ECOWAS (English Wikipedia)

"Profile: Economic Community of West African States" (PDF). Africa Union. 18 November 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

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Report, Africa Hotel (1 April 2023). "ECOWAS Commission Develops New Regulations for Tourist Accommodation in West Africa". Stay Up-to-Date with the Latest News and Updates in the Hospitality Industry. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.

africaintelligence.fr

"ECOWAS wants to formalize the withdrawal of the AES countries". africaintelligence.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 November 2024.

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"ECOWAS stabilisation force deployed in troubled Guinea Bissau". Africanews. 21 June 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2025.

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english.alarabiya.net

"ECOWAS approves military intervention in Niger". Al Arabiya English. 11 August 2023. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.

aljazeera.com

"Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso announce withdrawal from ECOWAS". Al Jazeera. 28 January 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
"Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso seek re-entry to regional blocs". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
"Military governments lead West African trio out of ECOWAS regional bloc". Al Jazeera. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
"ECOWAS suspends Mali over second coup in nine months". Al Jazeera. 31 May 2021. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
"Niger government asks court to force ECOWAS to lift coup sanctions". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
"Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso announce withdrawal from ECOWAS". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
"Military governments lead West African trio out of ECOWAS regional bloc". Al Jazeera. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
"Last French troops leave Mali, ending nine-year deployment". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
Durmaz, Mucahid. "As militarisation spreads, ECOWAS faces credibility crisis". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.

allafrica.com

"West Africa: ECOWAS Warns It Could Use Force in Niger". The Point. 1 August 2023. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.

apanews.net

ECOWAS to promote regional development through tourism Archived 4 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine apanews.net

araa.org

"ECOWAS VISION 2020" (PDF). Regional Agency For Agriculture And Food. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2022.

archive.today

"Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso sign Sahel security pact". Reuters. 16 September 2023. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
Onuah, Felix (24 February 2024). "West African bloc lifts sanctions on junta-led Niger". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.

bbc.com

"West African leaders suspend Guinea from Ecowas following coup" Archived 8 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine, 9 September 2021, BBC News, retrieved 9 September 2021
"Is France to blame for coups in West Africa?". BBC News. 6 August 2023. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
"Niger coup: West African leaders threaten military intervention". BBC News. 30 July 2023. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.

bidc-ebid.org

"Aboutus – EBID | ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development". ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.

books.google.com

Pazzanita, Anthony (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mauritania. Scarecrow Press. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8108-6265-4. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2015.

britannica.com

"Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.

browncard.org

"Benefits | ECOWAS Brown Card Insurance". www.browncard.org (in French). Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.

courtecowas.org

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"CCJ Official Website". prod.courtecowas.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

dandc.eu

Okanla, Karim (15 February 2019). "Like a magnet". D+C, Development and Cooperation. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2019.

diis.dk

"The "politics of coups" shape the response to West Africa's military juntas | DIIS". www.diis.dk. 18 May 2023. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.

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"Afrique". Diplomatie.ma. 24 February 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019.

doi.org

Adepoju, A.; Boulton, A.; Levin, M. (September 2010). "Promoting Integration Through Mobility: Free Movement Under Ecowas". Refugee Survey Quarterly. 29 (3): 120–144. doi:10.1093/rsq/hdq032.
Odeyemi, Temitayo Isaac (2020), Oloruntoba, Samuel Ojo (ed.), "Regional Integration and the Political Economy of Morocco's Desire for Membership in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)", Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, Springer International Publishing, pp. 97–123, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34296-8_6, ISBN 978-3-030-34295-1, S2CID 216250685
Olonisakin, Funmi (2011). "ECOWAS: From Economic Integration to Peace-building". ECOWAS and the Dynamics of Conflict and Peace-building. CODESRIA. pp. 11–26. doi:10.2307/j.ctvk8w0dp.6. ISBN 978-2-86978-496-3. JSTOR j.ctvk8w0dp.6.
Yansane, Aguibou (1977). "The State of Economic Integration in North West Africa South of the Sahara: The Emergence of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)". African Studies Review. 20 (2): 63–87. doi:10.2307/523653. JSTOR 523653.
Ajulo, Sunday Babalola (1989). "The Economic Community of West African States and International Law". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 27 (2): 233–250. doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000046X. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 160849. S2CID 154306079.
Castillejo, Clare (2019). "The influence of EU migration policy on regional free movement in the IGAD and ECOWAS regions". Discussion Paper. doi:10.23661/dp11.2019.
Garba, Faisal; Yeboah, Thomas (2022). "Free Movement and Regional Integration in the ECOWAS Sub-Region". Migration in West Africa. IMISCOE Research Series. pp. 19–34. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_2. ISBN 978-3-030-99238-5.

dw.com

"Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger quit ECOWAS – DW – 01/28/2024". dw.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.

economist.com

"Miss ECOWAS 2010". The Economist. 18 November 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

ecowas.int

"Fundamental Principles". ECOWAS. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
"Togolese president Faure Gnassingbe takes the reins of the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government". 7 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
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"Basic information | Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS)". ecowas.int. Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
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ECOWAS ECOTOUR (PDF). Archived 3 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine. www.ecowas.int.
Limited, Daniel Inaju-Challydoff. "Tourism Experts from West Africa to Meet in Lome | Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)". Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)

ecowascourt.org

"ECOWAS (2007) Information Manual: The Institutions of the Community ECOWAS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2008.

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"About Us – ECOWAS Parliament". ecowasparliament. 17 September 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2024.

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"West Africa's (eco)tourism initiative: Last chance to protect African biodiversity". trade4devnews.enhancedif.org. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2023.

france24.com

"West Africa bloc warns of 'disintegration' as juntas form 'Confederation of Sahel States'". France 24. 8 July 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
"West African regional bloc suspends Burkina Faso's membership over coup". France 24. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
"West African bloc ECOWAS lifts sanctions against Guinea, Mali". France 24. 25 February 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
"Thousands rally in Burkina, Mali and Niger to cheer ECOWAS exit". France24. 28 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.

giaba.org

"Welcome !". GIABA. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

gna.org.gh

GNA (27 April 2023). "ECOWAS Youth and Sports Development Centre keen on globalising Traditional African Sports". Ghana News Agency. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

"West African ECOWAS bloc suspends ties with Niger and authorizes use of force if president not reinstated within a week". Associated Press. Niamey. ABC News. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
"Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso withdraw from West Africa regional bloc ECOWAS as tensions deepen". ABC News. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.

independent.co.uk

"West Africa regional bloc approves exit timeline for 3 coup-hit member states". www.independent.co.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2024.

issafrica.org

futures.issafrica.org

Data. "Enoch Randy Aikins (2023) West Africa/ECOWAS. Updated 7 June 2023. (current US$) | Table". futures.issafrica.org. Archived from the original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023.

jstor.org

Olonisakin, Funmi (2011). "ECOWAS: From Economic Integration to Peace-building". ECOWAS and the Dynamics of Conflict and Peace-building. CODESRIA. pp. 11–26. doi:10.2307/j.ctvk8w0dp.6. ISBN 978-2-86978-496-3. JSTOR j.ctvk8w0dp.6.
Yansane, Aguibou (1977). "The State of Economic Integration in North West Africa South of the Sahara: The Emergence of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)". African Studies Review. 20 (2): 63–87. doi:10.2307/523653. JSTOR 523653.
Ajulo, Sunday Babalola (1989). "The Economic Community of West African States and International Law". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 27 (2): 233–250. doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000046X. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 160849. S2CID 154306079.

lemonde.fr

"Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso formally leave ECOWAS". Le Monde. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.

mipa.institute

Imru AL Qays Talha Jebril (13 February 2020). "Morocco-ECOWAS: Good intentions are not enough". Moroccan Institute for Policy Analysis. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.

modernghana.com

Bensah, Emmanuel K. (24 July 2013). "Communicating ECOWAS Message (4): A New Roadmap for the Ouedraogo Commission(1)". Modernghana.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
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newscentral.africa

"ECOWAS is Open to Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali, Tinubu Assures German President". www.newscentral.africa. Retrieved 13 December 2024.

proquest.com

"ECOWAS to promote regional development through tourism". Agence de Presse Africaine. 31 May 2019. ProQuest 2232643790.

railwaysafrica.com

Proposed Ecowas railway Archived 24 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine railwaysafrica.com

reuters.com

Samb, Saliou; Eboh, Camillus; Inveen, Cooper (9 September 2021). Heritage, Timothy; Orlofsky, Steve; Pullin, Richard (eds.). "West African leaders due in Guinea as post-coup calm pervades Conakry". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
Christian, Akorlie; Samb, Saliou; Felix, Bate; Inveen, Cooper; Prentice, Alessandra (17 September 2021). Cawthorne, Andrew; Choy, Marguerita; McCool, Grant (eds.). "West African bloc resorts to sanctions over Guinea and Mali coups". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
"Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso sign Sahel security pact". Reuters. 16 September 2023. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
Onuah, Felix (24 February 2024). "West African bloc lifts sanctions on junta-led Niger". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
Ndiaga, Thiam (20 February 2023). "Burkina Faso marks official end of French military operations on its soil". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.

rfi.fr

"Senegal 'making progress' convincing military regimes in Sahel to remain with Ecowas". www.rfi.fr. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
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Odeyemi, Temitayo Isaac (2020), Oloruntoba, Samuel Ojo (ed.), "Regional Integration and the Political Economy of Morocco's Desire for Membership in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)", Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, Springer International Publishing, pp. 97–123, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34296-8_6, ISBN 978-3-030-34295-1, S2CID 216250685
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sfgate.com

AHMED, BABA (10 January 2022). "Mali's junta deplores new sanctions imposed by regional bloc". SFGATE. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.

theafricareport.com

"CFA franc, passports, joint force: What are the Sahel States' plans after split with ECOWAS?". The africa report. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.

thecable.ng

Yekeen, Akinwale (24 February 2024). "ECOWAS lifts sanctions against Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso". TheCable. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.

theconversation.com

Forson, Joseph Ato (2 September 2019). "West African states have a science and technology plan. But it's going nowhere". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.

trademarkafrica.com

"ECOWAS ministers boost the tourism industry with the adoption of new standards for hotel services". TradeMark Africa. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.

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