Ethics of circumcision (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Ethics of circumcision" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

43web.archive.org

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38nih.gov

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34doi.org

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13bmj.com

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10semanticscholar.org

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3books.google.com

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3worldcat.org

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2racp.edu.au

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2cps.ca

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2bma.org.uk

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2aappublications.org

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2academia.edu

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2cirp.org

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1artsennet.nl

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1nytimes.com

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1thelocal.dk

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1crin.org

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1nacs.eu

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1norwaytoday.info

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1cdc.gov

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1bioethics.net

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1creativecommons.org

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1nature.com

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1nhs.uk

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1heinonline.org

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aappublications.org

pediatrics.aappublications.org

AAP. "TECHNICAL REPORT Male Circumcision" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-22. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
Committee on Bioethics (February 1995). "Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice. Committee on Bioethics, American Academy of Pediatrics" (PDF). Pediatrics. 95 (2): 314–7. doi:10.1542/peds.95.2.314. PMID 7838658. S2CID 22221051. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-06. Reaffirmed May 2011.

academia.edu

Earp BD (July 2013). "The ethics of infant male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 418–20. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101517. PMID 23781078. S2CID 31608321. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23.
Somerville M (November 2000). "Altering Baby Boys' Bodies: The Ethics of Infant Male Circumcision". The ethical canary: science, society, and the human spirit. New York, NY: Viking Penguin Canada. pp. 202–219. ISBN 0-670-89302-1. LCCN 2001369341. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

artsennet.nl

knmg.artsennet.nl

Non-Therapeutic Circumcision of Male Minors Archived 2012-05-13 at the Wayback Machine. Utrecht: Royal Dutch Medical Association, 2010.

bioethics.net

Benatar D, Benatar M (2003). "How not to argue about circumcision" (PDF). The American Journal of Bioethics. 3 (2): W1. doi:10.1162/152651603102387820. PMID 14635630. S2CID 53004139. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-16.

bma.org.uk

Committee on Medical Ethics (June 2006). "The law & ethics of male circumcision: guidance for doctors" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
Medical Ethics Committee (June 2006). "The law and ethics of male circumcision – guidance for doctors". British Medical Association. Archived from the original on 2007-11-12. Retrieved 2006-07-01.

bmj.com

jme.bmj.com

Mussell R (June 2004). "The development of professional guidelines on the law and ethics of male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 254–8. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008615. PMC 1733857. PMID 15173358. Archived from the original on 2006-11-15.
British Medical Association (June 2004). "The law and ethics of male circumcision: guidance for doctors". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 259–63. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008540. PMC 1733850. PMID 15173359. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Fox M, Thomson M (August 2005). "A covenant with the status quo? Male circumcision and the new BMA guidance to doctors". Journal of Medical Ethics. 31 (8): 463–9. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.009340. PMC 1734197. PMID 16076971. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Svoboda JS, Van Howe RS (July 2013). "Out of step: fatal flaws in the latest AAP policy report on neonatal circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 434–41. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101346. PMID 23508208. S2CID 39693618. Archived from the original on 2019-07-27. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
"Symposium on Circumcision". J Med Ethics. 30 (3): 237–263. 2004. Archived from the original on 2015-10-18. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
Holm S (June 2004). "Irreversible bodily interventions in children". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 237. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.009001. PMC 1733860. PMID 15173353. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Hutson JM (June 2004). "Circumcision: a surgeon's perspective". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 238–40. doi:10.1136/jme.2002.001313. PMC 1733864. PMID 15173354. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Short RV (June 2004). "Male circumcision: a scientific perspective". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 241.1–241. doi:10.1136/jme.2002.002576. PMC 1733868. PMID 15173356. Archived from the original on 2013-12-10.
Viens AM (June 2004). "Value judgment, harm, and religious liberty". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 241–7. doi:10.1136/jme.2003.003921. PMC 1733861. PMID 15173355. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Hellsten SK (June 2004). "Rationalising circumcision: from tradition to fashion, from public health to individual freedom--critical notes on cultural persistence of the practice of genital mutilation". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 248–53. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008888. PMC 1733870. PMID 15173357. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Mussell R (June 2004). "The development of professional guidelines on the law and ethics of male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 254–8. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008615. PMC 1733857. PMID 15173358. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
"The issue of male circumcision". J Med Ethics. 39 (7). 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-05-08. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
Foddy B (July 2013). "Medical, religious and social reasons for and against an ancient rite". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 415. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101605. PMID 23781076. S2CID 43693064. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.

books.google.com

Sawyer S (November 2011). Pediatric Physical Examination & Health Assessment. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 555–556. ISBN 978-1-4496-7600-1. Archived from the original on 2020-07-29. Retrieved 2015-10-18.
Diekema DS, Mercurio MR, Adam MB, eds. (2011-09-08). Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook. Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–48. ISBN 978-1-139-50183-5. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
Caga-anan EC, Thomas AJ, Diekema DS, Mercurio MR, Adam MR (8 September 2011). Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-521-17361-2. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.

cdc.gov

"HIV and Male Circumcision | Gateway to Health Communication | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 23 February 2017. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2017.

cirp.org

Povenmire R (1998–1999). "Do parents have the legal authority to consent to the surgical amputation of normal, healthy tissue from their infant children?: the practice of circumcision in the United States". The American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law. 7 (1): 87–123. PMID 16526136. Archived from the original on 2019-01-16. Retrieved 2013-11-25.
Richards D (May 1996). "Male Circumcision: Medical or Ritual?". Journal of Law and Medicine. 3 (4): 371–376. Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2008-04-11.

cps.ca

Sorokan ST, Finlay JC, Jefferies AL (2015). "Newborn male circumcision". Paediatrics & Child Health. 20 (6): 311–20. doi:10.1093/pch/20.6.311. PMC 4578472. PMID 26435672. Archived from the original on 2019-10-30.
Society, Canadian Paediatric. "Newborn male circumcision | Canadian Paediatric Society". cps.ca. Retrieved 2025-06-02.

cpsbc.ca

College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (2007). "Circumcision (Infant Male)". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 6 December 2013.

creativecommons.org

Morris, Brian; Rivin, Beth E; Sheldon, Mark; Krieger, John N (23 February 2024). "Neonatal Male Circumcision: Clearly Beneficial for Public Health or an Ethical Dilemma? A Systematic Review". Cureus. 16 (2): e54772. doi:10.7759/cureus.54772. PMC 10889534. PMID 38405642. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

crin.org

Nordic Association of Children's Ombudsmen (30 September 2013). "Let the boys decide for themselves". Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2013.[] Tuesday, 1 October 2013

doi.org

Bedzow, I. (July–September 2020). "Male circumcision as an example of bioethics as (immaterial) social ethics". Ethics, Medicine and Public Health. 14: 100519. doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100519. ISSN 2352-5525. S2CID 225629172.
Task force on circumcision (March 1999). "Circumcision policy statement. American Academy of Pediatrics. Task Force on Circumcision". Pediatrics. 103 (3): 686–93. doi:10.1542/peds.103.3.686. PMID 10049981.
Pinto K (August 2012). "Circumcision controversies". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 59 (4): 977–986. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.015. PMID 22857844.
Calcagno C (April 2007). "[Circumcision: what do we cut when we are cutting?]". Urologia. 74 (2): 73–79. doi:10.5301/ru.2010.5865 (inactive 9 June 2025). PMID 21086403.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)
Cohen-Almagor, Raphael (9 November 2020). "Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?". SN Social Sciences. 1 (1): 8. doi:10.1007/s43545-020-00011-7. ISSN 2662-9283. S2CID 228911544. Protagonists and critics of male circumcision agree on some things and disagree on many others... They also do not underestimate the importance of male circumcision for the relevant communities.... Even the most critical voices of male circumcision do not suggest putting a blanket ban on the practice as they understand that such a ban, very much like the 1920–1933 prohibition laws in the United States, would not be effective... Protagonists and critics of male circumcision debate whether the practice is morally acceptable... They assign different weights to harm as well as to medical risks and to non-medical benefits. The different weights to risks and benefits conform to their underlying views about the practices... Protagonists and critics disagree about the significance of medical reasons for circumcision...
Sorokan ST, Finlay JC, Jefferies AL (2015). "Newborn male circumcision". Paediatrics & Child Health. 20 (6): 311–20. doi:10.1093/pch/20.6.311. PMC 4578472. PMID 26435672. Archived from the original on 2019-10-30.
"Committee". Vol. 67. March 2019. pp. ii. doi:10.1136/jim-2019-000994.committee. S2CID 220148577. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-04-23. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
Mussell R (June 2004). "The development of professional guidelines on the law and ethics of male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 254–8. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008615. PMC 1733857. PMID 15173358. Archived from the original on 2006-11-15.
British Medical Association (June 2004). "The law and ethics of male circumcision: guidance for doctors". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 259–63. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008540. PMC 1733850. PMID 15173359. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Fox M, Thomson M (August 2005). "A covenant with the status quo? Male circumcision and the new BMA guidance to doctors". Journal of Medical Ethics. 31 (8): 463–9. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.009340. PMC 1734197. PMID 16076971. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision (September 2012). "Circumcision policy statement". Pediatrics. 130 (3): 585–6. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1989. PMID 22926180.
Frisch, Morten; Aigrain, Yves; Barauskas, Vidmantas; Bjarnason, Ragnar; Boddy, Su-Anna; Czauderna, Piotr; de Gier, Robert P.E.; de Jong, Tom P.V.M.; Fasching, Günter; Fetter, Willem; Gahr, Manfred (April 2013). "Cultural Bias in the AAP's 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on Male Circumcision". Pediatrics. 131 (4): 796–800. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2896. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 23509170. S2CID 40444911.
Svoboda JS, Van Howe RS (July 2013). "Out of step: fatal flaws in the latest AAP policy report on neonatal circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 434–41. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101346. PMID 23508208. S2CID 39693618. Archived from the original on 2019-07-27. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
Task Force On, Circumcision (April 2013). "Cultural bias and circumcision: the AAP Task Force on circumcision responds". Pediatrics. 131 (4): 801–4. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0081. PMID 23509171.
Svoboda JS (August 2017). "Nontherapeutic Circumcision of Minors as an Ethically Problematic Form of Iatrogenic Injury". AMA Journal of Ethics. 19 (8): 815–824. doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.8.msoc2-1708. PMID 28846521.
Reis-Dennis S, Reis E (August 2017). "Are Physicians Blameworthy for Iatrogenic Harm Resulting from Unnecessary Genital Surgeries?". AMA Journal of Ethics. 19 (8): 825–833. doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.8.msoc3-1708. PMID 28846522.
Holm S (June 2004). "Irreversible bodily interventions in children". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 237. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.009001. PMC 1733860. PMID 15173353. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Hutson JM (June 2004). "Circumcision: a surgeon's perspective". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 238–40. doi:10.1136/jme.2002.001313. PMC 1733864. PMID 15173354. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Short RV (June 2004). "Male circumcision: a scientific perspective". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 241.1–241. doi:10.1136/jme.2002.002576. PMC 1733868. PMID 15173356. Archived from the original on 2013-12-10.
Viens AM (June 2004). "Value judgment, harm, and religious liberty". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 241–7. doi:10.1136/jme.2003.003921. PMC 1733861. PMID 15173355. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Hellsten SK (June 2004). "Rationalising circumcision: from tradition to fashion, from public health to individual freedom--critical notes on cultural persistence of the practice of genital mutilation". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 248–53. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008888. PMC 1733870. PMID 15173357. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Mussell R (June 2004). "The development of professional guidelines on the law and ethics of male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 254–8. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008615. PMC 1733857. PMID 15173358. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Foddy B (July 2013). "Medical, religious and social reasons for and against an ancient rite". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 415. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101605. PMID 23781076. S2CID 43693064. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Earp BD (July 2013). "The ethics of infant male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 418–20. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101517. PMID 23781078. S2CID 31608321. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23.
Canning DA (October 2002). "Informed consent for neonatal circumcision: an ethical and legal conundrum". The Journal of Urology. 168 (4 Pt 1): 1650–1. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64535-1. PMID 12356070.
Benatar D, Benatar M (2003). "How not to argue about circumcision" (PDF). The American Journal of Bioethics. 3 (2): W1. doi:10.1162/152651603102387820. PMID 14635630. S2CID 53004139. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-16.
Brubaker B, Bump D, Friedberg S (2011-07-25). "Statement E Implies Statement D". Weyl Group Multiple Dirichlet Series. Princeton University Press. doi:10.23943/Princeton/9780691150659.003.0014. ISBN 978-0-691-15065-9.
Morris, Brian; Rivin, Beth E; Sheldon, Mark; Krieger, John N (23 February 2024). "Neonatal Male Circumcision: Clearly Beneficial for Public Health or an Ethical Dilemma? A Systematic Review". Cureus. 16 (2): e54772. doi:10.7759/cureus.54772. PMC 10889534. PMID 38405642. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Simon, Axel (2016-12-31), "Verwaltungsgebäude WHO/UNAIDS, Genf, Schweiz / WHO/UNAIDS Administration Building, Geneva, Switzerland", Baumschlager-Eberle 2002-2007, Ambra Verlag, pp. 82–91, doi:10.1515/9783990431344-014, ISBN 978-3-99043-133-7, archived from the original on 2020-01-10, retrieved 2021-04-23
Harmon K (2011). "Can male circumcision stem the AIDS epidemic in Africa?". Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2011.9520. S2CID 172468287. Archived from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
Committee on Bioethics (February 1995). "Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice. Committee on Bioethics, American Academy of Pediatrics" (PDF). Pediatrics. 95 (2): 314–7. doi:10.1542/peds.95.2.314. PMID 7838658. S2CID 22221051. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-06. Reaffirmed May 2011.

dx.doi.org

Bedzow, I. (July–September 2020). "Male circumcision as an example of bioethics as (immaterial) social ethics". Ethics, Medicine and Public Health. 14: 100519. doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100519. ISSN 2352-5525. S2CID 225629172.
"Committee". Vol. 67. March 2019. pp. ii. doi:10.1136/jim-2019-000994.committee. S2CID 220148577. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-04-23. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
Simon, Axel (2016-12-31), "Verwaltungsgebäude WHO/UNAIDS, Genf, Schweiz / WHO/UNAIDS Administration Building, Geneva, Switzerland", Baumschlager-Eberle 2002-2007, Ambra Verlag, pp. 82–91, doi:10.1515/9783990431344-014, ISBN 978-3-99043-133-7, archived from the original on 2020-01-10, retrieved 2021-04-23

heinonline.org

Svoboda JS, Van Howe RS, Dwyer JG (2000). "Informed consent for neonatal circumcision: an ethical and legal conundrum". The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy. 17 (1): 61–133. PMID 11216345.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Somerville M (November 2000). "Altering Baby Boys' Bodies: The Ethics of Infant Male Circumcision". The ethical canary: science, society, and the human spirit. New York, NY: Viking Penguin Canada. pp. 202–219. ISBN 0-670-89302-1. LCCN 2001369341. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

nacs.eu

Statement on Non-Therapeutic Circumcision of Boys. Archived 2016-01-14 at the Wayback Machine. Nordic Association of Clinical Sexologists, Helsinki, 10 October 2013.

nature.com

Harmon K (2011). "Can male circumcision stem the AIDS epidemic in Africa?". Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2011.9520. S2CID 172468287. Archived from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2019-06-14.

nhs.uk

"Circumcision and STIs". 2009-03-26. Archived from the original on 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2017-11-18.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Task force on circumcision (March 1999). "Circumcision policy statement. American Academy of Pediatrics. Task Force on Circumcision". Pediatrics. 103 (3): 686–93. doi:10.1542/peds.103.3.686. PMID 10049981.
Pinto K (August 2012). "Circumcision controversies". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 59 (4): 977–986. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.015. PMID 22857844.
Calcagno C (April 2007). "[Circumcision: what do we cut when we are cutting?]". Urologia. 74 (2): 73–79. doi:10.5301/ru.2010.5865 (inactive 9 June 2025). PMID 21086403.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)
Sorokan ST, Finlay JC, Jefferies AL (2015). "Newborn male circumcision". Paediatrics & Child Health. 20 (6): 311–20. doi:10.1093/pch/20.6.311. PMC 4578472. PMID 26435672. Archived from the original on 2019-10-30.
Mussell R (June 2004). "The development of professional guidelines on the law and ethics of male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 254–8. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008615. PMC 1733857. PMID 15173358. Archived from the original on 2006-11-15.
British Medical Association (June 2004). "The law and ethics of male circumcision: guidance for doctors". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 259–63. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008540. PMC 1733850. PMID 15173359. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Fox M, Thomson M (August 2005). "A covenant with the status quo? Male circumcision and the new BMA guidance to doctors". Journal of Medical Ethics. 31 (8): 463–9. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.009340. PMC 1734197. PMID 16076971. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision (September 2012). "Circumcision policy statement". Pediatrics. 130 (3): 585–6. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1989. PMID 22926180.
Frisch, Morten; Aigrain, Yves; Barauskas, Vidmantas; Bjarnason, Ragnar; Boddy, Su-Anna; Czauderna, Piotr; de Gier, Robert P.E.; de Jong, Tom P.V.M.; Fasching, Günter; Fetter, Willem; Gahr, Manfred (April 2013). "Cultural Bias in the AAP's 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on Male Circumcision". Pediatrics. 131 (4): 796–800. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2896. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 23509170. S2CID 40444911.
Svoboda JS, Van Howe RS (July 2013). "Out of step: fatal flaws in the latest AAP policy report on neonatal circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 434–41. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101346. PMID 23508208. S2CID 39693618. Archived from the original on 2019-07-27. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
Task Force On, Circumcision (April 2013). "Cultural bias and circumcision: the AAP Task Force on circumcision responds". Pediatrics. 131 (4): 801–4. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0081. PMID 23509171.
Svoboda JS (August 2017). "Nontherapeutic Circumcision of Minors as an Ethically Problematic Form of Iatrogenic Injury". AMA Journal of Ethics. 19 (8): 815–824. doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.8.msoc2-1708. PMID 28846521.
Reis-Dennis S, Reis E (August 2017). "Are Physicians Blameworthy for Iatrogenic Harm Resulting from Unnecessary Genital Surgeries?". AMA Journal of Ethics. 19 (8): 825–833. doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.8.msoc3-1708. PMID 28846522.
Holm S (June 2004). "Irreversible bodily interventions in children". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 237. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.009001. PMC 1733860. PMID 15173353. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Hutson JM (June 2004). "Circumcision: a surgeon's perspective". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 238–40. doi:10.1136/jme.2002.001313. PMC 1733864. PMID 15173354. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Short RV (June 2004). "Male circumcision: a scientific perspective". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 241.1–241. doi:10.1136/jme.2002.002576. PMC 1733868. PMID 15173356. Archived from the original on 2013-12-10.
Viens AM (June 2004). "Value judgment, harm, and religious liberty". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 241–7. doi:10.1136/jme.2003.003921. PMC 1733861. PMID 15173355. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Hellsten SK (June 2004). "Rationalising circumcision: from tradition to fashion, from public health to individual freedom--critical notes on cultural persistence of the practice of genital mutilation". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 248–53. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008888. PMC 1733870. PMID 15173357. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Mussell R (June 2004). "The development of professional guidelines on the law and ethics of male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 30 (3): 254–8. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008615. PMC 1733857. PMID 15173358. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Foddy B (July 2013). "Medical, religious and social reasons for and against an ancient rite". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 415. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101605. PMID 23781076. S2CID 43693064. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
Earp BD (July 2013). "The ethics of infant male circumcision". Journal of Medical Ethics. 39 (7): 418–20. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101517. PMID 23781078. S2CID 31608321. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23.
Povenmire R (1998–1999). "Do parents have the legal authority to consent to the surgical amputation of normal, healthy tissue from their infant children?: the practice of circumcision in the United States". The American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law. 7 (1): 87–123. PMID 16526136. Archived from the original on 2019-01-16. Retrieved 2013-11-25.
Canning DA (October 2002). "Informed consent for neonatal circumcision: an ethical and legal conundrum". The Journal of Urology. 168 (4 Pt 1): 1650–1. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64535-1. PMID 12356070.
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Bedzow, I. (July–September 2020). "Male circumcision as an example of bioethics as (immaterial) social ethics". Ethics, Medicine and Public Health. 14: 100519. doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100519. ISSN 2352-5525. S2CID 225629172.
Cohen-Almagor, Raphael (9 November 2020). "Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?". SN Social Sciences. 1 (1): 8. doi:10.1007/s43545-020-00011-7. ISSN 2662-9283. S2CID 228911544. Protagonists and critics of male circumcision agree on some things and disagree on many others... They also do not underestimate the importance of male circumcision for the relevant communities.... Even the most critical voices of male circumcision do not suggest putting a blanket ban on the practice as they understand that such a ban, very much like the 1920–1933 prohibition laws in the United States, would not be effective... Protagonists and critics of male circumcision debate whether the practice is morally acceptable... They assign different weights to harm as well as to medical risks and to non-medical benefits. The different weights to risks and benefits conform to their underlying views about the practices... Protagonists and critics disagree about the significance of medical reasons for circumcision...
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Bedzow, I. (July–September 2020). "Male circumcision as an example of bioethics as (immaterial) social ethics". Ethics, Medicine and Public Health. 14: 100519. doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100519. ISSN 2352-5525. S2CID 225629172.
Cohen-Almagor, Raphael (9 November 2020). "Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?". SN Social Sciences. 1 (1): 8. doi:10.1007/s43545-020-00011-7. ISSN 2662-9283. S2CID 228911544. Protagonists and critics of male circumcision agree on some things and disagree on many others... They also do not underestimate the importance of male circumcision for the relevant communities.... Even the most critical voices of male circumcision do not suggest putting a blanket ban on the practice as they understand that such a ban, very much like the 1920–1933 prohibition laws in the United States, would not be effective... Protagonists and critics of male circumcision debate whether the practice is morally acceptable... They assign different weights to harm as well as to medical risks and to non-medical benefits. The different weights to risks and benefits conform to their underlying views about the practices... Protagonists and critics disagree about the significance of medical reasons for circumcision...
Frisch, Morten; Aigrain, Yves; Barauskas, Vidmantas; Bjarnason, Ragnar; Boddy, Su-Anna; Czauderna, Piotr; de Gier, Robert P.E.; de Jong, Tom P.V.M.; Fasching, Günter; Fetter, Willem; Gahr, Manfred (April 2013). "Cultural Bias in the AAP's 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on Male Circumcision". Pediatrics. 131 (4): 796–800. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2896. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 23509170. S2CID 40444911.

xpats.com

"Ethics committee rules against infant circumcision". The Bulletin. 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-03-02. Retrieved 2017-09-28. As circumcision is irreversible and therefore a radical operation, we find the physical integrity of the child takes precedence over the belief system of the parents.