Franck–Hertz experiment (English Wikipedia)

Cohen, I. Bernard (1985). Revolution in Science. Belknap Press. pp. 427–428. ISBN 9780674767775. In 1912 a young Dane working in Rutherford's laboratory in Manchester proposed a revolutionary new model of the atom. ... What made Bohr's theory difficult to believe in was the idea of discrete and fixed states or orbits, with no intermediate states being possible.
Pais, Abraham (1982). Subtle is the Lord: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein. Oxford University Press. p. 381. ISBN 9780191524028. The energy E of a photon is the product of the Planck constant h and the ratio c/λ of the speed of light c and the wavelength λ.
In 1960, Franck explained that he and Hertz were unaware of Bohr's ideas when their two 1914 papers were presented. Franck gave his remarks as the epilogue to the film on the Franck–Hertz experiment from the Physical Science Study Committee (1960). The film is available online; see Byron L. Youtz (narrator); James Franck (epilogue); Jack Churchill (director) (1960). Franck-Hertz experiment (16 mm film). Educational Services. 25 minutes in. OCLC 4949442. Retrieved 2014-07-01.. A transcript of the epilogue was published shortly after the film was made; see Holton, Gerald (1961). "On the recent past of physics". American Journal of Physics. 61 (12): 805–810. Bibcode:1961AmJPh..29..805H. doi:10.1119/1.1937623.
Heilbron, John L. (1985). "Bohr's First Theories of the Atom". In French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. (eds.). Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 33–49. ISBN 9780674624160. OCLC 12051112.

books.google.com

Lemmerich, Jost (2011). Science and Conscience: The Life of James Franck. Translated by Ann Hentschel. Stanford University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 9780804779098. Then two papers by Franck and Hertz about measurements on vaporized mercury that were to enter their names on the rolls of the history of physics appeared in quick succession. The first paper was presented by Gustav Hertz at the German Physical Society's meeting on 24 April 1914, the second by James Franck on May 22. (p. 45) Translation of Aufrecht im Sturm der Zeit : der Physiker James Franck, 1882–1964. Verlag für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik. 2007. ISBN 9783928186834. OCLC 234125038.
Brandt, Siegmund (2008). "25. The Franck Hertz experiment (1914)". The harvest of a century: discoveries of modern physics in 100 episodes. Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 9780191580123.
Thornton, Stephen; Rex, Andrew (2012). Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers (4 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 154–156. ISBN 9781133103721.
Melissinos, Adrian Constantin; Napolitano, Jim (2003). "1.3 The Franck–Hertz Experiment". Experiments in Modern Physics. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 10–19. ISBN 9780124898516. This reference incorrectly suggests that Franck and Hertz were aware of the Bohr model when they published their experiments. Franck himself remarked on this in an interview late in his life; see Holton, Gerald (1961). "On the recent past of physics". American Journal of Physics. 61 (12): 805–810. Bibcode:1961AmJPh..29..805H. doi:10.1119/1.1937623.
Demtröder, Wolfgang (2010). "3.4.4 Franck–Hertz experiment". Atoms, Molecules and Photons: An Introduction to Atomic-, Molecular- and Quantum Physics. Springer. pp. 118–120. ISBN 9783642102981.
In their original experiment, Franck and Hertz used platinum for both the cathode and the grid. When different materials are used for the electrodes, there is an additional contribution to the kinetic energy beyond the externally applied voltage. See Thornton, Stephen; Rex, Andrew (2012). Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers (4 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 154–156. ISBN 9781133103721.
Kragh, Helge (2012). Niels Bohr and the Quantum Atom: The Bohr Model of Atomic Structure 1913-1925. Oxford University Press. p. 144. ISBN 9780191630460. Kragh quotes a sentence from one of Bohr's 1915 papers in which he discusses the 1914 papers by Franck and Hertz: "It seems that their experiment may possibly be consistent with the assumption that this voltage (4.9 V) corresponds only to the transition from the normal state to some other stationary state of the neutral atom."
Csele, Mark (2011). "2.6 The Franck–Hertz Experiment". Fundamentals of Light Sources and Lasers. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 31–36. ISBN 9780471675228.

doi.org

Heilbron, John L., and Thomas S. Kuhn. “The Genesis of the Bohr Atom.” Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, vol. 1, University of California Press, 1969, pp. vi–290, p. 244 doi:10.2307/27757291.
Melissinos, Adrian Constantin; Napolitano, Jim (2003). "1.3 The Franck–Hertz Experiment". Experiments in Modern Physics. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 10–19. ISBN 9780124898516. This reference incorrectly suggests that Franck and Hertz were aware of the Bohr model when they published their experiments. Franck himself remarked on this in an interview late in his life; see Holton, Gerald (1961). "On the recent past of physics". American Journal of Physics. 61 (12): 805–810. Bibcode:1961AmJPh..29..805H. doi:10.1119/1.1937623.
In 1960, Franck explained that he and Hertz were unaware of Bohr's ideas when their two 1914 papers were presented. Franck gave his remarks as the epilogue to the film on the Franck–Hertz experiment from the Physical Science Study Committee (1960). The film is available online; see Byron L. Youtz (narrator); James Franck (epilogue); Jack Churchill (director) (1960). Franck-Hertz experiment (16 mm film). Educational Services. 25 minutes in. OCLC 4949442. Retrieved 2014-07-01.. A transcript of the epilogue was published shortly after the film was made; see Holton, Gerald (1961). "On the recent past of physics". American Journal of Physics. 61 (12): 805–810. Bibcode:1961AmJPh..29..805H. doi:10.1119/1.1937623.

dpg-physik.de

Franck, J.; Hertz, G. (1914). "Über Zusammenstöße zwischen Elektronen und Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben" [On the collisions between electrons and molecules of mercury vapor and the ionization potential of the same] (PDF). Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft (in German). 16: 457–467. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-21. A translation of this paper is given in Boorse, Henry A.; Motz, Lloyd (1966). "46. The Quantum Theory is Tested". The World of the Atom. Vol. 1. Basic Books. pp. 766–778. OCLC 534667. In their initial papers, Franck and Hertz interpreted the 4.9 V potential associated with inelastic electron-mercury collisions as indicative of the ionization potential of mercury. The relationship to the Bohr model of atoms emerged somewhat later.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Melissinos, Adrian Constantin; Napolitano, Jim (2003). "1.3 The Franck–Hertz Experiment". Experiments in Modern Physics. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 10–19. ISBN 9780124898516. This reference incorrectly suggests that Franck and Hertz were aware of the Bohr model when they published their experiments. Franck himself remarked on this in an interview late in his life; see Holton, Gerald (1961). "On the recent past of physics". American Journal of Physics. 61 (12): 805–810. Bibcode:1961AmJPh..29..805H. doi:10.1119/1.1937623.
In 1960, Franck explained that he and Hertz were unaware of Bohr's ideas when their two 1914 papers were presented. Franck gave his remarks as the epilogue to the film on the Franck–Hertz experiment from the Physical Science Study Committee (1960). The film is available online; see Byron L. Youtz (narrator); James Franck (epilogue); Jack Churchill (director) (1960). Franck-Hertz experiment (16 mm film). Educational Services. 25 minutes in. OCLC 4949442. Retrieved 2014-07-01.. A transcript of the epilogue was published shortly after the film was made; see Holton, Gerald (1961). "On the recent past of physics". American Journal of Physics. 61 (12): 805–810. Bibcode:1961AmJPh..29..805H. doi:10.1119/1.1937623.

nasonline.org

Rice, Stuart A.; Jortner, Joshua (2010). "James Franck 1882–1964: A Biographical Memoir". National Academy of Sciences (US). p. 6. Our understanding of the world was transformed by the results of this experiment; it is arguably one of the most important foundations of the experimental verification of the quantum nature of matter.

nist.gov

boulder.nist.gov

Huber, Marcia L.; Laesecke, Arno; Friend, Daniel G. (April 2006). "The vapor pressure of mercury" (PDF). National Institute of Standards. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-24. Retrieved 2014-04-08. NISTIR 6643.

nobelprize.org

Oseen, C. W. (December 10, 1926). "Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 – Presentation Speech". The Nobel Foundation.

nuffieldfoundation.org

For converting electron volts to electron speeds, see "The speed of electrons". Practical Physics. Nuffield Foundation. Retrieved 2014-04-18.

web.archive.org

Franck, J.; Hertz, G. (1914). "Über Zusammenstöße zwischen Elektronen und Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben" [On the collisions between electrons and molecules of mercury vapor and the ionization potential of the same] (PDF). Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft (in German). 16: 457–467. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-21. A translation of this paper is given in Boorse, Henry A.; Motz, Lloyd (1966). "46. The Quantum Theory is Tested". The World of the Atom. Vol. 1. Basic Books. pp. 766–778. OCLC 534667. In their initial papers, Franck and Hertz interpreted the 4.9 V potential associated with inelastic electron-mercury collisions as indicative of the ionization potential of mercury. The relationship to the Bohr model of atoms emerged somewhat later.
Huber, Marcia L.; Laesecke, Arno; Friend, Daniel G. (April 2006). "The vapor pressure of mercury" (PDF). National Institute of Standards. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-24. Retrieved 2014-04-08. NISTIR 6643.

wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

Franck, J.; Hertz, G. (1914). "Über die Erregung der Quecksilberresonanzlinie 253,6 μμ durch Elektronenstöße" [On the excitation of mercury resonance lines at 253.6 nm by electron collisions]. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft (in German). 16: 512–517. The symbol μμ is an outdated, rare usage for a nanometre. This article was reprinted in Franck, James; Hertz, Gustav; Hermann, Armin [in German] (1967). Die Elektronenstoßversuche. München: E. Battenberg. OCLC 9956175.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Franck, J.; Hertz, G. (1914). "Über Zusammenstöße zwischen Elektronen und Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben" [On the collisions between electrons and molecules of mercury vapor and the ionization potential of the same] (PDF). Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft (in German). 16: 457–467. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-21. A translation of this paper is given in Boorse, Henry A.; Motz, Lloyd (1966). "46. The Quantum Theory is Tested". The World of the Atom. Vol. 1. Basic Books. pp. 766–778. OCLC 534667. In their initial papers, Franck and Hertz interpreted the 4.9 V potential associated with inelastic electron-mercury collisions as indicative of the ionization potential of mercury. The relationship to the Bohr model of atoms emerged somewhat later.
Lemmerich, Jost (2011). Science and Conscience: The Life of James Franck. Translated by Ann Hentschel. Stanford University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 9780804779098. Then two papers by Franck and Hertz about measurements on vaporized mercury that were to enter their names on the rolls of the history of physics appeared in quick succession. The first paper was presented by Gustav Hertz at the German Physical Society's meeting on 24 April 1914, the second by James Franck on May 22. (p. 45) Translation of Aufrecht im Sturm der Zeit : der Physiker James Franck, 1882–1964. Verlag für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik. 2007. ISBN 9783928186834. OCLC 234125038.
Franck, J.; Hertz, G. (1914). "Über die Erregung der Quecksilberresonanzlinie 253,6 μμ durch Elektronenstöße" [On the excitation of mercury resonance lines at 253.6 nm by electron collisions]. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft (in German). 16: 512–517. The symbol μμ is an outdated, rare usage for a nanometre. This article was reprinted in Franck, James; Hertz, Gustav; Hermann, Armin [in German] (1967). Die Elektronenstoßversuche. München: E. Battenberg. OCLC 9956175.
In 1960, Franck explained that he and Hertz were unaware of Bohr's ideas when their two 1914 papers were presented. Franck gave his remarks as the epilogue to the film on the Franck–Hertz experiment from the Physical Science Study Committee (1960). The film is available online; see Byron L. Youtz (narrator); James Franck (epilogue); Jack Churchill (director) (1960). Franck-Hertz experiment (16 mm film). Educational Services. 25 minutes in. OCLC 4949442. Retrieved 2014-07-01.. A transcript of the epilogue was published shortly after the film was made; see Holton, Gerald (1961). "On the recent past of physics". American Journal of Physics. 61 (12): 805–810. Bibcode:1961AmJPh..29..805H. doi:10.1119/1.1937623.
Heilbron, John L. (1985). "Bohr's First Theories of the Atom". In French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. (eds.). Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 33–49. ISBN 9780674624160. OCLC 12051112.