Disinformation attack (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Disinformation attack" in English language version.

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aamc.org

Boyle, Patrick (May 4, 2022). "Why do so many Americans distrust science?". AAMC News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

acm.org

Dhall, Sakshi; Dwivedi, Ashutosh Dhar; Pal, Saibal K.; Srivastava, Gautam (1 November 2021). "Blockchain-based Framework for Reducing Fake or Vicious News Spread on Social Media/Messaging Platforms". ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing. 22 (1): 8:1–8:33. doi:10.1145/3467019. ISSN 2375-4699. S2CID 240462042. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

acs.org

acsh.org

Berezow, Alex (10 March 2021). "How to Fight a Disinformation Campaign". American Council on Science and Health. Retrieved 18 January 2023.

aft.org

Nossel, Suzanne (29 April 2021). "Social Media, Free Speech, and the Scourge of Misinformation". American Federation of Teachers. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

ala.org

"First Amendment and Censorship". Advocacy, Legislation & Issues. 13 June 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

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Resneck Jr., Jack (December 28, 2022). "Dr. Fauci's dedication to medical science served the world well". American Medical Association. Retrieved 18 January 2023.

annualreviews.org

Gundersen, Torbjørn; Alinejad, Donya; Branch, T.Y.; Duffy, Bobby; Hewlett, Kirstie; Holst, Cathrine; Owens, Susan; Panizza, Folco; Tellmann, Silje Maria; van Dijck, José; Baghramian, Maria (17 October 2022). "A New Dark Age? Truth, Trust, and Environmental Science". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 47 (1): 5–29. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-120920-015909. hdl:10852/99734. S2CID 250659393.
Lewandowsky, Stephan (1 April 2021). "Climate Change Disinformation and How to Combat It". Annual Review of Public Health. 42 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102409. hdl:1983/c6a6a1f8-6ba4-4a12-9829-67c14c8ae2e5. ISSN 0163-7525. PMID 33355475. S2CID 229691604. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
Atran, Scott (4 January 2021). "Psychology of Transnational Terrorism and Extreme Political Conflict". Annual Review of Psychology. 72 (1): 471–501. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050800. ISSN 0066-4308. PMID 32898462. S2CID 221572429. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
Haslam, S.; Reicher, S. (13 October 2017). "50 Years of "Obedience to Authority": From Blind Conformity to Engaged Followership". Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 13: 59–78. doi:10.1146/ANNUREV-LAWSOCSCI-110316-113710.

apa.org

Abrams, Zara (June 1, 2022). "The anatomy of a misinformation attack". Monitor on Psychology. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 16 May 2023.

apo.org.au

Jack, Caroline (2017-08-09). "Lexicon of lies: terms for problematic information". Data & Society Research Institute.

archive.org

Sicherman, Barbara; Green, Carol Hurd (1980). Notable American Women: The Modern Period, A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University. pp. 303–306. ISBN 9780674627321.

arstechnica.com

arxiv.org

atlanticcouncil.org

Bandeira, Luiza; Barojan, Donara; Braga, Roberta; Peñarredonda, Jose Luis; Argüello, Maria Fernanda Pérez (2019). Disinformation in Democracies: Strengthening Digital Resilience in Latin America. Washington, D.C.: Atlantic Council. pp. 20–29. ISBN 978-1-61977-524-4.

bbc.com

Benke, Erika; Spring, Marianna (12 October 2022). "US midterm elections: Does Finland have the answer to fake news?". BBC News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
Yee, Amy (30 January 2022). "The country inoculating against disinformation". BBC. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

biologicaldiversity.org

Hernberg, Sven (2000). "Lead Poisoning in a Historical Perspective" (PDF). American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 38 (3): 244–254. doi:10.1002/1097-0274(200009)38:3<244::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-F. PMID 10940962. Retrieved 18 January 2023.

books.google.com

brookings.edu

Lai, Samantha (21 June 2022). "Data misuse and disinformation: Technology and the 2022 elections". Brookings. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
Brandt, Jessica; Ichihara, Maiko; Jalli, Nuurrianti; Shen, Puma; Sinpeng, Aim (14 December 2022). Impact of disinformation on democracy in Asia. Brookings Institution.
Bandurski, David (11 March 2022). "China and Russia are joining forces to spread disinformation". Brookings. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
West, Darrell M. (18 December 2017). "How to combat fake news and disinformation". Brookings.

businessinsider.com

caad.info

Gibson, Connor (2022). Journalist Field Guide: Navigating Climate Misinformation (PDF). Climate Action Against Disinformation.

carnegieendowment.org

Brandt, Jessica (August 2, 2021). "How Democracies Can Win an Information Contest Without Undercutting Their Values". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

cbbjournal.ro

cbc.ca

churchgrowthmagazine.com

cisa.gov

"Tactics of Disinformation" (PDF). Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). Retrieved 18 January 2023.

cnn.com

columbia.edu

congress.gov

Brannon, Valerie C. (August 1, 2022). "False Speech and the First Amendment: Constitutional Limits on Regulating Misinformation". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

connections-qj.org

crankyuncle.com

deloitte.com

Chew, Bruce; Flynn, Michael; Black, Georgina; Gupta, Rajiv (4 March 2021). "Sustaining public trust in government". Deloitte Insights. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

desmog.com

disinfo.eu

dni.gov

"Foreign Threats to the 2020 US Federal Elections" (PDF). Intelligence Committee Assessment. 10 March 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

dnronline.com

Pruett, Dave (23 June 2023). "Targeting Disinformation At The Nobel Summit". Daily News-Record. Retrieved 9 January 2024.

doi.org

dw.com

Zach, Elizabeth (May 12, 2022). "In Armenia, factchecking disinformation on politics and war". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 21 January 2023.

emory.edu

Chatman, Jennifer A.; Cha, Sandra Eunyoung (2003). "Leading by Leveraging Culture" (PDF). California Management Review. 45 (4): 20–34. doi:10.2307/41166186. JSTOR 41166186.

ethicaljournalismnetwork.org

White, Aidan (18 December 2016). "Ethics in the News - Fake News and Facts in the Post-Truth Era". Ethical Journalism Network. Retrieved 26 January 2023.

euractiv.com

Stolton, Samuel (2020-08-18). "Digital agenda: Autumn/Winter Policy Briefing". Euractiv. Retrieved 2020-09-02.

europa.eu

"Communication - Tackling online disinformation: a European approach". European Commission. 2018-04-26. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
"The 2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation". The 2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation | Shaping Europe's digital future. European Commission. 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.

"Primacy of EU law". EUR-Lex. Archived from the original on Jun 2, 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-10.

fas.org

Brannon, Valerie C. (March 27, 2019). "Free Speech and the Regulation of Social Media Content" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

fortune.com

freedomhouse.org

Barseghyan, Arshaluys; Grigoryan, Lusine; Pambukhchyan, Anna; Papyan, Artur (June 2021). Disinformation and Misinformation in Armenia: Confronting the Power of False Narratives (PDF). Freedom House.

ft.com

Stacey, Kiran (5 June 2021). "Anthony Fauci: America's doctor under siege". Financial Times. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
Espinoza, Javier (28 October 2020). "Internal Google document reveals campaign against EU lawmakers". Financial Times.

gcfglobal.org

gjs-security.com

"Journalist, Human Rights, Digital Safety Training". Global Journalist Security. Retrieved 30 January 2023.

go.com

Thorbecke, Catherine (May 27, 2020). "What to know about Twitter's fact-checking labels". ABC News. Retrieved 23 December 2022.

gwu.edu

Ross, Catherine J. (2021). "A Right to Lie? New Book Explores Complex Constitutional Questions". www.law.gwu.edu. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

handle.net

Fallis, Don (2015). "What Is Disinformation?". Library Trends. 63 (3): 401–426. doi:10.1353/lib.2015.0014. hdl:2142/89818. ISSN 1559-0682. S2CID 13178809.
Gundersen, Torbjørn; Alinejad, Donya; Branch, T.Y.; Duffy, Bobby; Hewlett, Kirstie; Holst, Cathrine; Owens, Susan; Panizza, Folco; Tellmann, Silje Maria; van Dijck, José; Baghramian, Maria (17 October 2022). "A New Dark Age? Truth, Trust, and Environmental Science". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 47 (1): 5–29. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-120920-015909. hdl:10852/99734. S2CID 250659393.
Hornsey, Matthew J.; Lewandowsky, Stephan (November 2022). "A toolkit for understanding and addressing climate scepticism". Nature Human Behaviour. 6 (11): 1454–1464. doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01463-y. hdl:1983/c3db005a-d941-42f1-a8e9-59296c66ec9b. ISSN 2397-3374. PMC 7615336. PMID 36385174. S2CID 253577142.
Lewandowsky, Stephan (1 April 2021). "Climate Change Disinformation and How to Combat It". Annual Review of Public Health. 42 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102409. hdl:1983/c6a6a1f8-6ba4-4a12-9829-67c14c8ae2e5. ISSN 0163-7525. PMID 33355475. S2CID 229691604. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
Humprecht, Edda; Esser, Frank; Van Aelst, Peter (July 2020). "Resilience to Online Disinformation: A Framework for Cross-National Comparative Research". The International Journal of Press/Politics. 25 (3): 493–516. doi:10.1177/1940161219900126. hdl:10067/1661680151162165141. ISSN 1940-1612. S2CID 213349525.
Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Cook, John; Schmid, Philipp; Fazio, Lisa K.; Brashier, Nadia; Kendeou, Panayiota; Vraga, Emily K.; Amazeen, Michelle A. (January 2022). "The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction". Nature Reviews Psychology. 1 (1): 13–29. doi:10.1038/s44159-021-00006-y. hdl:1983/889ddb0f-0d44-44f4-a54f-57c260ae4917. ISSN 2731-0574. S2CID 245916820.
Gritsenko, Daria; Wood, Matthew (January 2022). "Algorithmic governance: A modes of governance approach". Regulation & Governance. 16 (1): 45–62. doi:10.1111/rego.12367. hdl:10138/356017. ISSN 1748-5983. S2CID 228833298. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
Epstein, Ziv; Berinsky, Adam J.; Cole, Rocky; Gully, Andrew; Pennycook, Gordon; Rand, David G. (18 May 2021). "Developing an accuracy-prompt toolkit to reduce COVID-19 misinformation online". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-71. hdl:1721.1/138124.2. S2CID 234845514. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (2017). How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public: best practice guidance. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. hdl:10665/343301. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

harvard.edu

Chen, Emily; Chang, Herbert; Rao, Ashwin; Lerman, Kristina; Cowan, Geoffrey; Ferrara, Emilio (3 March 2021). "COVID-19 misinformation and the 2020 U.S. presidential election". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-57. S2CID 233772524. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
Epstein, Ziv; Berinsky, Adam J.; Cole, Rocky; Gully, Andrew; Pennycook, Gordon; Rand, David G. (18 May 2021). "Developing an accuracy-prompt toolkit to reduce COVID-19 misinformation online". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-71. hdl:1721.1/138124.2. S2CID 234845514. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
Breakstone, Joel; Smith, Mark; Connors, Priscilla; Ortega, Teresa; Kerr, Darby; Wineburg, Sam (23 February 2021). "Lateral reading: College students learn to critically evaluate internet sources in an online course". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-56. S2CID 233896933. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

Pazzanese, Christina (8 May 2020). "Social media used to spread, create COVID-19 falsehoods". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 16 May 2023.

ieee.org

Caramancion, Kevin Matthe (March 2020). "An Exploration of Disinformation as a Cybersecurity Threat". 2020 3rd International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (ICICT). pp. 440–444. doi:10.1109/ICICT50521.2020.00076. ISBN 978-1-7281-7283-5. S2CID 218651389.

iwmf.org

"Hostile Environment Training - IWMF". International Women's Media Foundation. Retrieved 30 January 2023.

jdsupra.com

Smith, Elizabeth; Zelman, Johanna. "The First Amendment: Where it is Implicated, and Where it is Not". JD Supra. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

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jstor.org

knightcolumbia.org

Greene, Jamal (December 16, 2022). "Government Counterspeech". Knight First Amendment Institute, Columbia University. Retrieved 24 January 2023.

knowablemagazine.org

Levy, Adam (30 May 2023). "Scientists warned about climate change in 1965. Nothing was done". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-052523-1 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Miller, Greg (14 January 2021). "The enduring allure of conspiracies". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-011421-2. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

labmanager.com

Black, Ian (September 28, 2022). "Best Practices for Debunking Misinformation". Lab Manager. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

lexology.com

Nüßing, Christoph; Oehm, Theresa; Arncken, Dominik; Grünwald, Andreas (4 October 2022). "The EU Digital Services Act - Europe's New Regime for Content Moderation". Lexology. Morrison & Foerster LLP. Archived from the original on Jun 9, 2023.

lithub.com

Dunkel, Tom (13 October 2022). "How Hate-Fueled Misinformation and Propaganda Grew in Nazi Germany". Literary Hub. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

mediapart.fr

medium.com

Schmitt, Carolyn (Mar 31, 2020). "Three new ideas for mitigating disinformation". Berkman Klein Center Collection.

mpg.de

"Toolbox: Conceptual overview". Toolbox of interventions against online misinformation and manipulation. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

nature.com

ncse.ngo

Foster, Craig A. (October 3, 2022). "[Review] Science Denial: Why It Happens and What to Do About It | National Center for Science Education". Reports of the National Center for Science Education. 42 (4). Retrieved 22 December 2022.

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Kirkpatrick, David D. (27 March 2023). "The Dirty Secrets of a Smear Campaign". The New Yorker. Vol. 99, no. 7. Retrieved 27 March 2023.

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Johnson, Brian (19 March 2020). "UNESCO program seeks to improve journalists' safety through police training". Medill News Service. Retrieved 30 January 2023.

npr.org

Allyn, Bobby (March 16, 2022). "Deepfake video of Zelenskyy could be 'tip of the iceberg' in info war, experts warn". NPR. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
Bond, Shannon; Parks, Miles; Jingnan, Huo (November 14, 2022). "Election officials feared the worst. Here's why baseless claims haven't fueled chaos". All Things Considered. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
Bond, Shannon (October 30, 2020). "Black And Latino Voters Flooded With Disinformation In Election's Final Days". NPR. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
Garcia-Navarro, Lulu; Bryant, Ashley (October 18, 2020). "Progressive Group Combats Disinformation Campaigns Aimed At Latino Voters". Retrieved 19 January 2023.
Pierre, Jeffrey; Neuman, Scott (October 27, 2021). "How decades of disinformation about fossil fuels halted U.S. climate policy". All Things Considered. National Public Radio. Retrieved 17 January 2023.

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Atske, Sara (22 February 2021). "3. Misinformation and competing views of reality abounded throughout 2020". Pew Research Center's Journalism Project. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
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Scott, Mark (14 June 2022). "Fringe platforms sidestep Europe's disinformation playbook". POLITICO. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
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Clark, Roy Peter (August 18, 2020). "How to serve up a tasty 'truth sandwich?' The secret sauce is emphatic word order". Poynter. The Poynter Institute for Media Studies, Inc. Retrieved 15 May 2023.

psqonline.org

psyarxiv.com

Kozyreva, Anastasia; Lorenz-Spreen, Philipp; Herzog, Stefan Michael; Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Hertwig, Ralph (16 December 2022). "Toolbox of Interventions Against Online Misinformation and Manipulation". psyarxiv.com. doi:10.31234/osf.io/x8ejt. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

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Faris, Robert; Roberts, Hal; Etling, Bruce (August 8, 2017). Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. Berkman Center for Internet & Society. p. 72. OCLC 1048396744. SSRN 3019414. Disinformation and propaganda from dedicated partisan sites on both sides of the political divide played a much greater role in the election. It was more rampant, though, on the right than on the left, as it took root in the dominant partisan media on the right, including Breitbart, The Daily Caller, and Fox News.

stanford.edu

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state.gov

Nemr, Christina; Gangware, William (March 28, 2019). Weapons of Mass Distraction: Foreign State-Sponsored Disinformation in the Digital Age (PDF). Park Advisors. Retrieved 26 January 2023.

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Henricksen, Wes (13 June 2023). "Disinformation and the First Amendment: Fraud on the Public". St. John's Law Review. 96 (3): 543–589.

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theguardian.com

Readfearn, Graham (5 March 2015). "Doubt over climate science is a product with an industry behind it | Graham Readfearn". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
Robins-Early, Nick (21 February 2022). "Disinformation for profit: scammers cash in on conspiracy theories". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
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thehill.com

thenation.com

Kitman, Jamie Lincoln (2 March 2000). "The Secret History of Lead". The Nation. Retrieved 17 January 2023.

time.com

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Alden, Timothy (November 9, 2019). "Propaganda in the war over climate change - Timothy Alden". Times of Malta. Retrieved 18 January 2023.

todayifoundout.com

"Why lead used to be added to gasoline". 15 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2017-10-03. Retrieved 2017-12-05.

ucf.edu

Lee, Jenna Marina (26 October 2020). "How Fake News Affects U.S. Elections | University of Central Florida News". University of Central Florida News | UCF Today. Retrieved 19 January 2023.

ucsusa.org

"How Disinformation Works". Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
"The Disinformation Playbook". Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved 6 December 2022.

unc.edu

Ardia, David; Ringel, Evan; Smith Ekstrand, Victoria; Fox, Ashley (2023). Addressing the decline of local news, rise of platforms, and spread of mis- and disinformation online A Summary of current research and policy proposals. UNC Center for Media Law and Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

unesco.org

Ireton, Cherilyn; Posetti, Julie, eds. (3 September 2018). "Journalism, 'Fake News' and Disinformation: A Handbook for Journalism Education and Training". UNESCO. Retrieved 6 December 2022.

uoregon.edu

Cunningham, Nancy (Sep 8, 2023). "Fake News and Information Literacy: Introduction". Research Guides at University of Oregon Libraries. Archived from the original on Oct 31, 2023.

usatoday.com

Heffner, Alexander; Miller, Alan C. (September 13, 2020). "We're launching an election-season ad campaign to fight fake news, and we need your help". USA TODAY. Retrieved 23 January 2023.

usenix.org

Verkamp, John-Paul; Gupta, Minaxi (2013). "Five Incidents, One Theme: Twitter Spam as a Weapon to Drown Voices of Protest". 3rd USENIX Workshop on Free and Open Communications on the Internet (FOCI 13). Washington, D.C.: USENIX Association.

ushmm.org

"Jewish Losses during the Holocaust: By Country". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

utexas.edu

washingtonpost.com

web.archive.org

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