Founding Fathers of the United States (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Founding Fathers of the United States" in English language version.

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Horton, James O. (2004). "Alexander Hamilton: Slavery and Race in a Revolutionary Generation". New York Journal of American History. 91 (3): 1151–1152. doi:10.2307/3663046. JSTOR 3663046. Retrieved October 29, 2016.

allthingsliberty.com

Werther, Richard J. (October 24, 2017). "Analyzing the Founders: A Closer Look at the Signers of Four Founding Documents". Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved March 3, 2022.

amazon.com

Eric Foner, The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution (2020) excerpt
Ilan Wurman, The Second Founding: An Introduction to the Fourteenth Amendment ( 2020) excerpt
David Hackett Fischer, African Founders: How Enslaved People Expanded American Ideals (Simon and Schuster, 2022) pp 1–3.excerpt
David W. Blight, Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (Simon and Schuster, 2018) p. xv; winner of Pulitzer Prize; excerpt.
Trefousse, Hans Louis (1969). The Radical Republicans Lincoln's Vanguard for Racial Justice. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. vii–viii./ref> Paul Rego, Lyman Trumbull and the Second Founding of the United States (University Press of Kansas, 2022) pp. 1–2. excerpt.

americainclass.org

"Founders on the Defects of the Articles of Confederation 1780–1787: Letters (Excerpts)" (PDF). National Humanities Center. pp. 1–8. Retrieved October 31, 2022.

americanheritage.com

Silverman, E.H. (June 1958). "Painter of the Revolution". American Heritage. 9 (4). Archived from the original on September 12, 2023.

archive.org

Morris, 1973, p. 1 Morris, Richard B. (1973). Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0060904548.
Bernstein, 1987, pp. 6–7 Bernstein, Richard B. (1987). Are We to Be a Nation? The Making of the Constitution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674044753.
Bradford, 1994, pp. 129, 132 Bradford, Melvin Eustace (1994). Founding Fathers: Brief Lives of the Framers of the United States Constitution. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0700606566.
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 10, pp. 8–9 —— (1932). Dictionary of American biography. Vol. X.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Chernow, 2004, pp. 2, 4, 287 —— (2004). Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0143034759.
Chernow, 2010, pp. 429, 526 Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1594202667.
Dictionary of American Biography, 1932, v. 6, p. 595 —— (1932). Dictionary of American biography. Vol. VI.
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Encyclopædia Britannica, p. 12 Levy, Michael I., ed. (2010). The Founding Fathers. New York: Fall River Press (Encyclopædia Britannica). ISBN 978-1435123892.
Bernstein, 2009, pp. 6–7 —— (2011) [2009]. The Founding Fathers Reconsidered. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199832576.
Bernstein, 2009, pp. ix–x1 —— (2011) [2009]. The Founding Fathers Reconsidered. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199832576.
Bernstein, 1987, pp. 3–5 Bernstein, Richard B. (1987). Are We to Be a Nation? The Making of the Constitution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674044753.
Ellis, 2007, pp. 6–7 Ellis, Joseph J. (2007). American Creation. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0307267740.
Conany, 2015, p. ix Conant, Sean (2015). The Gettysburg Address: Perspectives on Lincoln's Greatest Speech. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190227456.
Morton, 2006, pp. 1, 316 Morton, Joseph (2006). Shapers of the Great Debate at the Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313330216.
Beeman, 2009, pp. xxi–xxiii, 25955 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Morton, 2006, p. 4 Morton, Joseph (2006). Shapers of the Great Debate at the Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313330216.
Bernstein, 2009, pp. 177–179 —— (2011) [2009]. The Founding Fathers Reconsidered. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199832576.
Wood, 2006, pp. 225–242. —— (2006). Revolutionary Characters: What Made the Founding Fathers Different. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1594200939.
Bernstein, 2009, p. 179 —— (2011) [2009]. The Founding Fathers Reconsidered. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199832576.
Campbell, 1969, pp. 130, 134 Campbell, Norine Dickson (1969). Patrick Henry: Patriot and Statesman. New York: Devin-Adair Co. ISBN 978-0815965015.
Kidd, 2011, pp. 81, 101, 177, 198, 216 Kidd, Thomas S. (2011). Patrick Henry: First Among Patriots. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465009282.
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 9, pp. 209–210 —— (1932). Dictionary of American biography. Vol. IX.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Chernow, 2004, p. 96 —— (2004). Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0143034759.
Dangerfield, 1960 Dangerfield, George (1960). Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New York, 1746–1813. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co.
Bernstein, 2009, pp. 126, 180 —— (2011) [2009]. The Founding Fathers Reconsidered. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199832576.
Lehrman, Lewis E. (2013). "Family Enmity: John Marshall and Thomas Jefferson". The American Founders. New York: Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. pp. 157–159. ISBN 978-0984-01785-0.
Unger, Harlow G. (2014). John Marshall: The Chief Justice Who Saved the Nation. Boston, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306-82220-9.
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 82, pp. 219–223 —— (1934). Dictionary of American biography. Vol. XIII.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Unger, 2009, pp. 2–3 Unger, Harlow (2009). James Monroe: The Last Founding Father. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306818080.
Cogliano, 2006, p. 241 Cogliano, Francis D. (2006). Thomas Jefferson: Reputation and Legacy. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813927336.
Kann, 1999, p. xi Kann, Mark E. (1999). The Gendering of American Politics: Founding Mothers, Founding Fathers, and Political Patriarchy. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 978-0275961121.
Bowman, 2005, pp. 22–25 Bowman, John Stewart (2005). The Founding Fathers: The Men Behind the Nation. North Deighton, Massachusetts: World Publications Group. ISBN 1572154365.
McCullough, 2001, pp. 96–97 McCullough, David G. (2001). John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0743218290.
Bernstein, 2009, pp. 51–179 —— (2011) [2009]. The Founding Fathers Reconsidered. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199832576.
McCullough, 2001, pp. 538–539 McCullough, David G. (2001). John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0743218290.
Cary, 1961, pp. viii, 19–20 Cary, John Henry (1961). Joseph Warren: Physician, Politician, Patriot. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Allen, 2002, p. 75 Allen, Steven W. (2002). Founding Fathers: Uncommon Heroes. Mesa, Arizona: Legal Awareness Series. ISBN 1879033763.
Bradford, 1994, pp. 21–25 Bradford, Melvin Eustace (1994). Founding Fathers: Brief Lives of the Framers of the United States Constitution. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0700606566.
Encyclopædia Britannica Levy, Michael I., ed. (2010). The Founding Fathers. New York: Fall River Press (Encyclopædia Britannica). ISBN 978-1435123892.
Kann, 1999, pp. xi–xii Kann, Mark E. (1999). The Gendering of American Politics: Founding Mothers, Founding Fathers, and Political Patriarchy. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 978-0275961121.
Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 166–167 Levy, Michael I., ed. (2010). The Founding Fathers. New York: Fall River Press (Encyclopædia Britannica). ISBN 978-1435123892.
Newman, Richard S. (2008). Freedom's Prophet: Bishop Richard Allen, the AME Church, and the Black Founding Fathers. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814-75826-7.
Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 172–173 Levy, Michael I., ed. (2010). The Founding Fathers. New York: Fall River Press (Encyclopædia Britannica). ISBN 978-1435123892.
Meany 1911, p. 1. Meany, William Barry (1911). Commodore John Barry, the father of the American navy: a survey of extraordinary episodes in his naval career. Harper & brothers, New York, London.
Deetz, 1996, pp. 138–140 Deetz, James F. (1996). In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life. New York: Anchor Books, Doubleday. ISBN 978-0385080316.
Chernow, 2004, pp. 301, 315, 318–319, 423, 464 —— (2004). Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0143034759.
Chernow, 2010, p. 363 Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1594202667.
"Principles and acts of the revolution in America". Baltimore, Printed and pub. for the editor, by W. O. Niles. 1822.
O'Brien, 1937, p. 13 O'Brien, Michael Joseph (1937). Hercules Mulligan, confidential correspondent of General Washington. New York: P.J. Kenedy & Sons.
Chernow, 2004, pp. 42, 73, 78 —— (2004). Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0143034759.
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 17, pp. 226–227 —— (1935). Dictionary of American biography. Vol. XVII.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Kendall, 2010, pp. 5–7 Kendall, Joshua C. (2010). The Forgotten Founding Father: Noah Webster's Obsession and the Creation of an American Culture. G. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 978-1101486542.
Jensen, 1968, pp. 59–61 Jensen, Merrill (1968). The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 1763–1776. New York: Oxford University Press.
Carp, 2010, p. 15 Carp, Benjamin L. (2010). Defiance of the Patriots: The Boston Tea Party and the Making of America. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300117059.
Carp, 2010, pp. 193–195 Carp, Benjamin L. (2010). Defiance of the Patriots: The Boston Tea Party and the Making of America. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300117059.
Carp, 2010, p. 143 Carp, Benjamin L. (2010). Defiance of the Patriots: The Boston Tea Party and the Making of America. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300117059.
Andrilk, 2012, pp. 98–99 Andrilk, Todd (2012). Reporting the Revolutionary War: Before It Was History, It Was News. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks. ISBN 978-1402269677.
Jensen, 1968, p. 461 Jensen, Merrill (1968). The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 1763–1776. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ammerman, 1974, p. 145 Ammerman, David (1974). In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 978-0813905259.
Burnett, 1941, pp. ix, 197 Burnett, Edmund Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Jensen, 1968, p. 490 Jensen, Merrill (1968). The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 1763–1776. New York: Oxford University Press.
Campbell, 1969, p. 110 Campbell, Norine Dickson (1969). Patrick Henry: Patriot and Statesman. New York: Devin-Adair Co. ISBN 978-0815965015.
Scaife, 1921, p. 9 Scaife, Lauriston L. (1921). Milton and the Suffolk resolves. Milton Historical Society.
Maier, 1998, p. 3 Maier, Pauline (1998). American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0307791955.
Perry, 1959, pp. xix, 285 Perry, Richard L. (1959). Sources of our liberties; documentary origins of individual liberties in the United States Constitution and Bill of rights. Chicago: American Bar Foundation.
Ammerman, 1974, pp. 83–84 Ammerman, David (1974). In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 978-0813905259.
Alexander, 2002, pp. 145–146 Alexander, John K. (2002). Samuel Adams: America's Revolutionary Politician. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0742521148.
Burnett, 1941, pp. 64–67 Burnett, Edmund Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Fowler, 1980, p. 189 Fowler, William M. (1980). The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0395276195.
Congress 1775, pp. 96–97 Congress, United States (1800). Journals of Congress: Containing Their Proceedings from September 5, 1774, to January 1, 1776. Philadelphia: Folwell's Press.
Burnett, 1941, pp. 66–67 Burnett, Edmund Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Burnett, 1941, pp. 71–72 Burnett, Edmund Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Congress 1775, p. 105 Congress, United States (1800). Journals of Congress: Containing Their Proceedings from September 5, 1774, to January 1, 1776. Philadelphia: Folwell's Press.
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Burnett, 1941, pp. 72–76 Burnett, Edmund Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Andrilk, 2012, p. 132 Andrilk, Todd (2012). Reporting the Revolutionary War: Before It Was History, It Was News. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks. ISBN 978-1402269677.
Chernow, 2010, pp. 185–187 Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1594202667.
Phillips, 2012, p. 11 Phillips, Kevin (2012). 1775: A Good Year for Revolution. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0670025121.
Morris, 1973, pp. 133–134 Morris, Richard B. (1973). Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0060904548.
Burnett, 1941, p. 86 Burnett, Edmund Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: The Macmillan Company.
McCullough, 2006, p. 10 —— (2006). 1776. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0743226712.
Maier, 1998, p. 25 Maier, Pauline (1998). American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0307791955.
Cogliano, 2006, p. 139 Cogliano, Francis D. (2006). Thomas Jefferson: Reputation and Legacy. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813927336.
Maier, 1998, p. 131 Maier, Pauline (1998). American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0307791955.
Ellis, 2007, p. 20 Ellis, Joseph J. (2007). American Creation. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0307267740.
Allen, 2002, p. 96 Allen, Steven W. (2002). Founding Fathers: Uncommon Heroes. Mesa, Arizona: Legal Awareness Series. ISBN 1879033763.
Allen, 2002, p. 60 Allen, Steven W. (2002). Founding Fathers: Uncommon Heroes. Mesa, Arizona: Legal Awareness Series. ISBN 1879033763.
Allen, 2002, p. 233 Allen, Steven W. (2002). Founding Fathers: Uncommon Heroes. Mesa, Arizona: Legal Awareness Series. ISBN 1879033763.
Friedenwald, 1904, pp. 123, 139 —— (1904). The Declaration of independence, an interpretation and an analysis. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Andrilk, 2012, p. 194 Andrilk, Todd (2012). Reporting the Revolutionary War: Before It Was History, It Was News. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks. ISBN 978-1402269677.
Chernow, 2010, pp. 352–353 Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1594202667.
Ferling, 2007, p. 29 Ferling, John (2007). Almost a Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199758470.
Ferling, 2007, p. 178 Ferling, John (2007). Almost a Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199758470.
Renehan, 2007, p. 2 Renehan, Edward (2007). The Treaty of Paris: The Precursor to a New Nation. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1438104300.
Chernow, 2010, p. 446 Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1594202667.
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Renehan, 2007, p. 28 Renehan, Edward (2007). The Treaty of Paris: The Precursor to a New Nation. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1438104300.
Ferling, 1986, p. 254 —— (1996). John Adams, A Life. New York: Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 978-0805045765.
Maier, 2010, pp. 11–12 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Jensen, 1964, pp. 31–33 —— (1964). The Making of the American Constitution. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand. ISBN 0442000758.
Jensen, 1950, p. 421 —— (1950). The New Nation 1781–1789. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Warren, 1928, p. 95 Warren, Charles (1928). The Making of the Constitution. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Adler, 2015, p. xi Adler, Bill (2015). America's Founding Fathers: Their Uncommon Wisdom and Wit. Lanham, Maryland; Boulder; New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Maier, 2010, p. 28 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Beeman, 2009, pp. 83–84 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Warren, 1928, pp. 134–136 Warren, Charles (1928). The Making of the Constitution. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Warren, 1928, pp. 141–142 Warren, Charles (1928). The Making of the Constitution. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Farrand, 1913, pp. 68–70 Farrand, Max (1913). The Framing of the Constitution of the United States. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300004458.
Warren, 1928, pp. 146–148 Warren, Charles (1928). The Making of the Constitution. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Jillson, 2016, pp. 41–43 —— (2016) [2009]. American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change (8th ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1317666790.
Beeman, 2009, pp. 160–16255 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Rakove, 2010, pp. 370–371 Rakove, Jack N. (2010). Revolutionaries: Inventing an American Nation. London: William Heinemann. ISBN 978-0434010578.
Warren, 1928, pp. 185–186 Warren, Charles (1928). The Making of the Constitution. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Jillson, 2016, p. 43 —— (2016) [2009]. American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change (8th ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1317666790.
Beeman, 2009, p. 55 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Van Doren, 1986, pp. 96–105 Van Doren, Carl (1986) [1st published 1948]. The Great Rehearsal: The Story of the Making and Ratifying of the Constitution of the United States. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0140089653.
Farrand, 1913, pp. 89–91 Farrand, Max (1913). The Framing of the Constitution of the United States. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300004458.
Maier, 2010, p. 42 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Bernstein, 1987, pp. 167–168 —— (2011) [2009]. The Founding Fathers Reconsidered. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199832576.
Beeman, 2009, pp. 218–220 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Maier, 2010, p. 35 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Beeman, 2009, pp. 362–363 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Farrand, 1913, p. 105 Farrand, Max (1913). The Framing of the Constitution of the United States. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300004458.
Warren, 1928, pp. 281–282, 810–812 Warren, Charles (1928). The Making of the Constitution. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Maier, 2010, p. 46 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Bernstein, 1987, p. 179 Bernstein, Richard B. (1987). Are We to Be a Nation? The Making of the Constitution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674044753.
Maier, 2010, p. 36 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Van Doren, 1986, p. 237 Van Doren, Carl (1986) [1st published 1948]. The Great Rehearsal: The Story of the Making and Ratifying of the Constitution of the United States. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0140089653.
Maier, 2010, p. 22 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Morton, 2006, p. 15 Morton, Joseph (2006). Shapers of the Great Debate at the Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313330216.
Beeman, 2009, pp. 294, 351 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Ellis, 2007, p. 160 Ellis, Joseph J. (2007). American Creation. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0307267740.
Maier, 2010, p. 122 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Warren, 1928, pp. 768, 819 Warren, Charles (1928). The Making of the Constitution. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Jillson, 2016, p. 50 —— (2016) [2009]. American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change (8th ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1317666790.
Morton, 2006, pp. 185–186 Morton, Joseph (2006). Shapers of the Great Debate at the Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313330216.
Campbell, 1969, p. 317 Campbell, Norine Dickson (1969). Patrick Henry: Patriot and Statesman. New York: Devin-Adair Co. ISBN 978-0815965015.
Beeman, 2009, p. 409 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Beeman, 2009, pp. 351, 442 Beeman, Richard R. (2009). Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1400065707.
Maier, 2010, pp. 314–316 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Warren, 1928, p. 820 Warren, Charles (1928). The Making of the Constitution. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Maier, 2010, pp. 458–459 —— (2010). Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684868547.
Bowman, 2005, p. 175 Bowman, John Stewart (2005). The Founding Fathers: The Men Behind the Nation. North Deighton, Massachusetts: World Publications Group. ISBN 1572154365.
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Jaffe, Irma B. (1975). John Trumbull, patriot-artist of the American Revolution. Boston: New York Graphic Society. ISBN 0-8212-0459-9. OCLC 1229525.

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