan D. (2020). "Democracy's backsliding in the international environment". Science. 369 (6508): 1192–1196. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1192H. doi:10.1126/science.abb2434. PMID 32883862. S2CID 221472047.
Skaaning, Svend-Erik (2020). "Waves of autocratization and democratization: a critical note on conceptualization and measurement" (PDF). Democratization. 27 (8): 1533–1542. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1799194. S2CID 225378571. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
Lührmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2019). "A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?". Democratization. 26 (7): 1095–1113. doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1582029. S2CID 150992660. The decline of democratic regime attributes – autocratization
Walder, D.; Lust, E. (2018). "Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding". Annual Review of Political Science. 21 (1): 93–113. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628. Backsliding entails deterioration of qualities associated with democratic governance, within any regime. In democratic regimes, it is a decline in the quality of democracy; in autocracies, it is a decline in democratic qualities of governance.
Rocha Menocal, Alina; Fritz, Verena; Rakner, Lise (June 2008). "Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries1". South African Journal of International Affairs. 15 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1080/10220460802217934. ISSN 1022-0461. S2CID 55589140. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020.
Bermeo, Nancy (January 2016). "On Democratic Backsliding" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 27 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0012. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 155798358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
Maerz, Seraphine F.; Lührmann, Anna; Hellmeier, Sebastian; Grahn, Sandra; Lindberg, Staffan I. (18 May 2020). "State of the world 2019: autocratization surges – resistance grows". Democratization. 27 (6): 909–927. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1758670. ISSN 1351-0347.
Boese, Vanessa A.; Lundstedt, Martin; Morrison, Kelly; Sato, Yuko; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2022). "State of the world 2021: autocratization changing its nature?". Democratization. 29 (6): 983–1013. doi:10.1080/13510347.2022.2069751. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 249031421.
Waldner, David; Lust, Ellen (11 May 2018). "Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding". Annual Review of Political Science. 21 (1): 93–113. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628. ISSN 1094-2939.
Diamond, Larry (15 September 2020). "Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes". Democratization. 28: 22–42. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1807517. ISSN 1351-0347.
Wolkenstein, Fabio (11 May 2022). "What is democratic backsliding?". Constellations. 30 (3): 261–275. doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12627. ISSN 1351-0487.
Issacharoff, Samuel (2018). "III Factors, 25 Populism versus Democratic Governance". In Graber, Mark A.; Levinson, Sanford; Tushnet, Mark (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. doi:10.1093/law/9780190888985.001.0001. ISBN 9780190888985. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
Medzihorsky, Juraj; Lindberg, Staffan I (2023). "Walking the Talk: How to Identify Anti-Pluralist Parties" (PDF). Party Politics. 30 (3): 420–434. doi:10.1177/13540688231153092. hdl:2077/68137. PMC 11069453. PMID 38711799. S2CID 265727508.
Licia Cianetti; James Dawson; Seán Hanley (2018). "Rethinking "democratic backsliding" in Central and Eastern Europe – looking beyond Hungary and Poland". East European Politics. 34 (3): 243–256. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1491401. Over the past decade, a scholarly consensus has emerged that that democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is deteriorating, a trend often subsumed under the label 'backsliding'. ... the new dynamics of backsliding are best illustrated by the one-time democratic front-runners Hungary and Poland.
Braley, Alia; Lenz, Gabriel S.; Adjodah, Dhaval; Rahnama, Hossein; Pentland, Alex (2023). "Why voters who value democracy participate in democratic backsliding". Nature Human Behaviour. 7 (8): 1282–1293. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01594-w. PMID 37217740. S2CID 258842427.
Art, David (2022). "The Myth of Global Populism". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 999–1011. doi:10.1017/S1537592720003552. S2CID 228858887.
Moffitt, Benjamin (2018). "The Populism/Anti-Populism Divide in Western Europe". Democratic Theory. 5 (2): 1–16. doi:10.3167/dt.2018.050202. ISSN 2332-8894. S2CID 158084905.
Greskovitz, Béla (2015). "The Hollowing and Backsliding of Democracy in East-Central Europe". Global Policy. 6 (1): 28–37. doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12225.
Buben, Radek; Kouba, Karel (April 2024). "Democracy and Institutional Change in Times of Crises in Latin America". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 16 (1): 90–109. doi:10.1177/1866802X241226986. ISSN 1866-802X.
Rhodes-Purdy, Matthew; Madrid, Raúl L. (27 November 2019). "The perils of personalism". Democratization. 27 (2): 321–339. doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1696310. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 212974380.
Lewkowicz, Jacek; Woźniak, Michał; Wrzesiński, Michał (January 2022). "COVID-19 and erosion of democracy". Economic Modelling. 106. 105682. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105682. PMC 8571542. PMID 34776576.
Keilitz, Ingo (10 August 2020). "Illiberalism Enabled by the Coronavirus Pandemic: An Existential Threat to Judicial Independence". International Journal for Court Administration. 11 (2): 2. doi:10.36745/ijca.339. S2CID 225514092.
Gunitsky, Seva (2021), Bartel, Fritz; Monteiro, Nuno P. (eds.), "Great Powers and the Spread of Autocracy Since the Cold War", Before and After the Fall: World Politics and the End of the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, pp. 225–243, doi:10.1017/9781108910194.014, ISBN 978-1-108-90677-7, S2CID 244851964, archived from the original on 11 January 2022, retrieved 17 December 2021
Welzel, Christian (2021). "Why The Future Is Democratic". Journal of Democracy. 32 (2): 132–144. doi:10.1353/jod.2021.0024. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 234920048. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
Malka, Ariel; Lelkes, Yphtach; Bakker, Bert N.; Spivack, Eliyahu (2020). "Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 808–827. doi:10.1017/S1537592720002091. ISSN 1537-5927. S2CID 225207244. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108957809. ISBN 9781108957809. S2CID 242013001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
Orhan, Yunus Emre (2022). "The relationship between affective polarization and democratic backsliding: comparative evidence". Democratization. 29 (4): 714–735. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.2008912. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 248304434.
Douglas M. Gibler; Kirk A. Randazzo (2011). "Testing the Effects of Independent Judiciaries on the Likelihood of Democratic Backsliding". American Journal of Political Science. 55 (3): 696–709. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00504.x. JSTOR 23024945.
Mechkova, Valeriya; Lührmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2017). "How Much Democratic Backsliding?". Journal of Democracy. 28 (4): 162–169. doi:10.1353/jod.2017.0075. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 158736288.
Seán Hanley & Milada Anna Vachudova (2018). "Understanding the illiberal turn: democratic backsliding in the Czech Republic". East European Politics. 34 (3): 276–296. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1493457.
Cemal Burak Tansel (2018). "Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Democratic Backsliding in Turkey: Beyond the Narratives of Progress". South European Society and Politics. 23 (2): 197–217. doi:10.1080/13608746.2018.1479945.
Kadir Akyuz & Steve Hess (2018). "Turkey Looks East: International Leverage and Democratic Backsliding in a Hybrid Regime". Mediterranean Quarterly. 29 (2): 1–26. doi:10.1215/10474552-6898075. S2CID 158084228.
Laura Gamboa (2017). "Opposition at the Margins: Strategies against the Erosion of Democracy in Colombia and Venezuela". Comparative Politics. 49 (4): 457–477. doi:10.5129/001041517821273044. S2CID 157426820.
Maerz, Seraphine F.; Lührmann, Anna; Hellmeier, Sebastian; Grahn, Sandra; Lindberg, Staffan I. (17 August 2020). "State of the world 2019: autocratization surges – resistance grows". Democratization. 27 (6): 909–927. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1758670.
Ding, Iza; Slater, Dan (2 January 2021). "Democratic decoupling". Democratization. 28 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1842361. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 231643689.
Welzel, Christian Peter (2017). "A Tale of Culture-Bound Regime Evolution". Democratization. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1542430. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 148625260.
Esena, Berk; Gumuscu, Sebnem (2016). "Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey". Third World Quarterly. 37 (9): 1581–1606. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732. hdl:11693/36632. S2CID 155983134.; Ramazan Kılınç, Turkey: from conservative democracy to popular authoritarianism Archived 2016-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, openDemocracy (December 5, 2015).
Ding, Iza; Slater, Dan (23 November 2020). "Democratic decoupling". Democratization. 28: 63–80. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1842361. ISSN 1351-0347.
Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Marquardt, Kyle L.; Seim, Brigitte; Coppedge, Michael; Edgell, Amanda B.; Medzihorsky, Juraj; Pemstein, Daniel; Teorell, Jan; Gerring, John; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2024). "Conceptual and Measurement Issues in Assessing Democratic Backsliding". PS: Political Science & Politics. 57 (2): 162–177. doi:10.1017/S104909652300077X. ISSN 1049-0965.
Kelemen, R. Daniel (February 2020). "The European Union's Authoritarian Equilibrium". Journal of European Public Policy. 20 (3): 481–499. doi:10.1080/13501763.2020.1712455. S2CID 221055795. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
Mietzner, Marcus (2021). "Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials". Democratization. 28 (1): 161–178. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1796649. S2CID 225475139.
Laebens, Melis G.; Lührmann, Anna (2021). "What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability". Democratization. 28 (5): 908–928. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.1897109. S2CID 234870008.
Daly, Tom Gerald (2019). "Democratic Decay: Conceptualising an Emerging Research Field". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 11: 9–36. doi:10.1007/s40803-019-00086-2. S2CID 159354232.
Huq, Aziz Z (2021). "How (not) to explain a democratic recession". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 19 (2): 723–737. doi:10.1093/icon/moab058.
Chull Shin, Doh (2021). "Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan". Democratization. 28 (1): 142–160. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1826438. S2CID 228959708.
Walder, D.; Lust, E. (2018). "Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding". Annual Review of Political Science. 21 (1): 93–113. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628. Backsliding entails a deterioration of qualities associated with democratic governance, within any regime. In democratic regimes, it is a decline in the quality of democracy; in autocracies, it is a decline in democratic qualities of governance.

dw.com

Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "NZZ: Demistificarea lui Klaus Iohannis | DW | 29.11.2021". DW.COM (in Romanian). Retrieved 24 January 2023.

ethiopia-insight.com

Teshome, Moges Zewdu (15 June 2023). "Charming Abiy Ahmed, a very modern dictator". Ethiopia Insight. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

fanatik.ro

"România, cea mai slabă democrație din Uniunea Europeană. "Societatea noastră este prinsă într-un cerc vicios"". 2 February 2023.

foreignaffairs.com

reader.foreignaffairs.com

Lieberman, By Suzanne Mettler and Robert C. (10 August 2020). "The Fragile Republic". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.

foreignaffairs.com

Sabatini, Christopher (1 November 2016). "The Final Blow to Venezuela's Democracy: What Latin America Can Do About It". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

foreignpolicy.com

Karen Stenner; Jessica Stern (11 February 2021). "How to Live With Authoritarians". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
Rohac, Dalibor (5 February 2018). "Hungary and Poland Aren't Democratic. They're Authoritarian". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
Eror, Aleks (9 March 2018). "How Aleksandar Vucic Became Europe's Favorite Autocrat". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.

forward.com

Eshman, Rob (21 January 2023). "When did Zionists become snowflakes?". The Forward. Retrieved 7 July 2023.

freedomhouse.org

Democracy in Retreat (Report). Freedom House. 2019. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
Democracy in Retreat: Freedom in the World 2019 (Report). Freedom House. 2020. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
"Romania: Nations in Transit 2022 Country Report".

g4media.ro

"Cum arată un stat eșuat: Cine exercită puterea în România lucrului prost făcut (I)". G4Media.ro (in Romanian). 6 May 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

georgiatoday.ge

"EP adopts resolution on decline of democracy in Georgia with 495 votes". Georgia Today. 9 October 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Medzihorsky, Juraj; Lindberg, Staffan I (2023). "Walking the Talk: How to Identify Anti-Pluralist Parties" (PDF). Party Politics. 30 (3): 420–434. doi:10.1177/13540688231153092. hdl:2077/68137. PMC 11069453. PMID 38711799. S2CID 265727508.
Esena, Berk; Gumuscu, Sebnem (2016). "Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey". Third World Quarterly. 37 (9): 1581–1606. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732. hdl:11693/36632. S2CID 155983134.; Ramazan Kılınç, Turkey: from conservative democracy to popular authoritarianism Archived 2016-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, openDemocracy (December 5, 2015).

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hyde, Susan D. (2020). "Democracy's backsliding in the international environment". Science. 369 (6508): 1192–1196. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1192H. doi:10.1126/science.abb2434. PMID 32883862. S2CID 221472047.

heinonline.org

Huq, Aziz; Ginsburg, Tom (2018). "How to Lose a Constitutional Democracy". UCLA Law Review. 65: 78–169. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.

idea.int

"Global overview of COVID-19: Impact on elections". www.idea.int. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.

institute.global

Kyle, Jordan; Mounk, Yascha (December 2018). "The Populist Harm to Democracy: An Empirical Assessment" (PDF). Tony Blair Institute for Global Change. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2019.

journalofdemocracy.org

Norris, Pippa (April 2017). "Is Western Democracy Backsliding? Diagnosing the Risks" (PDF). Journal of Democracy (Scholarly response to column published online). Online Exchange on "Democratic Deconsolidation". Johns Hopkins University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
Welzel, Christian (2021). "Why The Future Is Democratic". Journal of Democracy. 32 (2): 132–144. doi:10.1353/jod.2021.0024. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 234920048. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.

jstor.org

Douglas M. Gibler; Kirk A. Randazzo (2011). "Testing the Effects of Independent Judiciaries on the Likelihood of Democratic Backsliding". American Journal of Political Science. 55 (3): 696–709. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00504.x. JSTOR 23024945.

larepublica.pe

"Perú Libre presentará moción de interpelación contra ministro del Interior". La Republica (in Spanish). 4 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
"Daniel Encinas: "Dina Boluarte ha hecho una coalición con fuerzas que no ganaron la elección"". La Republica (in Spanish). 2 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.

leuphana.de

fox.leuphana.de

Welzel, Christian Peter (2017). "A Tale of Culture-Bound Regime Evolution". Democratization. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1542430. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 148625260.

mediafax.ro

"PREZENTUL FĂRĂ PERDEA Marius Oprea: Iohannis i-a făcut pe liberali Ciuca bătăilor". Mediafax.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 24 January 2023.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hyde, Susan D. (2020). "Democracy's backsliding in the international environment". Science. 369 (6508): 1192–1196. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1192H. doi:10.1126/science.abb2434. PMID 32883862. S2CID 221472047.
Medzihorsky, Juraj; Lindberg, Staffan I (2023). "Walking the Talk: How to Identify Anti-Pluralist Parties" (PDF). Party Politics. 30 (3): 420–434. doi:10.1177/13540688231153092. hdl:2077/68137. PMC 11069453. PMID 38711799. S2CID 265727508.
Braley, Alia; Lenz, Gabriel S.; Adjodah, Dhaval; Rahnama, Hossein; Pentland, Alex (2023). "Why voters who value democracy participate in democratic backsliding". Nature Human Behaviour. 7 (8): 1282–1293. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01594-w. PMID 37217740. S2CID 258842427.
Lewkowicz, Jacek; Woźniak, Michał; Wrzesiński, Michał (January 2022). "COVID-19 and erosion of democracy". Economic Modelling. 106. 105682. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105682. PMC 8571542. PMID 34776576.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Medzihorsky, Juraj; Lindberg, Staffan I (2023). "Walking the Talk: How to Identify Anti-Pluralist Parties" (PDF). Party Politics. 30 (3): 420–434. doi:10.1177/13540688231153092. hdl:2077/68137. PMC 11069453. PMID 38711799. S2CID 265727508.
Lewkowicz, Jacek; Woźniak, Michał; Wrzesiński, Michał (January 2022). "COVID-19 and erosion of democracy". Economic Modelling. 106. 105682. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105682. PMC 8571542. PMID 34776576.

npr.org

Gross, Terry (September 22, 2018) "Poland's Shift Toward Authoritarianism Is A 'Red Flag' For Democracy" NPR

nytimes.com

"A Serbian Election Erodes Democracy". The New York Times. 9 April 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.

opendemocracy.net

Esena, Berk; Gumuscu, Sebnem (2016). "Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey". Third World Quarterly. 37 (9): 1581–1606. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732. hdl:11693/36632. S2CID 155983134.; Ramazan Kılınç, Turkey: from conservative democracy to popular authoritarianism Archived 2016-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, openDemocracy (December 5, 2015).

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Frantz, Erica; Kendall-Taylor, Andrea; Kendall-Taylor, Senior Fellow and Director of the Transatlantic Security Program Andrea; Wright, Joe (2024). The Origins of Elected Strongmen: How Personalist Parties Destroy Democracy from Within. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-888807-9.

global.oup.com

Sadurski, Wojciech; Sevel, Michael; Walton, Kevin, eds. (1 April 2019). Legitimacy: The State and Beyond. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-882526-5.

ouplaw.com

oxcon.ouplaw.com

Issacharoff, Samuel (2018). "III Factors, 25 Populism versus Democratic Governance". In Graber, Mark A.; Levinson, Sanford; Tushnet, Mark (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. doi:10.1093/law/9780190888985.001.0001. ISBN 9780190888985. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2020.

pagina12.com.ar

Noriega, Carlos (17 May 2023). "Perú: la Corte Suprema prohíbe el derecho a la protesta | Un paso más en la ofensiva autoritaria". Página 12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 May 2023.

politico.eu

Esther King (31 January 2017). "Democratic backsliding threatens international order". Politico. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
"Ethiopia's PM Abiy Ahmed loses his shine". POLITICO. 25 September 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
Przybylski, Wojciech (July 14, 2020) "How the EU can manage Poland's authoritarian government " Politico
"Most Poles, Hungarians don't think their countries are democratic: poll". Politico. 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2020.

populismstudies.org

Ayala Panievsky & Julius Maximilian Rogenhofer, Benjamin Netanyahu, Likud and the uncertain fate of Israel's democracy Archived 25 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Populism Studies (February 2, 2021).

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Buben, Radek; Kouba, Karel (April 2024). "Democracy and Institutional Change in Times of Crises in Latin America". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 16 (1): 90–109. doi:10.1177/1866802X241226986. ISSN 1866-802X.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Mietzner, Marcus (2021). "Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials". Democratization. 28 (1): 161–178. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1796649. S2CID 225475139.
Laebens, Melis G.; Lührmann, Anna (2021). "What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability". Democratization. 28 (5): 908–928. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.1897109. S2CID 234870008.
Daly, Tom Gerald (2019). "Democratic Decay: Conceptualising an Emerging Research Field". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 11: 9–36. doi:10.1007/s40803-019-00086-2. S2CID 159354232.
Chull Shin, Doh (2021). "Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan". Democratization. 28 (1): 142–160. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1826438. S2CID 228959708.
Hyde, Susan D. (2020). "Democracy's backsliding in the international environment". Science. 369 (6508): 1192–1196. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1192H. doi:10.1126/science.abb2434. PMID 32883862. S2CID 221472047.
Skaaning, Svend-Erik (2020). "Waves of autocratization and democratization: a critical note on conceptualization and measurement" (PDF). Democratization. 27 (8): 1533–1542. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1799194. S2CID 225378571. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
Lührmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2019). "A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?". Democratization. 26 (7): 1095–1113. doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1582029. S2CID 150992660. The decline of democratic regime attributes – autocratization
Rocha Menocal, Alina; Fritz, Verena; Rakner, Lise (June 2008). "Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries1". South African Journal of International Affairs. 15 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1080/10220460802217934. ISSN 1022-0461. S2CID 55589140. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020.
Bermeo, Nancy (January 2016). "On Democratic Backsliding" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 27 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0012. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 155798358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
Boese, Vanessa A.; Lundstedt, Martin; Morrison, Kelly; Sato, Yuko; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2022). "State of the world 2021: autocratization changing its nature?". Democratization. 29 (6): 983–1013. doi:10.1080/13510347.2022.2069751. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 249031421.
Medzihorsky, Juraj; Lindberg, Staffan I (2023). "Walking the Talk: How to Identify Anti-Pluralist Parties" (PDF). Party Politics. 30 (3): 420–434. doi:10.1177/13540688231153092. hdl:2077/68137. PMC 11069453. PMID 38711799. S2CID 265727508.
Braley, Alia; Lenz, Gabriel S.; Adjodah, Dhaval; Rahnama, Hossein; Pentland, Alex (2023). "Why voters who value democracy participate in democratic backsliding". Nature Human Behaviour. 7 (8): 1282–1293. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01594-w. PMID 37217740. S2CID 258842427.
Art, David (2022). "The Myth of Global Populism". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 999–1011. doi:10.1017/S1537592720003552. S2CID 228858887.
Moffitt, Benjamin (2018). "The Populism/Anti-Populism Divide in Western Europe". Democratic Theory. 5 (2): 1–16. doi:10.3167/dt.2018.050202. ISSN 2332-8894. S2CID 158084905.
Rhodes-Purdy, Matthew; Madrid, Raúl L. (27 November 2019). "The perils of personalism". Democratization. 27 (2): 321–339. doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1696310. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 212974380.
Keilitz, Ingo (10 August 2020). "Illiberalism Enabled by the Coronavirus Pandemic: An Existential Threat to Judicial Independence". International Journal for Court Administration. 11 (2): 2. doi:10.36745/ijca.339. S2CID 225514092.
Gunitsky, Seva (2021), Bartel, Fritz; Monteiro, Nuno P. (eds.), "Great Powers and the Spread of Autocracy Since the Cold War", Before and After the Fall: World Politics and the End of the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, pp. 225–243, doi:10.1017/9781108910194.014, ISBN 978-1-108-90677-7, S2CID 244851964, archived from the original on 11 January 2022, retrieved 17 December 2021
Welzel, Christian (2021). "Why The Future Is Democratic". Journal of Democracy. 32 (2): 132–144. doi:10.1353/jod.2021.0024. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 234920048. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
Malka, Ariel; Lelkes, Yphtach; Bakker, Bert N.; Spivack, Eliyahu (2020). "Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 808–827. doi:10.1017/S1537592720002091. ISSN 1537-5927. S2CID 225207244. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108957809. ISBN 9781108957809. S2CID 242013001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
Orhan, Yunus Emre (2022). "The relationship between affective polarization and democratic backsliding: comparative evidence". Democratization. 29 (4): 714–735. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.2008912. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 248304434.
Mechkova, Valeriya; Lührmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2017). "How Much Democratic Backsliding?". Journal of Democracy. 28 (4): 162–169. doi:10.1353/jod.2017.0075. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 158736288.
Kadir Akyuz & Steve Hess (2018). "Turkey Looks East: International Leverage and Democratic Backsliding in a Hybrid Regime". Mediterranean Quarterly. 29 (2): 1–26. doi:10.1215/10474552-6898075. S2CID 158084228.
Laura Gamboa (2017). "Opposition at the Margins: Strategies against the Erosion of Democracy in Colombia and Venezuela". Comparative Politics. 49 (4): 457–477. doi:10.5129/001041517821273044. S2CID 157426820.
Ding, Iza; Slater, Dan (2 January 2021). "Democratic decoupling". Democratization. 28 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1842361. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 231643689.
Welzel, Christian Peter (2017). "A Tale of Culture-Bound Regime Evolution". Democratization. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1542430. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 148625260.
Esena, Berk; Gumuscu, Sebnem (2016). "Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey". Third World Quarterly. 37 (9): 1581–1606. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732. hdl:11693/36632. S2CID 155983134.; Ramazan Kılınç, Turkey: from conservative democracy to popular authoritarianism Archived 2016-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, openDemocracy (December 5, 2015).
Kelemen, R. Daniel (February 2020). "The European Union's Authoritarian Equilibrium". Journal of European Public Policy. 20 (3): 481–499. doi:10.1080/13501763.2020.1712455. S2CID 221055795. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
Mietzner, Marcus (2021). "Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials". Democratization. 28 (1): 161–178. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1796649. S2CID 225475139.
Laebens, Melis G.; Lührmann, Anna (2021). "What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability". Democratization. 28 (5): 908–928. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.1897109. S2CID 234870008.
Daly, Tom Gerald (2019). "Democratic Decay: Conceptualising an Emerging Research Field". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 11: 9–36. doi:10.1007/s40803-019-00086-2. S2CID 159354232.
Chull Shin, Doh (2021). "Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan". Democratization. 28 (1): 142–160. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1826438. S2CID 228959708.

slate.com

Mounk, Yascha (9 April 2018). "Hungary's Election Was a Milestone in the Decline of Democracy". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2019.

stiripesurse.ro

"Iohannis pregătește un regim personal autoritar. Dorește control total pe guvern și pe PNL prin intermediul premierului. DETALIILE negocierilor secrete (surse)". Stiri pe surse. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

tandfonline.com

Rocha Menocal, Alina; Fritz, Verena; Rakner, Lise (June 2008). "Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries1". South African Journal of International Affairs. 15 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1080/10220460802217934. ISSN 1022-0461. S2CID 55589140. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020.
Kelemen, R. Daniel (February 2020). "The European Union's Authoritarian Equilibrium". Journal of European Public Policy. 20 (3): 481–499. doi:10.1080/13501763.2020.1712455. S2CID 221055795. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.

theatlantic.com

Mounk, Yascha; Kyle, Jordan (26 December 2018). "What Populists Do to Democracies". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
Viktor Orbán Is Exploiting Anti-Semitism Archived 2020-06-18 at the Wayback Machine. Ira Forman, The Atlantic, 14 December 2018

timesofisrael.com

Keller-Lynn, Carrie. "'I've done it': Netanyahu announces his 6th government, Israel's most hardline ever". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

undispatch.com

Goldberg, Mark Leon (20 June 2021). "Better Know Nayib Bukele, the Hipster, Millennial and Authoritarian President of El Salvador". UN Dispatch. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.

unimi.it

sites.unimi.it

Bermeo, Nancy (January 2016). "On Democratic Backsliding" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 27 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0012. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 155798358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2019.

v-dem.net

"Pandemic Backsliding". www.v-dem.net. V-Dem. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
Medzihorsky, Juraj; Lindberg, Staffan I (2023). "Walking the Talk: How to Identify Anti-Pluralist Parties" (PDF). Party Politics. 30 (3): 420–434. doi:10.1177/13540688231153092. hdl:2077/68137. PMC 11069453. PMID 38711799. S2CID 265727508.
Democracy Facing Global Challenges: V-Dem Annual Democracy Report 2019 (PDF) (Report). V-Dem Institute at the University of Gothenburg. May 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
Nazifa Alizada, Rowan Cole, Lisa Gastaldi, Sandra Grahn, Sebastian Hellmeier, Palina Kolvani, Jean Lachapelle, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Shreeya Pillai, and Staffan I. Lindberg. 2021. Autocratization Turns Viral. Democracy Report 2021. University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute. https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/74/8c/748c68ad-f224-4cd7-87f9-8794add5c60f/dr_2021_updated.pdf Archived 14 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Democracy Report 2024, Varieties of Democracy
Finzel, Lydia (24 February 2020). "Democratic Backsliding in India, the World's Largest Democracy | V-Dem". www.v-dem.net. V-Dem Institute. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
Autocratization Surges–Resistance Grows: Democracy Report 2020 Archived 30 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine, V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (March 2020).

verfassungsblog.de

Aeyal Gross, Does the End of the Netanyahu Government Mark the End of "Democratic Backsliding" in Israel? Archived 14 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Verfassungsblog (June 14, 2021).

vox.com

Huq, Aziz; Ginsburg, Tom (21 February 2017). "How to lose a constitutional democracy". Vox'. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Zack Beauchamp (10 April 2019). "Israeli democracy is rotting from the inside". Vox. Archived from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Zack Beauchamp (27 February 2020). "The war on Israeli democracy". Vox. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

washingtonpost.com

Farrell, Henry (14 August 2020). "History tells us there are four key threats to U.S. democracy". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
Vivanco, José Miguel; Pappier, Juan (18 May 2021). "The U.S. can stop El Salvador's slide to authoritarianism. Time to act". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
The Washington Post editorial Board (December 21, 2018) "Poland is sliding into authoritarianism. Now we see if the E.U. can stop the drift" The Washington Post
"Thousands march against Serbian president's autocratic rule". The Washington Post. 8 December 2018. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
Kelemen, R. Daniel (2 December 2019). "The E.U. is supposed to promote democracy. So why do anti-democratic politicians thrive within it?". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

web.archive.org

Skaaning, Svend-Erik (2020). "Waves of autocratization and democratization: a critical note on conceptualization and measurement" (PDF). Democratization. 27 (8): 1533–1542. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1799194. S2CID 225378571. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
Lindberg, Staffan I. "The Nature of Democratic Backsliding in Europe". Carnegie Europe. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
Rocha Menocal, Alina; Fritz, Verena; Rakner, Lise (June 2008). "Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries1". South African Journal of International Affairs. 15 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1080/10220460802217934. ISSN 1022-0461. S2CID 55589140. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020.
"Pandemic Backsliding". www.v-dem.net. V-Dem. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
Bermeo, Nancy (January 2016). "On Democratic Backsliding" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 27 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0012. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 155798358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
"How democratic backsliding happens". Democracy Digest. 21 February 2017. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
Huq, Aziz; Ginsburg, Tom (21 February 2017). "How to lose a constitutional democracy". Vox'. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Kyle, Jordan; Mounk, Yascha (December 2018). "The Populist Harm to Democracy: An Empirical Assessment" (PDF). Tony Blair Institute for Global Change. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
Ozan O.Varol (23 August 2018). "Stealth Authoritarianism in Turkey". In Mark A. Graber; Sanford Levinson; Mark V. Tushnet (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. Oxford University Press. pp. 339–354. ISBN 978-0-19-088898-5. OCLC 1030444422. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Huntington, Samuel P. (2005). Democracy's Third Wave. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780806125169. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
Issacharoff, Samuel (2018). "III Factors, 25 Populism versus Democratic Governance". In Graber, Mark A.; Levinson, Sanford; Tushnet, Mark (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. doi:10.1093/law/9780190888985.001.0001. ISBN 9780190888985. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
Norris, Pippa (April 2017). "Is Western Democracy Backsliding? Diagnosing the Risks" (PDF). Journal of Democracy (Scholarly response to column published online). Online Exchange on "Democratic Deconsolidation". Johns Hopkins University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
Mounk, Yascha; Kyle, Jordan (26 December 2018). "What Populists Do to Democracies". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
Huq, Aziz; Ginsburg, Tom (2018). "How to Lose a Constitutional Democracy". UCLA Law Review. 65: 78–169. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
"Global overview of COVID-19: Impact on elections". www.idea.int. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
B. Edgell, A., Grahn, S., Lachapelle, J., Lührmann, A. and F. Maerz, S. (2021). "An Update on Pandemic Backsliding: Democracy Four Months After the Beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic". V-dem.net. Accessed 31 January 2021.
Gunitsky, Seva (2021), Bartel, Fritz; Monteiro, Nuno P. (eds.), "Great Powers and the Spread of Autocracy Since the Cold War", Before and After the Fall: World Politics and the End of the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, pp. 225–243, doi:10.1017/9781108910194.014, ISBN 978-1-108-90677-7, S2CID 244851964, archived from the original on 11 January 2022, retrieved 17 December 2021
Welzel, Christian (2021). "Why The Future Is Democratic". Journal of Democracy. 32 (2): 132–144. doi:10.1353/jod.2021.0024. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 234920048. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
Malka, Ariel; Lelkes, Yphtach; Bakker, Bert N.; Spivack, Eliyahu (2020). "Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 808–827. doi:10.1017/S1537592720002091. ISSN 1537-5927. S2CID 225207244. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
Karen Stenner; Jessica Stern (11 February 2021). "How to Live With Authoritarians". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
Mettler, Suzanne (2020). Four Threats: The Recurring Crises of American Democracy. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-24442-0. OCLC 1155487679. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
Farrell, Henry (14 August 2020). "History tells us there are four key threats to U.S. democracy". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
Lieberman, By Suzanne Mettler and Robert C. (10 August 2020). "The Fragile Republic". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108957809. ISBN 9781108957809. S2CID 242013001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
Nazifa Alizada, Rowan Cole, Lisa Gastaldi, Sandra Grahn, Sebastian Hellmeier, Palina Kolvani, Jean Lachapelle, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Shreeya Pillai, and Staffan I. Lindberg. 2021. Autocratization Turns Viral. Democracy Report 2021. University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute. https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/74/8c/748c68ad-f224-4cd7-87f9-8794add5c60f/dr_2021_updated.pdf Archived 14 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Democracy in Retreat (Report). Freedom House. 2019. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
Esther King (31 January 2017). "Democratic backsliding threatens international order". Politico. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
Democracy in Retreat: Freedom in the World 2019 (Report). Freedom House. 2020. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
"Global Dashboard". BTI 2022. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
Sabatini, Christopher (1 November 2016). "The Final Blow to Venezuela's Democracy: What Latin America Can Do About It". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
"Democratic Erosion in India: A Case Study". www.democratic-erosion.com. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
"Georgia's Dangerous Slide Away From Democracy". Carnegie Europe. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
Vivanco, José Miguel; Pappier, Juan (18 May 2021). "The U.S. can stop El Salvador's slide to authoritarianism. Time to act". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
Goldberg, Mark Leon (20 June 2021). "Better Know Nayib Bukele, the Hipster, Millennial and Authoritarian President of El Salvador". UN Dispatch. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
Rohac, Dalibor (5 February 2018). "Hungary and Poland Aren't Democratic. They're Authoritarian". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
Mounk, Yascha (9 April 2018). "Hungary's Election Was a Milestone in the Decline of Democracy". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
Viktor Orbán Is Exploiting Anti-Semitism Archived 2020-06-18 at the Wayback Machine. Ira Forman, The Atlantic, 14 December 2018
Finzel, Lydia (24 February 2020). "Democratic Backsliding in India, the World's Largest Democracy | V-Dem". www.v-dem.net. V-Dem Institute. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
Yaniv Roznai (2018). "Israel: A Crisis of Liberal Democracy?". In Mark A. Graber; Sanford Levinson; Mark V. Tushnet (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. Oxford University Press. pp. 355–376. ISBN 978-0-19-088898-5. OCLC 1030444422. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Tamara Cofman Wittes and Yael Mizrahi-Arnaud (March 2019). Is Israel in democratic decline? (PDF) (Report). Brookings Institution. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Zack Beauchamp (10 April 2019). "Israeli democracy is rotting from the inside". Vox. Archived from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Zack Beauchamp (27 February 2020). "The war on Israeli democracy". Vox. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Albert B. Wolf (27 May 2020). "The Dangers of Israel's New Coalition". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Aeyal Gross, Does the End of the Netanyahu Government Mark the End of "Democratic Backsliding" in Israel? Archived 14 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Verfassungsblog (June 14, 2021).
Ayala Panievsky & Julius Maximilian Rogenhofer, Benjamin Netanyahu, Likud and the uncertain fate of Israel's democracy Archived 25 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Populism Studies (February 2, 2021).
"Serbia election: Pro-EU Prime Minister Vucic claims victory". BBC. 24 April 2016. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
"A Serbian Election Erodes Democracy". The New York Times. 9 April 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
"Thousands march against Serbian president's autocratic rule". The Washington Post. 8 December 2018. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
Eror, Aleks (9 March 2018). "How Aleksandar Vucic Became Europe's Favorite Autocrat". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
Esena, Berk; Gumuscu, Sebnem (2016). "Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey". Third World Quarterly. 37 (9): 1581–1606. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732. hdl:11693/36632. S2CID 155983134.; Ramazan Kılınç, Turkey: from conservative democracy to popular authoritarianism Archived 2016-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, openDemocracy (December 5, 2015).
Autocratization Surges–Resistance Grows: Democracy Report 2020 Archived 30 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine, V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (March 2020).
Kelemen, R. Daniel (February 2020). "The European Union's Authoritarian Equilibrium". Journal of European Public Policy. 20 (3): 481–499. doi:10.1080/13501763.2020.1712455. S2CID 221055795. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
Kelemen, R. Daniel (2 December 2019). "The E.U. is supposed to promote democracy. So why do anti-democratic politicians thrive within it?". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
"Most Poles, Hungarians don't think their countries are democratic: poll". Politico. 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2020.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Rocha Menocal, Alina; Fritz, Verena; Rakner, Lise (June 2008). "Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries1". South African Journal of International Affairs. 15 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1080/10220460802217934. ISSN 1022-0461. S2CID 55589140. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020.
Bermeo, Nancy (January 2016). "On Democratic Backsliding" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 27 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0012. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 155798358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
Maerz, Seraphine F.; Lührmann, Anna; Hellmeier, Sebastian; Grahn, Sandra; Lindberg, Staffan I. (18 May 2020). "State of the world 2019: autocratization surges – resistance grows". Democratization. 27 (6): 909–927. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1758670. ISSN 1351-0347.
Boese, Vanessa A.; Lundstedt, Martin; Morrison, Kelly; Sato, Yuko; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2022). "State of the world 2021: autocratization changing its nature?". Democratization. 29 (6): 983–1013. doi:10.1080/13510347.2022.2069751. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 249031421.
Waldner, David; Lust, Ellen (11 May 2018). "Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding". Annual Review of Political Science. 21 (1): 93–113. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628. ISSN 1094-2939.
Diamond, Larry (15 September 2020). "Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes". Democratization. 28: 22–42. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1807517. ISSN 1351-0347.
Ozan O.Varol (23 August 2018). "Stealth Authoritarianism in Turkey". In Mark A. Graber; Sanford Levinson; Mark V. Tushnet (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. Oxford University Press. pp. 339–354. ISBN 978-0-19-088898-5. OCLC 1030444422. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Wolkenstein, Fabio (11 May 2022). "What is democratic backsliding?". Constellations. 30 (3): 261–275. doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12627. ISSN 1351-0487.
Rosenberg, S (1 January 2019). Democracy Devouring Itself: The Rise of the Incompetent Citizen and the Appeal of Right-Wing Populism. eScholarship, University of California. OCLC 1055900632.
Moffitt, Benjamin (2018). "The Populism/Anti-Populism Divide in Western Europe". Democratic Theory. 5 (2): 1–16. doi:10.3167/dt.2018.050202. ISSN 2332-8894. S2CID 158084905.
Buben, Radek; Kouba, Karel (April 2024). "Democracy and Institutional Change in Times of Crises in Latin America". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 16 (1): 90–109. doi:10.1177/1866802X241226986. ISSN 1866-802X.
Rhodes-Purdy, Matthew; Madrid, Raúl L. (27 November 2019). "The perils of personalism". Democratization. 27 (2): 321–339. doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1696310. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 212974380.
Welzel, Christian (2021). "Why The Future Is Democratic". Journal of Democracy. 32 (2): 132–144. doi:10.1353/jod.2021.0024. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 234920048. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
Malka, Ariel; Lelkes, Yphtach; Bakker, Bert N.; Spivack, Eliyahu (2020). "Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 808–827. doi:10.1017/S1537592720002091. ISSN 1537-5927. S2CID 225207244. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
Mettler, Suzanne (2020). Four Threats: The Recurring Crises of American Democracy. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-24442-0. OCLC 1155487679. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
Orhan, Yunus Emre (2022). "The relationship between affective polarization and democratic backsliding: comparative evidence". Democratization. 29 (4): 714–735. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.2008912. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 248304434.
Mechkova, Valeriya; Lührmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2017). "How Much Democratic Backsliding?". Journal of Democracy. 28 (4): 162–169. doi:10.1353/jod.2017.0075. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 158736288.
Sabatini, Christopher (1 November 2016). "The Final Blow to Venezuela's Democracy: What Latin America Can Do About It". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
Ding, Iza; Slater, Dan (2 January 2021). "Democratic decoupling". Democratization. 28 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1842361. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 231643689.
Welzel, Christian Peter (2017). "A Tale of Culture-Bound Regime Evolution". Democratization. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1542430. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 148625260.
Yaniv Roznai (2018). "Israel: A Crisis of Liberal Democracy?". In Mark A. Graber; Sanford Levinson; Mark V. Tushnet (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. Oxford University Press. pp. 355–376. ISBN 978-0-19-088898-5. OCLC 1030444422. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Ding, Iza; Slater, Dan (23 November 2020). "Democratic decoupling". Democratization. 28: 63–80. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1842361. ISSN 1351-0347.
Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Marquardt, Kyle L.; Seim, Brigitte; Coppedge, Michael; Edgell, Amanda B.; Medzihorsky, Juraj; Pemstein, Daniel; Teorell, Jan; Gerring, John; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2024). "Conceptual and Measurement Issues in Assessing Democratic Backsliding". PS: Political Science & Politics. 57 (2): 162–177. doi:10.1017/S104909652300077X. ISSN 1049-0965.

worldcat.org

Mettler, Suzanne (2020). Four Threats: The Recurring Crises of American Democracy. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-24442-0. OCLC 1155487679. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2020.