Democratic backsliding (English Wikipedia)

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Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108957809. ISBN 978-1-108-95780-9. S2CID 242013001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
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"U.S. Democratic Backsliding in Comparative Perspective". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 25 August 2025. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
Carothers, Thomas, and Benjamin Press. "Understanding and Responding to Global Democratic Backsliding." Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 20 October 2022. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2022/10/understanding-and-responding-to-global-democratic-backsliding?lang=en.

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Boese, Vanessa A.; Lindberg, Staffan I.; Lührmann, Anna (18 August 2021). "Waves of autocratization and democratization: a rejoinder". Democratization. 28 (6): 1202–1210. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.1923006. ISSN 1351-0347.
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Laebens, Melis G.; Lührmann, Anna (2021). "What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability". Democratization. 28 (5): 908–928. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.1897109. S2CID 234870008.
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Hyde, Susan D. (2020). "Democracy's backsliding in the international environment". Science. 369 (6508): 1192–1196. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1192H. doi:10.1126/science.abb2434. PMID 32883862. S2CID 221472047.
Skaaning, Svend-Erik (2020). "Waves of autocratization and democratization: a critical note on conceptualization and measurement" (PDF). Democratization. 27 (8): 1533–1542. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1799194. S2CID 225378571. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
Lührmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2019). "A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?". Democratization. 26 (7): 1095–1113. doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1582029. S2CID 150992660. The decline of democratic regime attributes – autocratization
Walder, D.; Lust, E. (2018). "Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding". Annual Review of Political Science. 21 (1): 93–113. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628. Backsliding entails deterioration of qualities associated with democratic governance, within any regime. In democratic regimes, it is a decline in the quality of democracy; in autocracies, it is a decline in democratic qualities of governance.
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Rau, E. G.; Stokes, S. (2025). "Income inequality and the erosion of democracy in the twenty-first century". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 122 (1) e2422543121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2422543121. PMC 11725924. PMID 39793070.
Bermeo, Nancy (January 2016). "On Democratic Backsliding" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 27 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0012. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 155798358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
Maerz, Seraphine F.; Lührmann, Anna; Hellmeier, Sebastian; Grahn, Sandra; Lindberg, Staffan I. (18 May 2020). "State of the world 2019: autocratization surges – resistance grows". Democratization. 27 (6): 909–927. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1758670. ISSN 1351-0347.
Boese, Vanessa A.; Lundstedt, Martin; Morrison, Kelly; Sato, Yuko; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2022). "State of the world 2021: autocratization changing its nature?". Democratization. 29 (6): 983–1013. doi:10.1080/13510347.2022.2069751. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 249031421.
Nord, Marina; Angiolillo, Fabio; Lundstedt, Martin; Wiebrecht, Felix; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2025). "When autocratization is reversed: episodes of U-Turns since 1900". Democratization. 32 (5): 1136–1159. doi:10.1080/13510347.2024.2448742. ISSN 1351-0347.
Waldner, David; Lust, Ellen (11 May 2018). "Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding". Annual Review of Political Science. 21 (1): 93–113. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628. ISSN 1094-2939.
Diamond, Larry (15 September 2020). "Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes". Democratization. 28: 22–42. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1807517. ISSN 1351-0347.
Wolkenstein, Fabio (11 May 2022). "What is democratic backsliding?". Constellations. 30 (3): 261–275. doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12627. ISSN 1351-0487.
Bessen, Brett R. (2024). "Populist Discourse and Public Support for Executive Aggrandizement in Latin America". Comparative Political Studies. 57 (13): 2118–2151. doi:10.1177/00104140231223738.
Issacharoff, Samuel (2018). "III Factors, 25 Populism versus Democratic Governance". In Graber, Mark A.; Levinson, Sanford; Tushnet, Mark (eds.). Constitutional Democracy in Crisis?. doi:10.1093/law/9780190888985.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-088898-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
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Licia Cianetti; James Dawson; Seán Hanley (2018). "Rethinking "democratic backsliding" in Central and Eastern Europe – looking beyond Hungary and Poland". East European Politics. 34 (3): 243–256. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1491401. Over the past decade, a scholarly consensus has emerged that that democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is deteriorating, a trend often subsumed under the label 'backsliding'. ... the new dynamics of backsliding are best illustrated by the one-time democratic front-runners Hungary and Poland.
Braley, Alia; Lenz, Gabriel S.; Adjodah, Dhaval; Rahnama, Hossein; Pentland, Alex (2023). "Why voters who value democracy participate in democratic backsliding". Nature Human Behaviour. 7 (8): 1282–1293. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01594-w. PMID 37217740. S2CID 258842427.
Art, David (2022). "The Myth of Global Populism". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 999–1011. doi:10.1017/S1537592720003552. S2CID 228858887.
Moffitt, Benjamin (2018). "The Populism/Anti-Populism Divide in Western Europe". Democratic Theory. 5 (2): 1–16. doi:10.3167/dt.2018.050202. ISSN 2332-8894. S2CID 158084905.
Greskovitz, Béla (2015). "The Hollowing and Backsliding of Democracy in East-Central Europe". Global Policy. 6 (1): 28–37. doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12225.
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Demir, Vedat (2024). "Public Diplomacy and Democratic Backsliding in Turkey: A Retrospective Look at Government Investment in Soft Power". Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 42–57. doi:10.29333/ejecs/2017. ISSN 2149-1291. JSTOR 48778813.
Lewkowicz, Jacek; Woźniak, Michał; Wrzesiński, Michał (January 2022). "COVID-19 and erosion of democracy". Economic Modelling. 106 105682. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105682. PMC 8571542. PMID 34776576.
Keilitz, Ingo (10 August 2020). "Illiberalism Enabled by the Coronavirus Pandemic: An Existential Threat to Judicial Independence". International Journal for Court Administration. 11 (2) 2. doi:10.36745/ijca.339. S2CID 225514092.
Gunitsky, Seva (2021), Bartel, Fritz; Monteiro, Nuno P. (eds.), "Great Powers and the Spread of Autocracy Since the Cold War", Before and After the Fall: World Politics and the End of the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, pp. 225–243, doi:10.1017/9781108910194.014, ISBN 978-1-108-90677-7, S2CID 244851964, archived from the original on 11 January 2022, retrieved 17 December 2021{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
Welzel, Christian (2021). "Why The Future Is Democratic". Journal of Democracy. 32 (2): 132–144. doi:10.1353/jod.2021.0024. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 234920048. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
Malka, Ariel; Lelkes, Yphtach; Bakker, Bert N.; Spivack, Eliyahu (2020). "Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (3): 808–827. doi:10.1017/S1537592720002091. ISSN 1537-5927. S2CID 225207244. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108957809. ISBN 978-1-108-95780-9. S2CID 242013001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
Orhan, Yunus Emre (2022). "The relationship between affective polarization and democratic backsliding: comparative evidence". Democratization. 29 (4): 714–735. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.2008912. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 248304434.
Douglas M. Gibler; Kirk A. Randazzo (2011). "Testing the Effects of Independent Judiciaries on the Likelihood of Democratic Backsliding". American Journal of Political Science. 55 (3): 696–709. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00504.x. JSTOR 23024945.
Simchon, Almog; Guntuku, Sharath Chandra; Simhon, Rotem; Ungar, Lyle H.; Hassin, Ran R.; Gilead, Michael (November 2020). "Political depression? A big-data, multimethod investigation of Americans' emotional response to the Trump presidency". Journal of Experimental Psychology. General. 149 (11): 2154–2168. doi:10.1037/xge0000767. ISSN 1939-2222. PMID 32309988.
Wu, Deborah J.; Law, Kyle F.; Syropoulos, Stylianos; Perry, Sylvia P. (14 January 2026). "The politics of well-being during democratic backsliding: How partisan affiliation and support for government actions relate to happiness and life satisfaction". Advances.in/Psychology. 1: e569295. doi:10.56296/aip00051. ISSN 2976-937X.
Mechkova, Valeriya; Lührmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2017). "How Much Democratic Backsliding?". Journal of Democracy. 28 (4): 162–169. doi:10.1353/jod.2017.0075. ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 158736288.
Seán Hanley & Milada Anna Vachudova (2018). "Understanding the illiberal turn: democratic backsliding in the Czech Republic". East European Politics. 34 (3): 276–296. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1493457.
Cemal Burak Tansel (2018). "Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Democratic Backsliding in Turkey: Beyond the Narratives of Progress". South European Society and Politics. 23 (2): 197–217. doi:10.1080/13608746.2018.1479945.
Kadir Akyuz & Steve Hess (2018). "Turkey Looks East: International Leverage and Democratic Backsliding in a Hybrid Regime". Mediterranean Quarterly. 29 (2): 1–26. doi:10.1215/10474552-6898075. S2CID 158084228.
Laura Gamboa (2017). "Opposition at the Margins: Strategies against the Erosion of Democracy in Colombia and Venezuela". Comparative Politics. 49 (4): 457–477. doi:10.5129/001041517821273044. S2CID 157426820.
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Democratic backsliding (English Wikipedia)

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