Ethanol (English Wikipedia)

Scalley R (September 2002). "Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning". American Family Physician. 66 (5): 807–813. PMID 12322772. Retrieved 15 January 2018.

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Tullo, Alexander (26 August 2021). "Last synthetic ethanol plant in US to close". cen.acs.org. Retrieved 22 November 2022.

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Martínez, P. J.; Rus, E.; Compaña, J. M. "Flash Point Determination of Binary Mixtures of Alcohols, Ketones and Water". Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias. p. 3, Table 4.

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Clark, John. D. (1972). Ignition! an informal history of liquid rocket propellants. Foreword by Isaac Asimov. Rutgers University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8135-0725-5.
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Jones TT (2008). "The Clean Fuels Report: A Quantitative Comparison Of Motor (engine) Fuels, Related Pollution and Technologies". researchandmarkets.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2012.

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Faraday M (1825). "On new compounds of carbon and hydrogen, and on certain other products obtained during the decomposition of oil by heat". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 115: 440–466. doi:10.1098/rstl.1825.0022. In a footnote on page 448, Faraday notes the action of sulfuric acid on coal gas and coal-gas distillate; specifically, "The [sulfuric] acid combines directly with carbon and hydrogen; and I find when [the resulting compound is] united with bases [it] forms a peculiar class of salts, somewhat resembling the sulphovinates [i.e., ethyl sulfates], but still different from them."

books.google.com

Lide DR, ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis. pp. 6–232.
Lide DR, ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (89 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 9–55.
Powell MA (2004). "9: Wine and the vine in ancient Mesopotamia: the cuneiform evidence". In McGovern PE, Fleming SJ, Katz SH (eds.). The Origins and Ancient History of Wine. Food and Nutrition in History and Anthropology. Vol. 11 (1 ed.). Amsterdam: Taylor & Francis. pp. 96–124. ISBN 978-0-203-39283-6. ISSN 0275-5769. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
For a report on the 1892 International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature, see:
- Armstrong H (1892). "The International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature". Nature. 46 (1177): 56–59. Bibcode:1892Natur..46...56A. doi:10.1038/046056c0.
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- Wittcoff HA, Reuben BG, Plotkin JS (2004). Industrial Organic Chemicals. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 136–. ISBN 978-0-471-44385-8.
- Chemists, American Association of Cereal (1986). Advances in Cereal Science and Technology. American Association of Cereal Chemists, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-913250-45-7.
- Bansal RK, Bernthsen A (2003). A Textbook of Organic Chemistry. New Age International Limited. pp. 402–. ISBN 978-81-224-1459-2.
- Andrews S (1 August 2007). Textbook Of Food & Bevrge Mgmt. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 268–. ISBN 978-0-07-065573-7.
- Ottley, William Campbell (1826). A dictionary of chemistry and of mineralogy as connected with it. Murray.
- Haw SG (2006). "Wine, women and poison". Marco Polo in China. Routledge. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-1-134-27542-7. Retrieved 10 July 2016. The earliest possible period seems to be the Eastern Han dynasty... the most likely period for the beginning of true distillation of spirits for drinking in China is during the Jin and Southern Song dynasties
- Habib, Irfan (2011). Economic History of Medieval India, 1200–1500. Pearson Education India. pp. 55–. ISBN 978-81-317-2791-1.
- Lowitz T (1796). "Anzeige eines, zur volkommen Entwasserung des Weingeistes nothwendig zu beobachtenden, Handgriffs" [Report of a task that must be done for the complete dehydration of wine spirits [i.e., alcohol-water azeotrope])]. Chemische Annalen für die Freunde der Naturlehre, Aerznengelartheit, Haushaltungskunde und Manufakturen (in German). 1: 195–204. See pp. 197–198: Lowitz dehydrated the azeotrope by mixing it with a 2:1 excess of anhydrous alkali and then distilling the mixture over low heat.
- de Saussure T (1807). "Mémoire sur la composition de l'alcohol et de l'éther sulfurique". Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts. 64: 316–354. In his 1807 paper, Saussure determined ethanol's composition only roughly; a more accurate analysis of ethanol appears on page 300 of his 1814 paper: de Saussure, Théodore (1814). "Nouvelles observations sur la composition de l'alcool et de l'éther sulfurique". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 89: 273–305.
- Hennell H (1826). "On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and alcohol, with observations on the composition and properties of the resulting compound". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 116: 240–249. doi:10.1098/rstl.1826.0021. S2CID 98278290. On page 248, Hennell mentions that Faraday gave him some sulfuric acid in which coal gas had dissolved and that he (Hennell) found that it contained "sulphovinic acid" (ethyl hydrogen sulfate).
- Hennell H (1828). "On the mutual action of sulfuric acid and alcohol, and on the nature of the process by which ether is formed". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 118: 365–371. doi:10.1098/rstl.1828.0021. S2CID 98483646. On page 368, Hennell produces ethanol from "sulfovinic acid" (ethyl hydrogen sulfate).
- Sérullas GS (1828). Guyton de Morveau LB, Gay-Lussac JL, Arago F, Michel Eugène Chevreul, Marcellin Berthelot, Éleuthère Élie Nicolas Mascart, Albin Haller (eds.). "De l'action de l'acide sulfurique sur l'alcool, et des produits qui en résultent". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 39: 152–186. On page 158, Sérullas mentions the production of alcohol from "sulfate acid d'hydrogène carboné" (hydrocarbon acid sulfate).
- In 1855, the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot confirmed Faraday's discovery by preparing ethanol from pure ethylene. Berthelot M (1855). Arago F, Gay-Lussac JL (eds.). "Sur la formation de l'alcool au moyen du bicarbure d'hydrogène (On the formation of alcohol by means of ethylene)". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 43: 385–405. (Note: The chemical formulas in Berthelot's paper are wrong because chemists at that time used the wrong atomic masses for the elements; e.g., carbon (6 instead of 12), oxygen (8 instead of 16), etc.)
- Myers RL, Myers RL (2007). The 100 most important chemical compounds: a reference guide. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-313-33758-1.

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California Air Resources Board (October 1989). "Definition of a Low Emission Motor Vehicle in Compliance with the Mandates of Health and Safety Code Section 39037.05, second release". Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.

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"Your Guide to Ethanol Extraction". Cannabis Business Times. Retrieved 9 April 2019.

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"Ethyl Alcohol". Retrieved 23 December 2023.
"Ethyl Alcohol". 2 November 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
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"49 CFR § 173.120 – Class 3 – Definitions". Legal Information Institute. a flammable liquid (Class 3) means a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60 °C (140 °F)
"49 CFR § 172.101 – Purpose and use of hazardous materials table". Legal Information Institute, Cornell University. Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping names: Ethanol or Ethyl alcohol or Ethanol solutions or Ethyl alcohol solutions; Hazard class or Division: 3; Identification Numbers: UN1170; PG: II; Label Codes: 3;

daviddarling.info

Darling D. "The Internet Encyclopedia of Science: V-2". Retrieved 27 July 2024.

doi.org

Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 30. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-00001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
Ballinger P, Long FA (1960). "Acid Ionization Constants of Alcohols. II. Acidities of Some Substituted Methanols and Related Compounds1,2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (4): 795–798. Bibcode:1960JAChS..82..795B. doi:10.1021/ja01489a008. ISSN 0002-7863.
Arnett EM, Venkatasubramaniam KG (1983). "Thermochemical acidities in three superbase systems". J. Org. Chem. 48 (10): 1569–1578. doi:10.1021/jo00158a001.
Song, Frank; Walker, Matthew P. (8 November 2023). "Sleep, alcohol, and caffeine in financial traders". PLOS ONE. 18 (11): e0291675. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1891675S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291675. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 10631622. PMID 37939019.
Schnelle, Norbert (August 1965). "Alcohol Given Intravenously for General Anesthesia". Surgical Clinics of North America. 45 (4): 1041–1049. doi:10.1016/S0039-6109(16)37650-2. PMID 14312998. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Liebig J (1834). "Ueber die Constitution des Aethers und seiner Verbindungen" [On the constitution of ether and its compounds]. Annalen der Pharmacie (in German). 9 (22): 1–39. Bibcode:1834AnP...107..337L. doi:10.1002/andp.18341072202. From page 18: "Bezeichnen wir die Kohlenwasserstoffverbindung 4C + 10H als das Radikal des Aethers mit E₂ und nennen es Ethyl, ..." (Let us designate the hydrocarbon compound 4C + 10H as the radical of ether with E₂ and name it ethyl ...).
For a report on the 1892 International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature, see:
- Armstrong H (1892). "The International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature". Nature. 46 (1177): 56–59. Bibcode:1892Natur..46...56A. doi:10.1038/046056c0.
- Farrés J, Moreno A, Crosas B, Peralba JM, Allali-Hassani A, Hjelmqvist L, et al. (September 1994). "Alcohol dehydrogenase of class IV (σσ-ADH) from human stomach. cDNA sequence and structure/function relationships". European Journal of Biochemistry. 224 (2): 549–557. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00549.x. PMID 7925371.
- Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN (December 2018). "Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 42 (12): 2281–2297. doi:10.1111/acer.13904. PMC 6286250. PMID 30320893.
- Heit, C.; Dong, H.; Chen, Y.; Thompson, D.C.; Dietrich, R.A.; Vasiliou, V.K. (2013). "The Role of CYP2E1 in Alcohol Metabolism and Sensitivity in the Central Nervous System". Cytochrome P450 2E1: Its Role in Disease and Drug Metabolism. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 67. pp. 235–237. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5881-0_8. ISBN 978-94-007-5880-3. PMC 4314297. PMID 23400924.
- Pohorecky, Larissa A.; Brick, John (January 1988). "Pharmacology of ethanol". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 36 (2–3): 335–427. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(88)90109-X. PMID 3279433.
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- Sasanami, Misa; Yamada, Taihei; Obara, Takafumi; Nakao, Atsunori; Naito, Hiromichi (2020). "Oral Ethanol Treatment for Ethylene Glycol Intoxication". Cureus. 12 (12): e12268. doi:10.7759/cureus.12268. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 7827791. PMID 33510981.
- Anseeuw, Kurt; Sabbe, Marc B.; Legrand, Annemie (April 2008). "Methanol poisoning: the duality between 'fast and cheap' and 'slow and expensive'". European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 15 (2): 107–109. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0b013e3282f3c13b. ISSN 0969-9546. PMID 18446077. S2CID 23861841.
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- Eyidogan M, Ozsezen AN, Canakci M, Turkcan A (2010). "Impact of alcohol–gasoline fuel blends on the performance and combustion characteristics of an SI engine". Fuel. 89 (10): 2713–2720. Bibcode:2010Fuel...89.2713E. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.01.032.
- Malaquias, Augusto César Teixeira; Netto, Nilton Antonio Diniz; Filho, Fernando Antonio Rodrigues; da Costa, Roberto Berlini Rodrigues; Langeani, Marcos; Baêta, José Guilherme Coelho (18 November 2019). "The misleading total replacement of internal combustion engines by electric motors and a study of the Brazilian ethanol importance for the sustainable future of mobility: a review". Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 41 (12): 567. doi:10.1007/s40430-019-2076-1. ISSN 1806-3691.
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- Rajvanshi AK, Patil SM, Mendonca B (March 2007). "Low-concentration ethanol stove for rural areas in India". Energy for Sustainable Development. 11 (1): 94–99. Bibcode:2007ESusD..11...94R. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.142.5846. doi:10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60568-2.
- Dahlmann U, Schneider GM (1989). "(Liquid + liquid) phase equilibria and critical curves of (ethanol + dodecane or tetradecane or hexadecane or 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane) from 0.1 MPa to 120.0 MPa". J Chem Thermodyn. 21 (9): 997–1004. Bibcode:1989JChTh..21..997D. doi:10.1016/0021-9614(89)90160-2.
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- Pemberton RC, Mash CJ (1978). "Thermodynamic properties of aqueous non-electrolyte mixtures II. Vapour pressures and excess Gibbs energies for water + ethanol at 303.15 to 363.15 K determined by an accurate static method". J Chem Thermodyn. 10 (9): 867–888. Bibcode:1978JChTh..10..867P. doi:10.1016/0021-9614(78)90160-X.
- Beebe, A. H.; Coulter, K. E.; Lindsay, R. A.; Baker, E. M. (December 1942). "Equilibria in Ethanol-Water System at Pressures Less Than Atmospheric". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 34 (12): 1501–1504. doi:10.1021/ie50396a019.
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- Kosaric N, Duvnjak Z, Farkas A, Sahm H, Bringer-Meyer S, Goebel O, Mayer D (2011). "Ethanol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 1–72. doi:10.1002/14356007.a09_587.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.(subscription required)
- Lodgsdon, John E. (1991). "Ethanol". In Howe-Grant, Mary; Kirk, Raymond E.; Othmer, Donald F.; Kroschwitz, Jacqueline I. (eds.). Encyclopedia of chemical technology. Vol. 9 (4th ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 817. ISBN 978-0-471-52669-8. Republished as Lodgsdon, John E. (4 December 2000). "Ethanol". In Seidel, Arza (ed.). Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (5th ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0520080112150719.a01. ISBN 978-0-471-48494-3.
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- Faraday M (1825). "On new compounds of carbon and hydrogen, and on certain other products obtained during the decomposition of oil by heat". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 115: 440–466. doi:10.1098/rstl.1825.0022. In a footnote on page 448, Faraday notes the action of sulfuric acid on coal gas and coal-gas distillate; specifically, "The [sulfuric] acid combines directly with carbon and hydrogen; and I find when [the resulting compound is] united with bases [it] forms a peculiar class of salts, somewhat resembling the sulphovinates [i.e., ethyl sulfates], but still different from them."
- Hennell H (1826). "On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and alcohol, with observations on the composition and properties of the resulting compound". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 116: 240–249. doi:10.1098/rstl.1826.0021. S2CID 98278290. On page 248, Hennell mentions that Faraday gave him some sulfuric acid in which coal gas had dissolved and that he (Hennell) found that it contained "sulphovinic acid" (ethyl hydrogen sulfate).
- Hennell H (1828). "On the mutual action of sulfuric acid and alcohol, and on the nature of the process by which ether is formed". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 118: 365–371. doi:10.1098/rstl.1828.0021. S2CID 98483646. On page 368, Hennell produces ethanol from "sulfovinic acid" (ethyl hydrogen sulfate).

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Ballinger P, Long FA (1960). "Acid Ionization Constants of Alcohols. II. Acidities of Some Substituted Methanols and Related Compounds1,2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (4): 795–798. Bibcode:1960JAChS..82..795B. doi:10.1021/ja01489a008. ISSN 0002-7863.
Song, Frank; Walker, Matthew P. (8 November 2023). "Sleep, alcohol, and caffeine in financial traders". PLOS ONE. 18 (11): e0291675. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1891675S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291675. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 10631622. PMID 37939019.
Liebig J (1834). "Ueber die Constitution des Aethers und seiner Verbindungen" [On the constitution of ether and its compounds]. Annalen der Pharmacie (in German). 9 (22): 1–39. Bibcode:1834AnP...107..337L. doi:10.1002/andp.18341072202. From page 18: "Bezeichnen wir die Kohlenwasserstoffverbindung 4C + 10H als das Radikal des Aethers mit E₂ und nennen es Ethyl, ..." (Let us designate the hydrocarbon compound 4C + 10H as the radical of ether with E₂ and name it ethyl ...).
For a report on the 1892 International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature, see:
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Liebig J (1834). "Ueber die Constitution des Aethers und seiner Verbindungen" [On the constitution of ether and its compounds]. Annalen der Pharmacie (in German). 9 (22): 1–39. Bibcode:1834AnP...107..337L. doi:10.1002/andp.18341072202. From page 18: "Bezeichnen wir die Kohlenwasserstoffverbindung 4C + 10H als das Radikal des Aethers mit E₂ und nennen es Ethyl, ..." (Let us designate the hydrocarbon compound 4C + 10H as the radical of ether with E₂ and name it ethyl ...).