Electronic waste (English Wikipedia)

Basel Action Network; Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (25 February 2002). "Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia" (PDF). Seattle and San Jose. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2008.

basel.int

Convention, Basel (22 March 1989). "Basel Convention > The Convention > Overview". Basel Convention Home Page. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Simmons, Dan (14 October 2005). "British Broadcasting Corporation". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 December 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
"British Broadcasting Corporation". BBC News. 5 August 2008. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
"British Broadcasting Corporation". BBC News. 27 November 2006. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
Carney, Liz (19 December 2006). "British Broadcasting Corporation". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2010.

bbc.co.uk

Cassidy, Nigel (2 May 2014). "Getting in a spin: Why washing machines are no longer built to last".

bbc.com

Gill, Victoria (7 May 2022). "Mine e-waste, not the Earth, say scientists". BBC. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

bestbuy.com

"Best Buy Recycles". Bestbuy.com. 2013. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013.

books.google.com

Hieronymi, Klaus (14 June 2012). E-Waste Management: From Waste to Resource. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-29911-7.
Mulvaney, Dustin (3 May 2011). Green Technology: An A-to-Z Guide – Google Books. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4522-6624-4.

britannica.com

"Electronic waste | Britannica". 6 March 2024.

ca.gov

dtsc.ca.gov

"Electronic Hazardous Waste (E-Waste)". dtsc.ca.gov.

cdph.ca.gov

"Electronic Waste Recycling: Working Safely" (PDF).

cdc.gov

atsdr.cdc.gov

"Lead Toxicity: What Are U.S. Standards for Lead Levels?". Agency for Toxicology Substances & Disease Registry. Retrieved 12 January 2019.

cdc.gov

"Lead". Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. 19 September 2019. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.

ce.org

"CEA – eCycle". ce.org. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.

certifiedelectronicsrecycler.com

"Default Parallels Plesk Panel Page". Certifiedelectronicsrecycler.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2012.

cincinnati.com

Sakar, Anne (12 February 2016). "Dad brought home lead, kids got sick". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2019.

columbia.edu

seas.columbia.edu

"THE FUTURE OF ELECTRONIC WASTE RECYCLING IN THE UNITED STATES: Obstacles and Domestic Solution" (PDF). sea.columbia.edu/. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

corporatemobilerecycling.co.uk

"Environment". Mobile Recycling - The safest business phone & laptop recyclers. ECD Mobile Recycling. 18 February 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.

csircentral.net

neeri.csircentral.net

Wath, Sushant B.; Dutt, P. S.; Chakrabarti, T. (2011). "E-waste scenario in India, its management and implications" (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 172 (1–4): 249–262. Bibcode:2011EMnAs.172..249W. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1331-9. PMID 20151189. S2CID 8070711.

cwitproject.eu

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

denverpost.com

Slade, Giles. "Computer age leftovers". Denver Post. Archived from the original on 8 December 2006. Retrieved 13 November 2006.

doi.org

Kahhat, Ramzy; Kim, Junbeum; Xu, Ming; Allenby, Braden; Williams, Eric; Zhang, Peng (May 2008). "Exploring e-waste management systems in the United States". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 52 (7): 956. Bibcode:2008RCR....52..955K. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.03.002.
Perkins, Devin N.; Drisse, Marie-Noel Brune; Nxele, Tapiwa; Sly, Peter D. (25 November 2014). "E-Waste: A Global Hazard". Annals of Global Health. 80 (4): 286–295. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2014.10.001. PMID 25459330. S2CID 43167397.
Liu, Kang; Tan, Quanyin; Yu, Jiadong; Wang, Mengmeng (1 March 2023). "A global perspective on e-waste recycling". Circular Economy. 2 (1): 100028. doi:10.1016/j.cec.2023.100028. ISSN 2773-1677.
Sthiannopkao, Suthipong; Wong, Ming Hung (2013). "Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences". Science of the Total Environment. 463–464: 1147–1153. Bibcode:2013ScTEn.463.1147S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.088. PMID 22858354.
Holuszko, Maria E.; Espinosa, Denise C. R.; Scarazzato, Tatiana; Kumar, Amit (10 January 2022). Holuszko, Maria E.; Kumar, Amit; Espinosa, Denise C.R. (eds.). Introduction, Vision, and Opportunities (1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 1–13. doi:10.1002/9783527816392.ch1. ISBN 978-3-527-34490-1. S2CID 244687606.
Osibanjo, Oladele (1 December 2007). "The Challenge of Electronic Waste (E-waste) Management in Developing Countries". Waste Management & Research. 25 (6): 489–501. Bibcode:2007WMR....25..489O. doi:10.1177/0734242x07082028. PMID 18229743. S2CID 21323480.
Ramzy Kahhat and Eric Williams (June 2009). "Product or Waste? Importation and End-of-Life Processing of Computers in Peru". Environmental Science and Technology. 43 (15). Center for Earth Systems Engineering and Management, Arizona State University / American Chemical Society: 6010–6016. Bibcode:2009EnST...43.6010K. doi:10.1021/es8035835. PMID 19731711.
Wong, M.H. (2007). "Export of toxic chemicals – A review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling". Environmental Pollution. 149 (2): 131–140. Bibcode:2007EPoll.149..131W. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.044. PMID 17412468.
Mukherjee, Rahul (2017). "Anticipating Ruinations: Ecologies of 'Make Do' and 'Left With'". Journal of Visual Culture. 16 (3): 287–309. doi:10.1177/1470412917740884. S2CID 148682371.
Ngoc Ha, Nguyen; Agusa, Tetsuro; Ramu, Karri; Phuc Cam Tu, Nguyen; Murata, Satoko; Bulbule, Keshav A.; Parthasaraty, Peethmbaram; Takahashi, Shin; Subramanian, Annamalai; Tanabe, Shinsuke (2009). "Contamination by trace elements at e-waste recycling sites in Bangalore, India". Chemosphere. 76 (1): 9–15. Bibcode:2009Chmsp..76....9H. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.056. PMID 19345395.
Needhidasan, S; Samuel, M; Chidambaram, R (2014). "Electronic waste- an emerging threat to the environment of urban India". Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 12 (1): 36. Bibcode:2014JEHSE..12...36N. doi:10.1186/2052-336X-12-36. PMC 3908467. PMID 24444377.
de Vries, Alex; Stoll, Christian (1 December 2021). "Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 175 105901. Elsevier. Bibcode:2021RCR...17505901D. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901. ISSN 0921-3449. S2CID 240585651.
Jana, Rabin K.; Ghosh, Indranil; Das, Debojyoti; Dutta, Anupam (2021). "Determinants of electronic waste generation in Bitcoin network: Evidence from the machine learning approach". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 173 (C): 121101. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121101.
de Vries, Alex (17 April 2019). "Renewable Energy Will Not Solve Bitcoin's Sustainability Problem". Joule. 3 (4): 893–898. Bibcode:2019Joule...3..893D. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.02.007. ISSN 2542-4351. S2CID 169784459.
Koomey, Jonathan; Berard, Stephen; Sanchez, Marla; Wong, Henry (March 2011). "Implications of Historical Trends in the Electrical Efficiency of Computing". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 33 (3): 46–54. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2010.28. ISSN 1934-1547. S2CID 8305701. Koomey's law describes a trend: "at a fixed computing load, the amount of battery you need will fall by a factor of two every year and a half.", Koomey wrote.
Frazzoli, Chiara; Orisakwe, Orish Ebere; Dragone, Roberto; Mantovani, Alberto (2010). "Diagnostic health risk assessment of electronic waste on the general population in developing countries' scenarios". Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 30 (6): 388–399. Bibcode:2010EIARv..30..388F. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2009.12.004.
Heacock Michelle; Kelly Carol Bain; Asante Kwadwo Ansong; Birnbaum Linda S.; Bergman Åke Lennart; Bruné Marie-Noel; Buka Irena; Carpenter David O.; Chen Aimin; Huo Xia; Kamel Mostafa (1 May 2016). "E-Waste and Harm to Vulnerable Populations: A Growing Global Problem". Environmental Health Perspectives. 124 (5): 550–555. Bibcode:2016EnvHP.124..550H. doi:10.1289/ehp.1509699. PMC 4858409. PMID 26418733.
Caravanos, Jack (January 2013). "Exploratory Health Assessment of Chemical Exposures at E-Waste Recycling and Scrapyard Facility in Ghana". Journal of Health and Pollution. 3 (4): 11–22. doi:10.5696/2156-9614-3.4.11.
Wath, Sushant B.; Dutt, P. S.; Chakrabarti, T. (2011). "E-waste scenario in India, its management and implications" (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 172 (1–4): 249–262. Bibcode:2011EMnAs.172..249W. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1331-9. PMID 20151189. S2CID 8070711.
Robinson, Brett H. (20 December 2009). "E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 183–191. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..183R. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 19846207. S2CID 4378676.
Multiple classes of chemical contaminations in soil from an e-waste disposal site in China: Occurrence and spatial distribution. Science of the Total Environment, volume 752, 15 January 2021, 141924, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.1419
Tarter, Andrew (2013), "Environment Programme, UN (UNEP)", Environment Programme, UN (UNEP), Encyclopedia of Crisis Management, SAGE Publications, doi:10.4135/9781452275956.n127, ISBN 978-1-4522-2612-5
Yuan, C.; Zhang, H. C.; McKenna, G.; Korzeniewski, C.; Li, J. (2007). "Experimental Studies on Cryogenic Recycling of Printed Circuit Board". International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 34 (7–8): 657–666. doi:10.1007/s00170-006-0634-z. S2CID 109520016.
Peydayesh, M; Boschi, E; Donat, F; Mezzenga, R (May 2024). "Gold Recovery from E-Waste by Food-Waste Amyloid Aerogels". Advanced Materials. 36 (19): e2310642. Bibcode:2024AdM....3610642P. doi:10.1002/adma.202310642. hdl:20.500.11850/658267. PMID 38262611.
Fela, Jen (April 2010). "Developing countries face e-waste crisis". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 8 (3): 117. doi:10.1890/1540-9295-8.3.116. JSTOR 20696446.
Kunz, Nathan (2018). "Stakeholder Views on Extended Producer Responsibility and the Circular Economy". California Management Review. 60 (3): 45–70. doi:10.1177/0008125617752694. S2CID 158615408.
Seif, Rania; Salem, Fatma Zakaria; Allam, Nageh K. (2023). "E-waste recycled materials as efficient catalysts for renewable energy technologies and better environmental sustainability". Environment, Development and Sustainability. 26 (3): 5473–5508. doi:10.1007/s10668-023-02925-7. PMC 9848041. PMID 36691418.
Chen, A.; Dietrich, K. N.; Huo, X.; Ho, S.-M. (2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (1 April 2011). "Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 1552-9924. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Wang Liulin; Hou Meiling; An Jing; Zhong Yufang; Wang Xuetong; Wang Yangjun; Wu Minghong; Bi Xinhui; Sheng Guoying; Fu Jiamo (2011). "The cytotoxic and genetoxic effects of dust and soil samples from E-waste recycling area on L02 cells". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 27 (9): 831–839. Bibcode:2011ToxIH..27..831W. doi:10.1177/0748233711399313. PMID 21421680. S2CID 208360586.
Birnbaum, LS; Staskal, DF (2004). "Brominated flame retardants: Cause for concern?". Environmental Health Perspectives. 112 (1): 9–17. Bibcode:2004EnvHP.112....9B. doi:10.1289/ehp.6559. PMC 1241790. PMID 14698924.
Wu, K.; Xu, X.; Peng, L.; Liu, J.; Guo, Y.; Huo, X. (2012). "Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health outcomes". Environment International. 41: 1–8. Bibcode:2012EnInt..48....1W. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.018. PMID 22820015.
Grant, Kristen; Goldizen, Fiona C; Sly, Peter D; Brune, Marie-Noel; Neira, Maria; van den Berg, Martin; Norman, Rosana E (December 2013). "Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: a systematic review". The Lancet Global Health. 1 (6): e350 – e361. doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70101-3. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 25104600.
Song, Qingbin; Li, Jinhui (January 2015). "A review on human health consequences of metals exposure to e-waste in China". Environmental Pollution. 196: 450–461. Bibcode:2015EPoll.196..450S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.004. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 25468213.
Li, Yan; Huo, Xia; Liu, Junxiao; Peng, Lin; Li, Weiqiu; Xu, Xijin (17 August 2010). "Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 177 (1–4): 343–351. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1638-6. ISSN 0167-6369. PMID 20714930. S2CID 207130613.
Wu, Kusheng; Xu, Xijin; Peng, Lin; Liu, Junxiao; Guo, Yongyong; Huo, Xia (November 2012). "Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health outcomes". Environment International. 48: 1–8. Bibcode:2012EnInt..48....1W. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.018. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 22820015.
Xu, Xijin; Yang, Hui; Chen, Aimin; Zhou, Yulin; Wu, Kusheng; Liu, Junxiao; Zhang, Yuling; Huo, Xia (January 2012). "Birth outcomes related to informal e-waste recycling in Guiyu, China". Reproductive Toxicology. 33 (1): 94–98. Bibcode:2012RepTx..33...94X. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.006. ISSN 0890-6238. PMID 22198181.
Bakhiyi, Bouchra; Gravel, Sabrina; Ceballos, Diana; Flynn, Michael A.; Zayed, Joseph (January 2018). "Has the question of e-waste opened a Pandora's box? An overview of unpredictable issues and challenges". Environment International. 110: 173–192. Bibcode:2018EnInt.110..173B. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.021. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 29122313.
Huo, X; Peng, L; Xu, X; Zheng, L; Qiu, B; Qi, Z; Zhang, B; Han, D; Piao, Z (July 2007). "Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China". Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (7): 1113–7. Bibcode:2007EnvHP.115.1113H. doi:10.1289/ehp.9697. PMC 1913570. PMID 17637931.
Zheng, Liangkai; Wu, Kusheng; Li, Yan; Qi, Zongli; Han, Dai; Zhang, Bao; Gu, Chengwu; Chen, Gangjian; Liu, Junxiao (September 2008). "Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China". Environmental Research. 108 (1): 15–20. Bibcode:2008ER....108...15Z. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.04.002. ISSN 0013-9351. PMID 18514186.
Lebbie, Tamba S.; Moyebi, Omosehin D.; Asante, Kwadwo Ansong; Fobil, Julius; Brune-Drisse, Marie Noel; Suk, William A.; Sly, Peter D.; Gorman, Julia; Carpenter, David O. (11 August 2021). "E-Waste in Africa: A Serious Threat to the Health of Children". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (16): 8488. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168488. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 8392572. PMID 34444234.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (April 2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia; Zhang, Yu; Xiao, Zhehong; Zhang, Yuling; Xu, Xijin (12 May 2018). "Lead exposure is associated with risk of impaired coagulation in preschool children from an e-waste recycling area". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (21): 20670–20679. Bibcode:2018ESPR...2520670Z. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2206-9. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29752673. S2CID 21665670.
Liu, Yu; Huo, Xia; Xu, Long; Wei, Xiaoqin; Wu, Wengli; Wu, Xianguang; Xu, Xijin (May 2018). "Hearing loss in children with e-waste lead and cadmium exposure". Science of the Total Environment. 624: 621–627. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.624..621L. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.091. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29272831.
Lin, Xinjiang; Xu, Xijin; Zeng, Xiang; Xu, Long; Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia (January 2017). "Decreased vaccine antibody titers following exposure to multiple metals and metalloids in e-waste-exposed preschool children". Environmental Pollution. 220 (Pt A): 354–363. Bibcode:2017EPoll.220..354L. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.071. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 27692881.
Ceballos, Diana Maria; Dong, Zhao (October 2016). "The formal electronic recycling industry: Challenges and opportunities in occupational and environmental health research". Environment International. 95: 157–166. Bibcode:2016EnInt..95..157C. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.010. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 27568575.

epa.gov

US EPA, OLEM (10 September 2019). "National Recycling Strategy". www.epa.gov.
"Statistics on the Management of Used and End-of-Life Electronics". US Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
"E-cycling certification". Environmental Protection Agency. 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.
"Sustainable Materials Management (SMM) Electronics Challenge". Sustainable Management of Electronics. US EPA. 22 September 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Sustainable Materials Management Electronics Challenge. Retrieved from "SMM Electronics Challenge". Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
"Question 8" (PDF). 9 August 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009.
US EPA, OMS (10 November 2014). "Regulatory and Guidance Information by Topic: Waste – Guide for Industrial Waste Management". www.epa.gov.

europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

environment.ec.europa.eu

"RoHS Directive - European Commission". environment.ec.europa.eu.

ec.europa.eu

"One common charging solution for all". Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs – European Commission. 5 July 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2021.

ewasteguide.info

"Ghana e-Waste Country Assessment" (PDF). SBC e-Waste Africa Project. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.

ewastemonitor.info

ewastemonitor (20 March 2024). "The Global E-waste Monitor 2024". E-Waste Monitor. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
"GTF 2022". E-Waste Monitor. 7 June 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.

fourgreensteps.com

Kozlan, Melanie (2 November 2010). "What is 'E-Waste' & How Can I Get Rid of It?!". Four Green Steps. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010.

get-green-now.com

"How to Reduce Electronic Waste and its Problems: 10 Simple Tips". 13 March 2018.

globalewaste.org

Forti V.; Baldé C.P.; Kuehr R. (2018). "E-waste Statistics: Guidelines on Classifications, Reporting and Indicators, second edition". The Global E-waste Statistics Partnership.

greenpeace.org

"Illegal e-waste exposed". Greenpeace International. Archived from the original on 11 July 2008.
"Poisoning the poor – Electronic Waste in Ghana". Greenpeace International. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008.
"Where does e-waste end up?". Greenpeace. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015.
"Poisoning the poor – Electronic Waste in Ghana". GREENPEACE. 5 August 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2019.

p3-raw.greenpeace.org

"Why BFRs and PVC should be phased out of electronic devices". Greenpeace International. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020.

grist.org

"E-waste recycling in U.S. prisons". 23 December 2006.

gsma.com

"E-Waste Legislative Framework Map". Mobile for Development. Retrieved 25 December 2020.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Peydayesh, M; Boschi, E; Donat, F; Mezzenga, R (May 2024). "Gold Recovery from E-Waste by Food-Waste Amyloid Aerogels". Advanced Materials. 36 (19): e2310642. Bibcode:2024AdM....3610642P. doi:10.1002/adma.202310642. hdl:20.500.11850/658267. PMID 38262611.

hardrawgathering.co.uk

"Benefits of Recycling". hardrawgathering.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kahhat, Ramzy; Kim, Junbeum; Xu, Ming; Allenby, Braden; Williams, Eric; Zhang, Peng (May 2008). "Exploring e-waste management systems in the United States". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 52 (7): 956. Bibcode:2008RCR....52..955K. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.03.002.
Sthiannopkao, Suthipong; Wong, Ming Hung (2013). "Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences". Science of the Total Environment. 463–464: 1147–1153. Bibcode:2013ScTEn.463.1147S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.088. PMID 22858354.
Osibanjo, Oladele (1 December 2007). "The Challenge of Electronic Waste (E-waste) Management in Developing Countries". Waste Management & Research. 25 (6): 489–501. Bibcode:2007WMR....25..489O. doi:10.1177/0734242x07082028. PMID 18229743. S2CID 21323480.
Ramzy Kahhat and Eric Williams (June 2009). "Product or Waste? Importation and End-of-Life Processing of Computers in Peru". Environmental Science and Technology. 43 (15). Center for Earth Systems Engineering and Management, Arizona State University / American Chemical Society: 6010–6016. Bibcode:2009EnST...43.6010K. doi:10.1021/es8035835. PMID 19731711.
Wong, M.H. (2007). "Export of toxic chemicals – A review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling". Environmental Pollution. 149 (2): 131–140. Bibcode:2007EPoll.149..131W. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.044. PMID 17412468.
Ngoc Ha, Nguyen; Agusa, Tetsuro; Ramu, Karri; Phuc Cam Tu, Nguyen; Murata, Satoko; Bulbule, Keshav A.; Parthasaraty, Peethmbaram; Takahashi, Shin; Subramanian, Annamalai; Tanabe, Shinsuke (2009). "Contamination by trace elements at e-waste recycling sites in Bangalore, India". Chemosphere. 76 (1): 9–15. Bibcode:2009Chmsp..76....9H. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.056. PMID 19345395.
Needhidasan, S; Samuel, M; Chidambaram, R (2014). "Electronic waste- an emerging threat to the environment of urban India". Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 12 (1): 36. Bibcode:2014JEHSE..12...36N. doi:10.1186/2052-336X-12-36. PMC 3908467. PMID 24444377.
de Vries, Alex; Stoll, Christian (1 December 2021). "Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 175 105901. Elsevier. Bibcode:2021RCR...17505901D. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901. ISSN 0921-3449. S2CID 240585651.
de Vries, Alex (17 April 2019). "Renewable Energy Will Not Solve Bitcoin's Sustainability Problem". Joule. 3 (4): 893–898. Bibcode:2019Joule...3..893D. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.02.007. ISSN 2542-4351. S2CID 169784459.
Frazzoli, Chiara; Orisakwe, Orish Ebere; Dragone, Roberto; Mantovani, Alberto (2010). "Diagnostic health risk assessment of electronic waste on the general population in developing countries' scenarios". Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 30 (6): 388–399. Bibcode:2010EIARv..30..388F. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2009.12.004.
Heacock Michelle; Kelly Carol Bain; Asante Kwadwo Ansong; Birnbaum Linda S.; Bergman Åke Lennart; Bruné Marie-Noel; Buka Irena; Carpenter David O.; Chen Aimin; Huo Xia; Kamel Mostafa (1 May 2016). "E-Waste and Harm to Vulnerable Populations: A Growing Global Problem". Environmental Health Perspectives. 124 (5): 550–555. Bibcode:2016EnvHP.124..550H. doi:10.1289/ehp.1509699. PMC 4858409. PMID 26418733.
Wath, Sushant B.; Dutt, P. S.; Chakrabarti, T. (2011). "E-waste scenario in India, its management and implications" (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 172 (1–4): 249–262. Bibcode:2011EMnAs.172..249W. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1331-9. PMID 20151189. S2CID 8070711.
Robinson, Brett H. (20 December 2009). "E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 183–191. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..183R. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 19846207. S2CID 4378676.
Peydayesh, M; Boschi, E; Donat, F; Mezzenga, R (May 2024). "Gold Recovery from E-Waste by Food-Waste Amyloid Aerogels". Advanced Materials. 36 (19): e2310642. Bibcode:2024AdM....3610642P. doi:10.1002/adma.202310642. hdl:20.500.11850/658267. PMID 38262611.
Chen, A.; Dietrich, K. N.; Huo, X.; Ho, S.-M. (2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (1 April 2011). "Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 1552-9924. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Wang Liulin; Hou Meiling; An Jing; Zhong Yufang; Wang Xuetong; Wang Yangjun; Wu Minghong; Bi Xinhui; Sheng Guoying; Fu Jiamo (2011). "The cytotoxic and genetoxic effects of dust and soil samples from E-waste recycling area on L02 cells". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 27 (9): 831–839. Bibcode:2011ToxIH..27..831W. doi:10.1177/0748233711399313. PMID 21421680. S2CID 208360586.
Birnbaum, LS; Staskal, DF (2004). "Brominated flame retardants: Cause for concern?". Environmental Health Perspectives. 112 (1): 9–17. Bibcode:2004EnvHP.112....9B. doi:10.1289/ehp.6559. PMC 1241790. PMID 14698924.
Wu, K.; Xu, X.; Peng, L.; Liu, J.; Guo, Y.; Huo, X. (2012). "Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health outcomes". Environment International. 41: 1–8. Bibcode:2012EnInt..48....1W. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.018. PMID 22820015.
Song, Qingbin; Li, Jinhui (January 2015). "A review on human health consequences of metals exposure to e-waste in China". Environmental Pollution. 196: 450–461. Bibcode:2015EPoll.196..450S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.004. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 25468213.
Wu, Kusheng; Xu, Xijin; Peng, Lin; Liu, Junxiao; Guo, Yongyong; Huo, Xia (November 2012). "Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health outcomes". Environment International. 48: 1–8. Bibcode:2012EnInt..48....1W. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.018. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 22820015.
Xu, Xijin; Yang, Hui; Chen, Aimin; Zhou, Yulin; Wu, Kusheng; Liu, Junxiao; Zhang, Yuling; Huo, Xia (January 2012). "Birth outcomes related to informal e-waste recycling in Guiyu, China". Reproductive Toxicology. 33 (1): 94–98. Bibcode:2012RepTx..33...94X. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.006. ISSN 0890-6238. PMID 22198181.
Bakhiyi, Bouchra; Gravel, Sabrina; Ceballos, Diana; Flynn, Michael A.; Zayed, Joseph (January 2018). "Has the question of e-waste opened a Pandora's box? An overview of unpredictable issues and challenges". Environment International. 110: 173–192. Bibcode:2018EnInt.110..173B. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.021. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 29122313.
Huo, X; Peng, L; Xu, X; Zheng, L; Qiu, B; Qi, Z; Zhang, B; Han, D; Piao, Z (July 2007). "Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China". Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (7): 1113–7. Bibcode:2007EnvHP.115.1113H. doi:10.1289/ehp.9697. PMC 1913570. PMID 17637931.
Zheng, Liangkai; Wu, Kusheng; Li, Yan; Qi, Zongli; Han, Dai; Zhang, Bao; Gu, Chengwu; Chen, Gangjian; Liu, Junxiao (September 2008). "Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China". Environmental Research. 108 (1): 15–20. Bibcode:2008ER....108...15Z. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.04.002. ISSN 0013-9351. PMID 18514186.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (April 2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia; Zhang, Yu; Xiao, Zhehong; Zhang, Yuling; Xu, Xijin (12 May 2018). "Lead exposure is associated with risk of impaired coagulation in preschool children from an e-waste recycling area". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (21): 20670–20679. Bibcode:2018ESPR...2520670Z. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2206-9. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29752673. S2CID 21665670.
Liu, Yu; Huo, Xia; Xu, Long; Wei, Xiaoqin; Wu, Wengli; Wu, Xianguang; Xu, Xijin (May 2018). "Hearing loss in children with e-waste lead and cadmium exposure". Science of the Total Environment. 624: 621–627. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.624..621L. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.091. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29272831.
Lin, Xinjiang; Xu, Xijin; Zeng, Xiang; Xu, Long; Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia (January 2017). "Decreased vaccine antibody titers following exposure to multiple metals and metalloids in e-waste-exposed preschool children". Environmental Pollution. 220 (Pt A): 354–363. Bibcode:2017EPoll.220..354L. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.071. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 27692881.
Ceballos, Diana Maria; Dong, Zhao (October 2016). "The formal electronic recycling industry: Challenges and opportunities in occupational and environmental health research". Environment International. 95: 157–166. Bibcode:2016EnInt..95..157C. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.010. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 27568575.

hup.harvard.edu

Slade, Giles (2006). "Made To Break: Technology and Obsolescence in America". Harvard University Press. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012.

hkbu.edu.hk

repository.hkbu.edu.hk

Wong, M.H. (2007). "Export of toxic chemicals – A review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling". Environmental Pollution. 149 (2): 131–140. Bibcode:2007EPoll.149..131W. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.044. PMID 17412468.

ilo.org

"Convention C170 – Chemicals Convention, 1990 (No. 170)". International Labour Organization. 6 June 1990. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

imo.org

"International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)". www.imo.org. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

it-green.co.uk

"Defining & categorization of wastes via the regulations". ITGreen. 2 June 2013. Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.

jstor.org

Luthar, Breda (2011). "Class, Cultural Capital, and the Mobile Phone". Sociologický Časopis. 47 (6): 1091–1118. JSTOR 23535016.
Fela, Jen (April 2010). "Developing countries face e-waste crisis". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 8 (3): 117. doi:10.1890/1540-9295-8.3.116. JSTOR 20696446.

learningace.com

"Kwiat_Environmental Educatioin". Learning Ace.^{[permanent dead link]}

lenntech.com

"Cadmium (Cd) – Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects". Lenntech.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.

mercuryconvention.org

Mercury, Minamata Convention on. "Minamata Convention on Mercury > Home". Minamata Convention on Mercury > Home. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

motherboard.tv

Ingenthron, Robin (31 March 2011). "Why We Should Ship Our Electronic "waste" to China and Africa". Motherboard.tv. Vice. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.

nationalgeographic.com

ngm.nationalgeographic.com

Carroll (January 2008). "High-Tech Trash". National Geographic Magazine Online. Archived from the original on 2 February 2008.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Perkins, Devin N.; Drisse, Marie-Noel Brune; Nxele, Tapiwa; Sly, Peter D. (25 November 2014). "E-Waste: A Global Hazard". Annals of Global Health. 80 (4): 286–295. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2014.10.001. PMID 25459330. S2CID 43167397.
Sthiannopkao, Suthipong; Wong, Ming Hung (2013). "Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences". Science of the Total Environment. 463–464: 1147–1153. Bibcode:2013ScTEn.463.1147S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.088. PMID 22858354.
Osibanjo, Oladele (1 December 2007). "The Challenge of Electronic Waste (E-waste) Management in Developing Countries". Waste Management & Research. 25 (6): 489–501. Bibcode:2007WMR....25..489O. doi:10.1177/0734242x07082028. PMID 18229743. S2CID 21323480.
Ramzy Kahhat and Eric Williams (June 2009). "Product or Waste? Importation and End-of-Life Processing of Computers in Peru". Environmental Science and Technology. 43 (15). Center for Earth Systems Engineering and Management, Arizona State University / American Chemical Society: 6010–6016. Bibcode:2009EnST...43.6010K. doi:10.1021/es8035835. PMID 19731711.
Wong, M.H. (2007). "Export of toxic chemicals – A review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling". Environmental Pollution. 149 (2): 131–140. Bibcode:2007EPoll.149..131W. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.044. PMID 17412468.
Ngoc Ha, Nguyen; Agusa, Tetsuro; Ramu, Karri; Phuc Cam Tu, Nguyen; Murata, Satoko; Bulbule, Keshav A.; Parthasaraty, Peethmbaram; Takahashi, Shin; Subramanian, Annamalai; Tanabe, Shinsuke (2009). "Contamination by trace elements at e-waste recycling sites in Bangalore, India". Chemosphere. 76 (1): 9–15. Bibcode:2009Chmsp..76....9H. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.056. PMID 19345395.
Needhidasan, S; Samuel, M; Chidambaram, R (2014). "Electronic waste- an emerging threat to the environment of urban India". Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 12 (1): 36. Bibcode:2014JEHSE..12...36N. doi:10.1186/2052-336X-12-36. PMC 3908467. PMID 24444377.
Heacock Michelle; Kelly Carol Bain; Asante Kwadwo Ansong; Birnbaum Linda S.; Bergman Åke Lennart; Bruné Marie-Noel; Buka Irena; Carpenter David O.; Chen Aimin; Huo Xia; Kamel Mostafa (1 May 2016). "E-Waste and Harm to Vulnerable Populations: A Growing Global Problem". Environmental Health Perspectives. 124 (5): 550–555. Bibcode:2016EnvHP.124..550H. doi:10.1289/ehp.1509699. PMC 4858409. PMID 26418733.
Wath, Sushant B.; Dutt, P. S.; Chakrabarti, T. (2011). "E-waste scenario in India, its management and implications" (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 172 (1–4): 249–262. Bibcode:2011EMnAs.172..249W. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1331-9. PMID 20151189. S2CID 8070711.
Robinson, Brett H. (20 December 2009). "E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 183–191. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..183R. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 19846207. S2CID 4378676.
Peydayesh, M; Boschi, E; Donat, F; Mezzenga, R (May 2024). "Gold Recovery from E-Waste by Food-Waste Amyloid Aerogels". Advanced Materials. 36 (19): e2310642. Bibcode:2024AdM....3610642P. doi:10.1002/adma.202310642. hdl:20.500.11850/658267. PMID 38262611.
Seif, Rania; Salem, Fatma Zakaria; Allam, Nageh K. (2023). "E-waste recycled materials as efficient catalysts for renewable energy technologies and better environmental sustainability". Environment, Development and Sustainability. 26 (3): 5473–5508. doi:10.1007/s10668-023-02925-7. PMC 9848041. PMID 36691418.
Chen, A.; Dietrich, K. N.; Huo, X.; Ho, S.-M. (2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (1 April 2011). "Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 1552-9924. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Wang Liulin; Hou Meiling; An Jing; Zhong Yufang; Wang Xuetong; Wang Yangjun; Wu Minghong; Bi Xinhui; Sheng Guoying; Fu Jiamo (2011). "The cytotoxic and genetoxic effects of dust and soil samples from E-waste recycling area on L02 cells". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 27 (9): 831–839. Bibcode:2011ToxIH..27..831W. doi:10.1177/0748233711399313. PMID 21421680. S2CID 208360586.
Birnbaum, LS; Staskal, DF (2004). "Brominated flame retardants: Cause for concern?". Environmental Health Perspectives. 112 (1): 9–17. Bibcode:2004EnvHP.112....9B. doi:10.1289/ehp.6559. PMC 1241790. PMID 14698924.
Wu, K.; Xu, X.; Peng, L.; Liu, J.; Guo, Y.; Huo, X. (2012). "Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health outcomes". Environment International. 41: 1–8. Bibcode:2012EnInt..48....1W. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.018. PMID 22820015.
Grant, Kristen; Goldizen, Fiona C; Sly, Peter D; Brune, Marie-Noel; Neira, Maria; van den Berg, Martin; Norman, Rosana E (December 2013). "Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: a systematic review". The Lancet Global Health. 1 (6): e350 – e361. doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70101-3. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 25104600.
Song, Qingbin; Li, Jinhui (January 2015). "A review on human health consequences of metals exposure to e-waste in China". Environmental Pollution. 196: 450–461. Bibcode:2015EPoll.196..450S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.004. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 25468213.
Li, Yan; Huo, Xia; Liu, Junxiao; Peng, Lin; Li, Weiqiu; Xu, Xijin (17 August 2010). "Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 177 (1–4): 343–351. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1638-6. ISSN 0167-6369. PMID 20714930. S2CID 207130613.
Wu, Kusheng; Xu, Xijin; Peng, Lin; Liu, Junxiao; Guo, Yongyong; Huo, Xia (November 2012). "Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health outcomes". Environment International. 48: 1–8. Bibcode:2012EnInt..48....1W. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.018. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 22820015.
Xu, Xijin; Yang, Hui; Chen, Aimin; Zhou, Yulin; Wu, Kusheng; Liu, Junxiao; Zhang, Yuling; Huo, Xia (January 2012). "Birth outcomes related to informal e-waste recycling in Guiyu, China". Reproductive Toxicology. 33 (1): 94–98. Bibcode:2012RepTx..33...94X. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.006. ISSN 0890-6238. PMID 22198181.
Bakhiyi, Bouchra; Gravel, Sabrina; Ceballos, Diana; Flynn, Michael A.; Zayed, Joseph (January 2018). "Has the question of e-waste opened a Pandora's box? An overview of unpredictable issues and challenges". Environment International. 110: 173–192. Bibcode:2018EnInt.110..173B. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.021. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 29122313.
Huo, X; Peng, L; Xu, X; Zheng, L; Qiu, B; Qi, Z; Zhang, B; Han, D; Piao, Z (July 2007). "Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China". Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (7): 1113–7. Bibcode:2007EnvHP.115.1113H. doi:10.1289/ehp.9697. PMC 1913570. PMID 17637931.
Zheng, Liangkai; Wu, Kusheng; Li, Yan; Qi, Zongli; Han, Dai; Zhang, Bao; Gu, Chengwu; Chen, Gangjian; Liu, Junxiao (September 2008). "Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China". Environmental Research. 108 (1): 15–20. Bibcode:2008ER....108...15Z. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.04.002. ISSN 0013-9351. PMID 18514186.
Lebbie, Tamba S.; Moyebi, Omosehin D.; Asante, Kwadwo Ansong; Fobil, Julius; Brune-Drisse, Marie Noel; Suk, William A.; Sly, Peter D.; Gorman, Julia; Carpenter, David O. (11 August 2021). "E-Waste in Africa: A Serious Threat to the Health of Children". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (16): 8488. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168488. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 8392572. PMID 34444234.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (April 2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia; Zhang, Yu; Xiao, Zhehong; Zhang, Yuling; Xu, Xijin (12 May 2018). "Lead exposure is associated with risk of impaired coagulation in preschool children from an e-waste recycling area". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (21): 20670–20679. Bibcode:2018ESPR...2520670Z. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2206-9. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29752673. S2CID 21665670.
Liu, Yu; Huo, Xia; Xu, Long; Wei, Xiaoqin; Wu, Wengli; Wu, Xianguang; Xu, Xijin (May 2018). "Hearing loss in children with e-waste lead and cadmium exposure". Science of the Total Environment. 624: 621–627. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.624..621L. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.091. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29272831.
Lin, Xinjiang; Xu, Xijin; Zeng, Xiang; Xu, Long; Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia (January 2017). "Decreased vaccine antibody titers following exposure to multiple metals and metalloids in e-waste-exposed preschool children". Environmental Pollution. 220 (Pt A): 354–363. Bibcode:2017EPoll.220..354L. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.071. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 27692881.
Ceballos, Diana Maria; Dong, Zhao (October 2016). "The formal electronic recycling industry: Challenges and opportunities in occupational and environmental health research". Environment International. 95: 157–166. Bibcode:2016EnInt..95..157C. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.010. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 27568575.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Needhidasan, S; Samuel, M; Chidambaram, R (2014). "Electronic waste- an emerging threat to the environment of urban India". Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 12 (1): 36. Bibcode:2014JEHSE..12...36N. doi:10.1186/2052-336X-12-36. PMC 3908467. PMID 24444377.
Heacock Michelle; Kelly Carol Bain; Asante Kwadwo Ansong; Birnbaum Linda S.; Bergman Åke Lennart; Bruné Marie-Noel; Buka Irena; Carpenter David O.; Chen Aimin; Huo Xia; Kamel Mostafa (1 May 2016). "E-Waste and Harm to Vulnerable Populations: A Growing Global Problem". Environmental Health Perspectives. 124 (5): 550–555. Bibcode:2016EnvHP.124..550H. doi:10.1289/ehp.1509699. PMC 4858409. PMID 26418733.
Seif, Rania; Salem, Fatma Zakaria; Allam, Nageh K. (2023). "E-waste recycled materials as efficient catalysts for renewable energy technologies and better environmental sustainability". Environment, Development and Sustainability. 26 (3): 5473–5508. doi:10.1007/s10668-023-02925-7. PMC 9848041. PMID 36691418.
Chen, A.; Dietrich, K. N.; Huo, X.; Ho, S.-M. (2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (1 April 2011). "Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 1552-9924. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Birnbaum, LS; Staskal, DF (2004). "Brominated flame retardants: Cause for concern?". Environmental Health Perspectives. 112 (1): 9–17. Bibcode:2004EnvHP.112....9B. doi:10.1289/ehp.6559. PMC 1241790. PMID 14698924.
Huo, X; Peng, L; Xu, X; Zheng, L; Qiu, B; Qi, Z; Zhang, B; Han, D; Piao, Z (July 2007). "Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China". Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (7): 1113–7. Bibcode:2007EnvHP.115.1113H. doi:10.1289/ehp.9697. PMC 1913570. PMID 17637931.
Lebbie, Tamba S.; Moyebi, Omosehin D.; Asante, Kwadwo Ansong; Fobil, Julius; Brune-Drisse, Marie Noel; Suk, William A.; Sly, Peter D.; Gorman, Julia; Carpenter, David O. (11 August 2021). "E-Waste in Africa: A Serious Threat to the Health of Children". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (16): 8488. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168488. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 8392572. PMID 34444234.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (April 2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.

nlm.nih.gov

"Americium, Radioactive". TOXNET Toxicology Data Network. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.

toxtown.nlm.nih.gov

"Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)". Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

novinite.com

"40 Million BGN Invested in Bulgaria's 1st Appliances Recycle Plant". Sofia News Agency. 28 June 2010. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2011.

npr.org

"E-Trash Industry Poses Hazards to Workers". Archived from the original on 21 September 2008.

nytimes.com

Peltier, Elian (23 September 2021). "In a setback for Apple, the European Union seeks a common charger for all phones". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 October 2021.

osha.gov

"Health Effects". United States Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
"Recycling | Consumer Electronics". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
"OSHA Occupational Chemical Database | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
"OSHA Occupational Chemical Database | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
"OSHA Occupational Chemical Database | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
"OSHA Occupational Chemical Database | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
"OSHA Occupational Chemical Database | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 13 December 2018.

plasticscribbler.com

"Zero or close to zero waste". plasticscribbler.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

pops.int

chm.pops.int

Convention, Stockholm (19 February 2021). "Home page". Stockholm Convention. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

pureplanetrecycling.co.uk

"Data Destruction". www.pureplanetrecycling.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.

redmondmag.com

Chea, Terence (18 November 2007). "America Ships Electronic Waste Overseas". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014.

repec.org

ideas.repec.org

Jana, Rabin K.; Ghosh, Indranil; Das, Debojyoti; Dutta, Anupam (2021). "Determinants of electronic waste generation in Bitcoin network: Evidence from the machine learning approach". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 173 (C): 121101. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121101.

researchgate.net

Forti, Vanessa (2 July 2020). "The Global E-Waste Monitor 2020: Quantities, Flows and the Circular Economy Potential". ResearchGate.

resource-recycling.com

Leif, Dan (3 November 2021). "Igneo targets low-grade scrap electronics with $85M plant". Retrieved 28 November 2021.

salon.com

Grossman, Elizabeth (10 April 2006). "Where computers go to die – and kill (4/10/2006)". Salon.com. Retrieved 8 November 2012.

sciencedirect.com

de Vries, Alex; Stoll, Christian (1 December 2021). "Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 175 105901. Elsevier. Bibcode:2021RCR...17505901D. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901. ISSN 0921-3449. S2CID 240585651.

seattletimes.com

"E-Waste Dump of the World". Seattletimes.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Perkins, Devin N.; Drisse, Marie-Noel Brune; Nxele, Tapiwa; Sly, Peter D. (25 November 2014). "E-Waste: A Global Hazard". Annals of Global Health. 80 (4): 286–295. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2014.10.001. PMID 25459330. S2CID 43167397.
Holuszko, Maria E.; Espinosa, Denise C. R.; Scarazzato, Tatiana; Kumar, Amit (10 January 2022). Holuszko, Maria E.; Kumar, Amit; Espinosa, Denise C.R. (eds.). Introduction, Vision, and Opportunities (1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 1–13. doi:10.1002/9783527816392.ch1. ISBN 978-3-527-34490-1. S2CID 244687606.
Osibanjo, Oladele (1 December 2007). "The Challenge of Electronic Waste (E-waste) Management in Developing Countries". Waste Management & Research. 25 (6): 489–501. Bibcode:2007WMR....25..489O. doi:10.1177/0734242x07082028. PMID 18229743. S2CID 21323480.
Mukherjee, Rahul (2017). "Anticipating Ruinations: Ecologies of 'Make Do' and 'Left With'". Journal of Visual Culture. 16 (3): 287–309. doi:10.1177/1470412917740884. S2CID 148682371.
de Vries, Alex; Stoll, Christian (1 December 2021). "Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 175 105901. Elsevier. Bibcode:2021RCR...17505901D. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901. ISSN 0921-3449. S2CID 240585651.
de Vries, Alex (17 April 2019). "Renewable Energy Will Not Solve Bitcoin's Sustainability Problem". Joule. 3 (4): 893–898. Bibcode:2019Joule...3..893D. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.02.007. ISSN 2542-4351. S2CID 169784459.
Koomey, Jonathan; Berard, Stephen; Sanchez, Marla; Wong, Henry (March 2011). "Implications of Historical Trends in the Electrical Efficiency of Computing". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 33 (3): 46–54. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2010.28. ISSN 1934-1547. S2CID 8305701. Koomey's law describes a trend: "at a fixed computing load, the amount of battery you need will fall by a factor of two every year and a half.", Koomey wrote.
Wath, Sushant B.; Dutt, P. S.; Chakrabarti, T. (2011). "E-waste scenario in India, its management and implications" (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 172 (1–4): 249–262. Bibcode:2011EMnAs.172..249W. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1331-9. PMID 20151189. S2CID 8070711.
Robinson, Brett H. (20 December 2009). "E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 183–191. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..183R. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 19846207. S2CID 4378676.
Yuan, C.; Zhang, H. C.; McKenna, G.; Korzeniewski, C.; Li, J. (2007). "Experimental Studies on Cryogenic Recycling of Printed Circuit Board". International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 34 (7–8): 657–666. doi:10.1007/s00170-006-0634-z. S2CID 109520016.
Kunz, Nathan (2018). "Stakeholder Views on Extended Producer Responsibility and the Circular Economy". California Management Review. 60 (3): 45–70. doi:10.1177/0008125617752694. S2CID 158615408.
Wang Liulin; Hou Meiling; An Jing; Zhong Yufang; Wang Xuetong; Wang Yangjun; Wu Minghong; Bi Xinhui; Sheng Guoying; Fu Jiamo (2011). "The cytotoxic and genetoxic effects of dust and soil samples from E-waste recycling area on L02 cells". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 27 (9): 831–839. Bibcode:2011ToxIH..27..831W. doi:10.1177/0748233711399313. PMID 21421680. S2CID 208360586.
Li, Yan; Huo, Xia; Liu, Junxiao; Peng, Lin; Li, Weiqiu; Xu, Xijin (17 August 2010). "Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 177 (1–4): 343–351. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1638-6. ISSN 0167-6369. PMID 20714930. S2CID 207130613.
Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia; Zhang, Yu; Xiao, Zhehong; Zhang, Yuling; Xu, Xijin (12 May 2018). "Lead exposure is associated with risk of impaired coagulation in preschool children from an e-waste recycling area". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (21): 20670–20679. Bibcode:2018ESPR...2520670Z. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2206-9. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29752673. S2CID 21665670.

shanghaiscrap.com

Minter, Adam (7 March 2011). "Shanghai Scrap". Wasted 7/7. The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 23 March 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.

simsrecycling.co.uk

"WEEE recycling resources". Simsrecycling.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.

smartbiz.com

Morgan, Russell (21 August 2006). "Tips and Tricks for Recycling Old Computers". SmartBiz. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009.

sometimes-interesting.com

"Electronic Waste Dump of the World". Sometimes-interesting.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.

speclab.com

"Chemical fact sheet: Thallium". Spectrum Laboratories. Archived from the original on 21 February 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2008.

ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

Saleh, Fahad (7 July 2020). "Blockchain Without Waste: Proof-of-Stake". SSRN 3183935.

staples.com

"Staples recycling and eco-stapling". Staples.com. 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013.

step-initiative.org

Ruediger, Kuehr (21 February 2018). "Developing Legislative Principles for e-waste policy in developing and emerging countries". Solving the E-Waste Problem: 24.

svtc.org

"Poison PCs and toxic TVs" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2011.

takebackmytv.com

"None".

theguardian.com

Smedley, Tim. The Guardian, 2013. Web. 22 May 2015. Smedley, Tim (18 November 2013). "Is Phonebloks really the future of sustainable smartphones?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
"Apple opposes EU plans to make common charger port for all devices". The Guardian. 23 September 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
Solon, Olivia (6 March 2017). "The Guardian: A right to repair: why Nebraska farmers are taking on John Deere and Apple". The Guardian.

therestartproject.org

"The Restart Project". therestartproject.org.

theroundup.org

"17 Shocking E-Waste Statistics In 2022 - The Roundup". theroundup.org. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2022.

theverge.com

Porter, Jon; Vincent, James (7 June 2022). "USB-C will be mandatory for phones sold in the EU 'by autumn 2024'". The Verge. Retrieved 7 June 2022.

time.com

science.time.com

Walsh, Bryan (8 March 2012). "E-Waste: How the New IPad Adds to Electronic Garbage". Time. Retrieved 22 May 2015.

tmcnet.com

green.tmcnet.com

Prashant, Nitya (20 August 2008). "Cash For Laptops Offers 'Green' Solution for Broken or Outdated Computers". Green Technology. Norwalk, Connecticut: Technology Marketing Corporation. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2009.

un.org

Section, United Nations News Service (22 February 2010). "As e-waste mountains soar, UN urges smart technologies to protect health". United Nations-DPI/NMD – UN News Service Section. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.

unemg.org

""Supporting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by enhancing UN system-wide collaboration and coherent responses on environmental matters"United Nations System-wide Response to Tackling E-waste" (PDF). unemg.org. 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

unep.org

"Urgent need to prepare developing countries for surges in E-Waste". Archived from the original on 31 May 2011.

ozone.unep.org

"The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer". Ozone Secretariat. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

unfccc.int

"The Paris Agreement". unfccc.int. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

unpan.org

workspace.unpan.org

"Characteristics of E-waste Recycling System in Japan and China" (PDF). workspace.unpan.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

web.archive.org

Sakar, Anne (12 February 2016). "Dad brought home lead, kids got sick". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
Morgan, Russell (21 August 2006). "Tips and Tricks for Recycling Old Computers". SmartBiz. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
"Defining & categorization of wastes via the regulations". ITGreen. 2 June 2013. Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
"Ghana e-Waste Country Assessment" (PDF). SBC e-Waste Africa Project. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
Smedley, Tim. The Guardian, 2013. Web. 22 May 2015. Smedley, Tim (18 November 2013). "Is Phonebloks really the future of sustainable smartphones?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
"Statistics on the Management of Used and End-of-Life Electronics". US Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
"Environment". Mobile Recycling - The safest business phone & laptop recyclers. ECD Mobile Recycling. 18 February 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
Section, United Nations News Service (22 February 2010). "As e-waste mountains soar, UN urges smart technologies to protect health". United Nations-DPI/NMD – UN News Service Section. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
"Urgent need to prepare developing countries for surges in E-Waste". Archived from the original on 31 May 2011.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Kozlan, Melanie (2 November 2010). "What is 'E-Waste' & How Can I Get Rid of It?!". Four Green Steps. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010.
"Poison PCs and toxic TVs" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2011.
Ingenthron, Robin (31 March 2011). "Why We Should Ship Our Electronic "waste" to China and Africa". Motherboard.tv. Vice. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.
"International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)". www.imo.org. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
Prashant, Nitya (20 August 2008). "Cash For Laptops Offers 'Green' Solution for Broken or Outdated Computers". Green Technology. Norwalk, Connecticut: Technology Marketing Corporation. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
Basel Action Network; Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (25 February 2002). "Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia" (PDF). Seattle and San Jose. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2008.
Chea, Terence (18 November 2007). "America Ships Electronic Waste Overseas". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014.
Slade, Giles (2006). "Made To Break: Technology and Obsolescence in America". Harvard University Press. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012.
Carroll (January 2008). "High-Tech Trash". National Geographic Magazine Online. Archived from the original on 2 February 2008.
Minter, Adam (7 March 2011). "Shanghai Scrap". Wasted 7/7. The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 23 March 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
"Illegal e-waste exposed". Greenpeace International. Archived from the original on 11 July 2008.
"E-Trash Industry Poses Hazards to Workers". Archived from the original on 21 September 2008.
Simmons, Dan (14 October 2005). "British Broadcasting Corporation". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 December 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
"Poisoning the poor – Electronic Waste in Ghana". Greenpeace International. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008.
"British Broadcasting Corporation". BBC News. 5 August 2008. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
"British Broadcasting Corporation". BBC News. 27 November 2006. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
Carney, Liz (19 December 2006). "British Broadcasting Corporation". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Slade, Giles. "Computer age leftovers". Denver Post. Archived from the original on 8 December 2006. Retrieved 13 November 2006.
"Electronic Waste Dump of the World". Sometimes-interesting.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
"E-Waste Dump of the World". Seattletimes.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
"Where does e-waste end up?". Greenpeace. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015.
Chasant, Muntaka (9 December 2018). "Videos and Photos of Agbogbloshie, Ghana". ATC MASK. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
"Data Destruction". www.pureplanetrecycling.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
"E-cycling certification". Environmental Protection Agency. 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.
"Best Buy Recycles". Bestbuy.com. 2013. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013.
"Staples recycling and eco-stapling". Staples.com. 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013.
"CEA – eCycle". ce.org. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Sustainable Materials Management Electronics Challenge. Retrieved from "SMM Electronics Challenge". Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
"Home – Electronics TakeBack Coalition". Electronicstakeback.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
"How to Find a Responsible Recycler". Electronics TakeBack Coalition. Archived from the original on 8 May 2009.
"Default Parallels Plesk Panel Page". Certifiedelectronicsrecycler.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
"E-Waste Problem Overview". Archived from the original on 13 November 2010.
"40 Million BGN Invested in Bulgaria's 1st Appliances Recycle Plant". Sofia News Agency. 28 June 2010. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
"Bulgaria Opens Largest WEEE Recycling Factory in Eastern Europe". Ask-eu.com. 12 July 2010. Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
"WEEE recycling resources". Simsrecycling.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
"Benefits of Recycling". hardrawgathering.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
"What can be recycled from e-waste?". zerowaste.sa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"How to Print 3D Parts Better". sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"Zero or close to zero waste". plasticscribbler.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"THE FUTURE OF ELECTRONIC WASTE RECYCLING IN THE UNITED STATES: Obstacles and Domestic Solution" (PDF). sea.columbia.edu/. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"Characteristics of E-waste Recycling System in Japan and China" (PDF). workspace.unpan.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"Chemical fact sheet: Thallium". Spectrum Laboratories. Archived from the original on 21 February 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
"Americium, Radioactive". TOXNET Toxicology Data Network. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.
"Question 8" (PDF). 9 August 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009.
"Cadmium (Cd) – Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects". Lenntech.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
Becker, Greg; Lee, Chris; Lin, Zuchen (July 2005). "Thermal conductivity in advanced chips: Emerging generation of thermal greases offers advantages". Advanced Packaging: 2–4. Archived from the original on 21 June 2000. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
"Health Effects". United States Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
"Flame retardants & PVC in electronics". Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.
"Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)". Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
"Lead". Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. 19 September 2019. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
"ADISA website". Asset Disposal and Information Security Alliance. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.

weee-forum.org

"International E-Waste Day: 57.4M Tonnes Expected in 2021 | WEEE Forum". weee-forum.org. 13 October 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

weforum.org

"A New Circular Vision for Electronics, Time for a Global Reboot". World Economic Forum. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

who.int

"Electronic waste (e-waste)". www.who.int. Retrieved 7 April 2024.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Holuszko, Maria E.; Espinosa, Denise C. R.; Scarazzato, Tatiana; Kumar, Amit (10 January 2022). Holuszko, Maria E.; Kumar, Amit; Espinosa, Denise C.R. (eds.). Introduction, Vision, and Opportunities (1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 1–13. doi:10.1002/9783527816392.ch1. ISBN 978-3-527-34490-1. S2CID 244687606.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Liu, Kang; Tan, Quanyin; Yu, Jiadong; Wang, Mengmeng (1 March 2023). "A global perspective on e-waste recycling". Circular Economy. 2 (1): 100028. doi:10.1016/j.cec.2023.100028. ISSN 2773-1677.
de Vries, Alex; Stoll, Christian (1 December 2021). "Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 175 105901. Elsevier. Bibcode:2021RCR...17505901D. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901. ISSN 0921-3449. S2CID 240585651.
de Vries, Alex (17 April 2019). "Renewable Energy Will Not Solve Bitcoin's Sustainability Problem". Joule. 3 (4): 893–898. Bibcode:2019Joule...3..893D. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.02.007. ISSN 2542-4351. S2CID 169784459.
Koomey, Jonathan; Berard, Stephen; Sanchez, Marla; Wong, Henry (March 2011). "Implications of Historical Trends in the Electrical Efficiency of Computing". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 33 (3): 46–54. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2010.28. ISSN 1934-1547. S2CID 8305701. Koomey's law describes a trend: "at a fixed computing load, the amount of battery you need will fall by a factor of two every year and a half.", Koomey wrote.
Robinson, Brett H. (20 December 2009). "E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 183–191. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..183R. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 19846207. S2CID 4378676.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (1 April 2011). "Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 1552-9924. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Grant, Kristen; Goldizen, Fiona C; Sly, Peter D; Brune, Marie-Noel; Neira, Maria; van den Berg, Martin; Norman, Rosana E (December 2013). "Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: a systematic review". The Lancet Global Health. 1 (6): e350 – e361. doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70101-3. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 25104600.
Song, Qingbin; Li, Jinhui (January 2015). "A review on human health consequences of metals exposure to e-waste in China". Environmental Pollution. 196: 450–461. Bibcode:2015EPoll.196..450S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.004. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 25468213.
Li, Yan; Huo, Xia; Liu, Junxiao; Peng, Lin; Li, Weiqiu; Xu, Xijin (17 August 2010). "Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 177 (1–4): 343–351. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1638-6. ISSN 0167-6369. PMID 20714930. S2CID 207130613.
Wu, Kusheng; Xu, Xijin; Peng, Lin; Liu, Junxiao; Guo, Yongyong; Huo, Xia (November 2012). "Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health outcomes". Environment International. 48: 1–8. Bibcode:2012EnInt..48....1W. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.018. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 22820015.
Xu, Xijin; Yang, Hui; Chen, Aimin; Zhou, Yulin; Wu, Kusheng; Liu, Junxiao; Zhang, Yuling; Huo, Xia (January 2012). "Birth outcomes related to informal e-waste recycling in Guiyu, China". Reproductive Toxicology. 33 (1): 94–98. Bibcode:2012RepTx..33...94X. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.006. ISSN 0890-6238. PMID 22198181.
Bakhiyi, Bouchra; Gravel, Sabrina; Ceballos, Diana; Flynn, Michael A.; Zayed, Joseph (January 2018). "Has the question of e-waste opened a Pandora's box? An overview of unpredictable issues and challenges". Environment International. 110: 173–192. Bibcode:2018EnInt.110..173B. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.021. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 29122313.
Zheng, Liangkai; Wu, Kusheng; Li, Yan; Qi, Zongli; Han, Dai; Zhang, Bao; Gu, Chengwu; Chen, Gangjian; Liu, Junxiao (September 2008). "Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China". Environmental Research. 108 (1): 15–20. Bibcode:2008ER....108...15Z. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.04.002. ISSN 0013-9351. PMID 18514186.
Lebbie, Tamba S.; Moyebi, Omosehin D.; Asante, Kwadwo Ansong; Fobil, Julius; Brune-Drisse, Marie Noel; Suk, William A.; Sly, Peter D.; Gorman, Julia; Carpenter, David O. (11 August 2021). "E-Waste in Africa: A Serious Threat to the Health of Children". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (16): 8488. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168488. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 8392572. PMID 34444234.
Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.; Huo, Xia; Ho, Shuk-mei (April 2011). "Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (4): 431–438. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..431C. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 3080922. PMID 21081302.
Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia; Zhang, Yu; Xiao, Zhehong; Zhang, Yuling; Xu, Xijin (12 May 2018). "Lead exposure is associated with risk of impaired coagulation in preschool children from an e-waste recycling area". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (21): 20670–20679. Bibcode:2018ESPR...2520670Z. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2206-9. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29752673. S2CID 21665670.
Liu, Yu; Huo, Xia; Xu, Long; Wei, Xiaoqin; Wu, Wengli; Wu, Xianguang; Xu, Xijin (May 2018). "Hearing loss in children with e-waste lead and cadmium exposure". Science of the Total Environment. 624: 621–627. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.624..621L. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.091. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29272831.
Lin, Xinjiang; Xu, Xijin; Zeng, Xiang; Xu, Long; Zeng, Zhijun; Huo, Xia (January 2017). "Decreased vaccine antibody titers following exposure to multiple metals and metalloids in e-waste-exposed preschool children". Environmental Pollution. 220 (Pt A): 354–363. Bibcode:2017EPoll.220..354L. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.071. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 27692881.
Ceballos, Diana Maria; Dong, Zhao (October 2016). "The formal electronic recycling industry: Challenges and opportunities in occupational and environmental health research". Environment International. 95: 157–166. Bibcode:2016EnInt..95..157C. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.010. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 27568575.

wowt.com

Marin, Johan (15 October 2022). "College of Saint Mary spreads sustainability awareness through recycling event". wowt.com. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

zerowaste.sa.gov.au

"What can be recycled from e-waste?". zerowaste.sa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.