Finland (English Wikipedia)

Nordstrom, Byron J. (2000). Scandinavia Since 1500. Minneapolis, US: University of Minnesota Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-8166-2098-2.
Nordstrom, Byron J. (2000). Scandinavia Since 1500. Minneapolis, US: University of Minnesota Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-8166-2098-2.

avi.fi

"Tervetuloa aluehallintoviraston verkkosivuille!" (in Finnish). State Provincial Office. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.

avkvalves.eu

"Supplying more than 100 valves to the largest gold mine in Europe". AVK International. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.

awardsandshows.com

"List of Winners – Golden Globes Best Foreign Film". Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2013.

barbmu.wordpress.com

"Saamelaisten määrä Sisä-Suomessa". bárbmu ry/rs (in Finnish). 30 July 2017. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2024.

bbc.com

"Ukraine War: Finland to decide on Nato membership in weeks says PM Marin". BBC News. 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
"UK agrees mutual security deals with Finland and Sweden". BBC. 11 May 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022. The UK has agreed mutual security pacts with Sweden and Finland, agreeing to come to their aid should either nation come under attack. UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson visited both countries to sign the deals, amid debate about them joining Nato.

birdlife.fi

"BirdLife Finland". BirdLife International (2004) Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12). Archived from the original on 26 January 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2007.

bofbulletin.fi

Virén, Matti; Vanhala, Juuso (30 June 2015). "Shortage of new firms jams labour market recovery". Bank of Finland Bulletin. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.

books.google.com

Maillefer, Jean-Marie (2000). "Finland". In Vauchez, André (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 546–547. ISBN 978-1-57958-282-1.
Kirby 2006, p. 9. Kirby, David (13 July 2006). A Concise History of Finland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83225-0.
Meinander, Henrik (2020). History of Finland. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-005402-1.
Kirby 2006, p. 2. Kirby, David (13 July 2006). A Concise History of Finland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83225-0.
Sanders, Ruth H. (2021). The Languages of Scandinavia: Seven Sisters of the North. University of Chicago Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-0-226-75975-3.
The Nordic Languages. W. de Gruyter. 2002. p. 1648. ISBN 978-3-11-017149-5.
Historical Dictionary of Finland. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2021. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-5381-1154-3.
Kirby 2006, p. 28. Kirby, David (13 July 2006). A Concise History of Finland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83225-0.
Kirby 2006, pp. 37–38. Kirby, David (13 July 2006). A Concise History of Finland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83225-0.
Books from Finland. Publishers' Association of Finland. 1992. p. 180.
Merivirta, Raita; Koivunen, Leila; Särkkä, Timo (1 January 2022). Finnish Colonial Encounters: From Anti-Imperialism to Cultural Colonialism and Complicity. Springer Nature. p. 43. ISBN 978-3-030-80610-1.
Lefaivre, Liane; Tzonis, Alexander (2020). Architecture of Regionalism in the Age of Globalization: Peaks and Valleys in the Flat World. New York: Routledge. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-00-022106-0.
Singleton, Fred; Upton, Anthony F. (1998). A short history of Finland. Cambridge University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-521-64701-4.
Michael Jones (2013). "Leningrad: State of Siege". Basic Books. p. 38. ISBN 0-7867-2177-4
Sundholm, John; Thorsen, Isak; Andersson, Lars Gustaf; Hedling, Olof; Iversen, Gunnar; Møller, Birgir Thor (20 September 2012). Historical Dictionary of Scandinavian Cinema (Google eBook). Scarecrow Press. p. 389 et seq. ISBN 978-0-8108-7899-0. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
Festivals of Western Europe. Forgotten Books. 1973. p. 202. ISBN 9781465579997.

boombox.fi

"Hiphop Suomessa". BoomBox (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.

borealforest.org

Corona, Hanna (30 August 2022). "Finland - Forests and Forestry". Boreal Forest. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.

britannica.com

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Russo-Finnish War". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Jan. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/event/Russo-Finnish-War. Accessed 9 April 2025

businessfinland.fi

Matkailutilinpito: Matkailun talous- ja työllisyysvaikutukset 2016–2017 (PDF) (Report) (in Finnish). Business Finland, Visit Finland. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
Tourism as Export Infographic 2019 (PDF) (Report). Business Finland, Visit Finland. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

cia.gov

"Finland". Central Intelligence Agency. 8 August 2023. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2021 – via CIA.gov.
Ford, Hal (August 1972). ESAU -LVI – FINLANDIZATION IN ACTION: HELSINKI'S EXPERIENCE WITH MOSCOW (PDF). DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
"Europe :: Finland – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2025.

cnn.com

Lewis, Nell (13 September 2018). "Why Finland loves rally". CNN. Retrieved 15 October 2022.

constituteproject.org

"Constitution of Finland, 1999 (rev. 2011)". Constitute Project. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

councilwomenworldleaders.org

"TARJA HALONEN – President of Finland (2000–2012)". Council of Women World Leaders. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.

countrystudies.us

"Finland and the Swedish Empire Archived 26 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine". Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
The Finnish Civil War, Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 18 May 2016.

defmin.fi

"JEF cooperation". Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.

democracyranking.org

"Scores of the Democracy Ranking 2012". Global Democracy Ranking. 2012. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

directo.fi

rhk-fi-bin.directo.fi

Transport and communications ministry—Rail. For the year 2009 update: Finnish Railway Statistics 2010.

discoverthebaltic.com

"The Busiest Crossing". Discover the Baltic. 24 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 March 2010.

doi.org

Nousiainen, Jaakko (June 2001). "From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland". Scandinavian Political Studies. 24 (2): 95–109. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00048. ISSN 0080-6757.
"Tertiary education graduation rates—Education: Key Tables from OECD". OECD iLibrary. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 14 June 2010. doi:10.1787/20755120-table1 (inactive 2 November 2024). Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; et al. (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; et al. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). "Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship". www.wipo.int. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
Lawn, Joy E.; Blencowe, Hannah; Pattinson, Robert; Cousens, Simon; Kumar, Rajesh; Ibiebele, Ibinabo; Gardosi, Jason; Day, Louise T.; Stanton, Cynthia (2011). "Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count?". The Lancet. 377 (9775): 1448–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62187-3. hdl:2263/16343. PMID 21496911. S2CID 14278260. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

doingbusiness.org

archive.doingbusiness.org

"Ranking of economies – Doing Business – World Bank Group". doingbusiness.org. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2025.

e24.no

"Her er verdens mest konkurransedyktige land—Makro og politikk". E24.no. 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 14 October 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2011.

economicsandpeace.org

"2024 Global Peace Index" (PDF).

economist.com

C.G. (11 October 2017). "Explaining the Finnish love of tango". The Economist. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.

edunation.co

"Odd Facts about Finland". edunation.co. 19 September 2017. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.

eduskunta.fi

web.eduskunta.fi

Parliament of Finland. "History of the Finnish Parliament". eduskunta.fi. Archived from the original on 6 December 2015.

eduskunta.fi

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Between the Government of the Republic of Finland and Headquarters, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation As Well As Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Regarding the Provision of Host Nation Support for the Execution of NATO: Operations / Exercises / Similar Military Activity (PDF) (Report). NATO. n.d. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2022 – via Parliament of Finland.

efnil.org

Nuolijärvi, Pirkko (Fall 2011). Language education policy and practice in Finland (PDF). European Federation of National Institutions for Language. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2019.

eroakirkosta.fi

Eroakirkosta.fi – Kirkosta eronnut tänä vuonna 40 000 ihmistä Archived 31 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).

etla.fi

The Nordic Model Archived 5 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine by Torben M. Andersen, Bengt Holmström, Seppo Honkapohja, Sixten Korkman, Hans Tson Söderström, Juhana Vartiainen

euromaidanpress.com

Chertok, Paula (11 April 2015). "Finland - Sparta of the North". Euromaidan Press. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

euronews.com

"Five things to know about Finland's new 'selfie' president Alex Stubb". euronews. 12 February 2024.
Askew, Joshua (29 April 2022). "NATO chief says Finland and Sweden could join 'quickly' as both warm to membership". Euronews. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
"File:Intentional homicides, 2016 (police-recorded offences per 100 000 inhabitants).png". Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
"Electricity price statistics - Statistics Explained". Eurostat. 13 April 2023. ISSN 2443-8219. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Share of energy from renewable sources". Eurostat. 5 April 2023. NRG_IND_REN. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Europeans and their languages, the situation in 2005" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
"Special Eurobarometer Biotechnology" (PDF) (Fieldwork: January–February 2010 ed.). October 2010. p. 204. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

europecentenary.eu

Simbeteanu, Iulian. "«Reds» vs. «Whites»: The Finnish Civil War (January- May 1918)". Europe Centenary. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2024.

eurovisionworld.com

"Eurovision 2006 Results: Voting & Points". Eurovisionworld. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
"Eurovision 2023 Results: Voting & Points". Eurovisionworld. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.

eurydice.org

"Summary sheets on education systems in Europe" (PDF). Eurydice.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2010.

evl.fi

sakasti.evl.fi

Lutheran church member statistics (2016) Archived 15 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine evl.fi
Church statistical yesrbook 2012 Archived 20 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland

expat-finland.com

Allt, Stuart. "Finnish Sports: Try the sports Finns love!". Expat Finland.

famouscampaigns.com

Campaigns, Famous. "Finland stage world's first heavy metal knitting championship". Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2020.

fiba.basketball

"Fan power! Finn power! The tournament "begins" on a winning note for Dettman's team". FIBA.com. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

fimr.fi

"Trends in sea level variability". Finnish Institute of Marine Research. 24 August 2004. Archived from the original on 27 February 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2007.

finavia.fi

"Statistics: A total of 18.3 million passengers flew via Finavia's airports in 2023". Finavia. 15 January 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
"Airport operations" (PDF). Annual report 2008. Vantaa: Finavia. 17 March 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2009.

fingrid.fi

"Sähkön tuotanto ja kulutus" (in Finnish). Fingrid. 19 May 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2023.

finland.cn

Sipilä, Kari. "A country that innovates". Virtual Finland. Ministry for Foreign Affairs / Department for Communication and Culture / Unit for Promotion and Publications / Embassy and Consulates General of Finland in China. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011.

finland.fi

"Tracing Finland's eastern border". thisisFINLAND. 22 March 2011. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
"Real bridge-builder became Finland's first female government minister – thisisFINLAND". thisisFINLAND. 29 September 2017. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
Defensive victory led the way to peace Archived 2 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine Max Jakobson, Helsingin Sanomat, 3 September 2004.
"Iconic Finnish nature symbols stand out". This is Finland. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
"SOS: Save our seals". this is Finland (Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland). Archived from the original on 10 September 2015.
Korpela, Salla (May 2005). "The Church in Finland today". Finland Promotion Board; Produced by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Department for Communications and Culture. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
"Finland's Tove Jansson and the Moomin story". thisisFINLAND. 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
"Finnish metropolises vie to win Capital of Metal". thisisFINLAND. 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
"Don't mess with Finnish jazz". thisisFINLAND. 9 September 2014. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
"Media moves". ThisisFINLAND (Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland). Archived from the original on 1 May 2011.

formin.finland.fi

"Uudenvuodenaatto Pietarin Smolnassa – Itsenäisyyden tunnustus 31.12.1917" (in Finnish). Ulkoministeriö. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
formin.finland.fi Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine; Suurlähettiläs Jaakko Blomberg: Kylmän sodan päättyminen, Suomi ja Viro – Ulkoasiainministeriö: Ajankohtaista. Retrieved 18 May 2016.

toolbox.finland.fi

"Finland in Figures" (PDF). Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2025.

virtual.finland.fi

Helamaa, Erkki; Pentikäinen, Juha (November 2001). "Sauna – A Finnish national institution". Virtual Finland. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008.

finlandtoday.fi

Öhberg, Tony. "Finland Places Among the Top Four English-Speaking Countries in the World". Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.

finlex.fi

Finnish constitution Archived 13 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Section 93.
"Perustuslaki: 2. luku Perusoikeudet, 6 § Yhdenvertaisuus 2 momentti" (in Finnish). Finlex. 1999. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
"The Constitution of Finland, 17 § and 121 §" (PDF). FINLEX Data Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2007.

finlit.fi

"Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura: Juhannuskokko". Finlit.fi. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
"Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura: Koivunoksia ja maitoruokia". Finlit.fi. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.

finna.fi

"eläinpääase; karhunpäänuija". Museovirasto (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.

fmi.fi

"Finland's climate". Finnish Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

foreigner.fi

"5 Finnish cities that deserve a tourist visit". Foreigner.fi. 23 June 2019. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.

foreignpolicy.com

Gramer, Robbie (22 April 2022). "'Thanks, Putin': Finnish and Swedish Lawmakers Aim for NATO Membership". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.

freedomhouse.org

"Freedom of the Press: Finland". Freedom House. 2013. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

gamla-hamn.fi

"Gamla hamn i Jakobstad". www.gamla-hamn.fi. Retrieved 9 April 2025.

geonames.de

The names for Finland in its Sami languages are: Suopma (Northern Sami), Suomâ (Inari Sami) and Lää'ddjânnam (Skolt Sami). See Geonames.de.

goldenglobes.com

"The Fencer". goldenglobes.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Lawn, Joy E.; Blencowe, Hannah; Pattinson, Robert; Cousens, Simon; Kumar, Rajesh; Ibiebele, Ibinabo; Gardosi, Jason; Day, Louise T.; Stanton, Cynthia (2011). "Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count?". The Lancet. 377 (9775): 1448–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62187-3. hdl:2263/16343. PMID 21496911. S2CID 14278260. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; et al. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.

hbl.fi

Piippo, Mikael (12 December 2018). "Finlandssvenska ungdomar talar sällan finska – särskilt på nätet är finskan ovanlig". Hufvudstadsbladet. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2021.

helsinkitimes.fi

"Finland to raise wartime strength to 280,000 troops". 17 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
"Finland ranks 6th in European LGTBQ+ rights comparison". Helsinki Times. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
"Small enterprises grow faster than the big ones". Helsinkitimes.fi. 11 April 2008. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
"Twice a minority: foreign immigration to Swedish-speaking communities in Finland". helsinkitimes.fi. 12 December 2020. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
"Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Kristinestad". helsinkitimes.fi. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
"Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Jakobstad". helsinkitimes.fi. 8 January 2015. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
"Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Nykarleby". helsinkitimes.fi. 4 December 2014. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
Teivainen, Aleksi (13 April 2019). "Finland's first-graders to start learning foreign language in spring 2020". Helsinki Times. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
"Salmon soup is one of many Lappish wonders". Helsinki Times.

histdoc.net

The Soviet Russia's recognition of Finland's independence Dec. 1917 - Jan. 1918, archived from the original on 22 February 2024, retrieved 22 February 2024

history.co.uk

"How Finland protected its WW2 independence during the Winter War". Sky HISTORY TV channel. Retrieved 9 April 2025.

history.com

History.com (2009): USSR expelled from the League of Nations Archived 14 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine. A&E Television Networks.

hs.fi

Hidden help from across the Atlantic Archived 29 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Helsingin Sanomat.
Valta vaihtui urheilussa: Suomalaiset arvostavat nyt enemmän futista kuin jääkiekkoa |Jalkapallo |HS. Hs.fi (27 February 2014). Retrieved 18 May 2016.

hunturk.net

forum.hunturk.net

"National Minorities of Finland, The Tatars". Forum.hunturk.net. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

iea.org

International Energy Agency (12 May 2022). "Oil Stocks of IEA Countries". Paris: IEA. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.

ilmasto-opas.fi

"The climate in Finland (finnish)". Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.

iltalehti.fi

"Suomella on järisyttävän suuri ja kadehdittu tykistö". Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
Rautio, Samppa (5 March 2019). "Tänään on vietetty laskiaista – mutta tiedätkö, mistä päivässä on oikein kyse?". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Retrieved 26 November 2020.

imf.org

"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Finland)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
"Finland". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2013.

infofinland.fi

"Finnish history". infoFinland.fi. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
"Housing in Finland". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
"Det svenska språket i Finland" (in Swedish). InfoFinland. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2021.

is.fi

"Pääkirjoitus: Kansalaissota on arka muistettava" Archived 26 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
Autio, Antti (4 April 2021). "'Suomi pärjää ilman Venäjän sähköä' – omavaraisuus saavutetaan kahdessa vuodessa, arvioi Fingrid". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). STT, Antti. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
Lempinen, Marko (11 July 2019). "Suomalainen musiikki jyrää, mutta mihin katosivat kotimaiset bändit? Toni Wirtanen lataa tiskiin rajun näkemyksen: 'Pienen porukan varassa ollaan'". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.

karjalainen.fi

Karjalainen – Kastettujen määrä romahtanut – kirkollisista ristiäisistä luopuu yhä useampi Archived 16 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine 13 June 2016 (in Finnish).

kielikello.fi

Ajanilmaukset Archived 20 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Kielikello 2/2006. Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 20 October 2017

kirkkonummensanomat.fi

Kirkkonummen Sanomat: Nurmijärvi – ilmiö voimistui heinäkuussa – Kirkkonummella väkiluvun kasvu 1,2 % Archived 30 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).

kirkontilastot.fi

Jäsentilasto 2024 Archived 29 April 2024 at the Wayback Machine Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland

kotus.fi

"Forskningscentralen för de inhemska språken—Teckenspråken i Finland" (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 18 March 2015.

kuntaliitto.fi

"Kaupunkien ja kuntien lukumäärät ja väestötiedot" (in Finnish). Suomen Kuntaliitto – Association of Finnish Municipalities. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2021.

lansivayla.fi

Jalkapallolla eniten harrastajia – se lyö lätkän, hiihto on alamäessä Archived 26 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Länsiväylä (28 February 2016). Retrieved 18 May 2016. (in Finnish).

lifeinlapland.com

"The Real Home of Santa Claus in Finland". Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.

loc.gov

memory.loc.gov

"A Country Study: Finland—The Finnish Civil War". Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2008.

lcweb2.loc.gov

Text from PD source: US Library of Congress: A Country Study: Finland Archived 14 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Library of Congress Call Number DL1012 .A74 1990.

luke.fi

"What was eaten in Finland in 2017". Luonnonvarakeskus. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2019.

maailmanmuisti.fi

"Archives of the Royal Academy of Turku and the Imperial Alexander University". Memory of the World Programme. UNESCO National Committee. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.

macrotrends.net

"Finland GDP Per Capita 1960-2025". macrotrends.net. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

maine.coop

"Finland: Globalization Insurance: Finland's Leap of Caution". Cooperatives Build a Better Maine. Cooperative Maine Business Alliance & Cooperative Development Institute. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

medalspercapita.com

"Olympic Medals per Capita". medalspercapita.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2012.

mediaauditfinland.fi

"LT ja JT tarkastustilasto 2019" [Circulation Statistics 2019] (PDF) (in Finnish). Media Audit Finland. 5 August 2020. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.

metla.fi

"Euroopan metsäisin maa". Luke (in Finnish). 2013. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2016.

migri.fi

"Child born in Finland". Finnish Immigration Service. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
"Finnish Directorate of Immigration". 10 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011.

mining.com

Chen, Jackson (27 October 2023). "Agnico operating permit restored for Kittila mine in Finland". Mining.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.

minorityrights.org

"Finland - World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples". 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.

mmm.fi

"Finland's Northern Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities for Agriculture" (PDF). Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland. pp. 1–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

mtv.fi

"Leijonien MM-finaalista historian katsotuin jääkiekko-ottelu Suomessa!". MTV. 23 May 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.

mtvuutiset.fi

"MTV Uutisten kysely: Nato-jäsenyyden kannatus on noussut 30 prosenttiin, vastustus laskenut selvästi – "Turvallisempaa olisi lännen kanssa"". mtvuutiset.fi (in Finnish). 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
"MTV:n kysely: Nato-jäsenyyttä kannattaa 68 prosenttia suomalaisista – Venäjän vastatoimet huolestuttavat". mtvuutiset.fi (in Finnish). 11 April 2022. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
"Joko nyt? Olkiluodon ydinvoimalan viimeinen testi maalissa – maanantaista odotetaan suurta päivää". MTVuutiset.fi (in Finnish). STT. 13 April 2023. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Kalat, joita suomalaiset syövät nyt eniten: Yksi ylivoimainen suosikki". MTV Uutiset (in Finnish).

musicfinland.com

"Kaija Saariaho voted greatest living composer by BBC Music Magazine". Music Finland. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
"Finnish jenkka song took over Japan's department stores". Music Finland. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.

nationalparks.fi

"Saimaa Ringed Seal". Nationalparks.fi. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

natowatch.org

Chamberlain, Nigel (19 May 2014). "Is Finland taking a step closer to NATO membership" (PDF). NATO Watch. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2018.

networkreadinessindex.org

"NRI 2024 Edition – Press Release". Portulans Institute. 20 November 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

newseum.org

2010 Freedom of the Press Survey Archived 5 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved 4 May 2011).

newsinfrance.com

"Finnish government approves indefinite entry restrictions for Russians". 6 July 2023. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

newsnowfinland.fi

"Top Gear: Finland's Busiest Roads Revealed". News Now Finland. 19 March 2018. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2020.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; et al. (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; et al. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
Lawn, Joy E.; Blencowe, Hannah; Pattinson, Robert; Cousens, Simon; Kumar, Rajesh; Ibiebele, Ibinabo; Gardosi, Jason; Day, Louise T.; Stanton, Cynthia (2011). "Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count?". The Lancet. 377 (9775): 1448–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62187-3. hdl:2263/16343. PMID 21496911. S2CID 14278260. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; et al. (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; et al. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.

nobelprize.org

"The Nobel Peace Prize 2008". The Nobel Foundation. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2009.

norden.org

"Swedish language courses for foreigners in Åland | Nordic cooperation". norden.org. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.

nytimes.com

Li, Leslie (16 April 1989). "A Land of a Thousand Lakes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2020.

oasisoftheseas.com

"Oasis of the Seas: Fast Facts" (PDF). OasisoftheSeas.com. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2009.

oecd-ilibrary.org

"Tertiary education graduation rates—Education: Key Tables from OECD". OECD iLibrary. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 14 June 2010. doi:10.1787/20755120-table1 (inactive 2 November 2024). Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)

oecd.org

stats.oecd.org

"Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.

officialcharts.com

"Eurovision Official Chart Record! Why 2023 is contest's biggest year yet". www.officialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.

operafestival.fi

"Home – Savonlinna Opera Festival". Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.

oulu.fi

herkules.oulu.fi

Herkules.oulu.fi Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. People, material, culture and environment in the north. Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Archaeological Conference, University of Oulu, 18–23 August 2004 Edited by Vesa-Pekka Herva.
"Nutritional and genetic adaptation of galliform birds: implications for hand-rearing and restocking". Oulu University Library (2000). 17 May 2001. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2008.

oulu.fi

Havas, Paavo. "Pohjoiset alueet / yleiskuvaus" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

ourworldindata.org

"Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
Roser, Max (2014). "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries". Our World in Data, Gapminder Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2019.

pakblog.net

"World Happiness report". 2012. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2012.

pesis.fi

"Introduction to the game" (in Finnish). Pesäpalloliitto. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

pewforum.org

"Muslim Population Growth in Europe". pewforum.org. 29 November 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2018.

presidentti.fi

"Duties". Presidentti. Retrieved 3 March 2025.

prlib.ru

"USSR and Finland signed the Moscow Treaty". Presidential Library. Retrieved 9 April 2025.

prosperity.com

"The 2009 Legatum Prosperity Index". Prosperity.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

puolustusvoimat.fi

"Ennätysmäärä vapaaehtoisia naisia suoritti varusmiespalveluksen – kotiutuneita yli 1000 -". Puolustusvoimat (in Finnish). 30 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
"European Union battlegroups". Finnish Defence Forces. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2018.

research.fi

"Scientific publication—Finnish science and technology Information Service" (in Finnish). Research.fi. 15 November 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
"Patents with numbers—Finnish science and technology Information Service" (in Finnish). Research.fi. 8 December 2009. Archived from the original on 11 October 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

romanit.fi

"Romanit ovat etninen vähemmistö | Näin se näkyy meillä". Romanit.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.

royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com

"Freedom of the Seas Fact Sheet – Royal Caribbean Press Center". royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.

rusi.org

"Finland's Next President Will Face a Changed Security Landscape". Rusi. Retrieved 5 April 2025.

s3.amazonaws.com

"World Happiness Report 2016 | Volume I (page 22)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
"World Happiness Report 2012 (page 30)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.

salisbury.edu

lfq.salisbury.edu

Larsen, Mads (January 2020). "Agreeing on History Adaptation as Restorative Truth in Finnish Reconciliation, Mads Larsen, Literature Film Quarterly". lfq.salisbury.edu. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

santaclausvillage.info

"Santa Claus Reindeer rides & excursions in Rovaniemi Lapland Finland". Santa Claus Village Rovaniemi Finland. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

scholarshipsineurope.com

"List of University in Finland". scholarshipsineurope.com. July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.

seattletimes.com

"Finland's conservative party picks ministers for right-wing coalition government – The Seattle Times". www.seattletimes.com. 18 June 2023. Archived from the original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lawn, Joy E.; Blencowe, Hannah; Pattinson, Robert; Cousens, Simon; Kumar, Rajesh; Ibiebele, Ibinabo; Gardosi, Jason; Day, Louise T.; Stanton, Cynthia (2011). "Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count?". The Lancet. 377 (9775): 1448–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62187-3. hdl:2263/16343. PMID 21496911. S2CID 14278260. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

sketsi.net

Uuno armeijan leivissä ja muut Turhapuro elokuvat (in Finnish).

sprakinstitutet.fi

"Språk i Finland" [Language in Finland]. Institute for the Languages of Finland (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2021.

stat.fi

"Number of foreign-language speakers exceeded 600,000 during 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 4 April 2025. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
"Preliminary population statistics". Statistics Finland. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
Myrskylä, Pekka (20 February 2007). "From slash-and-burn fields to post-industrial society—90 years of change in industrial structure". Statistics Finland. Finland 1917–2007. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
"Population development in independent Finland—greying Baby Boomers". Statistics Finland. 5 December 2007. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024. Finland 1917–2007
"Statistics Finland, Environment and Natural Resources". Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
Työvoimakustannukset puuttuvat puolustusmenoista Archived 12 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Statistics Finland (in Finnish): Eurostat ranking is sixth, but the third when conscription is accounted.
"Finland in Figures—National Accounts". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
"Finland in Figures—Manufacturing". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
"Finland in Figures 2023 – key figures about us". Statistics Finland. 1 June 2023. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
"Energia" (in Finnish). Tilastokeskus. 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Concepts: Origin and background country". Statistics Finland. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
"Immigration record high in Finland in 2023". Statistics Finland. 25 January 2024. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
"Finland's preliminary population figure was 5,639,600 at the end of February 2025". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 25 March 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
"Population and society". stat.fi. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
Birth rate fell to the lowest level in statistical history in 2023 Archived 28 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Stat.fi (14 April 2015). Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"Health (2004)". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2007.

state.gov

2009-2017.state.gov

"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012: Finland". U.S. State of Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

2001-2009.state.gov

"International Religious Freedom Report 2004". U.S. Department of State. 15 September 2004. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2007.

statista.com

"Key economic indicators of Finland". statista.com. 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
"The Countries Most Addicted to Coffee". statista.com. October 2020.

stm.fi

"Wellbeing services counties will be responsible for organising health, social and rescue services on 1 January 2023". Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
"Health care in Finland" (PDF). STM. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2014.

study.eu

"The top 9 best universities in Finland: 2021 rankings". study.eu. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

studyinfinland.fi

"Universities of Applied Sciences in Finland". studyinfinland.fi. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.

suomenpankki.fi

"Pankinjohtaja Sinikka Salon puhe Snellman ja Suomen markka -näyttelyn avajaisissa Suomen Pankin rahamuseossa" (in Finnish). Bank of Finland. 10 January 2006. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2020.

tabblo.com

"Ruttopuisto – Plague Park". Tabblo.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2008.

talouselama.fi

Mikkonen, Antti (17 May 2013). "Sata suurinta työnantajaa: Nokia jäi kakkoseksi". Talouselämä. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.

tem.fi

Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment. "Finnish tourism in numbers". Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

thebarentsobserver.com

Staalesen, Atle (18 December 2023). "New defence agreement: Finland invites American troops to bases in Lapland". The Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.

theculturetrip.com

Wood, Jessica (17 August 2017). "The Top 12 Ski Resorts in Finland". Culture Trip.
Seelinger, Lani (16 June 2015). "The 10 Most Beautiful Towns in Finland". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.

theguardian.com

Benson, Andrew (10 March 2008). "Formula One 2008: Why are Finnish drivers so good?". the Guardian. Retrieved 15 October 2022.

thelancet.com

Lawn, Joy E.; Blencowe, Hannah; Pattinson, Robert; Cousens, Simon; Kumar, Rajesh; Ibiebele, Ibinabo; Gardosi, Jason; Day, Louise T.; Stanton, Cynthia (2011). "Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count?". The Lancet. 377 (9775): 1448–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62187-3. hdl:2263/16343. PMID 21496911. S2CID 14278260. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

thetimes.com

Simons, Paul (30 November 2024). "Winter war: Snow skills gave Finland advantage over Soviet invaders in 1939". www.thetimes.com. Retrieved 9 April 2025.

tilastokeskus.fi

"Suomalaisten tulot Euroopan keskitasoa. Hyvinvointipalvelut eivät paranna sijoitusta". Tilastokeskus.fi. 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
"The population of Finland in 2006". Statistics Finland. 31 December 2006. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
Population structure Archived 18 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Statistics Finland
"Tilastokeskus.fi". Tilastokeskus.fi. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2011.

time.com

"World's Greatest Places: Helsinki Central Library Oodi". Time. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.

newsfeed.time.com

And the World's Most Educated Country Is... . Time. (27 September 2012). Retrieved 18 May 2016.

topuniversities.com

"Top University Ranking of 2025: University of Helsinki". Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2025.

transparency.org

cpi.transparency.org

"Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 – Results". Transparency.org. Archived from the original on 29 November 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2012.

travelandleisure.com

Mansel, Lydia (15 November 2023). "15 Best Places to Visit in Finland, From the Sauna Capital of the World to Santa Claus Village". Travel + Leisure. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.

trip101.com

"Top 6 Theme Parks And Amusement Parks in Finland". Trip101. 30 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

uef.fi

epublications.uef.fi

Yang, Junyi (Spring 2018). Teachers' Role in Developing Healthy Self-esteem in Young Learners: A study of English language teachers in Finland (PDF) (Master's Degree Program in Early Language Education for Intercultural Communication thesis). University of Eastern Finland. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.

undp.org

hdr.undp.org

"Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. p. 279. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

hdrstats.undp.org

"Statistics of the Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. 2013. Archived from the original on 28 November 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

unesco.org

unevoc.unesco.org

UNESCO-UNEVOC (18 November 2013). "Vocational Education in Finland". Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.

ich.unesco.org

"Sauna culture in Finland". UNESCO. Retrieved 18 December 2020.

unicef.org

data.unicef.org

"Trends in Under five Mortality Rate". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2025.

unsw.edu.au

sprc.unsw.edu.au

Uusitalo, Hannu (October 1996). "Economic Crisis and Social Policy in Finland in the 1990s" (PDF). Working Paper Series. SPRC Discussion Paper No. 70. ISSN 1037-2741. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2019.

uta.fi

tampub.uta.fi

Mononen, Juha (2 February 2009). "War or Peace for Finland? Neoclassical Realist Case Study of Finnish Foreign Policy in the Context of the Anti-Bolshevik Intervention in Russia 1918–1920". University of Tampere. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
Kimmo, Ketola et al. (2011). Uskonto suomalaisten elämässä Archived 16 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Tampereen yliopistopaino Oy . ISBN 978-951-44-8483-4

valtioneuvosto.fi

Finland and Nato Archived 25 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Finnish Government 3 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
"Valtioneuvosto päätti Uudenmaan ja Itä-Uudenmaan maakuntien yhdistämisestä" (in Finnish). Ministry of Finance. 22 October 2009. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
"Finland strengthens trade relations in increasingly important US market". Finnish Government. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.

verkkouutiset.fi

"SDP:n puheenjohtaja halusi punadiktaattoriksi, mutta kuoli Stalinin vankileirillä" Archived 28 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).

visitfinland.com

Coast and Archipelago Archived 26 April 2024 at the Wayback Machine Visit Finland. Retrieved 26 April 2024.

visithame.fi

"company". Visit Häme.

vnk.fi

Holmström, Bengt; Korkman, Sixten; Pohjola, Matti (21 February 2014). "The nature of Finland's economic crisis and the prerequisites for growth". VNK.fi. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
"Suomen hallintorakenteeseen ja maakuntauudistukseen liittyviä termejä sekä maakuntien ja kuntien nimet fi-sv-en-(ru)" (PDF). vnk.fi. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2019.

wan-ifra.org

"World Press Trends: Newspapers Still Reach More Than Internet". World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers. Archived from the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.

wearethemighty.com

"How the Finns stopped the Soviets with this polka song". 6 August 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

web.archive.org

The Soviet Russia's recognition of Finland's independence Dec. 1917 - Jan. 1918, archived from the original on 22 February 2024, retrieved 22 February 2024
"Finland". Central Intelligence Agency. 8 August 2023. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2021 – via CIA.gov.
"Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
"Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. p. 279. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
Ajanilmaukset Archived 20 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Kielikello 2/2006. Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 20 October 2017
"Språk i Finland" [Language in Finland]. Institute for the Languages of Finland (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
Li, Leslie (16 April 1989). "A Land of a Thousand Lakes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
Mansel, Lydia (15 November 2023). "15 Best Places to Visit in Finland, From the Sauna Capital of the World to Santa Claus Village". Travel + Leisure. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
"Finland". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
"Finland: World Audit Democracy Profile". WorldAudit.org. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013.
"Tertiary education graduation rates—Education: Key Tables from OECD". OECD iLibrary. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 14 June 2010. doi:10.1787/20755120-table1 (inactive 2 November 2024). Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
"Her er verdens mest konkurransedyktige land—Makro og politikk". E24.no. 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 14 October 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
"The 2009 Legatum Prosperity Index". Prosperity.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
"eläinpääase; karhunpäänuija". Museovirasto (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
Herkules.oulu.fi Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. People, material, culture and environment in the north. Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Archaeological Conference, University of Oulu, 18–23 August 2004 Edited by Vesa-Pekka Herva.
History of Finland and the Finnish People from stone age to WWII. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
Professor Frank Horn of the Northern Institute for Environmental and the Minority Law University of Lappland writing for Virtual Finland on National Minorities of Finland. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
"Finnish history". infoFinland.fi. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
"Ruttopuisto – Plague Park". Tabblo.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
"Archives of the Royal Academy of Turku and the Imperial Alexander University". Memory of the World Programme. UNESCO National Committee. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
"Finland and the Swedish Empire Archived 26 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine". Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
"Tracing Finland's eastern border". thisisFINLAND. 22 March 2011. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
"Pankinjohtaja Sinikka Salon puhe Snellman ja Suomen markka -näyttelyn avajaisissa Suomen Pankin rahamuseossa" (in Finnish). Bank of Finland. 10 January 2006. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
"Growth and Equity in Finland" (PDF). World Bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
The Finnish Civil War, Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
"Uudenvuodenaatto Pietarin Smolnassa – Itsenäisyyden tunnustus 31.12.1917" (in Finnish). Ulkoministeriö. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
Simbeteanu, Iulian. "«Reds» vs. «Whites»: The Finnish Civil War (January- May 1918)". Europe Centenary. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
"A Country Study: Finland—The Finnish Civil War". Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
"SDP:n puheenjohtaja halusi punadiktaattoriksi, mutta kuoli Stalinin vankileirillä" Archived 28 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
"Pääkirjoitus: Kansalaissota on arka muistettava" Archived 26 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
"Punaisten ja valkoisten perintöä vaalitaan yhä – Suomalaiset lähettivät yli 400 muistoa vuoden 1918 sisällissodasta" Archived 21 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
Mononen, Juha (2 February 2009). "War or Peace for Finland? Neoclassical Realist Case Study of Finnish Foreign Policy in the Context of the Anti-Bolshevik Intervention in Russia 1918–1920". University of Tampere. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
"Real bridge-builder became Finland's first female government minister – thisisFINLAND". thisisFINLAND. 29 September 2017. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
Myrskylä, Pekka (20 February 2007). "From slash-and-burn fields to post-industrial society—90 years of change in industrial structure". Statistics Finland. Finland 1917–2007. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
The secret pact that ushered in World War II and changed Europe Archived 2 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Share America, U.S. Department of State. 19 August 2022.
History.com (2009): USSR expelled from the League of Nations Archived 14 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine. A&E Television Networks.
Defensive victory led the way to peace Archived 2 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine Max Jakobson, Helsingin Sanomat, 3 September 2004.
Hidden help from across the Atlantic Archived 29 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Helsingin Sanomat.
"Population development in independent Finland—greying Baby Boomers". Statistics Finland. 5 December 2007. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024. Finland 1917–2007
Ford, Hal (August 1972). ESAU -LVI – FINLANDIZATION IN ACTION: HELSINKI'S EXPERIENCE WITH MOSCOW (PDF). DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
Uusitalo, Hannu (October 1996). "Economic Crisis and Social Policy in Finland in the 1990s" (PDF). Working Paper Series. SPRC Discussion Paper No. 70. ISSN 1037-2741. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
formin.finland.fi Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine; Suurlähettiläs Jaakko Blomberg: Kylmän sodan päättyminen, Suomi ja Viro – Ulkoasiainministeriö: Ajankohtaista. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
"TARJA HALONEN – President of Finland (2000–2012)". Council of Women World Leaders. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
Holmström, Bengt; Korkman, Sixten; Pohjola, Matti (21 February 2014). "The nature of Finland's economic crisis and the prerequisites for growth". VNK.fi. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
Virén, Matti; Vanhala, Juuso (30 June 2015). "Shortage of new firms jams labour market recovery". Bank of Finland Bulletin. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
"Poll suggests record-level support for Finnish President". Yle News. 7 September 2019. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
"MTV Uutisten kysely: Nato-jäsenyyden kannatus on noussut 30 prosenttiin, vastustus laskenut selvästi – "Turvallisempaa olisi lännen kanssa"". mtvuutiset.fi (in Finnish). 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
"MTV:n kysely: Nato-jäsenyyttä kannattaa 68 prosenttia suomalaisista – Venäjän vastatoimet huolestuttavat". mtvuutiset.fi (in Finnish). 11 April 2022. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
"Ukraine War: Finland to decide on Nato membership in weeks says PM Marin". BBC News. 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
Gramer, Robbie (22 April 2022). "'Thanks, Putin': Finnish and Swedish Lawmakers Aim for NATO Membership". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
Askew, Joshua (29 April 2022). "NATO chief says Finland and Sweden could join 'quickly' as both warm to membership". Euronews. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
"UK agrees mutual security deals with Finland and Sweden". BBC. 11 May 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022. The UK has agreed mutual security pacts with Sweden and Finland, agreeing to come to their aid should either nation come under attack. UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson visited both countries to sign the deals, amid debate about them joining Nato.
"Finland's leaders call for NATO membership 'without delay'". AP NEWS. 12 May 2022. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
"Finland's Parliament approves Nato application in historic vote". Yle News. 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
Finland and Nato Archived 25 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Finnish Government 3 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
"Statistics Finland, Environment and Natural Resources". Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
Coast and Archipelago Archived 26 April 2024 at the Wayback Machine Visit Finland. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
"Trends in sea level variability". Finnish Institute of Marine Research. 24 August 2004. Archived from the original on 27 February 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2007.
"Euroopan metsäisin maa". Luke (in Finnish). 2013. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
"Iconic Finnish nature symbols stand out". This is Finland. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
"Nutritional and genetic adaptation of galliform birds: implications for hand-rearing and restocking". Oulu University Library (2000). 17 May 2001. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
"BirdLife Finland". BirdLife International (2004) Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12). Archived from the original on 26 January 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2007.
"Saimaa Ringed Seal". Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
"Saimaa Ringed Seal". Nationalparks.fi. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"SOS: Save our seals". this is Finland (Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland). Archived from the original on 10 September 2015.
Corona, Hanna (30 August 2022). "Finland - Forests and Forestry". Boreal Forest. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
"Finland's climate". Finnish Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"The climate in Finland (finnish)". Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
Havas, Paavo. "Pohjoiset alueet / yleiskuvaus" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Finland's Northern Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities for Agriculture" (PDF). Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland. pp. 1–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Tervetuloa aluehallintoviraston verkkosivuille!" (in Finnish). State Provincial Office. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
"Suomen hallintorakenteeseen ja maakuntauudistukseen liittyviä termejä sekä maakuntien ja kuntien nimet fi-sv-en-(ru)" (PDF). vnk.fi. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
"Valtioneuvosto päätti Uudenmaan ja Itä-Uudenmaan maakuntien yhdistämisestä" (in Finnish). Ministry of Finance. 22 October 2009. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
"Kaupunkien ja kuntien lukumäärät ja väestötiedot" (in Finnish). Suomen Kuntaliitto – Association of Finnish Municipalities. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
"Wellbeing services counties will be responsible for organising health, social and rescue services on 1 January 2023". Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
"Constitution of Finland, 1999 (rev. 2011)". Constitute Project. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
"Finland's conservative party picks ministers for right-wing coalition government – The Seattle Times". www.seattletimes.com. 18 June 2023. Archived from the original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
"File:Intentional homicides, 2016 (police-recorded offences per 100 000 inhabitants).png". Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
Finnish constitution Archived 13 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Section 93.
"The Nobel Peace Prize 2008". The Nobel Foundation. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
"Finnish government approves indefinite entry restrictions for Russians". 6 July 2023. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
"Finland strengthens trade relations in increasingly important US market". Finnish Government. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
"Ennätysmäärä vapaaehtoisia naisia suoritti varusmiespalveluksen – kotiutuneita yli 1000 -". Puolustusvoimat (in Finnish). 30 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
"Finland to raise wartime strength to 280,000 troops". 17 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
"Suomella on järisyttävän suuri ja kadehdittu tykistö". Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
Chertok, Paula (11 April 2015). "Finland - Sparta of the North". Euromaidan Press. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
Työvoimakustannukset puuttuvat puolustusmenoista Archived 12 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Statistics Finland (in Finnish): Eurostat ranking is sixth, but the third when conscription is accounted.
"JEF cooperation". Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
"European Union battlegroups". Finnish Defence Forces. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
Chamberlain, Nigel (19 May 2014). "Is Finland taking a step closer to NATO membership" (PDF). NATO Watch. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Between the Government of the Republic of Finland and Headquarters, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation As Well As Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Regarding the Provision of Host Nation Support for the Execution of NATO: Operations / Exercises / Similar Military Activity (PDF) (Report). NATO. n.d. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2022 – via Parliament of Finland.
Finnish soldiers involved in 20-minute gunfight in Afghanistan |Yle Uutiset Archived 8 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. yle.fi. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
Finland's participation in NATO-led crisis management operations. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
Staalesen, Atle (18 December 2023). "New defence agreement: Finland invites American troops to bases in Lapland". The Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
Text from PD source: US Library of Congress: A Country Study: Finland Archived 14 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Library of Congress Call Number DL1012 .A74 1990.
"Perustuslaki: 2. luku Perusoikeudet, 6 § Yhdenvertaisuus 2 momentti" (in Finnish). Finlex. 1999. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
"Scores of the Democracy Ranking 2012". Global Democracy Ranking. 2012. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
"Freedom of the Press: Finland". Freedom House. 2013. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
"Statistics of the Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. 2013. Archived from the original on 28 November 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
"Annual Report 2013: Finland". Amnesty International. 2013. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012: Finland". U.S. State of Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
"Finland ranks 6th in European LGTBQ+ rights comparison". Helsinki Times. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
"Finland in Figures—National Accounts". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
"Finland in Figures—Manufacturing". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
"Key economic indicators of Finland". statista.com. 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
"Supplying more than 100 valves to the largest gold mine in Europe". AVK International. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
Chen, Jackson (27 October 2023). "Agnico operating permit restored for Kittila mine in Finland". Mining.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
"Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
"Suomalaisten tulot Euroopan keskitasoa. Hyvinvointipalvelut eivät paranna sijoitusta". Tilastokeskus.fi. 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
"Small enterprises grow faster than the big ones". Helsinkitimes.fi. 11 April 2008. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
Mikkonen, Antti (17 May 2013). "Sata suurinta työnantajaa: Nokia jäi kakkoseksi". Talouselämä. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
"Tilastokeskus: Työllisyysasteen trendiluku heinäkuussa 73,7 prosenttia". 23 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
"Finland in Figures" (PDF). Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"Housing in Finland". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
"Finland in Figures 2023 – key figures about us". Statistics Finland. 1 June 2023. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
"Finland: Globalization Insurance: Finland's Leap of Caution". Cooperatives Build a Better Maine. Cooperative Maine Business Alliance & Cooperative Development Institute. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
"Joko nyt? Olkiluodon ydinvoimalan viimeinen testi maalissa – maanantaista odotetaan suurta päivää". MTVuutiset.fi (in Finnish). STT. 13 April 2023. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Energia" (in Finnish). Tilastokeskus. 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Share of energy from renewable sources". Eurostat. 5 April 2023. NRG_IND_REN. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
Autio, Antti (4 April 2021). "'Suomi pärjää ilman Venäjän sähköä' – omavaraisuus saavutetaan kahdessa vuodessa, arvioi Fingrid". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). STT, Antti. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
International Energy Agency (12 May 2022). "Oil Stocks of IEA Countries". Paris: IEA. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
"Journey deep into the Finnish caverns where nuclear waste will be buried for millennia". Wired. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
"Top Gear: Finland's Busiest Roads Revealed". News Now Finland. 19 March 2018. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
"Airport operations" (PDF). Annual report 2008. Vantaa: Finavia. 17 March 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
"Tulihevonen saapui ensi kerran Hämeenlinnaan 150 vuotta sitten" [The "fire horse" arrived first time in Hämeenlinna 150 years ago]. Yle Häme (in Finnish). Yle. 31 January 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
"The Busiest Crossing". Discover the Baltic. 24 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 March 2010.
"Oasis of the Seas: Fast Facts" (PDF). OasisoftheSeas.com. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
"Freedom of the Seas Fact Sheet – Royal Caribbean Press Center". royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
"Europe :: Finland – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
The Nordic Model Archived 5 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine by Torben M. Andersen, Bengt Holmström, Seppo Honkapohja, Sixten Korkman, Hans Tson Söderström, Juhana Vartiainen
"Finland economy". The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"Finland drops further in global competitiveness ranking". yle.fi. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"The Global Competitiveness Report 2019" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 – Results". Transparency.org. Archived from the original on 29 November 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
"Ranking of economies – Doing Business – World Bank Group". doingbusiness.org. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
Matkailutilinpito: Matkailun talous- ja työllisyysvaikutukset 2016–2017 (PDF) (Report) (in Finnish). Business Finland, Visit Finland. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment. "Finnish tourism in numbers". Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
Tourism as Export Infographic 2019 (PDF) (Report). Business Finland, Visit Finland. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
"The Real Home of Santa Claus in Finland". Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
"Santa Claus Reindeer rides & excursions in Rovaniemi Lapland Finland". Santa Claus Village Rovaniemi Finland. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"Discover the winter magic with Huskies and Reindeers". yllas.fi. 14 June 2023. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"Top 6 Theme Parks And Amusement Parks in Finland". Trip101. 30 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"Home – Savonlinna Opera Festival". Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
"5 Finnish cities that deserve a tourist visit". Foreigner.fi. 23 June 2019. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
"Immigration record high in Finland in 2023". Statistics Finland. 25 January 2024. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
Roser, Max (2014). "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries". Our World in Data, Gapminder Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
Kirkkonummen Sanomat: Nurmijärvi – ilmiö voimistui heinäkuussa – Kirkkonummella väkiluvun kasvu 1,2 % Archived 30 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
"Child born in Finland". Finnish Immigration Service. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
"Finnish Directorate of Immigration". 10 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011.
"Finland - World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples". 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
Seelinger, Lani (16 June 2015). "The 10 Most Beautiful Towns in Finland". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
"Twice a minority: foreign immigration to Swedish-speaking communities in Finland". helsinkitimes.fi. 12 December 2020. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
"Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Kristinestad". helsinkitimes.fi. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
"Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Jakobstad". helsinkitimes.fi. 8 January 2015. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
"Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Nykarleby". helsinkitimes.fi. 4 December 2014. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
"Swedish language courses for foreigners in Åland | Nordic cooperation". norden.org. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
"Europeans and their languages, the situation in 2005" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
Piippo, Mikael (12 December 2018). "Finlandssvenska ungdomar talar sällan finska – särskilt på nätet är finskan ovanlig". Hufvudstadsbladet. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
"Det svenska språket i Finland" (in Swedish). InfoFinland. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
"Romanit ovat etninen vähemmistö | Näin se näkyy meillä". Romanit.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
"Forskningscentralen för de inhemska språken—Teckenspråken i Finland" (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 18 March 2015.
"National Minorities of Finland, The Tatars". Forum.hunturk.net. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
"Saamelaisten määrä Sisä-Suomessa". bárbmu ry/rs (in Finnish). 30 July 2017. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
"The population of Finland in 2006". Statistics Finland. 31 December 2006. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
"The Constitution of Finland, 17 § and 121 §" (PDF). FINLEX Data Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
Yang, Junyi (Spring 2018). Teachers' Role in Developing Healthy Self-esteem in Young Learners: A study of English language teachers in Finland (PDF) (Master's Degree Program in Early Language Education for Intercultural Communication thesis). University of Eastern Finland. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
Öhberg, Tony. "Finland Places Among the Top Four English-Speaking Countries in the World". Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
"Finland ranks sixth in English skills, early instruction crucial". Yle Uutiset. 12 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
Nuolijärvi, Pirkko (Fall 2011). Language education policy and practice in Finland (PDF). European Federation of National Institutions for Language. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
Jäsentilasto 2024 Archived 29 April 2024 at the Wayback Machine Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
Eroakirkosta.fi – Kirkosta eronnut tänä vuonna 40 000 ihmistä Archived 31 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
Karjalainen – Kastettujen määrä romahtanut – kirkollisista ristiäisistä luopuu yhä useampi Archived 16 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine 13 June 2016 (in Finnish).
Population structure Archived 18 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Statistics Finland
"Muslim Population Growth in Europe". pewforum.org. 29 November 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
Korpela, Salla (May 2005). "The Church in Finland today". Finland Promotion Board; Produced by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Department for Communications and Culture. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
Lutheran church member statistics (2016) Archived 15 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine evl.fi
Church statistical yesrbook 2012 Archived 20 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
Church Attendance Falls; Religion Seen as Private Archived 18 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine 3 June 2012 YLE
"International Religious Freedom Report 2004". U.S. Department of State. 15 September 2004. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2007.
"Special Eurobarometer Biotechnology" (PDF) (Fieldwork: January–February 2010 ed.). October 2010. p. 204. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
Kimmo, Ketola et al. (2011). Uskonto suomalaisten elämässä Archived 16 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Tampereen yliopistopaino Oy . ISBN 978-951-44-8483-4
"Population and society". stat.fi. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
"Trends in Under five Mortality Rate". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
Birth rate fell to the lowest level in statistical history in 2023 Archived 28 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Stat.fi (14 April 2015). Retrieved 28 March 2025.
Lawn, Joy E.; Blencowe, Hannah; Pattinson, Robert; Cousens, Simon; Kumar, Rajesh; Ibiebele, Ibinabo; Gardosi, Jason; Day, Louise T.; Stanton, Cynthia (2011). "Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count?". The Lancet. 377 (9775): 1448–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62187-3. hdl:2263/16343. PMID 21496911. S2CID 14278260. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
"Health care in Finland" (PDF). STM. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
"Eurostat: Falling suicide rate in Finland nears European average". YLE. 26 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
"GHO | By category | Suicide rate estimates, age-standardized – Estimates by country". WHO. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
"Health (2004)". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2007.
"World Happiness report". 2012. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
"World Happiness Report 2017". 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
"World Happiness Report 2016 | Volume I (page 22)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
"World Happiness Report 2012 (page 30)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
"World Happiness Report 2018". 14 March 2018. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
"World Happiness Report 2024: Most comprehensive picture yet of happiness across generations". 20 March 2024. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
"World's Greatest Places: Helsinki Central Library Oodi". Time. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
"Summary sheets on education systems in Europe" (PDF). Eurydice.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
UNESCO-UNEVOC (18 November 2013). "Vocational Education in Finland". Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
"List of University in Finland". scholarshipsineurope.com. July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
"Universities of Applied Sciences in Finland". studyinfinland.fi. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
"Top University Ranking of 2025: University of Helsinki". Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"The top 9 best universities in Finland: 2021 rankings". study.eu. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
World Economic Forum. "The Global Competitiveness Report 2019" (PDF). p. 236. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"Tilastokeskus.fi". Tilastokeskus.fi. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
Sauter, Michael B. (24 September 2012) The Most Educated Countries in the World Archived 20 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
Sipilä, Kari. "A country that innovates". Virtual Finland. Ministry for Foreign Affairs / Department for Communication and Culture / Unit for Promotion and Publications / Embassy and Consulates General of Finland in China. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011.
"Scientific publication—Finnish science and technology Information Service" (in Finnish). Research.fi. 15 November 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
"Patents with numbers—Finnish science and technology Information Service" (in Finnish). Research.fi. 8 December 2009. Archived from the original on 11 October 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Finnish post honours Moomin creator Jansson Archived 25 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine – YLE News
"Finland's Tove Jansson and the Moomin story". thisisFINLAND. 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
"Tom of Finland stamps on sale Monday; Finland's biggest seller ever". Yle Uutiset. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
"Kaija Saariaho voted greatest living composer by BBC Music Magazine". Music Finland. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
C.G. (11 October 2017). "Explaining the Finnish love of tango". The Economist. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
"How the Finns stopped the Soviets with this polka song". 6 August 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"Finnish jenkka song took over Japan's department stores". Music Finland. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
Shah, Neil (15 April 2012). "Guns N' Roses Can Agree on at Least One Thing: This Finnish Saxophonist Rocks". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
"Finnish metropolises vie to win Capital of Metal". thisisFINLAND. 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
Campaigns, Famous. "Finland stage world's first heavy metal knitting championship". Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
Lempinen, Marko (11 July 2019). "Suomalainen musiikki jyrää, mutta mihin katosivat kotimaiset bändit? Toni Wirtanen lataa tiskiin rajun näkemyksen: 'Pienen porukan varassa ollaan'". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Don't mess with Finnish jazz". thisisFINLAND. 9 September 2014. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
"Hiphop Suomessa". BoomBox (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Eurovision 2006 Results: Voting & Points". Eurovisionworld. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
"Eurovision 2023 Results: Voting & Points". Eurovisionworld. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
"Eurovision Official Chart Record! Why 2023 is contest's biggest year yet". www.officialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
YLE: Syke, Sorjonen ja Suomi Love myyvät maailmalla, mutta Presidentti ei maistunut kriitikoille Archived 28 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
"List of Winners – Golden Globes Best Foreign Film". Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
Fauth, Jurgen. "The Man Without a Past". About.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
"The Fencer". goldenglobes.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
"Finnish Independence Day: Galas, protests and war memories". Yle Uutiset. 6 December 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
Larsen, Mads (January 2020). "Agreeing on History Adaptation as Restorative Truth in Finnish Reconciliation, Mads Larsen, Literature Film Quarterly". lfq.salisbury.edu. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
Sundqvist, Janne (12 November 2012). "Kriitikot valitsivat kaikkien aikojen parhaan kotimaisen elokuvan" (in Finnish). Yle Uutiset. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
"LT ja JT tarkastustilasto 2019" [Circulation Statistics 2019] (PDF) (in Finnish). Media Audit Finland. 5 August 2020. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
"Media moves". ThisisFINLAND (Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland). Archived from the original on 1 May 2011.
2010 Freedom of the Press Survey Archived 5 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved 4 May 2011).
"World Press Trends: Newspapers Still Reach More Than Internet". World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers. Archived from the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
Helamaa, Erkki; Pentikäinen, Juha (November 2001). "Sauna – A Finnish national institution". Virtual Finland. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008.
"What was eaten in Finland in 2017". Luonnonvarakeskus. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
"Odd Facts about Finland". edunation.co. 19 September 2017. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
"Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura: Juhannuskokko". Finlit.fi. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
"Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura: Koivunoksia ja maitoruokia". Finlit.fi. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
"Leijonien MM-finaalista historian katsotuin jääkiekko-ottelu Suomessa!". MTV. 23 May 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
Jalkapallolla eniten harrastajia – se lyö lätkän, hiihto on alamäessä Archived 26 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Länsiväylä (28 February 2016). Retrieved 18 May 2016. (in Finnish).
"Fan power! Finn power! The tournament "begins" on a winning note for Dettman's team". FIBA.com. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
"Olympic Medals per Capita". medalspercapita.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2012.

weforum.org

www3.weforum.org

"The Global Competitiveness Report 2019" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
World Economic Forum. "The Global Competitiveness Report 2019" (PDF). p. 236. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2025.

who.int

apps.who.int

"GHO | By category | Suicide rate estimates, age-standardized – Estimates by country". WHO. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2020.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

Finnish: Suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] ^ⓘ; Swedish: Finland Swedish pronunciation: [ˈfinlɑnd]
Finnish: Suomen tasavalta; Swedish: Republiken Finland; listen to all^ⓘ

wikiwix.com

archive.wikiwix.com

Parliament of Finland. "History of the Finnish Parliament". eduskunta.fi. Archived from the original on 6 December 2015.

wipo.int

World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). "Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship". www.wipo.int. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 6 October 2024.

wired.co.uk

"Journey deep into the Finnish caverns where nuclear waste will be buried for millennia". Wired. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.

wired.com

Kelly, Gordon. "Finland and Nokia: an affair to remember". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

worldaudit.org

"Finland: World Audit Democracy Profile". WorldAudit.org. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013.

worldbank.org

siteresources.worldbank.org

"Growth and Equity in Finland" (PDF). World Bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2008.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

"Number of foreign-language speakers exceeded 600,000 during 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 4 April 2025. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
Nousiainen, Jaakko (June 2001). "From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland". Scandinavian Political Studies. 24 (2): 95–109. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00048. ISSN 0080-6757.
Uusitalo, Hannu (October 1996). "Economic Crisis and Social Policy in Finland in the 1990s" (PDF). Working Paper Series. SPRC Discussion Paper No. 70. ISSN 1037-2741. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
Kelly, Gordon. "Finland and Nokia: an affair to remember". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; et al. (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; et al. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
"Electricity price statistics - Statistics Explained". Eurostat. 13 April 2023. ISSN 2443-8219. Retrieved 18 April 2023.

worldhappiness.report

"World Happiness Report 2017". 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
"World Happiness Report 2018". 14 March 2018. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
"World Happiness Report 2024: Most comprehensive picture yet of happiness across generations". 20 March 2024. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.

wsj.com

Shah, Neil (15 April 2012). "Guns N' Roses Can Agree on at Least One Thing: This Finnish Saxophonist Rocks". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2012.

wwf.fi

"Saimaa Ringed Seal". Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.

yahoo.com

finance.yahoo.com

Sauter, Michael B. (24 September 2012) The Most Educated Countries in the World Archived 20 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 18 May 2016.

yale.edu

epi.yale.edu

"2024 Environmental Performance Index". Environmental Performance Index. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
"2024 Environmental Performance Index - Finland". Environmental Performance Index. Retrieved 15 October 2024.

yle.fi

"Punaisten ja valkoisten perintöä vaalitaan yhä – Suomalaiset lähettivät yli 400 muistoa vuoden 1918 sisällissodasta" Archived 21 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
"Poll suggests record-level support for Finnish President". Yle News. 7 September 2019. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
"Finland's Parliament approves Nato application in historic vote". Yle News. 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
Finnish soldiers involved in 20-minute gunfight in Afghanistan |Yle Uutiset Archived 8 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. yle.fi. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
"Tilastokeskus: Työllisyysasteen trendiluku heinäkuussa 73,7 prosenttia". 23 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
"Tulihevonen saapui ensi kerran Hämeenlinnaan 150 vuotta sitten" [The "fire horse" arrived first time in Hämeenlinna 150 years ago]. Yle Häme (in Finnish). Yle. 31 January 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
"Finland drops further in global competitiveness ranking". yle.fi. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"Finland ranks sixth in English skills, early instruction crucial". Yle Uutiset. 12 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
"Helsinki leads trend to bypass baptism". yle.fi. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
Church Attendance Falls; Religion Seen as Private Archived 18 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine 3 June 2012 YLE
"Eurostat: Falling suicide rate in Finland nears European average". YLE. 26 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
Finnish post honours Moomin creator Jansson Archived 25 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine – YLE News
"Tom of Finland stamps on sale Monday; Finland's biggest seller ever". Yle Uutiset. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
"YleX:n 100 suurta suomalaista konemusiikkibiisiä -listaus on nyt valmis – kolmen kärkeen Darude, Bomfunk MC's ja Slusnik Luna" (in Finnish). YleX. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
YLE: Syke, Sorjonen ja Suomi Love myyvät maailmalla, mutta Presidentti ei maistunut kriitikoille Archived 28 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish).
"Finnish Independence Day: Galas, protests and war memories". Yle Uutiset. 6 December 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
Sundqvist, Janne (12 November 2012). "Kriitikot valitsivat kaikkien aikojen parhaan kotimaisen elokuvan" (in Finnish). Yle Uutiset. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
"Finnish sauna culture steams up UNESCO Heritage List". YLE. 17 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
"The people have spoken - rye bread is the national food". 19 January 2017.
"Finland claims first-ever hockey gold at Beijing Olympics". Yle News. 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
"Pesäpallo otti sata vuotta sitten syntyaskelia". Yle (in Finnish). 14 November 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
Jalkapallo nousi arvostetuimmaksi urheilulajiksi |Yle Urheilu. yle.fi. Retrieved 18 May 2016.

yllas.fi

"Discover the winter magic with Huskies and Reindeers". yllas.fi. 14 June 2023. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.