Dialect (English Wikipedia)

Benedikt Perak, Robert Trask, Milica Mihaljević (2005). Temeljni lingvistički pojmovi (in Serbo-Croatian). p. 81. Archived from the original on 2022-04-10. Retrieved 2019-08-26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Perak, Benedikt; Trask, Robert; Mihaljević, Milica (2005). Temeljni lingvistički pojmovi (in Serbo-Croatian). p. 81. Archived from the original on 2022-04-10. Retrieved 2019-08-26.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Crystal, David (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics (6th ed.). Blackwell Publishing. p. 142–144. ISBN 978-1-4051-5296-9.
Lyons, John (1981). Language and Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780521297752. language standard dialect.
Chambers, Jack; Trudgill, Peter (1998). Dialectology (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 7. Similarly, Bulgarian politicians often argue that Macedonian is simply a dialect of Bulgarian – which is really a way of saying, of course, that they feel Macedonia ought to be part of Bulgaria. From a purely linguistic point of view, however, such arguments are not resolvable, since dialect continua admit of more-or-less but not either-or judgements.

bangor.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

research.bangor.ac.uk

Tamburelli, Marco (2021). "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects". Lingua. 256 103068. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2021.103068. S2CID 233800051. Archived from the original on 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-04-21.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Chao, Yuen Ren (1968). Language and Symbolic Systems. CUP archive. p. 130. ISBN 9780521094573.
Johnson, David (2008). How Myths about Language Affect Education: What Every Teacher Should Know. University of Michigan Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0472032877.
Sławomir Gala (1998). Teoretyczne, badawcze i dydaktyczne założenia dialektologii (in Polish). Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe. p. 24. ISBN 9788387749040.
Małgorzata Dąbrowska-Kardas (2012). Analiza dyrektywalna przepisów części ogólnej kodeksu karnego (in Polish). Wolters Kluwer. p. 32. ISBN 9788326446177.
Gala, Sławomir (1998). Teoretyczne, badawcze i dydaktyczne założenia dialektologii (in Polish). Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe. p. 24. ISBN 9788387749040.
Dąbrowska-Kardas, Małgorzata (2012). Analiza dyrektywalna przepisów części ogólnej kodeksu karnego (in Polish). Wolters Kluwer. p. 32. ISBN 9788326446177.
Comrie, Bernard (2018). "Introduction". In Bernard Comrie (ed.). The World's Major Languages. Routledge. pp. 2–3. ISBN 978-1-317-29049-0.
Badurina, Lada; Pranjković, Ivo; Silić, Josip, eds. (2009). Jezični varijeteti i nacionalni identiteti: Prilozi proučavanju standardnih jezika utemeljenih na štokavštini. Zagreb: Disput. ISBN 9789532600544.
Greenberg, Robert D. (2004). Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and its Disintegration. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191514555. Archived from the original on 2024-12-02. Retrieved 2026-06-12.
Harlig, Jeffrey; Pléh, Csaba, eds. (1995). When East Met West: Sociolinguistics in the Former Socialist Bloc. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110145854.
Peter G. Gowing, William Henry Scott (1971). Acculturation in the Philippines: Essays on Changing Societies. A Selection of Papers Presented at the Baguio Religious Acculturation Conferences from 1958 to 1968. New Day Publishers. p. 157.
Maiden, Martin; Parry, Mair (1997). The Dialects of Italy. Routledge. p. 2. ISBN 9781134834365.
Defenders of the Indigenous Languages of the Archipelago (2007). Filipino is Not Our Language: Learn why it is Not and Find Out what it is. p. 26.
Repetti, Lori (2000). Phonological Theory and the Dialects of Italy. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 9027237190.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Dialect". Britannica. Archived from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 24 February 2026.

cutewriters.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Danvas, Kegesa (2016). "From dialect to variation space". Cutewriters. Cutewriters Inc. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

"'dialect (n.), Etymology'". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. July 2023 [2014]. doi:10.1093/OED/8666306791. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
Urla, Jacqueline (1988). "Ethnic Protest and Social Planning: A Look at Basque Language Revival". Cultural Anthropology. 3 (4): 379–394. doi:10.1525/can.1988.3.4.02a00030. JSTOR 656484. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
Haugen, Einar (August 28, 1966). "Dialect, Language, Nation". American Anthropologist. 68 (4): 922–935. doi:10.1525/aa.1966.68.4.02a00040.
Simon J. Ortiz (1981). "Towards a National Indian Literature: Cultural Authenticity in Nationalism" (PDF). MELUS. 8 (2). The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States: 7–12. doi:10.2307/467143. JSTOR 467143. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
Tang, Chaoju; van Heuven, Vincent J. (May 2009). "Mutual intelligibility of Chinese dialects experimentally tested". Lingua. 119 (5): 709–732. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2008.10.001. hdl:1887/14919. ISSN 0024-3841. S2CID 170208776.
Tamburelli, Marco (2021). "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects". Lingua. 256 103068. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2021.103068. S2CID 233800051. Archived from the original on 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
Stewart, William A. (1968). "A sociolinguistic typology for describing national multilingualism". In Fishman, Joshua A. (ed.). Readings in the Sociology of Language. De Gruyter. pp. 531–545. doi:10.1515/9783110805376.531. ISBN 978-3-11-080537-6. p. 535.
Handbook Sub-committee Committee of the International African Institute. (1946). "A Handbook of African Languages". Africa. 16 (3): 156–159. doi:10.2307/1156320. JSTOR 1156320. S2CID 245909714.
Haugen, Einar (1966). "Dialect, Language, Nation". American Anthropologist. American Anthropologist New Series, Vol. 68, No. 4. 68 (4): 927. doi:10.1525/aa.1966.68.4.02a00040. JSTOR 670407.
Watson, Janet C.E. (2011-12-21). "50. Arabic Dialects (general article)". The Semitic Languages. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 851–896. doi:10.1515/9783110251586.851. ISBN 978-3-11-025158-6. Retrieved 2020-10-17.

dx.doi.org

Tang, Chaoju; van Heuven, Vincent J. (May 2009). "Mutual intelligibility of Chinese dialects experimentally tested". Lingua. 119 (5): 709–732. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2008.10.001. hdl:1887/14919. ISSN 0024-3841. S2CID 170208776.
Watson, Janet C.E. (2011-12-21). "50. Arabic Dialects (general article)". The Semitic Languages. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 851–896. doi:10.1515/9783110251586.851. ISBN 978-3-11-025158-6. Retrieved 2020-10-17.

ethnologue.com (Global: 354^th place; English: 413^th place)

"Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition". Ethnologue.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-29. Retrieved 2010-04-21.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Cysouw, Michael; Good, Jeff. (2013). "Languoid, Doculect, and Glossonym: Formalizing the Notion 'Language'." Language Documentation and Conservation. 7. 331–359. hdl:10125/4606.
Tang, Chaoju; van Heuven, Vincent J. (May 2009). "Mutual intelligibility of Chinese dialects experimentally tested". Lingua. 119 (5): 709–732. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2008.10.001. hdl:1887/14919. ISSN 0024-3841. S2CID 170208776.
Blust, Robert (2013). The Austronesian Languages (revised ed.). Australian National University. hdl:1885/10191. ISBN 978-1-922185-07-5.

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178^th place; English: 745^th place)

linguistics.illinois.edu

"About Hindi". UIUC. Archived from the original on 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2024-10-20.

ispan.waw.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tomasz Kamusella. 2016. The History of the Normative Opposition of 'Language versus Dialect:' From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe's Ethnolinguistic Nation-States (pp 189–198). Colloquia Humanistica. Vol 5". Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2022.

it.wikisource.org (Global: 2,877^th place; English: low place)

An often quoted paradigm of Italian nationalism is the ode on the Piedmontese revolution of 1821 (Marzo 1821 Archived 2019-08-26 at the Wayback Machine), wherein the Italian people are portrayed by Manzoni as "one by military prowess, by language, by religion, by history, by blood, and by sentiment".

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Urla, Jacqueline (1988). "Ethnic Protest and Social Planning: A Look at Basque Language Revival". Cultural Anthropology. 3 (4): 379–394. doi:10.1525/can.1988.3.4.02a00030. JSTOR 656484. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
Fishman, Joshua A. (1969). "National Languages and Languages of Wider Communication in the Developing Nations". Anthropological Linguistics. 11 (4): 111–135. JSTOR 30029217. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
Simon J. Ortiz (1981). "Towards a National Indian Literature: Cultural Authenticity in Nationalism" (PDF). MELUS. 8 (2). The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States: 7–12. doi:10.2307/467143. JSTOR 467143. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
Kloss, Heinz (1967). "'Abstand languages' and 'ausbau languages'". Anthropological Linguistics. 9 (7): 29–41. JSTOR 30029461.
Handbook Sub-committee Committee of the International African Institute. (1946). "A Handbook of African Languages". Africa. 16 (3): 156–159. doi:10.2307/1156320. JSTOR 1156320. S2CID 245909714.
Haugen, Einar (1966). "Dialect, Language, Nation". American Anthropologist. American Anthropologist New Series, Vol. 68, No. 4. 68 (4): 927. doi:10.1525/aa.1966.68.4.02a00040. JSTOR 670407.

melayuonline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ikram, A. 2008. Bahasa Melayu penyebar budaya. Naskah-naskah sebagai saksi persebaran bahasa Archived 2022-09-25 at the Wayback Machine. Jurnal ATL (in Indonesian). 1. Accessed from the Malayu Online page on 2009-05-06.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Definition of DIALECT". Merriam-webster.com. 30 July 2023. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.

mha.gov.in (Global: low place; English: 6,503^rd place)

"Constitution of India, Eighth schedule" (PDF). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

"'dialect (n.), Etymology'". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. July 2023 [2014]. doi:10.1093/OED/8666306791. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2024.

presedinte.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Președinta Maia Sandu a promulgat Legea care confirmă că limba de stat a Republicii Moldova este cea română" (in Romanian). Presidency of the Republic of Moldova. Astăzi am promulgat Legea care confirmă un adevăr istoric și incontestabil: limba de stat a Republicii Moldova este cea română. [Today I have promulgated the law that confirms a historical and indisputable truth: the state language of the Republic of Moldova is Romanian.]

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Tang, Chaoju; van Heuven, Vincent J. (May 2009). "Mutual intelligibility of Chinese dialects experimentally tested". Lingua. 119 (5): 709–732. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2008.10.001. hdl:1887/14919. ISSN 0024-3841. S2CID 170208776.
Tamburelli, Marco (2021). "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects". Lingua. 256 103068. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2021.103068. S2CID 233800051. Archived from the original on 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
Handbook Sub-committee Committee of the International African Institute. (1946). "A Handbook of African Languages". Africa. 16 (3): 156–159. doi:10.2307/1156320. JSTOR 1156320. S2CID 245909714.

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

McWhorter, John (Jan 19, 2016). "What's a Language, Anyway?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
McWhorter, John (2016-01-19). "There's No Such Thing as a 'Language'". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-24.

thehindu.com (Global: 72^nd place; English: 37^th place)

"Mahagathbandhan demands 'official language' status for Bhojpuri in Bihar". The Hindu. 13 October 2024. Archived from the original on 26 November 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

treccani.it (Global: 157^th place; English: 590^th place)

Domenico Cerrato. "Che lingua parla un italiano?". Treccani.it. Archived from the original on 2018-02-11. Retrieved 2019-08-09.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"'dialect (n.), Etymology'". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. July 2023 [2014]. doi:10.1093/OED/8666306791. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
Oxford Living Dictionaries – English. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
"Dialect". Britannica. Archived from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 24 February 2026.
McWhorter, John (Jan 19, 2016). "What's a Language, Anyway?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
Benedikt Perak, Robert Trask, Milica Mihaljević (2005). Temeljni lingvistički pojmovi (in Serbo-Croatian). p. 81. Archived from the original on 2022-04-10. Retrieved 2019-08-26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Definition of DIALECT". Merriam-webster.com. 30 July 2023. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
Perak, Benedikt; Trask, Robert; Mihaljević, Milica (2005). Temeljni lingvistički pojmovi (in Serbo-Croatian). p. 81. Archived from the original on 2022-04-10. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
"Tomasz Kamusella. 2016. The History of the Normative Opposition of 'Language versus Dialect:' From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe's Ethnolinguistic Nation-States (pp 189–198). Colloquia Humanistica. Vol 5". Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
Urla, Jacqueline (1988). "Ethnic Protest and Social Planning: A Look at Basque Language Revival". Cultural Anthropology. 3 (4): 379–394. doi:10.1525/can.1988.3.4.02a00030. JSTOR 656484. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
Fishman, Joshua A. (1969). "National Languages and Languages of Wider Communication in the Developing Nations". Anthropological Linguistics. 11 (4): 111–135. JSTOR 30029217. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
Simon J. Ortiz (1981). "Towards a National Indian Literature: Cultural Authenticity in Nationalism" (PDF). MELUS. 8 (2). The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States: 7–12. doi:10.2307/467143. JSTOR 467143. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
Tamburelli, Marco (2021). "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects". Lingua. 256 103068. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2021.103068. S2CID 233800051. Archived from the original on 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
McWhorter, John (2016-01-19). "There's No Such Thing as a 'Language'". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-24.
Greenberg, Robert D. (2004). Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and its Disintegration. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191514555. Archived from the original on 2024-12-02. Retrieved 2026-06-12.
Danvas, Kegesa (2016). "From dialect to variation space". Cutewriters. Cutewriters Inc. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
Domenico Cerrato. "Che lingua parla un italiano?". Treccani.it. Archived from the original on 2018-02-11. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
"Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition". Ethnologue.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-29. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
An often quoted paradigm of Italian nationalism is the ode on the Piedmontese revolution of 1821 (Marzo 1821 Archived 2019-08-26 at the Wayback Machine), wherein the Italian people are portrayed by Manzoni as "one by military prowess, by language, by religion, by history, by blood, and by sentiment".
Ikram, A. 2008. Bahasa Melayu penyebar budaya. Naskah-naskah sebagai saksi persebaran bahasa Archived 2022-09-25 at the Wayback Machine. Jurnal ATL (in Indonesian). 1. Accessed from the Malayu Online page on 2009-05-06.
"Constitution of India, Eighth schedule" (PDF). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
"Mahagathbandhan demands 'official language' status for Bhojpuri in Bihar". The Hindu. 13 October 2024. Archived from the original on 26 November 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
"About Hindi". UIUC. Archived from the original on 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2024-10-20.

wiktionary.org (Global: 1,064^th place; English: 1,160^th place)

en.wiktionary.org

The word has multiple derivations: Middle French dialecte, Classical Latin dialectos, and Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos), 'discourse', in turn derived from διά (diá), 'through', and λέγω (légō), 'I speak'.^[1]

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search.worldcat.org

Tang, Chaoju; van Heuven, Vincent J. (May 2009). "Mutual intelligibility of Chinese dialects experimentally tested". Lingua. 119 (5): 709–732. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2008.10.001. hdl:1887/14919. ISSN 0024-3841. S2CID 170208776.

Dialect (English Wikipedia)

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