Exclamation mark (English Wikipedia)

MacKellar, Thomas (1889). The American Printer: A Manual of Typography, Containing Practical Directions for Managing all Departments of a Printing Office, As Well as Complete Instructions for Apprentices: With Several Useful Tables, Numerous Schemes for Imposing Forms in Every Variety, Hints to Authors, Etc (Seventeenth ed.). Philadelphia: MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan. p. 65.
Frank H. Vizetelly (1913). The Preparation of Manuscripts for the Printer (5th revised ed.). Funk & Wagnalls. p. 51. The note of exclamation or ecphoneme is used after a word or phrase to express sudden emotion, and is sometimes repeated for emphasis.
Wilkinson, Clyde (1955). Communicating through letters and reports. Richard Irwin. p. 651. Retrieved October 19, 2011. (reprint ISBN 0-256-02270-4
Graham, Sheilah; Frank, Gerold (1959). Beloved Infidel: The Education of a Woman. New York: Bantam Books. p. 149. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Alt URL

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

Nicolas, Nick (September 16, 2003). ""Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation"". Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
Maura (July 10, 2009). "Panic! At The Disco Post New Music, Restore Their Exclamation Point". idolator. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2009.

baseball-almanac.com (Global: 2,168^th place; English: 1,249^th place)

Holz, Sean. "Scoring Baseball - Advanced Symbols". Baseball Almanac. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved September 5, 2005.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

Rosen, Micheal (April 13, 2023). "BBC Radio 4 - Word of Mouth, Exclamation Marks!! - Exclamation Marks!! Why do we love to hate them?". BBC. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
"Being sarcastic". Learning English - How To. BBC World Service. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2008.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Partridge, Eric (1953). You Have a Point There. Routledge. p. 82. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023. Reprint ISBN 0-203-37992-6
Truss, Lynne (2004). Eats, Shoots & Leaves: the zero tolerance approach to punctuation. New York: Gotham Books. p. 137. ISBN 1-59240-087-6. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
Shei, Chris; Gao, Zhao-Ming (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Translation. Routledge. pp. 334–337. ISBN 9781317383024.
Cajori, Florian (2011). A History of Mathematical Notations: Two volumes in one. Cosimo, Inc. p. 77. ISBN 9781616405717.
Michael Eury; Curt Swan; Neal Adams; et al. (2006). The Krypton Companion. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-893905-61-0. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2010.

boundless.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Terminal punctuation identifies the end of a sentence, and most commonly includes periods, question marks, and exclamation points". Boundless. July 3, 2014. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2015.

cafe-lingua.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fragezeichen & Ausrufezeichen". Gelernt mit Bernd! (in German). Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.

carsonparkdesign.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The exclamation point — "a sign of failure"". Carson Park Design. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

catb.org (Global: 3,959^th place; English: 3,208^th place)

"bang". The Jargon File. 4.4.8. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.

cbc.ca (Global: 115^th place; English: 82^nd place)

Ore, Jonathan (April 1, 2023). "Why the exclamation mark is still something to get exicted about!". CBC. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved July 24, 2025.
"Saint Louis du Ha!Ha! gets Guinness World Record nod for its exclamation marks". CBC.ca. September 20, 2017. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2021.

comicbookresources.com (Global: 991^st place; English: 656^th place)

goodcomics.comicbookresources.com

Cronin, Brian (January 28, 2010). "Comic Book Legends Revealed #245". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on March 20, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2010.

cronachemaceratesi.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

junior.cronachemaceratesi.it

Silla, Mirko (December 3, 2021). "Iacopo Alpoleio, l'urbisalviense che inventò il punto esclamativo". CM Junior (in Italian). Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Weiskott, Eric (2012). "Making Beowulf Scream: Exclamation and the Punctuation of Old English Poetry". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 111 (1): 25–41. doi:10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025. ISSN 0363-6941. JSTOR 10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025. S2CID 163108784.
Carol Waseleski. "Gender and the Use of Exclamation Points in Computer-Mediated Communication: An Analysis of Exclamations Posted to Two Electronic Discussion Lists". Indiana University. doi:10.1111/(ISSN)1083-6101. Archived from the original on September 13, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
Richard Kelsey; William Clinger; Jonathan Rees; et al. (August 1998). "Revised⁵ Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation. 11 (1): 7–105. doi:10.1023/A:1010051815785. S2CID 14069423. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

duden.de (Global: 804^th place; English: 5,349^th place)

"Ausrufezeichen". Duden (in German). Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.

dynamicgraphics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Haley, Allan (March 2008). "Punctuation". Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2011.

e-strategyguide.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Effective use of email". E-strategy guide. Government of Australia, Dept. of Broadband. January 23, 2008. Archived from the original on September 29, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2007.

eapoe.org (Global: 7,790^th place; English: 6,153^rd place)

Poe, Edgar Allen. "The Tell-Tale Heart". The Edgar Allen Poe Society of Baltimore. Archived from the original on November 23, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2010. "Villains!" I shrieked, "dissemble no more! I admit the deed! — tear up the planks! — here, here! — it is the beating of his hideous heart!"

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

"Johnson: When is a rule not a rule?". The Economist. October 1, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2025. a category of style choices at The Economist that includes ... stripping Yahoo and Yum Brands of the exclamation points they would have us use in their names

fanlore.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"! - Fanlore". Fanlore. October 15, 2008. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

hackfox.github.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Visual FoxPro Reference". Hacker’s Guide to Visual FoxPro. Hentzenwerke Publishing. Retrieved March 30, 2025.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Cotgrave, Randle (1611). A dictionarie of the French and English tongues. Printed by A. Islip. p. 26. hdl:2027/osu.32435017716812. Admiratif, Th'admirative point, or point of admiration (and of detestation) marked, or made, thus !
Smith, John (1657). The mysterie of rhetorique unvail'd, wherein above 130 of the tropes and figures are severally derived from the Greek into English, together with lively definitions and variety of Latin, English, Scriptural, examples, pertinent to each of them apart ... London: Printed by E. Cotes for George Eversden. p. 259. hdl:2027/osu.32435004505780.
Murray, Lindley (1824). English grammar. Bridgeport, Conn.: J.B. Baldwin. p. 243. hdl:2027/hvd.32044097056824.
Goodenow, Smith B. (1839). A systematic text-book of English grammar: on a new plan: with copious questions and exercises. Portland: William Hyde. p. 52. hdl:2027/uc1.$b257804.
Gawne, L.; Vaughan, J. (2012). "I can haz language play: The construction of language and identity in LOLspeak" (PDF). Proceedings of the 42nd Australian Linguistic Society Conference - 2011: 97–122. hdl:1885/9398. ISBN 9780980281545. Retrieved November 25, 2012.

idolator.com (Global: 2,015^th place; English: 1,241^st place)

Maura (July 10, 2009). "Panic! At The Disco Post New Music, Restore Their Exclamation Point". idolator. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2009.

indiana.edu (Global: 2,113^th place; English: 1,465^th place)

jcmc.indiana.edu

Carol Waseleski. "Gender and the Use of Exclamation Points in Computer-Mediated Communication: An Analysis of Exclamations Posted to Two Electronic Discussion Lists". Indiana University. doi:10.1111/(ISSN)1083-6101. Archived from the original on September 13, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Weiskott, Eric (2012). "Making Beowulf Scream: Exclamation and the Punctuation of Old English Poetry". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 111 (1): 25–41. doi:10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025. ISSN 0363-6941. JSTOR 10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025. S2CID 163108784.

julialang.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.julialang.org

"The Julia Language documentation: Base.:!—Function". julialang.org. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2025.

kotlinlang.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Null safety". Kotlin Foundation. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.

mathsisfun.com (Global: 6,108^th place; English: 4,433^rd place)

"Factorial Function !". Math is Fun. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.

mediareform.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Reuters Handbook of Journalism" (PDF). April 2008. p. 113. Retrieved April 22, 2025. Eliminate exclamation points from company names, such as Yahoo! and Yum!.

monash.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,141^st place)

researchmgt.monash.edu

Gawne, L.; Vaughan, J. (2012). "I can haz language play: The construction of language and identity in LOLspeak" (PDF). Proceedings of the 42nd Australian Linguistic Society Conference - 2011: 97–122. hdl:1885/9398. ISBN 9780980281545. Retrieved November 25, 2012.

mta.hu (Global: low place; English: low place)

helyesiras.mta.hu

"A magyar helyesírás szabályai (AkH.)". Helyesirasi Tanácsadó Portál. September 1, 2015. Archived from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2019.

mtv.com (Global: 80^th place; English: 67^th place)

Montgomery, James; Elias, Matt (January 11, 2008). "Panic At The Disco Explain Excised Exclamation Point". MTV News. Archived from the original on September 4, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2010.

narod.ru (Global: 244^th place; English: 1,325^th place)

fitzgerald.narod.ru

Graham, Sheilah; Frank, Gerold (1959). Beloved Infidel: The Education of a Woman. New York: Bantam Books. p. 149. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Alt URL

nla.gov.au (Global: 275^th place; English: 181^st place)

webarchive.nla.gov.au

"International journal of emerging technologies and society". Trove. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

Seabrook, Andrea (May 17, 2007). "The Musicians of !!!: Making Their Own 'Myths'". All Things Considered. NPR. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2010.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Grode, Eric (April 28, 2016). "Broadway Shows Get the Point! Again!". The New York Times. p. AR9. Retrieved April 22, 2025.

ostrava.cz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Logo of the City of Ostrava". OSTRAVA!!!. Archived from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.

perl6.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.perl6.org

"Object Orientation (Attributes)". Perl 6 Documentation. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.

pinkspage.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"P!nk's Biography | The Official P!nk Site". Pinkspage. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
"P!nk Music: Greatest Hits... So Far!!! (Edited) | The Official P!nk Site". Pinkspage. Archived from the original on December 19, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.

rae.es (Global: 160^th place; English: 1,853^rd place)

"interrogación y exclamación (signos de) 3. a)". Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (in Spanish). Real Academia Española. 2005. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2023.

schemers.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Richard Kelsey; William Clinger; Jonathan Rees; et al. (August 1998). "Revised⁵ Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation. 11 (1): 7–105. doi:10.1023/A:1010051815785. S2CID 14069423. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Weiskott, Eric (2012). "Making Beowulf Scream: Exclamation and the Punctuation of Old English Poetry". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 111 (1): 25–41. doi:10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025. ISSN 0363-6941. JSTOR 10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025. S2CID 163108784.
Richard Kelsey; William Clinger; Jonathan Rees; et al. (August 1998). "Revised⁵ Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation. 11 (1): 7–105. doi:10.1023/A:1010051815785. S2CID 14069423. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

smh.com.au (Global: 132^nd place; English: 96^th place)

Linnell, Garry (February 9, 2017). "Donald Trump has murdered the English language with exclamation marks". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2017.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503^rd place; English: 364^th place)

Eveleth, Rose (August 9, 2012). "The History of the Exclamation Point". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on November 18, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2022.

speechcode.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gleckler, Arthur. "The Jargon File". Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2011.

superman.nu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Elliot S! Maggin, Super-Scribe!". Superman Through The Ages!. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2009.

swinburne.edu.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Blashki, Katherine; Nichol, Sophie (2005). "Game Geek's Goss: Linguistic Creativity In Young Males Within An Online University Forum (94/\/\3 933k'5 9055oneone)" (PDF). Australian Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society. 3 (2): 78. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2012.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Jeffries, Stuart (April 28, 2009). "The joy of exclamation marks!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 13, 2025. Retrieved July 28, 2025.
Hazrat, Florence (November 17, 2022). "I'm spontaneous! I'm sincere! I'm infantile and deeply annoying! How the exclamation mark divided the world". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
Poole, Steven; Frizzell, Nell (March 7, 2016). "Should children be told to not use exclamation marks?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.

tumblr.com (Global: 784^th place; English: 604^th place)

hosekisama.tumblr.com

hosekisama. "Minstrels of a Hyaena". Tumblr. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

turkedebiyati.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ünlem İşareti ( ! )". Turk Edebiyati (in Turkish). Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

tvguide.com (Global: 73^rd place; English: 57^th place)

"Seinfeld". TVGuide. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

uci.edu (Global: 3,063^rd place; English: 2,041^st place)

tlg.uci.edu

Nicolas, Nick (September 16, 2003). ""Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation"". Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2014.

unicode.org (Global: 311^th place; English: 239^th place)

Michailovsky, Boyd; Everson, Michael (February 5, 2002). "L2/02-055: Revised proposal to encode the Limbu script in the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved June 29, 2025.

w3.org (Global: 691^st place; English: 581^st place)

"24 Character entity references in HTML 4". w3.org. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018. The following sections present the complete lists of character entity references
"A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML". w3.org. July 31, 2014. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2018. excl;

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

"Hamilton! (Cont'd.)". The Washington Post. August 14, 1986. Archived from the original on May 13, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2018.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Partridge, Eric (1953). You Have a Point There. Routledge. p. 82. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023. Reprint ISBN 0-203-37992-6
Jeffries, Stuart (April 28, 2009). "The joy of exclamation marks!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 13, 2025. Retrieved July 28, 2025.
Silla, Mirko (December 3, 2021). "Iacopo Alpoleio, l'urbisalviense che inventò il punto esclamativo". CM Junior (in Italian). Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
Rosen, Micheal (April 13, 2023). "BBC Radio 4 - Word of Mouth, Exclamation Marks!! - Exclamation Marks!! Why do we love to hate them?". BBC. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
Ore, Jonathan (April 1, 2023). "Why the exclamation mark is still something to get exicted about!". CBC. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved July 24, 2025.
Hazrat, Florence (November 17, 2022). "I'm spontaneous! I'm sincere! I'm infantile and deeply annoying! How the exclamation mark divided the world". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
Truss, Lynne (2004). Eats, Shoots & Leaves: the zero tolerance approach to punctuation. New York: Gotham Books. p. 137. ISBN 1-59240-087-6. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
Eveleth, Rose (August 9, 2012). "The History of the Exclamation Point". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on November 18, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
"ASCII Pronunciation Guide". omron.co.jp. Archived from the original on October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
Haley, Allan (March 2008). "Punctuation". Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
"bang". The Jargon File. 4.4.8. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Poe, Edgar Allen. "The Tell-Tale Heart". The Edgar Allen Poe Society of Baltimore. Archived from the original on November 23, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2010. "Villains!" I shrieked, "dissemble no more! I admit the deed! — tear up the planks! — here, here! — it is the beating of his hideous heart!"
"Effective use of email". E-strategy guide. Government of Australia, Dept. of Broadband. January 23, 2008. Archived from the original on September 29, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2007.
Gleckler, Arthur. "The Jargon File". Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
"Terminal punctuation identifies the end of a sentence, and most commonly includes periods, question marks, and exclamation points". Boundless. July 3, 2014. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
Linnell, Garry (February 9, 2017). "Donald Trump has murdered the English language with exclamation marks". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
Graham, Sheilah; Frank, Gerold (1959). Beloved Infidel: The Education of a Woman. New York: Bantam Books. p. 149. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Alt URL
Carol Waseleski. "Gender and the Use of Exclamation Points in Computer-Mediated Communication: An Analysis of Exclamations Posted to Two Electronic Discussion Lists". Indiana University. doi:10.1111/(ISSN)1083-6101. Archived from the original on September 13, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
"Being sarcastic". Learning English - How To. BBC World Service. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
"Ausrufezeichen". Duden (in German). Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
"Fragezeichen & Ausrufezeichen". Gelernt mit Bernd! (in German). Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
"A magyar helyesírás szabályai (AkH.)". Helyesirasi Tanácsadó Portál. September 1, 2015. Archived from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
"interrogación y exclamación (signos de) 3. a)". Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (in Spanish). Real Academia Española. 2005. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
"Ünlem İşareti ( ! )". Turk Edebiyati (in Turkish). Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
"The exclamation point — "a sign of failure"". Carson Park Design. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
Poole, Steven; Frizzell, Nell (March 7, 2016). "Should children be told to not use exclamation marks?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
"Saint Louis du Ha!Ha! gets Guinness World Record nod for its exclamation marks". CBC.ca. September 20, 2017. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
"Hamilton! (Cont'd.)". The Washington Post. August 14, 1986. Archived from the original on May 13, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
"Logo of the City of Ostrava". OSTRAVA!!!. Archived from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
"Factorial Function !". Math is Fun. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Factorial". Wolfram MathWorld. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
Munat, Judith (2007). Lexical Creativity, Texts and Context. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 148. ISBN 978-90-272-1567-3.
Adobe Developer Support (September 25, 1992). "PostScript Language Document Structuring Conventions (DSC) Specification Version 3.0" (PDF). Developer Resources. Adobe Systems Incorporated. p. 92. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
"Null safety". Kotlin Foundation. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
"Object Orientation (Attributes)". Perl 6 Documentation. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Richard Kelsey; William Clinger; Jonathan Rees; et al. (August 1998). "Revised⁵ Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation. 11 (1): 7–105. doi:10.1023/A:1010051815785. S2CID 14069423. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
"The Julia Language documentation: Base.:!—Function". julialang.org. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2025.
Blashki, Katherine; Nichol, Sophie (2005). "Game Geek's Goss: Linguistic Creativity In Young Males Within An Online University Forum (94/\/\3 933k'5 9055oneone)" (PDF). Australian Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society. 3 (2): 78. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
"International journal of emerging technologies and society". Trove. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
"! - Fanlore". Fanlore. October 15, 2008. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
hosekisama. "Minstrels of a Hyaena". Tumblr. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
Cronin, Brian (January 28, 2010). "Comic Book Legends Revealed #245". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on March 20, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
Michael Eury; Curt Swan; Neal Adams; et al. (2006). The Krypton Companion. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-893905-61-0. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
"Elliot S! Maggin, Super-Scribe!". Superman Through The Ages!. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
Holz, Sean. "Scoring Baseball - Advanced Symbols". Baseball Almanac. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved September 5, 2005.
Seabrook, Andrea (May 17, 2007). "The Musicians of !!!: Making Their Own 'Myths'". All Things Considered. NPR. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
Montgomery, James; Elias, Matt (January 11, 2008). "Panic At The Disco Explain Excised Exclamation Point". MTV News. Archived from the original on September 4, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
"P!nk's Biography | The Official P!nk Site". Pinkspage. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
"P!nk Music: Greatest Hits... So Far!!! (Edited) | The Official P!nk Site". Pinkspage. Archived from the original on December 19, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
"Seinfeld". TVGuide. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
"24 Character entity references in HTML 4". w3.org. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018. The following sections present the complete lists of character entity references
"A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML". w3.org. July 31, 2014. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2018. excl;

whitman.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"2.5 Uniqueness Arguments". Whitman College. Retrieved December 15, 2019.

wolfram.com (Global: 513^th place; English: 537^th place)

mathworld.wolfram.com

Weisstein, Eric W. "Factorial". Wolfram MathWorld. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Weiskott, Eric (2012). "Making Beowulf Scream: Exclamation and the Punctuation of Old English Poetry". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 111 (1): 25–41. doi:10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025. ISSN 0363-6941. JSTOR 10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025. S2CID 163108784.
Hazrat, Florence (November 17, 2022). "I'm spontaneous! I'm sincere! I'm infantile and deeply annoying! How the exclamation mark divided the world". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

Exclamation mark (English Wikipedia)

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