Fred Singer (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Fred Singer" in English language version.

Last modified: 02:30:21, 22 July 2026 (UTC)

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4131web.archive.org

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213books.google.com

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75heartland.org

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51independent.org

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11virginia.edu

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Singer, S. Fred (1949). "The density spectrum and latitude dependence of extensive cosmic ray air showers". American Doctoral Dissertations. Princeton University. Bibcode:1949PhDT........17S. OCLC 77665144.
Singer, S. F & Wentworth, R. C. (June 1957). "A method for the determination of the vertical ozone distribution from a satellite". J. Geophys. Res. 62 (2): 299–308. Bibcode:1957JGR....62..299S. doi:10.1029/JZ062i002p00299. ISSN 2156-2202. A detector looking down towards the earth will receive solar ultraviolet scattered by the atmosphere which has been attenuated both by scattering out and by ozone absorption.
Hobbs PV, Radke LF (May 1992). "Airborne studies of the smoke from the kuwait oil fires". Science. 256 (5059): 987–91. Bibcode:1992Sci...256..987H. doi:10.1126/science.256.5059.987. PMID 17795001. S2CID 43394877.
Michaels, P. J.; Singer, S. F.; Knappenberger, P. C. (May 27, 1994). "Analyzing Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Is There a Trend?". Science. 264 (5163): 1341–1342. Bibcode:1994Sci...264.1341M. doi:10.1126/science.264.5163.1341. PMID 17780851.

aip.org (Global: 2,273^rd place; English: 1,697^th place)

spiedl.aip.org

Long duration exposure facility (LDEF) interplanetary dust experiment (IDE) impact detector results^{[permanent dead link]}

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik M. (2010). Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. New York: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 9781596916104.
Oreskes, Naomi (2007). "The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: How Do We Know We're Not Wrong?". In DiMento, Joseph F. C.; Doughman, Pamela M. (eds.). Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren. The MIT Press. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-0-262-54193-0.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

The eight major investigations covered by secondary sources include: House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK); Independent Climate Change Review (UK); International Science Assessment Panel Archived May 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (UK); Pennsylvania State University first panel Archived September 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and second panel Archived January 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (US); United States Environmental Protection Agency (US); Department of Commerce (US); National Science Foundation (US)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

The eight major investigations covered by secondary sources include: House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK); Independent Climate Change Review (UK); International Science Assessment Panel Archived May 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (UK); Pennsylvania State University first panel Archived September 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and second panel Archived January 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (US); United States Environmental Protection Agency (US); Department of Commerce (US); National Science Foundation (US)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Scheuering, Rachel White, "S. Fred Singer," in Shapers of the Great Debate on Conservation: A Biographical Dictionary, Greenwood Press, 2004, p.115-127
1970, National Science Policy hearings, US House of Representatives
Parson, Edward A., and Dessler, Andrew E. The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate. Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 35–37.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Stern, Nicholas Herbert (2007). The Economics of Climate Change — The Stern Review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-70080-1. Retrieved February 19, 2014.

cbc.ca (Global: 110^th place; English: 65^th place)

"The Denial Machine". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 15, 2006. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. From the program The Fifth Estate; updated October 24, 2007. Video not archived. Also see Singer, S. Fred (February 11, 1996). "Anthology of 1995's Environmental Myths". Washington Times.
The eight major investigations covered by secondary sources include: House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK); Independent Climate Change Review (UK); International Science Assessment Panel Archived May 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (UK); Pennsylvania State University first panel Archived September 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and second panel Archived January 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (US); United States Environmental Protection Agency (US); Department of Commerce (US); National Science Foundation (US)

deccanherald.com (Global: 719^th place; English: 359^th place)

The eight major investigations covered by secondary sources include: House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK); Independent Climate Change Review (UK); International Science Assessment Panel Archived May 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (UK); Pennsylvania State University first panel Archived September 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and second panel Archived January 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (US); United States Environmental Protection Agency (US); Department of Commerce (US); National Science Foundation (US)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Dunlap, R. E.; Jacques, P. J. (2013). "Climate Change Denial Books and Conservative Think Tanks: Exploring the Connection". The American Behavioral Scientist. 57 (6): 699–731. doi:10.1177/0002764213477096. PMC 3787818. PMID 24098056.
Singer, S. F & Wentworth, R. C. (June 1957). "A method for the determination of the vertical ozone distribution from a satellite". J. Geophys. Res. 62 (2): 299–308. Bibcode:1957JGR....62..299S. doi:10.1029/JZ062i002p00299. ISSN 2156-2202. A detector looking down towards the earth will receive solar ultraviolet scattered by the atmosphere which has been attenuated both by scattering out and by ozone absorption.
Zerefos, Christos S.; Isaksen, Ivar S.A.; Ziomas, Ioannis, eds. (2000). Chemistry and Radiation Changes in the Ozone Layer. Nato Science Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences. Vol. 557. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 309. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4353-0. ISBN 978-0-7923-6513-6. ISSN 1389-2185. Recent studies have demonstrated a link between ozone changes caused by human activities and changing UV levels at the Earth's surface, as well as a link to climate through changes in radiative forcing and links to changes in chemical composition. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Hobbs PV, Radke LF (May 1992). "Airborne studies of the smoke from the kuwait oil fires". Science. 256 (5059): 987–91. Bibcode:1992Sci...256..987H. doi:10.1126/science.256.5059.987. PMID 17795001. S2CID 43394877.
Michaels, P. J.; Singer, S. F.; Knappenberger, P. C. (May 27, 1994). "Analyzing Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Is There a Trend?". Science. 264 (5163): 1341–1342. Bibcode:1994Sci...264.1341M. doi:10.1126/science.264.5163.1341. PMID 17780851.

foxnews.com (Global: 262^nd place; English: 171^st place)

McKelway, Doug (September 19, 2013). "New study says threat of man-made global warming greatly exaggerated". Fox News Channel. Retrieved March 16, 2014.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Gillis, Justin (June 15, 2015). "Naomi Oreskes, a Lightning Rod in a Changing Climate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2022.

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

abcnews.go.com

Harris, Dan et al. "Global Warming Denier: Fraud or 'Realist'?", ABC News, March 23, 2008; Singer, S. Fred. "Letter to ABC News from Dr. S. Fred Singer" Archived August 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, March 28, 2008, accessed May 16, 2010.

heartland.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dr. S. Fred Singer, R.I.P." The Heartland Institute. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
"S. Fred Singer (1924 - 2020)". The Heartland Institute. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
"S. FRED SINGER (1924 - 2020)". Heartland Institute. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
Harris, Dan et al. "Global Warming Denier: Fraud or 'Realist'?", ABC News, March 23, 2008; Singer, S. Fred. "Letter to ABC News from Dr. S. Fred Singer" Archived August 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, March 28, 2008, accessed May 16, 2010.
"Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). The Heartland Institute. September 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2014.

hoover.org (Global: 4,172^nd place; English: 3,994^th place)

media.hoover.org

Singer, S. Fred (2003). "The Revelle-Gore Story: Attempted Political Suppression of Science" (PDF). In Gough, Michael (ed.). Politicizing Science: The Alchemy of Policymaking. Hoover Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2007.

huffingtonpost.ca (Global: 3,420^th place; English: 2,336^th place)

Suzuki, David (September 25, 2013). "Climate Change Deniers Don't Deserve an Equal Voice". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 14, 2014.

independent.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Denial Machine". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 15, 2006. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. From the program The Fifth Estate; updated October 24, 2007. Video not archived. Also see Singer, S. Fred (February 11, 1996). "Anthology of 1995's Environmental Myths". Washington Times.

insideclimatenews.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Leaked Email Reveals Who's Who List of Climate Denialists. Bagley, Katherine. Inside Climate News, March 12, 2015

ipcc.ch (Global: 1,841^st place; English: 1,511^th place)

"CLIMATE CHANGE 2014: Synthesis Report. Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2015. The evidence for human influence on the climate system has grown since the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). It is extremely likely that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas concentrations and other anthropogenic forcings together

mediamatters.org (Global: 6,915^th place; English: 3,831^st place)

McKelway, Doug (September 18, 2013). "Fox Equates Faux UN Climate Report With The Real Thing". Media Matters for America. Retrieved March 16, 2014.

motherjones.com (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,157^th place)

"Put a Tiger In Your Think Tank". Mother Jones. May 2005. Retrieved October 20, 2015.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

mars.jpl.nasa.gov

Mars Exploration Program: Mariner 8 & 9

news.google.com (Global: 67^th place; English: 32^nd place)

"Scientist Urges U.S. Seizure of a Martian Moon", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 27, 1969, p2

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

Begley, Sharon. "The Truth About Denial", Newsweek, August 13, 2007.
Samuelson, Robert. "Greenhouse Simplicities", Newsweek, August 20–27, 2007.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dunlap, R. E.; Jacques, P. J. (2013). "Climate Change Denial Books and Conservative Think Tanks: Exploring the Connection". The American Behavioral Scientist. 57 (6): 699–731. doi:10.1177/0002764213477096. PMC 3787818. PMID 24098056.
Hobbs PV, Radke LF (May 1992). "Airborne studies of the smoke from the kuwait oil fires". Science. 256 (5059): 987–91. Bibcode:1992Sci...256..987H. doi:10.1126/science.256.5059.987. PMID 17795001. S2CID 43394877.
Michaels, P. J.; Singer, S. F.; Knappenberger, P. C. (May 27, 1994). "Analyzing Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Is There a Trend?". Science. 264 (5163): 1341–1342. Bibcode:1994Sci...264.1341M. doi:10.1126/science.264.5163.1341. PMID 17780851.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dunlap, R. E.; Jacques, P. J. (2013). "Climate Change Denial Books and Conservative Think Tanks: Exploring the Connection". The American Behavioral Scientist. 57 (6): 699–731. doi:10.1177/0002764213477096. PMC 3787818. PMID 24098056.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

Schwartz, John (April 11, 2020). "S. Fred Singer, a Leading Climate Change Contrarian, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
Gillis, Justin (June 15, 2015). "Naomi Oreskes, a Lightning Rod in a Changing Climate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2022.
For an early article of Singer's on this issue, see Singer, S. Fred. "On Not Flying Into a Greenhouse Frenzy", The New York Times, November 16, 1989.
Also see Revkin, Andrew. "Skeptics Dispute Climate Worries and Each Other", The New York Times, March 8, 2009.
Hillaby, John. "Astronauts soar in eyes of science", The New York Times, August 3, 1953.
The New York Times. "Physicist to Help U.S. Speed Weather Satellite System", July 6, 1962.
Schumach, Murray. "Planet Scientists Collide, Break Up", The New York Times, December 3, 1956.
S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
- For his Junior Chamber of Commerce award, see The New York Times. "10 Young Men Cited by Junior Chamber", January 5, 1960; and "TOYA Part Honorees" Archived June 13, 2010, at the
- Osmundsen, John A. "Scientist 'looks' 40,000 miles out", The New York Times, January 30, 1960.
- Sullivan, Walter. "World's Space Scientists Take Look at the Future", The New York Times, May 19, 1966.
  - S. Fred Singer. "A Manned Mission to the Mysterious Moons of Mars" Archived April 15, 2007, at the
  - Terte, Robert H. "A Dean for Earth and Space", The New York Times, March 15, 1964.
  - The eight major investigations covered by secondary sources include: House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK); Independent Climate Change Review (UK); International Science Assessment Panel Archived May 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (UK); Pennsylvania State University first panel Archived September 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and second panel Archived January 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (US); United States Environmental Protection Agency (US); Department of Commerce (US); National Science Foundation (US)
  select.nytimes.com
  - Plumb, Robert K. "Scientists' Calculations Indicate Shell of Dust Surrounding Earth", The New York Times, December 28, 1960.
  - Sullivan, Walter. "Scientists Trace Birth of Universe With Light Waves", The New York Times, December 20, 1965.
  archive.nytimes.com
  - Gillis, Justin (July 8, 2010). "British Panel Clears Climate Scientists". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2025.

odlt.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Singer, S. Fred (ed.). "Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate"^{[permanent dead link]}, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, March 2, 2008, accessed May 17, 2010.

osd.mil (Global: 5,880^th place; English: 4,017^th place)

gulflink.osd.mil

"Environmental Exposure Report: Oil Well Fires". U.S. Department of Defense. August 2, 2000. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2014.

philsoc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sullivan, Walter. "World's Space Scientists Take Look at the Future", The New York Times, May 19, 1966.
- S. Fred Singer. "A Manned Mission to the Mysterious Moons of Mars" Archived April 15, 2007, at the

pqarchiver.com (Global: 846^th place; English: 502^nd place)

pqasb.pqarchiver.com

"How Dangerous Is Global Warming?". Los Angeles Times. June 17, 2001. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved April 14, 2007.

sciencemag.org (Global: 1,019^th place; English: 4,951^st place)

news.sciencemag.org

The eight major investigations covered by secondary sources include: House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK); Independent Climate Change Review (UK); International Science Assessment Panel Archived May 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (UK); Pennsylvania State University first panel Archived September 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and second panel Archived January 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (US); United States Environmental Protection Agency (US); Department of Commerce (US); National Science Foundation (US)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

Biello, David and Pavlus, John. "Even Skeptics Admit Global Warming is Real", Scientific American, March 18, 2008.

sema4.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Andrew Kelleher, "Phobos: the odd moon of Mars", in Alienation News #211 Nov 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2010.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Hobbs PV, Radke LF (May 1992). "Airborne studies of the smoke from the kuwait oil fires". Science. 256 (5059): 987–91. Bibcode:1992Sci...256..987H. doi:10.1126/science.256.5059.987. PMID 17795001. S2CID 43394877.

sepp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Singer, S. Fred. "Ozone, Skin Cancer, and the SST" Archived February 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, July 1994, accessed May 18, 2010.
Singer, S. Fred. "The hole truth about CFCs" Archived February 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, March 21, 1994, accessed May 18, 2010.
- Singer, S. Fred. "Five Scientific Questions On The CFC-Ozone Issue" Archived June 13, 2008, at the
- Levy, Lillian. Space, Its Impact on Man and Society. Ayer Publishing 1973, p. xiii for general background.
  - S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived March 10, 2010, at the
  - S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
    - For material about his supervisor and thesis committee, see Misner, Charles W. "John Archibald Wheeler and the recertification of General Relativity as True Physics"^{[permanent dead link]}
    - Current biography yearbook, Volume 10, H. W. Wilson Company, 1956; S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 15, 2010.
    - S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
      - For his Junior Chamber of Commerce award, see The New York Times. "10 Young Men Cited by Junior Chamber", January 5, 1960; and "TOYA Part Honorees" Archived June 13, 2010, at the
      - S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Professional background Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010.
      - "S. Fred Singer Ph.D." Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Scientific & Environmental Protection Project, accessed May 18, 2010.
      - Singer, Fred. "Letter to Science: Changes in the Climate Change Report", Science & Environmental Policy Project, July 3, 1996, accessed October 30, 2010. Archived on October 30, 2010.

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

siris-archives.si.edu

S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
- For material about his supervisor and thesis committee, see Misner, Charles W. "John Archibald Wheeler and the recertification of General Relativity as True Physics"^{[permanent dead link]}
- S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
  - For his Junior Chamber of Commerce award, see The New York Times. "10 Young Men Cited by Junior Chamber", January 5, 1960; and "TOYA Part Honorees" Archived June 13, 2010, at the
  nasm.si.edu
  - "Satellite, MOUSE, Concept Model" Archived April 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, accessed May 15, 2010; for a diagram of the MOUSE and Baltimore News Post reference, see Diagram of MOUSE satellite, Corbis Images, accessed May 16, 2010.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

Zerefos, Christos S.; Isaksen, Ivar S.A.; Ziomas, Ioannis, eds. (2000). Chemistry and Radiation Changes in the Ozone Layer. Nato Science Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences. Vol. 557. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 309. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4353-0. ISBN 978-0-7923-6513-6. ISSN 1389-2185. Recent studies have demonstrated a link between ozone changes caused by human activities and changing UV levels at the Earth's surface, as well as a link to climate through changes in radiative forcing and links to changes in chemical composition. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Louise Gray (November 18, 2009). "Fred Singer to speak at climate change sceptics conference". Telegraph Media Group. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2019.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Gibson, Owen and Adam, David. "Watchdog's verdict on Channel 4 climate film angers scientists", The Guardian, July 22, 2008.

tobaccodocuments.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Singer, S. Fred and Jeffreys, Kent. "The EPA and the Science of Environmental Tobacco Smoke", courtesy of the University of California, San Francisco, see page 18 for the authors, undated, accessed May 18, 2010. A prepublication draft of the report was archived in the files of Walter Woodson, Vice President-Public Affairs of the Tobacco Institute: scan Archived March 29, 2013, at the

ucsf.edu (Global: 6,216^th place; English: 3,860^th place)

legacy.library.ucsf.edu

Singer, S. Fred and Jeffreys, Kent. "The EPA and the Science of Environmental Tobacco Smoke", courtesy of the University of California, San Francisco, see page 18 for the authors, undated, accessed May 18, 2010. A prepublication draft of the report was archived in the files of Walter Woodson, Vice President-Public Affairs of the Tobacco Institute: scan Archived March 29, 2013, at the

umd.edu (Global: 1,356^th place; English: 1,172^nd place)

lib.umd.edu

S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
- For material about his supervisor and thesis committee, see Misner, Charles W. "John Archibald Wheeler and the recertification of General Relativity as True Physics"^{[permanent dead link]}

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

Brown, Seth (June 1, 2010). "'Merchants of Doubt' delves into contrarian scientists". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 1, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2023.

usjaycees.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
- For his Junior Chamber of Commerce award, see The New York Times. "10 Young Men Cited by Junior Chamber", January 5, 1960; and "TOYA Part Honorees" Archived June 13, 2010, at the

virginia.edu (Global: 1,203^rd place; English: 734^th place)

"Retired faculty" Archived September 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, University of Virginia, accessed December 28, 2010.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Retired faculty" Archived September 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, University of Virginia, accessed December 28, 2010.
Singer, S. Fred. "Ozone, Skin Cancer, and the SST" Archived February 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, July 1994, accessed May 18, 2010.
Singer, S. Fred. "The hole truth about CFCs" Archived February 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, March 21, 1994, accessed May 18, 2010.
- Singer, S. Fred. "Five Scientific Questions On The CFC-Ozone Issue" Archived June 13, 2008, at the
- "S. Fred Singer, Ph.D." Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Astrophysics: Capturing a Moon and Other Diversions", Time magazine, February 21, 1969, p. 2.
- Levy, Lillian. Space, Its Impact on Man and Society. Ayer Publishing 1973, p. xiii for general background.
  - S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived March 10, 2010, at the
  - "The Denial Machine". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 15, 2006. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. From the program The Fifth Estate; updated October 24, 2007. Video not archived. Also see Singer, S. Fred (February 11, 1996). "Anthology of 1995's Environmental Myths". Washington Times.
  - Louise Gray (November 18, 2009). "Fred Singer to speak at climate change sceptics conference". Telegraph Media Group. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  - Singer, S. Fred (2003). "The Revelle-Gore Story: Attempted Political Suppression of Science" (PDF). In Gough, Michael (ed.). Politicizing Science: The Alchemy of Policymaking. Hoover Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2007.
  - S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
    - For material about his supervisor and thesis committee, see Misner, Charles W. "John Archibald Wheeler and the recertification of General Relativity as True Physics"^{[permanent dead link]}
    - Current biography yearbook, Volume 10, H. W. Wilson Company, 1956; S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 15, 2010.
    - "Satellite, MOUSE, Concept Model" Archived April 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, accessed May 15, 2010; for a diagram of the MOUSE and Baltimore News Post reference, see Diagram of MOUSE satellite, Corbis Images, accessed May 16, 2010.
    - S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. "S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)", accessed May 15, 2010.
      - For his Junior Chamber of Commerce award, see The New York Times. "10 Young Men Cited by Junior Chamber", January 5, 1960; and "TOYA Part Honorees" Archived June 13, 2010, at the
      - "Andrew Kelleher, "Phobos: the odd moon of Mars", in Alienation News #211 Nov 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
      - Time magazine. "Astrophysics: Capturing a Moon and Other Diversions", February 21, 1969.
      - Sullivan, Walter. "World's Space Scientists Take Look at the Future", The New York Times, May 19, 1966.
        S. Fred Singer. "A Manned Mission to the Mysterious Moons of Mars" Archived April 15, 2007, at the
        S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. Professional background Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010.
        "S. Fred Singer Ph.D." Archived September 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Scientific & Environmental Protection Project, accessed May 18, 2010.
        "Environmental Exposure Report: Oil Well Fires". U.S. Department of Defense. August 2, 2000. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
        Brown, Seth (June 1, 2010). "'Merchants of Doubt' delves into contrarian scientists". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 1, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
        Singer, S. Fred and Jeffreys, Kent. "The EPA and the Science of Environmental Tobacco Smoke", courtesy of the University of California, San Francisco, see page 18 for the authors, undated, accessed May 18, 2010. A prepublication draft of the report was archived in the files of Walter Woodson, Vice President-Public Affairs of the Tobacco Institute: scan Archived March 29, 2013, at the
        "CLIMATE CHANGE 2014: Synthesis Report. Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2015. The evidence for human influence on the climate system has grown since the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). It is extremely likely that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas concentrations and other anthropogenic forcings together
        "How Dangerous Is Global Warming?". Los Angeles Times. June 17, 2001. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved April 14, 2007.
        Singer, S. Fred. "Environmental Strategies with Uncertain Science". Archived from the original on January 10, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2003.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Regulation 13(1), Winter 1990, Cato Institute.
        Harris, Dan et al. "Global Warming Denier: Fraud or 'Realist'?", ABC News, March 23, 2008; Singer, S. Fred. "Letter to ABC News from Dr. S. Fred Singer" Archived August 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Science & Environmental Policy Project, March 28, 2008, accessed May 16, 2010.
        Singer, Fred. "Letter to Science: Changes in the Climate Change Report", Science & Environmental Policy Project, July 3, 1996, accessed October 30, 2010. Archived on October 30, 2010.
        Johnson, Harriette and Bast, Joseph L. "Climate Change Conference Invigorates Global Warming Debate", Environment News, The Heartland Institute, May 7, 2008.
        "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). The Heartland Institute. September 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
        Singer, Fred S. "Climate skeptic: We are winning the science battle", Reuters, December 14, 2009.
        Gillis, Justin (July 8, 2010). "British Panel Clears Climate Scientists". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
        The eight major investigations covered by secondary sources include: House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK); Independent Climate Change Review (UK); International Science Assessment Panel Archived May 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (UK); Pennsylvania State University first panel Archived September 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and second panel Archived January 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (US); United States Environmental Protection Agency (US); Department of Commerce (US); National Science Foundation (US)

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Singer, S. Fred (1949). "The density spectrum and latitude dependence of extensive cosmic ray air showers". American Doctoral Dissertations. Princeton University. Bibcode:1949PhDT........17S. OCLC 77665144.
Singer, S. F & Wentworth, R. C. (June 1957). "A method for the determination of the vertical ozone distribution from a satellite". J. Geophys. Res. 62 (2): 299–308. Bibcode:1957JGR....62..299S. doi:10.1029/JZ062i002p00299. ISSN 2156-2202. A detector looking down towards the earth will receive solar ultraviolet scattered by the atmosphere which has been attenuated both by scattering out and by ozone absorption.
Zerefos, Christos S.; Isaksen, Ivar S.A.; Ziomas, Ioannis, eds. (2000). Chemistry and Radiation Changes in the Ozone Layer. Nato Science Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences. Vol. 557. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 309. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4353-0. ISBN 978-0-7923-6513-6. ISSN 1389-2185. Recent studies have demonstrated a link between ozone changes caused by human activities and changing UV levels at the Earth's surface, as well as a link to climate through changes in radiative forcing and links to changes in chemical composition. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

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Hobbs PV, Radke LF (May 1992). "Airborne studies of the smoke from the kuwait oil fires". Science. 256 (5059): 987–91. Bibcode:1992Sci...256..987H. doi:10.1126/science.256.5059.987. PMID 17795001. S2CID 43394877.

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