Frizzell, Scott (Spring 2011). "Not Just a Matter of Black and White: The Nashville Riot of 1967". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 70 (1): 26–51. JSTOR42628733.
"Fisk University Master Plan"(PDF). Metro Government of Nashville and Davidson County. October 2008. Archived from the original(PDF) on February 1, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
"Fisk University", The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2002, accessed 3 Mar 2009. Quote: "When the American Missionary Association declined to assume the financial responsibility of the Jubilee Singers, Professor George L. White, Treasurer of the University, took the responsibility upon himself and started North in 1871 with his troupe. On April 12, 1873, the Jubilee Singers sailed for England where they sang before a fashionable audience in the presence of the Queen, who expressed her gratification at the performance."
Biographical note: Adam Knight Spence, Spence Family Collection, Fisk University Library, accessed 3 Mar 2009. Link via the Internet Archive, accessed 15 August 2013.
"Fisk University Master Plan"(PDF). Metro Government of Nashville and Davidson County. October 2008. Archived from the original(PDF) on February 1, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
