Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Electoral fraud" in English language version.
Attempted impersonation was exceptionally rare, however, and measures to introduce voter identification requirements therefore had little effect on the security of the electoral process.
Existing studies, relying mainly on documented criminal prosecutions and investigations of apparent irregularities, turn up very little evidence of fraud. Critics argue that this is unsurprising because casting fraudulent votes is easy and largely undetectable without strict photo ID requirements.
Unfortunately, it remains extremely difficult to detect instances of fraud. Perpetrators of electoral fraud are highly motivated to conceal their acts from opposition parties, the press, and election monitors.
Since election fraud often cannot be observed directly, researchers and policy makers often have to rely on inferential methods to uncover unusual patterns in the official election data that might serve as plausible evidence that election results were tampered with.
Unfortunately, it remains extremely difficult to detect instances of fraud. Perpetrators of electoral fraud are highly motivated to conceal their acts from opposition parties, the press, and election monitors.
Attempted impersonation was exceptionally rare, however, and measures to introduce voter identification requirements therefore had little effect on the security of the electoral process.
Attempted impersonation was exceptionally rare, however, and measures to introduce voter identification requirements therefore had little effect on the security of the electoral process.
Unfortunately, uncovering fraudulent elections is quite difficult. How do you prove or disprove possible wrongdoing? If votes were falsified, the wrongdoers have no motive to say so; if they were not, there's no proving a negative. Thus it is very difficult to establish a suspect election's legitimacy or illegitimacy.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)Unfortunately, it remains extremely difficult to detect instances of fraud. Perpetrators of electoral fraud are highly motivated to conceal their acts from opposition parties, the press, and election monitors.
Since election fraud often cannot be observed directly, researchers and policy makers often have to rely on inferential methods to uncover unusual patterns in the official election data that might serve as plausible evidence that election results were tampered with.