Free market (English Wikipedia)

Zimbalist, Andrew S.; Sherman, Howard J.; Brown, Stuart (1988). Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach. Harcourt College Pub. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-0155124035. Pure capitalism is defined as a system wherein all of the means of production (physical capital) are privately owned and run by the capitalist class for a profit, while most other people are workers who work for a salary or wage (and who do not own the capital or the product).
Tarbell, Ida (1904). The History of the Standard Oil Company. McClure, Phillips and Co.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Jaffe, Klaus (2014). "Agent Based Simulations Visualize Adam Smith's Invisible Hand by Solving Friedrich Hayek's Economic Calculus". SSRN Electronic Journal. arXiv:1509.04264. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2695557. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 17075259.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Rosser, Mariana V.; Rosser, J Barkley (2003). Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. MIT Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0262182348. In capitalist economies, land and produced means of production (the capital stock) are owned by private individuals or groups of private individuals organized as firms.
Smith, Adam (1827). The Wealth of Nations. Book IV. p. 184 Archived 2023-01-18 at the Wayback Machine.
Polanyi, Karl (2001-03-28). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Beacon Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8070-5642-4. Archived from the original on 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2023-01-04.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Free market". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2022-10-15.

c4ss.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"But there has always been a market-oriented strand of libertarian socialism that emphasizes voluntary cooperation between producers. And markets, properly understood, have always been about cooperation. As a commenter at Reason magazine's Hit&Run blog, remarking on Jesse Walker's link to the Kelly article, put it: "every trade is a cooperative act." In fact, it's a fairly common observation among market anarchists that genuinely free markets have the most legitimate claim to the label "socialism." "Socialism: A Perfectly Good Word Rehabilitated" Archived 2016-03-10 at the Wayback Machine by Kevin Carson at website of Center for a Stateless Society.
Nick Manley, "Brief Introduction To Left-Wing Laissez Faire Economic Theory: Part One" Archived 2021-08-18 at the Wayback Machine.
Nick Manley, "Brief Introduction To Left-Wing Laissez Faire Economic Theory: Part Two" Archived 2021-05-16 at the Wayback Machine.

columbia.edu (Global: 554^th place; English: 368^th place)

"Ip, Greg and Mark Whitehouse, "How Milton Friedman Changed Economics, Policy and Markets", Wall Street Journal Online (November 17, 2006)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-06-25.

dictionaryofeconomics.com (Global: low place; English: 8,714^th place)

Heilbroner, Robert L. "Capitalism" Archived 28 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0198.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Heilbroner, Robert L. "Capitalism" Archived 28 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0198.
Sy, Wilson N. (18 September 2016). "Capitalism and Economic Growth Across the World". SSRN Electronic Journal. Rochester, NY. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2840425. S2CID 157423973. SSRN 2840425. For 40 largest countries in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database, it is shown statistically that capitalism, between 2003 and 2012, is positively correlated significantly to economic growth.
Hayek, F. (1949-03-01). "The Intellectuals and Socialism". University of Chicago Law Review. 16 (3): 417–433. doi:10.2307/1597903. ISSN 0041-9494. JSTOR 1597903. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
Stigler, George J. (1992). "Law or Economics?". The Journal of Law & Economics. 35 (2): 455–468. doi:10.1086/467262. ISSN 0022-2186. JSTOR 725548. S2CID 154114758. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
Shleifer, Andrei; Vishny, Robert W (1994). "Politics of Market Socialism". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 8 (2): 165–176. doi:10.1257/jep.8.2.165. S2CID 152437398.
Jaffe, Klaus (2014). "Agent Based Simulations Visualize Adam Smith's Invisible Hand by Solving Friedrich Hayek's Economic Calculus". SSRN Electronic Journal. arXiv:1509.04264. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2695557. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 17075259.
Judd, K. L. (1997). "Computational economics and economic theory: Substitutes or complements?" (PDF). Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 21 (6): 907–942. doi:10.1016/S0165-1889(97)00010-9. S2CID 55347101. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2019-08-08.

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Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Book V, Chapter 2, Part 2, Article I: Taxes upon the Rent of Houses.

fee.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cliche #41: "Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company Proved That We Needed Anti-Trust Laws to Fight Such Market Monopolies" Archived 2017-02-16 at the Wayback Machine, The Freeman, January 23, 2015. Retrieved December 20, 2016.

imf.org (Global: 225^th place; English: 601^st place)

Helbling, Thomas. "Externalities: Prices Do Not Capture All Costs". Finance & Development. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2022-09-15.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Hayek, F. (1949-03-01). "The Intellectuals and Socialism". University of Chicago Law Review. 16 (3): 417–433. doi:10.2307/1597903. ISSN 0041-9494. JSTOR 1597903. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
Stigler, George J. (1992). "Law or Economics?". The Journal of Law & Economics. 35 (2): 455–468. doi:10.1086/467262. ISSN 0022-2186. JSTOR 725548. S2CID 154114758. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.

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Judd, K. L. (1997). "Computational economics and economic theory: Substitutes or complements?" (PDF). Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 21 (6): 907–942. doi:10.1016/S0165-1889(97)00010-9. S2CID 55347101. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2019-08-08.

oecdobserver.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bronk, Richard (Summer 2000). "Which model of capitalism?". OECD Observer. Vol. 1999, no. 221–22. OECD. pp. 12–15. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.

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"Chapter 20: Reasons for government intervention in the market". Archived from the original on 2014-05-22. Retrieved 2014-06-06.

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Anderson, Elizabeth S. (2017). Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don't Talk about It). Princeton University Press. pp. 37–71. ISBN 978-0691192246.

promarket.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Why We Need To Re-think Friedman's Ideas About Monopolies". ProMarket. 2021-04-25. Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. Retrieved 2021-09-27.

ru.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cooperative Economics: An Interview with Jaroslav Vanek" Archived 2021-08-17 at the Wayback Machine. Interview by Albert Perkins. Retrieved March 17, 2011.

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Sy, Wilson N. (18 September 2016). "Capitalism and Economic Growth Across the World". SSRN Electronic Journal. Rochester, NY. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2840425. S2CID 157423973. SSRN 2840425. For 40 largest countries in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database, it is shown statistically that capitalism, between 2003 and 2012, is positively correlated significantly to economic growth.
Stigler, George J. (1992). "Law or Economics?". The Journal of Law & Economics. 35 (2): 455–468. doi:10.1086/467262. ISSN 0022-2186. JSTOR 725548. S2CID 154114758. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
Shleifer, Andrei; Vishny, Robert W (1994). "Politics of Market Socialism". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 8 (2): 165–176. doi:10.1257/jep.8.2.165. S2CID 152437398.
Jaffe, Klaus (2014). "Agent Based Simulations Visualize Adam Smith's Invisible Hand by Solving Friedrich Hayek's Economic Calculus". SSRN Electronic Journal. arXiv:1509.04264. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2695557. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 17075259.
Judd, K. L. (1997). "Computational economics and economic theory: Substitutes or complements?" (PDF). Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 21 (6): 907–942. doi:10.1016/S0165-1889(97)00010-9. S2CID 55347101. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2019-08-08.

simonandschuster.com (Global: 4,206^th place; English: 2,262^nd place)

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Louis Hyman and Edward E. Baptist (2014). American Capitalism: A Reader Archived 22 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1476784311.

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papers.ssrn.com

Sy, Wilson N. (18 September 2016). "Capitalism and Economic Growth Across the World". SSRN Electronic Journal. Rochester, NY. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2840425. S2CID 157423973. SSRN 2840425. For 40 largest countries in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database, it is shown statistically that capitalism, between 2003 and 2012, is positively correlated significantly to economic growth.

ssrn.com

Jaffe, Klaus (2014). "Agent Based Simulations Visualize Adam Smith's Invisible Hand by Solving Friedrich Hayek's Economic Calculus". SSRN Electronic Journal. arXiv:1509.04264. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2695557. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 17075259.

ted.com (Global: 2,839^th place; English: 2,020^th place)

Michael J. Sandel (June 2013). Why we shouldn't trust markets with our civic life . TED. Retrieved January 11, 2015.

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"Cornel West: Democracy Matters" Archived 2014-10-15 at the Wayback Machine, The Globalist, January 24, 2005. Retrieved October 9, 2014.

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chicagounbound.uchicago.edu

Hayek, F. (1949-03-01). "The Intellectuals and Socialism". University of Chicago Law Review. 16 (3): 417–433. doi:10.2307/1597903. ISSN 0041-9494. JSTOR 1597903. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.

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"Farm Program Pays $1.3 Billion to People Who Don't Farm". Washington Post. 2 July 2006. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
Henry Farrell (July 18, 2014). The free market is an impossible utopia Archived 2015-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2015.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Helbling, Thomas. "Externalities: Prices Do Not Capture All Costs". Finance & Development. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2022-09-15.
Heilbroner, Robert L. "Capitalism" Archived 28 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0198.
Louis Hyman and Edward E. Baptist (2014). American Capitalism: A Reader Archived 22 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1476784311.
Bronk, Richard (Summer 2000). "Which model of capitalism?". OECD Observer. Vol. 1999, no. 221–22. OECD. pp. 12–15. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
"But there has always been a market-oriented strand of libertarian socialism that emphasizes voluntary cooperation between producers. And markets, properly understood, have always been about cooperation. As a commenter at Reason magazine's Hit&Run blog, remarking on Jesse Walker's link to the Kelly article, put it: "every trade is a cooperative act." In fact, it's a fairly common observation among market anarchists that genuinely free markets have the most legitimate claim to the label "socialism." "Socialism: A Perfectly Good Word Rehabilitated" Archived 2016-03-10 at the Wayback Machine by Kevin Carson at website of Center for a Stateless Society.
Nick Manley, "Brief Introduction To Left-Wing Laissez Faire Economic Theory: Part One" Archived 2021-08-18 at the Wayback Machine.
Nick Manley, "Brief Introduction To Left-Wing Laissez Faire Economic Theory: Part Two" Archived 2021-05-16 at the Wayback Machine.
"Cooperative Economics: An Interview with Jaroslav Vanek" Archived 2021-08-17 at the Wayback Machine. Interview by Albert Perkins. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
Hayek, F. (1949-03-01). "The Intellectuals and Socialism". University of Chicago Law Review. 16 (3): 417–433. doi:10.2307/1597903. ISSN 0041-9494. JSTOR 1597903. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
Stigler, George J. (1992). "Law or Economics?". The Journal of Law & Economics. 35 (2): 455–468. doi:10.1086/467262. ISSN 0022-2186. JSTOR 725548. S2CID 154114758. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
Smith, Adam (1827). The Wealth of Nations. Book IV. p. 184 Archived 2023-01-18 at the Wayback Machine.
Judd, K. L. (1997). "Computational economics and economic theory: Substitutes or complements?" (PDF). Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 21 (6): 907–942. doi:10.1016/S0165-1889(97)00010-9. S2CID 55347101. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
"Chapter 20: Reasons for government intervention in the market". Archived from the original on 2014-05-22. Retrieved 2014-06-06.
"Farm Program Pays $1.3 Billion to People Who Don't Farm". Washington Post. 2 July 2006. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
"Ip, Greg and Mark Whitehouse, "How Milton Friedman Changed Economics, Policy and Markets", Wall Street Journal Online (November 17, 2006)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-06-25.
"Free market". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2022-10-15.
"Cliche #41: "Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company Proved That We Needed Anti-Trust Laws to Fight Such Market Monopolies" Archived 2017-02-16 at the Wayback Machine, The Freeman, January 23, 2015. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
"Why We Need To Re-think Friedman's Ideas About Monopolies". ProMarket. 2021-04-25. Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
"Cornel West: Democracy Matters" Archived 2014-10-15 at the Wayback Machine, The Globalist, January 24, 2005. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
Henry Farrell (July 18, 2014). The free market is an impossible utopia Archived 2015-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
Polanyi, Karl (2001-03-28). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Beacon Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8070-5642-4. Archived from the original on 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2023-01-04.

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Gilpin, Robert (2018). The Challenge of Global Capitalism : The World Economy in the 21st Century. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691186474. OCLC 1076397003.
Hayek, F. (1949-03-01). "The Intellectuals and Socialism". University of Chicago Law Review. 16 (3): 417–433. doi:10.2307/1597903. ISSN 0041-9494. JSTOR 1597903. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
Stigler, George J. (1992). "Law or Economics?". The Journal of Law & Economics. 35 (2): 455–468. doi:10.1086/467262. ISSN 0022-2186. JSTOR 725548. S2CID 154114758. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
Jaffe, Klaus (2014). "Agent Based Simulations Visualize Adam Smith's Invisible Hand by Solving Friedrich Hayek's Economic Calculus". SSRN Electronic Journal. arXiv:1509.04264. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2695557. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 17075259.

Free market (English Wikipedia)

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