Fiat money (English Wikipedia)

Walsh, Carl E. (2003). Monetary Theory and Policy. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-23231-9.
Jeffrey D. Sachs, Felipe Larrain (1992). Macroeconomics for Global Economies. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0745006086. The Bretton Woods arrangement collapsed in 1971 when U.S. President Richard Nixon suspended the convertibility of the dollar into gold. Since then, the world has lived in a system of national fiat monies, with flexible exchange rates between the major currencies

bankofcanada.ca

Bank of Canada (2010). "New France (ca. 1600–1770)" (PDF). A History of the Canadian Dollar. Bank of Canada. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2014.

bankofengland.co.uk

"Most of the money in the economy is created by banks when they provide loans". Bank of England. October 1, 2019.

bis.org

"About the CPMI". www.bis.org. February 2, 2016. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
"CPMI - BIS - Red Book: CPMI countries". www.bis.org. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

books.google.com

N. Gregory Mankiw (2014). Principles of Economics. Cengage Learning. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-285-16592-9. fiat money: money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of government decree
Montgomery Rollins (1917). Money and Investments. George Routledge & Sons. ISBN 9781358416323. Archived from the original on December 27, 2016. Fiat Money. Money which a government declares shall be accepted as legal tender at its face value;
Marco Polo (1818). The Travels of Marco Polo, a Venetian, in the Thirteenth Century: Being a Description, by that Early Traveller, of Remarkable Places and Things, in the Eastern Parts of the World. pp. 353–55. Retrieved September 19, 2012.

britannica.com

"Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic | Description & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved October 6, 2023.

cpa-iraq.org

Budget and Finance (2003). "Iraq Currency Exchange". The Coalition Provisional Authority. Archived from the original on May 15, 2007.

cra-arc.gc.ca

Agency, Canada Revenue (June 22, 2017). "ARCHIVED – Eliminating the penny from Canada's coinage system - Canada.ca". www.cra-arc.gc.ca. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

doi.org

Goldberg, Dror (2005). "Famous Myths of "Fiat Money"". Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 37 (5): 957–967. doi:10.1353/mcb.2005.0052. JSTOR 3839155. S2CID 54713138.
Lagos, Ricardo & Wright, Randall (2005). "A Unified Framework for Monetary Theory and Policy Analysis". Journal of Political Economy. 113 (3): 463–84. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.563.3199. doi:10.1086/429804. S2CID 154851073..
Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro & Wright, Randall (1989). "On Money as a Medium of Exchange". Journal of Political Economy. 97 (4): 927–54. doi:10.1086/261634. S2CID 154872512..
Selgin, George (2003), "Adaptive Learning and the Transition to Fiat Money", The Economic Journal, 113 (484): 147–65, doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00094, S2CID 153964856.
Foote, Christopher; Block, William; Crane, Keith & Gray, Simon (2004). "Economic Policy and Prospects in Iraq" (PDF). The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 18 (3): 47–70. doi:10.1257/0895330042162395..

econjwatch.org

Hummel, Jeffrey Rogers. "Death and Taxes, Including Inflation: the Public versus Economists" (January 2007). "Death and Taxes, Including Inflation: The Public versus Economists · Econ Journal Watch : Inflation, deadweight loss, deficit, money, national debt, seigniorage, taxation, velocity". Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2014. p. 56

econstor.eu

Foote, Christopher; Block, William; Crane, Keith & Gray, Simon (2004). "Economic Policy and Prospects in Iraq" (PDF). The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 18 (3): 47–70. doi:10.1257/0895330042162395..

eh.net

Michener, Ron (2003). "Money in the American Colonies Archived February 21, 2015, at the Wayback Machine." EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples.

federalreserve.gov

"FRB: H.6 Release--Money Stock and Debt Measures--January 27, 2011". www.federalreserve.gov. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

financialsense.com

Ramsden, Dave (2004). "A Very Short History of Chinese Paper Money". James J. Puplava Financial Sense. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008.

forbes.com

Smith, Gayle E. "Millions Will Fall Into Extreme Poverty If The U.S. And China Can't Come Together On The African Debt Crisis". Forbes. Retrieved November 14, 2023.

frbatlanta.org

"How Amsterdam Got Fiat Money". www.frbatlanta.org. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

frbsf.org

Paul Krugman; Gauti Eggertsson. "Debt, Deleveraging, and the liquidity trap: A Fisher-Minsky-Koo approach" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2013.

jstor.org

Goldberg, Dror (2005). "Famous Myths of "Fiat Money"". Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 37 (5): 957–967. doi:10.1353/mcb.2005.0052. JSTOR 3839155. S2CID 54713138.

loc.gov

lcweb2.loc.gov

""Bretton Woods" Federal Research Division Country Studies (Austria)". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on December 2, 2010.

mint.ca

"Playing Card Money Set". Royal Canadian Mint. 2014. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
"Million Dollar Coin". www.mint.ca. Archived from the original on March 9, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

mises.org

Bill (September 12, 2023). "Is the Money in Your Checking Account Yours or the Bank's?". Mises Institute. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
kanopiadmin (September 21, 2004). "Weimar and Wall Street". Mises Institute. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
kanopiadmin (June 16, 2008). "Commodity Prices and Inflation: What's the Connection?". Mises Institute. Retrieved October 6, 2023.

news24.com

"Rise and fall of the Gold Standard". news24.com. May 30, 2014. Archived from the original on May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

nytimes.com

Tabuchi, Hiroko (March 12, 2021). "Countries Tried to Curb Trade in Plastic Waste. The U.S. Is Shipping More". The New York Times.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Lagos, Ricardo & Wright, Randall (2005). "A Unified Framework for Monetary Theory and Policy Analysis". Journal of Political Economy. 113 (3): 463–84. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.563.3199. doi:10.1086/429804. S2CID 154851073..

quickonomics.com

"The Four Different Types of Money – Quickonomics". Quickonomics. September 17, 2016. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2018.

royalmint.com

"Legal Tender Guidelines | The Royal Mint". www.royalmint.com.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Goldberg, Dror (2005). "Famous Myths of "Fiat Money"". Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 37 (5): 957–967. doi:10.1353/mcb.2005.0052. JSTOR 3839155. S2CID 54713138.
Lagos, Ricardo & Wright, Randall (2005). "A Unified Framework for Monetary Theory and Policy Analysis". Journal of Political Economy. 113 (3): 463–84. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.563.3199. doi:10.1086/429804. S2CID 154851073..
Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro & Wright, Randall (1989). "On Money as a Medium of Exchange". Journal of Political Economy. 97 (4): 927–54. doi:10.1086/261634. S2CID 154872512..
Selgin, George (2003), "Adaptive Learning and the Transition to Fiat Money", The Economic Journal, 113 (484): 147–65, doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00094, S2CID 153964856.

silvercoins.com

Dave (August 22, 2014). "Silver as Money: A History of US Silver Coins". Silver Coins. Retrieved March 7, 2019.

web.archive.org

Montgomery Rollins (1917). Money and Investments. George Routledge & Sons. ISBN 9781358416323. Archived from the original on December 27, 2016. Fiat Money. Money which a government declares shall be accepted as legal tender at its face value;
"The Four Different Types of Money – Quickonomics". Quickonomics. September 17, 2016. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
Ramsden, Dave (2004). "A Very Short History of Chinese Paper Money". James J. Puplava Financial Sense. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008.
"How Amsterdam Got Fiat Money". www.frbatlanta.org. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
Bank of Canada (2010). "New France (ca. 1600–1770)" (PDF). A History of the Canadian Dollar. Bank of Canada. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
"Playing Card Money Set". Royal Canadian Mint. 2014. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
"Rise and fall of the Gold Standard". news24.com. May 30, 2014. Archived from the original on May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
Michener, Ron (2003). "Money in the American Colonies Archived February 21, 2015, at the Wayback Machine." EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples.
""Bretton Woods" Federal Research Division Country Studies (Austria)". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on December 2, 2010.
Agency, Canada Revenue (June 22, 2017). "ARCHIVED – Eliminating the penny from Canada's coinage system - Canada.ca". www.cra-arc.gc.ca. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
"Million Dollar Coin". www.mint.ca. Archived from the original on March 9, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
"FRB: H.6 Release--Money Stock and Debt Measures--January 27, 2011". www.federalreserve.gov. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
"About the CPMI". www.bis.org. February 2, 2016. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
"CPMI - BIS - Red Book: CPMI countries". www.bis.org. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
Hummel, Jeffrey Rogers. "Death and Taxes, Including Inflation: the Public versus Economists" (January 2007). "Death and Taxes, Including Inflation: The Public versus Economists · Econ Journal Watch : Inflation, deadweight loss, deficit, money, national debt, seigniorage, taxation, velocity". Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2014. p. 56
"Escaping from a Liquidity Trap and Deflation: The Foolproof Way and Others Archived February 26, 2014, at the Wayback Machine" Lars E.O. Svensson, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 17, Issue 4 Fall 2003, pp. 145–66
John Makin (November 2010). "Bernanke Battles U.S. Deflation Threat" (PDF). AEI. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2013.
Paul Krugman; Gauti Eggertsson. "Debt, Deleveraging, and the liquidity trap: A Fisher-Minsky-Koo approach" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2013.
Budget and Finance (2003). "Iraq Currency Exchange". The Coalition Provisional Authority. Archived from the original on May 15, 2007.

wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

Fīat is the third-person singular present active subjunctive of fiō ("I become", "I am made").

worldcat.org

Blume, Lawrence E; (Firm), Palgrave Macmillan; Durlauf, Steven N (2019). The new Palgrave dictionary of economics. Palgrave Macmillan (Firm) (Living Reference Work ed.). United Kingdom. ISBN 9781349951215. OCLC 968345651.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)