Encryption (English Wikipedia)

Diffie, Whitfield; Hellman, Martin (1976), "New directions in cryptography", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 22 (6): 644–654, Bibcode:1976ITIT...22..644D, doi:10.1109/TIT.1976.1055638

apple.com (Global: 70^th place; English: 55^th place)

support.apple.com

"Welcome". Apple Support.

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

"Researchers crack open unusually advanced malware that hid for 5 years". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2016-12-25.
"New cloud attack takes full control of virtual machines with little effort". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2016-12-25.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Nikitin, Kirill; Barman, Ludovic; Lueks, Wouter; Underwood, Matthew; Hubaux, Jean-Pierre; Ford, Bryan (2019). "Reducing Metadata Leakage from Encrypted Files and Communication with PURBs" (PDF). Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETS). 2019 (4): 6–33. arXiv:1806.03160. doi:10.2478/popets-2019-0056. S2CID 47011059.

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

security.berkeley.edu

"Data Encryption in Transit Guideline". Berkeley Information Security Office. Archived from the original on Dec 5, 2023.

binance.vision (Global: low place; English: low place)

"History of Cryptography". Binance Academy. Archived from the original on 2020-04-26. Retrieved 2020-04-02.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Lennon, Brian (2018). Passwords: Philology, Security, Authentication. Harvard University Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780674985377.

broadcom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Broadcom to Acquire Symantec Enterprise Security Business for $10.7 Billion in Cash" (Press release). Broadcom Inc. August 8, 2019. Retrieved 2026-09-28.
"Broadcom Completes Acquisition of Symantec Enterprise Security Business" (Press release). Broadcom Inc. November 4, 2019. Retrieved 2026-09-28.

circleid.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Catania, Simone (2022-11-02). "The Modern Encryption Debate: What's at Stake?". CircleID.

cmpnet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

i.cmpnet.com

Robert Richardson, 2008 CSI Computer Crime and Security Survey at 19.i.cmpnet.com

computerworld.com (Global: 3,446^th place; English: 2,279^th place)

Kirk, Jeremy (April 29, 2010). "Symantec buys encryption specialist PGP for $300M". Computerworld. Archived from the original on January 31, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2020.

cryptomathic.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stubbs, Rob. "Classification of Cryptographic Keys". www.cryptomathic.com. Retrieved 2021-02-03.

cryptomove.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

CryptoMove Archived 2021-02-06 at the Wayback Machine is the first technology to continuously move, mutate, and re-encrypt ciphertext as a form of data protection.

cryptomuseum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"M-94". www.cryptomuseum.com. Retrieved 2020-04-02.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Johnson, Leighton (2016). "Security Component Fundamentals for Assessment". Security Controls Evaluation, Testing, and Assessment Handbook. pp. 531–627. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-802324-2.00011-7. ISBN 978-0-12-802324-2.
Diffie, Whitfield; Hellman, Martin (1976), "New directions in cryptography", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 22 (6): 644–654, Bibcode:1976ITIT...22..644D, doi:10.1109/TIT.1976.1055638
Prasetyo, Deny; Widianto, Eko Didik; Indasari, Ike Pratiwi (6 September 2019). "Short Message Service Encoding Using the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Algorithm". Jurnal Online Informatika. 4 (1): 39. doi:10.15575/join.v4i1.264.
Sharma, Moolchand; Choudhary, Vikas; Bhatia, R. S.; Malik, Sahil; Raina, Anshuman; Khandelwal, Harshit (3 April 2021). "Leveraging the power of quantum computing for breaking RSA encryption". Cyber-Physical Systems. 7 (2): 73–92. doi:10.1080/23335777.2020.1811384. S2CID 225312133.
Chen, Lily; Jordan, Stephen; Liu, Yi-Kai; Moody, Dustin; Peralta, Rene; Perlner, Ray; Smith-Tone, Daniel (2016-04-28). Report on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PDF) (Report). National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.6028/NIST.IR.8105. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-09-18. Retrieved 2026-09-25. it can have the effect of requiring larger key sizes, even in the symmetric key case.
Banerjee, A.; Reddy.K, T.; Schoinianakis, D.; Hollebeek, T.; Ounsworth, M. (2026-06-24). Post-Quantum Cryptography for Engineers (Report). RFC Editor. doi:10.17487/RFC9958. Retrieved 2026-09-25. Grover's algorithm is a quantum search algorithm that provides a theoretical quadratic speedup for searching an unstructured database,
Moody, Dustin; Robinson, Angela (2022-11-02). "Cryptographic Standards in the Post-Quantum Era". IEEE Security & Privacy. 20 (6): 66–72. doi:10.1109/MSEC.2022.3202589. ISSN 1540-7993. Grover's algorithm is a generic quantum algorithm that yields a quadratic speedup on unstructured search,
Nikitin, Kirill; Barman, Ludovic; Lueks, Wouter; Underwood, Matthew; Hubaux, Jean-Pierre; Ford, Bryan (2019). "Reducing Metadata Leakage from Encrypted Files and Communication with PURBs" (PDF). Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETS). 2019 (4): 6–33. arXiv:1806.03160. doi:10.2478/popets-2019-0056. S2CID 47011059.

eff.org (Global: 4,491^st place; English: 3,102^nd place)

"DRM". Electronic Frontier Foundation.

federalregister.gov (Global: 2,513^th place; English: 1,292^nd place)

"HIPAA Security Rule To Strengthen the Cybersecurity of Electronic Protected Health Information". Federal Register. January 6, 2025. p. 898. Retrieved 2026-03-14.

garykessler.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kessler, Gary (November 17, 2006). "An Overview of Cryptography". Princeton University.

gchq.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Public-Key Encryption – how GCHQ got there first!". gchq.gov.uk. Archived from the original on May 19, 2010.

geeksforgeeks.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Caesar Cipher in Cryptography". GeeksforGeeks. 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2020-04-02.

hhs.gov (Global: 6,008^th place; English: 3,458^th place)

"Guidance to Render Unsecured Protected Health Information Unusable, Unreadable, or Indecipherable to Unauthorized Individuals". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2026-03-14.

iaktueller.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Symmetric-key encryption software". Archived from the original on 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-02-15.

ic.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

doc.ic.ac.uk

"Chapter 3. Modular Arithmetic". www.doc.ic.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2021-10-11. Retrieved 2021-08-15.

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Moody, Dustin; Robinson, Angela (2022-11-02). "Cryptographic Standards in the Post-Quantum Era". IEEE Security & Privacy. 20 (6): 66–72. doi:10.1109/MSEC.2022.3202589. ISSN 1540-7993. Grover's algorithm is a generic quantum algorithm that yields a quadratic speedup on unstructured search,

ietf.org (Global: 731^st place; English: 625^th place)

tools.ietf.org

Sheffer, Y.; Holz, R.; Saint-Andre, P. (February 2015). Summarizing Known Attacks on Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram TLS (DTLS) (Report).

ionos.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Encryption methods: An overview". IONOS Digital Guide. Retrieved 2022-10-07.

kaspersky.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

usa.kaspersky.com

"What is a Trojan Virus – Malware Protection – Kaspersky Lab US". 3 October 2023.

monticello.org (Global: 7,799^th place; English: 4,299^th place)

"Wheel Cipher". www.monticello.org. Retrieved 2020-04-02.

natlawreview.com (Global: low place; English: 5,683^rd place)

Castricone, D.M. (2 February 2018). "Health Care Group News: $3.5 M OCR Settlement for Five Breaches Affecting Fewer Than 500 Patients Each". The National Law Review. National Law Forum LLC. Retrieved 8 May 2018.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Solenov, Dmitry; Brieler, Jay; Scherrer, Jeffrey F. (2018). "The Potential of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning to Advance Clinical Research and Change the Practice of Medicine". Missouri Medicine. 115 (5): 463–467. PMC 6205278. PMID 30385997.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Solenov, Dmitry; Brieler, Jay; Scherrer, Jeffrey F. (2018). "The Potential of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning to Advance Clinical Research and Change the Practice of Medicine". Missouri Medicine. 115 (5): 463–467. PMC 6205278. PMID 30385997.

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

nvlpubs.nist.gov

Chen, Lily; Jordan, Stephen; Liu, Yi-Kai; Moody, Dustin; Peralta, Rene; Perlner, Ray; Smith-Tone, Daniel (2016-04-28). Report on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PDF) (Report). National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.6028/NIST.IR.8105. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-09-18. Retrieved 2026-09-25. it can have the effect of requiring larger key sizes, even in the symmetric key case.

csrc.nist.gov

"Moving Target Defense (MTD) – NIST CSRC Glossary". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2025-04-24.

nsa.gov (Global: 7,332^nd place; English: 4,773^rd place)

"Post-Quantum Cybersecurity Resources". www.nsa.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-16.

pcisecuritystandards.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How can an entity meet PCI DSS requirements for PAN masking and truncation if it has migrated to 8-digit BINs?". PCI Security Standards Council. April 2024. Retrieved 2026-09-29.
"Is it permissible to use self-decrypting files for encryption to send cardholder data?". PCI Security Standards Council. July 2025. Retrieved 2026-09-29.
"PCI DSS v4.0 Quick Reference Guide". PCI Security Standards Council. Retrieved 2026-03-14.

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889^th place; English: 1,323^rd place)

Keane, J. (13 January 2016). "Why stolen laptops still cause data breaches, and what's being done to stop them". PCWorld. IDG Communications, Inc. Retrieved 8 May 2018.

petsymposium.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nikitin, Kirill; Barman, Ludovic; Lueks, Wouter; Underwood, Matthew; Hubaux, Jean-Pierre; Ford, Bryan (2019). "Reducing Metadata Leakage from Encrypted Files and Communication with PURBs" (PDF). Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETS). 2019 (4): 6–33. arXiv:1806.03160. doi:10.2478/popets-2019-0056. S2CID 47011059.

physicsworld.com (Global: 6,771^st place; English: 5,238^th place)

"Quantum computers vastly outperform supercomputers when it comes to energy efficiency". Physics World. 2020-05-01. Retrieved 2021-05-02.

rfc-editor.org (Global: 747^th place; English: 325^th place)

Banerjee, A.; Reddy.K, T.; Schoinianakis, D.; Hollebeek, T.; Ounsworth, M. (2026-06-24). Post-Quantum Cryptography for Engineers (Report). RFC Editor. doi:10.17487/RFC9958. Retrieved 2026-09-25. Grover's algorithm is a quantum search algorithm that provides a theoretical quadratic speedup for searching an unstructured database,

robertheaton.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Padding Oracle Attack – why crypto is terrifying". Robert Heaton. Retrieved 2016-12-25.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Sharma, Moolchand; Choudhary, Vikas; Bhatia, R. S.; Malik, Sahil; Raina, Anshuman; Khandelwal, Harshit (3 April 2021). "Leveraging the power of quantum computing for breaking RSA encryption". Cyber-Physical Systems. 7 (2): 73–92. doi:10.1080/23335777.2020.1811384. S2CID 225312133.
Nikitin, Kirill; Barman, Ludovic; Lueks, Wouter; Underwood, Matthew; Hubaux, Jean-Pierre; Ford, Bryan (2019). "Reducing Metadata Leakage from Encrypted Files and Communication with PURBs" (PDF). Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETS). 2019 (4): 6–33. arXiv:1806.03160. doi:10.2478/popets-2019-0056. S2CID 47011059.

siliconangle.com (Global: low place; English: 9,409^th place)

Riley, Duncan (November 5, 2019). "Symantec is now NortonLifeLock as Broadcom closes purchase of its enterprise business". SiliconANGLE. Retrieved 2026-09-28.

spinquanta.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How Shor's Algorithm Breaks RSA: A Quantum Computing Guide | SpinQ". www.spinquanta.com. Retrieved 2025-09-30.

storj.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

Examples of data fragmentation technologies include Tahoe-LAFS and Storj.

swarthmore.edu (Global: 6,821^st place; English: 4,163^rd place)

sccs.swarthmore.edu

Kelly, Maria (December 7, 2009). "The RSA Algorithm: A Mathematical History of the Ubiquitous Cryptological Algorithm" (PDF). Swarthmore College Computer Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Hern, Alex (14 November 2014). "How did the Enigma machine work?". The Guardian.

thehackernews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kumar, Mohit (July 2019). "Kazakhstan Begins Intercepting HTTPS Internet Traffic Of All Citizens Forcefully". The Hacker News.

ucsc.edu (Global: 4,139^th place; English: 2,783^rd place)

ssrc.ucsc.edu

Yan Li; Nakul Sanjay Dhotre; Yasuhiro Ohara; Thomas M. Kroeger; Ethan L. Miller; Darrell D. E. Long. "Horus: Fine-Grained Encryption-Based Security for Large-Scale Storage" (PDF). www.ssrc.ucsc.edu. Discussion of encryption weaknesses for petabyte scale datasets. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-15. Retrieved 2022-02-15.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"History of Cryptography". Binance Academy. Archived from the original on 2020-04-26. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
"Chapter 3. Modular Arithmetic". www.doc.ic.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2021-10-11. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
"Symmetric-key encryption software". Archived from the original on 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
"Public-Key Encryption – how GCHQ got there first!". gchq.gov.uk. Archived from the original on May 19, 2010.
Kelly, Maria (December 7, 2009). "The RSA Algorithm: A Mathematical History of the Ubiquitous Cryptological Algorithm" (PDF). Swarthmore College Computer Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
Kirk, Jeremy (April 29, 2010). "Symantec buys encryption specialist PGP for $300M". Computerworld. Archived from the original on January 31, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
"Data Encryption in Transit Guideline". Berkeley Information Security Office. Archived from the original on Dec 5, 2023.
Chen, Lily; Jordan, Stephen; Liu, Yi-Kai; Moody, Dustin; Peralta, Rene; Perlner, Ray; Smith-Tone, Daniel (2016-04-28). Report on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PDF) (Report). National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.6028/NIST.IR.8105. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-09-18. Retrieved 2026-09-25. it can have the effect of requiring larger key sizes, even in the symmetric key case.
"Post-Quantum Cybersecurity Resources". www.nsa.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
Yan Li; Nakul Sanjay Dhotre; Yasuhiro Ohara; Thomas M. Kroeger; Ethan L. Miller; Darrell D. E. Long. "Horus: Fine-Grained Encryption-Based Security for Large-Scale Storage" (PDF). www.ssrc.ucsc.edu. Discussion of encryption weaknesses for petabyte scale datasets. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-15. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
CryptoMove Archived 2021-02-06 at the Wayback Machine is the first technology to continuously move, mutate, and re-encrypt ciphertext as a form of data protection.

westerndigital.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

blog.westerndigital.com

Bek, E. (19 May 2016). "Protect Your Company from Theft: Self Encrypting Drives". Western Digital Blog. Western Digital Corporation. Retrieved 8 May 2018.

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

Newton, Glen E. (7 May 2013). "The Evolution of Encryption". Wired. Unisys.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Moody, Dustin; Robinson, Angela (2022-11-02). "Cryptographic Standards in the Post-Quantum Era". IEEE Security & Privacy. 20 (6): 66–72. doi:10.1109/MSEC.2022.3202589. ISSN 1540-7993. Grover's algorithm is a generic quantum algorithm that yields a quadratic speedup on unstructured search,

Encryption (English Wikipedia)

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